true or false? Stratified squamous epithelium forms the surface of the skin, the lining of the mouth, and the lining of the esophagus.

Answer:

By establishing linking features of fossils in different age brackets through radioactive dating

Explanation:

Radioactive dating estimates the age of fossils and rock. Fossils are remains of living organisms that are primarily found in the sedimentary rocks. Carbon dating is used to determine the age of the fossils that are not older than 50 thousand years.  

For fossils older than that uranium dating is used. Based on the age estimation of fossils, fossils belonging to the same age bracket are grouped from the oldest time to the most recent time thereby marking the common characteristics of different fossils at each age brackets. In this way radioactive dating helps the scientist in establishing evolutionary links.

Radiometric dating supports the theory of evolution by natural selection by providing evidence for the timeline of life on Earth, enabling scientists to study the sequence in which different species have appeared or disappeared. Also, it evidences the concept of deep time, essential for the concept of gradual evolutionary change.

Radiometric dating is a method used by scientists to date geological materials such as rocks, and it provides support for the theory of evolution by natural selection in several ways.

Firstly, it gives us an understanding into the timeline of life on Earth. By accurately estimating the age of fossils, we can create a timeline for when specific organisms existed, how they evolved over time, and the order in which they appeared or disappeared. This timeline is essential for the theory of evolution.

Also, it aids in the evidence of gradual change (evolution) over long periods of time (deep time). In other words, by showing that the Earth is billions of years old, radiometric dating supports the idea that slow, progressive changes (i.e., 'natural selection') have shaped life as we know it today.

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Answer:

a) hybrid inviability

Explanation:

Two species of frogs belong to the same genus and interbreed sometimes. It means that the prezygotic reproductive barriers are not working here since the frogs of two species are able to interbreed and produce a zygote. However, the resultant offspring are less viable and do not hatch. It represents hybrid inviability wherein the hybrids of two species do not develop properly during embryonic development and die soon. It is a type of postzygotic reproductive barrier.

Answer:

The correct answer is - declining in animals of all ages .

Explanation:

Puget Sound is experiencing a change in the climate from a very long period of time. The salinity went up, hypoxia is also persisting as a new threat in this area and many other changes like adding chemical compounds affecting the ecosystem of Puget Sound.

Due to this change, there is the killer whale population is declining in animals of all ages  due to the chemical compound which leads to the condition in killer whales which are similar to AIDS.

Thus, the correct answer is - declining in animals of all ages.

Answer: A mature parent cell is approximately 4 µm, while a budding cell is 3 µm. Since the shape of a yeast is a sphere, we can use the formula below:

V= (4/3)π.r³, considering that π=3,14 and r is for ratio of the sphere, which is half of it's diameter.

For a parent cell, the volume is: 33 µm³

For a budding cell, the volume is: 14 µm³

Since the volume determines how much cytoplasm a cell has, then a budding cell needs to grow the mature parent cell - its own current volume, so the result would be 19 µm³ of cytoplasm.

To calculate the surface area, we use another formula that is presented below:

A= 4.π.r²

For a parent mature cell, the surface is 50 µm²

For a budding cell, the surface is 28 µm²

Since the surface determines how much plasma membrane a cell has, to know how much the budding cell needs to grow up to a mature state is simply using the surface area of the parent cell - the current surface area of it, resulting in 22  µm².

To find the size differences between a mature yeast cell and a budding cell, we first calculate their sizes using the scale bar. We apply those sizes to the formulas for surface area and volume of a sphere to find the amount of plasma membrane and cytoplasm the budding cell needs to reach full size. Growth limitations are also discussed by considering the surface area-to-volume ratio.

The subject of this question concerns the cellular processes of yeast, which are eukaryotic fungi. Specifically, it deals with the size of yeast cells and their budding - a model of asexual reproduction. Yeast cell size can be found based on the scale bar provided. Assuming these are spherical cells, we can use the formula for sphere volume and surface area (4πr² and 4/3πr³ respectively) to calculate these parameters. Here 'r' is the radius of the cell which will be about half of the determined size.

It's important to note that as a cell increases in size, its surface area-to-volume ratio decreases. This is crucial for understanding cell efficiency and the need for cell division when the cell gets too large.

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Answer:

C4

Explanation:

Plants present under the conditions of higher temperatures have several adaptations to reduce water loss. One such adaptation is the C4 photosynthetic pathway. In C4 pathways, plants perform the primary fixation of CO2 into C4 acids in mesophyll cells. These C4 acids are then transported to the bundle sheath cells where they are being decarboxylated to release CO2. The released CO2 enters into Calvin cycle and glucose is produced while the C3 acids are transported back to the mesophyll cells to continue the process.

In these plants, RuBisCo is present in bundle sheath cells and the higher concentration of CO2 around this enzyme increases the photosynthetic efficiency by reducing photorespiration. Thereby, these plants have a higher photosynthetic rate and do not need to open stomata more to support photosynthesis.

Answer:

The correct answer is D. fitness

Explanation:

The ability of an organism to survive up to reproductive age and produce its offspring is called biological fitness. The fitness of any individual can be measured by the genetic contribution of that individual into the next generation.

This means that the higher the number of offspring produced by any individual higher would be its biological fitness. By averaging the fitness of population members the fitness of a population can be calculated. So fitness is the correct answer.

Answer:

The correct answer is a. Natural selection favors individuals that reproduce more than others

Explanation:

Nature select those organisms who are better adapted to their environment and reproduce more and eliminate those individuals who have lower reproductive fitness. This process of selection is called natural selection.

So the selected individual will have more chances to reproduce and produce more offsprings and more the offsprings more will be the chances of survival of offsprings and adaptation. Therefore it is true that natural selection favors the individual who have more reproductive fitness.

Answer:

The correct answer is - cholesterol.

Explanation:

Osmotic pressure is the pressure that is applied to a solvent without any solute particle to prevent it from entering inward into a specific solution by the process of the osmosis.

In a cell to prevent osmosis or resistance to the osmotic pressure a cell membrane need to be have cholesterol as it is hydrophobic in nature and most of the solution have water as solvent.

Thus, the correct answer is - cholesterol.

Answer:

Plants use light energy for anabolic reactions

No, an animal would not use the same kind of energy

Explanation:

Anabolic reaction is a metabolic reaction in which smaller molecules combine to form larger molecules.

An example of an anabolic reaction in plants is photosynthesis

Plants use light energy from sunlight to manufacture glucose and oxygen from carbon(iv)oxide and water.

On the other hand, animals use chemical energy from catabolic reactions for anabolic reactions

Answer:

2) possess tubular or stalk-like extensions of their cells.

Explanation:

Appendages are tubular or stalk like extensions found on bacterial surface and utilized for specific function by bacteria. Some appendages are strongly anchored on surface while other are loosely attached.

Three important appendages in bacteria are;

Flagella; locomotion

Fimbriae; stick bacteria on the surface of host

Pili; Used in conjugation process for reproduction

Answer:

Ecological species concept

Explanation:

A species is a group of living organism consisting of individuals that can interbreed.

There are different types of species concepts. For instance, Ecological species concept defines species are a group of individuals that share the same ecological niche.

Therefore, when the biologist did not consider the physical similarities of the wolf spiders rather their ecological niche to group them.

I shows he utilized the ecological species concept.

Answer: When norepinephrine binds to alpha receptors of the iris of the eye, it causes contraction of the ciliary muscles of the eye which brings about pupil dilation.

Stimulation of alpha receptors of the smooth muscle vasculature results in vasoconstriction of blood vessels.

Explanation: Alpha receptors are adrenergic receptors that respond to norepinephrine. They are subdivided into two (2) types:

Alpha 1, found in smooth muscle heart, liver, pregnant uterus, male sexual organs and blood vessels, with effects including vasoconstriction, intestinal relaxation, uterine contraction and papillary dilation.

Alpha 2, found in platelets, vascular smooth muscle, nerve termini and pancreatic islets, with effects including platelet aggregation, vasoconstriction and inhibition of norepinephrine release and of insulin secretion.

Frontal lobe development during adolescence often lags behind limbic system development, which may help explain impulsiveness, risky behaviors, and emotional storms that often accompany adolescence.

Explanation:

In adolescents, the development of frontal lobe is observed to lag behind the limbic system development. This process is controlled by factors like environmental, heredity, pre and postnatal insult, sleep pattern, nutrition etc.

The frontal lobes are engaged with development control, critical thinking, suddenness, memory, language, commencement, judgment, motivation control, and social and sexual conduct. Adolescents process information with the amygdala which is the emotional part.

In adolescent’s brain, the associations between the emotional part of the brain and the decision-making center are still developing and not always at the similar rate. That is the reason when adolescents have overwhelming emotional input, they can’t explain later what they were thinking.

Full question from alternative source:

Albinism in humans is inherited as a simple recessive trait. for the following families, determine the most likely genotypes of the parents

Part A

Two normal parents have five children, four normal and one albino. What are the most likely genotypes of the parents?

Part B

A normal male and an albino female have six children, all normal. What is the most likely genotypes of the parents?

Part C

A normal male and an albino female have six children, three normal and three albino. What are the most likely genotypes of the parents?

Part D

Suppose that one of the normal children from Part B and one of the albino children from Part C become the parents of 8 offspring. What would be the expected number of normal and albino offspring?

Answer:

Part A - both heterozygous for the trait (Aa)

Part B - female aa, male likely AA

Part C - female aa, male Aa

Part D - 4 normal, 4 albino (50:50)

Explanation:

Part A

We are told that albinism is a recessive trait. Lets call it a and the normal allele A. Since neither of the parents have it, that must mean they each possess at least one copy of the dominant allele (either AA or Aa). Most of their children are normal, but 1 is albino. The albino child must have inherited two copies of the a allele, one from each parent. This means each parent must possess an a allele and must both be Aa.

Part B

Since the trait is recessive, we already know that the albino female must have the genotype aa. If her husband in homozygous normal (AA), all their children will be heterozygous (Aa), and therefore normal, which is the case in this cross. Therefore aa and AA are the most likely genotypes. However, it is still possible that the male has the genotype Aa. This would mean they had a 50:50 chance of producing an albino offspring. We know they have six normal children, so this is unlikely.

Part C

Since the trait is recessive, we know the female has the genotype aa. Unlike the last family, this family has some albino children. This means that the husband must be a carrier of the trait, but he is unaffected, so must be Aa.

As described in part B, if he is Aa and she is aa, they will have 50:50 normal:albino children. This is the ratio in this family.

Part D

The normal children from Part B are all heterozygous for the trait (Aa), inheriting one normal allele from their father, and one albino allele from their mother. The albino children from part C are all aa. Therefore, the cross is Aa x aa. We can draw a punnett square:

                  Aa

             A         a

       a   Aa       aa

aa   a   Aa       aa

Half the children have the genotype Aa, and half have the genotype aa. That means half will be normal and half will be albino. Therefore, 4 normal, 4 albino.

Question is incomplete (options are not given) The complete question is as follows :

Question :If they had instead performed this assay on muscle cells, which have high energy demands and primarily consist of actin and myosin filaments, where would you expect the labeled proteins to go during the chase?

-from the Golgi apparatus and the rough ER to the cytoplasm and the nucleus

-from the rough ER to the Golgi apparatus

-from the Golgi apparatus and the rough ER to the cytoplasm and the mitochondria

-from the cytoplasm to the Golgi apparatus

Answer:

-from the Golgi apparatus and the rough ER to the cytoplasm and the mitochondria

Explanation:

Proteins which have to be secreted , pass through the secretory pathway in the following order:

From the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (where they are synthesized ) moves to Golgi transport vesicles to the Golgi cisternae and secretory or transport vesicles are formed which then move to the cell surface by passing through the cytoplasm and by exocytosis move outwards. Small transport vesicles bud off from the endoplasmic reticulum and join to form the Golgi reticulum.

Hence the correct answer is that  the labeled proteins to go from the Golgi apparatus and the rough ER to the cytoplasm and the mitochondria  during the chase.

Answer:

The PCR machine consist of a thermal cycle that increases and decreases the temperature of the sample. When the temperature is increased, the double-stranded DNA template mixture is denatured or separated into single strands.

Answer:

c. An example of sustainable use is that water extracted from underground resources must be equal to or less than the water that recharges the underground resources Human population must decline for the foreseeable future to maintain

Explanation:

Sustainability is the capacity by which an element, system or process, remains active over time. The element resists, endures, remains. Also, there is a compatibility between the activity considered and the preservation of biodiversity and ecosystems, avoiding the degradation of the source and sink functions such as water.

Answer:

Option c: An example of sustainable use is that water extracted from underground resources must be equal to or less than the water that recharges the underground resources

Explanation:

The term "Sustainability" implies a compromise between the use of a resource and its recharge to maintain a balance of its existence as Earth's natural resource. It means we cant deplete this resource, and shortly or long afterwards to pretend its regeneration.  The resource must always exist.  Its availability should not be compromised.

Answer:

The best way is to list her diagnosis is to place it under; other psychotic disorders and under  other  schizophrenia spectrum. Since the  manifestation of this disorder did not meet the full criteria, it  better to place her diagnosis under broad schizophrenic spectrum,  in relevance to other psychotic disorders

This classification   is applicable when  symptoms of a disease produces a notable distress in a patient, but failed to meet the any of the full  DSM-5 criteria for schizophrenia listed in the schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders.

it is also applicable when the  medical subject can not discern  why the symptoms does not meet the  full criteria; or when relevant data are lacking  for further diagnosis.

Explanation

Answer: The statement is false

Explanation:

It is a false statement because both DNA and RNA could consists of a double-stranded helix of sugars, phosphate groups, and nitrogenous bases.

The major differences however, is that thymine is found only in DNA, while uracil is found only in RNA molecules.

Answer:

B) two DNA molecules bearing the same mutation

Explanation:

The mismatch repair system is the biological system of proofreading the DNA strands which takes place after the DNA replication. The system works by recognizing the mispaired bases which could have added due to the insertion, deletion or any replicative error. The mismatched pair removes the wrong bases and then DNA ligases join the DNA.

If the repair system mistakenly removes the DNA with correct sequence then the DNA replication process would form the two DNA strands with the same type of mutation as the DNA replication forms the complementary strands from the two strands of the parent DNA.

Thus, Option-B is the correct answer.

Answer:

Following Statements are true.

1. Cells receive molecular signals that communicate their position in relation to other cells.

3. Differential gene expression affects the developmental process in animals.

4. Positional information controls pattern formation.

6. Homeotic genes code for transcription factors that control the development of segment-specific body parts.

Explanation:

The formation of an eukaryotic organisms's spatial organization which includes organ formation and tissue arrangement is called as Pattern formation.

Molecular signals are received by cell. This phenomenon collectively refereed as positional information. Through this phenomenon cells are informed about their locomotion with respect to body axes and other cells. Regulation of pattern formation is controlled by Positional information.

When body axes is established a gene called homeotic gene start working as regulatory genes. This gene identify specific body segment in an organism which results in the formation of segment-specific body structures in the correct locations on the body.

Answer:

Synthetic

Explanation:

Synthetic drugs are drugs that are man-made and chemically-created in a lab by modifying the molecular or chemical structure of another substance. The synthetic drug now has properties and effects that are similar to that of the substance that is being mimicked.

Various illicit drugs such as marijuana and cocaine are being synthesized to create synthetic drugs to mimic them. An example of a synthetic drug is synthetic marijuana also called Spice or K2.

Answer: Option D: Neuromuscular junction

Explanation:

This is the site of transmission of chemical signal also known as a chemical synapse between a neuron and a muscle fibre. Most of the time the chemical released which is a neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. When released, it stimulates the release of calcuim ions present in the sarcoplasm: an endoplasm like structure in the muscle fiber that contains calcium ions.

Answer:

Competition

Explanation:

Transportation of some molecules can not be through simple diffusion due to their size or other factors.

Therefore carrier proteins known as transporters are needed to facilitate their transportation.

Transporters exhibit or demonstrate characteristics such as competition,

During competition, presence of a certain molecule decreases the transportation of another molecule.

When Uric acid transportation is decreased due to the presence of probenecid is a good example of competition.

Answer:

The correct answer is - option D.

Explanation:

Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann were the scientists that produce the cell theory that is extended by Rudolf virchow.

According to the cell theory cells are arise from the already existing cells, that they are organizational or structural unit of all organism. The final point of the organism are made of cells.

Thus, the correct answer is option D.

The two scientists named "Matthias Schleiden" and "Theodor Schwann" were developed the cell hypothesis, which Rudolf Virchow expanded on.

Thus the response above i.e., "option d" is correct.

Find out more information about Cell theory here:

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Gravity is a force of attraction and friction is a force of opposing motion.

Explanation:

When an object is subjected to a push or a pull then it is called as force. The Newton is the unit of force and when all the forces that are acting on an object is integrated it gives to the Net force. When two objects contacts each other there exits friction. It is the force that is responsible in opposing the motion of the objects as they contact each other.

The force that is attractive and results in pulling of the objects is Gravity. The attraction that exists between two objects is because of the mass. The acceleration that is being induced in an object that is in movement with the gravitational force is called as acceleration due to gravity.

Answer:

abd

Explanation:

because thats just what it is

Answer:

Option (C)

Explanation:

Catabolism is usually defined as a metabolic activity where the complex food molecules are disintegrated into simpler molecules. This process results in the release of energy. This disintegration is facilitated by the enzymes that are present inside the mouth of an organism. For example, glycolysis is a process where the glucose molecules are disintegrated with the help of enzymes, and in return, it releases acid (pyruvic acid) and a certain amount of energy.

The above-given condition is an example of this catabolism process.

Thus, the correct answer is option (C).

Answer: True

Explanation:

The rabies is an acute viral infection that causes inflammation of the spinal cord and the brain. Rabies virus is found in the saliva of the infected animals.

The people usually get rabies by the bite of the animals like rat, dog and rabid animals. The scratch of such animals can also cause rabies.

Before the appearance of symptoms in the person medication and injection can cure this disease.

Answer:

b

Explanation: