Cilia have been damaged
Explanation:
If the cilia are damaged the mucous and dirt do not come out of the lungs leading to clogging of the bronchia. Lauren smoking habit has damaged her cilia and thus had troubled breathing. The bronchi of the lung are lined with cilia.
Cilia are tiny hair-like projections that keep the airways clean by sweeping away mucus and dust particles and keeping the lungs clear. When cilia do not work the air passage gets clogged with dust and dirt causing trouble breathing.
Lauren's smoking has damaged the cilia in her bronchial cells.
Explanation:The cell organelles that have been damaged in Lauren's bronchial cells are the cilia. Cilia are hair-like structures on the surface of cells that help in moving mucus and dirt out of the respiratory system. Smoking cigarettes has a detrimental effect on cilia, causing them to become damaged and less effective in their function.
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The scientist who coined the name Homo sapiens for human beings and placed them in a higher taxonomic group (primates) was
(A) Carolus Linnaeus.
(B) Georges Cuvier.
(C) Robert Hooke.
(D) Charles Darwin.
Answer:
a carolus linnaeus
Explanation:
The scientist who coined the name Homo sapiens for human beings and placed them in a higher taxonomic group he called primates was: Carolus Linnaeus
hi,i am user in indonesia.in indonesia i am haikalhama /expert
___________ is the primary mover of water in saturated (wet) soils while capillary action is the primary mover of water in unsaturated soils als3133
Answer:
Surface tension
Explanation:
Select the answer that represents the correct order of structures involved in protein synthesis and secretion.
a. Nucleus, rough ER, condensing vesicle, Golgi apparatus, transitional vesicle
b. Nucleus, smooth ER, transitional vesicle, Golgi apparatus, secretory vesicle
c. Nucleus, Golgi apparatus, transitional vesicle, rough ER, secretory vesicle
d. Nucleus, rough ER, transitional vesicle, Golgi apparatus, secretory vesicle
Answer:
d. Nucleus, rough ER, transitional vesicle, Golgi apparatus, secretory vesicle
Explanation:
The process of protein synthesis begins in the nucleus with transcription. Specific mRNA of the complementary DNA code of the protein to be synthesize is copied. The mRNA binds to the DNA molecule template by enzyme RNA polymerase; this enzyme binds the mRNA at the promoter site of the DNA and the bases joined together by hydrogen bonds.This is transcription. When full complementary of the mRNA from the template DNA has been copied they are releases by the enzyme RNA polymerase at terminator. The mRNA leaves the nucleus through the nuclear pore for the nucleus.
The mRNA binds to the ribosomes which are mostly attached to the endopalsmic reticulum, and are therefore called rough endoplasmic reticulum or drifting freely in the cytoplasm. tRNA molecules are present in the cytoplasm. they have two ends; one end for binding with triplet of bases(anticodons) and the other end for amino acid attachments on the mRNA(codons). This is initiation, and it takes place in the cytoplasm.
Trasnslation
The complementary binding leads to formation of sequence of amino acid polypeptide chains,.it is catalysed by the enzyme peptidyl transferase,on the small ribosome small sub units; in presence of ATPs, the first codon is usually AUG, for the amino acid methionine. It terminates at the stop condon ;UAA,UAG It is called translation, because the mRNA is translated to polypepetide chains of amino acids on the small unit of ribosomes, the location.
The polypeptide chains of amino acids are transported through the transport vesicles to the Golgi cisternae ( Golgi apparatus).for processing and sorting.
They are moved by cisternae migration to trans-golgi reticulum,,where the are sorted out,From here they are transported to the trans-Golgi network;for onward transportation into the secretory vesicles and transport vesicles. The latter fused with the plasma membrane , and secreted to the outside by Exocytosis.
Proteins stored in the secretory vesicles usually stimulus for exocytosis, thus are not immediately available for secretion
The correct order of structures involved in protein synthesis and secretion is: Nucleus, Rough ER, Condensing vesicle, Golgi apparatus, Transitional vesicle, Secretory vesicle.
Explanation:The correct order of structures involved in protein synthesis and secretion is:
Nucleus - where DNA is transcribed into mRNA
Rough ER - where the newly synthesized proteins are folded and modified
Condensing vesicle - which carries the proteins from the rough ER to the Golgi apparatus
Golgi apparatus - where the proteins are further modified, sorted, and packaged into vesicles
Transitional vesicle - which transports the packaged proteins from the Golgi apparatus to the cell membrane or other organelles
Secretory vesicle - which fuses with the cell membrane and releases the proteins outside the cell
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2. How are the site(s) where replication begin(s) is/are characterized as in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Answer: In prokaryotes, site for replication origin is a short stretch of nucleotides which contains multiple binding site. Prokaryotes have single origin of replication. While eukaryotes have multiple origin of replication sites.
Origin of replication has the specific bases pairs that are complementary to replication initiation protein which will find to it.
What are some primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention activities that your nursing outpost clinic is providing to control the spread of malaria
Answer:
In order to control any diseases the professionals have a certain set of skills and they use them in order to control certain disease in a given area. As the prevention are taken in order to avoid any further damage to the community. But, each nursing outpost clinic posses has a set of rules and a standard set by them to have a control over various diseases or disorders.
As there certain steps in which the number of diseases are controlled and any further damage to the living organisms is avoided by following up the given procedure. While each professional or nurse is required to go through a sequence to achieve the given objectives, these steps are as follow:Primary prevention activity,Secondary prevention activity,Tertiary prevention activity.Explanation:
Primary prevention activity:As first of all the nursing post must follow up on covering the whole population and making them able to live a healthy life. There are certain aspects inside any community or the population which needs to be taken under consideration, as preventive measures are taken to make awareness among the masses and helping them out in controlling the diseases which are present or there is risk of contracting any of them by the society.
Secondary prevention activity:Increase the level of awareness schemes inside the society, hiring more professionals and training them in order to deal with any emergency or situation faced by the population. As it needs to be controlled by the nursing outposts and well treated by the professionals who are hired by the institutions.
Tertiary prevention activity:If the situation turns into an emergency then the professionals must avail from there set of skills and the things they know better, as it is required for the recovery of the effected people and those who are facing any diseases. And for that purpose there are hospitals or clinics inside the region, present to deal with the number of cases.
One technique some MI clinicians use to increase client discrepancy is the ________ approach.
Answer:
Colombo approach
Explanation:
This is a questioning techniques formulated and used by the character Lieutenant Colombo played by Peter Falk in the Television series Colombo of the 70s.
The techniques involved 2 methods of ; engaging the individual under interrogation in a long casual talk to gain bonding,
AND
surreptitiously introduce the intended question;so that the subject in relax state is caught unaware and therefore find it difficult to hide the truth.
The techniques involved combination of the questioning approaches with a non-aristocratic demeanor of harmless, and non intimidating fellow, thus sealing the bonds between the interrogator and the subject; for ambience of trust with weak resistance to obtain needed answers.
If two tablespoonfuls of a 10% w/v povidone–iodine solution were diluted to 1 quart with purified water,
what would be the ratio strength of the dilution?
Answer:
[tex]1 : 315[/tex]
Explanation:
As we know that
one quart is equal to [tex]946.3[/tex] mls
one table spoon is equal to [tex]15[/tex] mls
Therefore, two table spoon is equal to
[tex]2 * 15 = 30[/tex] mls
[tex]Q_1 * C_1 = Q_2 * C_2[/tex]
Here,
[tex]Q_1[/tex] & [tex]Q_2[/tex] represents the volume
[tex]C_1[/tex] & [tex]C_2[/tex] represents the concentration
Substituting the given values in above equation, we get -
[tex]30 * 10[/tex]% [tex]= 946.3 * X[/tex]%
[tex]X[/tex]% [tex]= \frac{30 * 10}{946.3}[/tex]
[tex]X[/tex]% [tex]= 0.317[/tex] %
[tex]0.317[/tex] % [tex]= 100 : 0.317[/tex]
[tex]1 : 315[/tex]
Following are the calculation to the ratio strength of the dilution:
Initial concentration, [tex]C_1 = 30\% = 0.30[/tex]
Initial volume, [tex]V_1 = 2 \times 15 = 30 \ mL \ \text{(2 tablespoonfuls)}[/tex]
Using filtered water, dilute this solution to 1 quart.
Let the diluted solution have a strength of [tex]C_2[/tex]:
[tex]\because 1\ quart = 946.35 \ mL \\\\ \therefore V_2 = 946.35\ mL \\\\[/tex]
Now,
[tex]\to V_1C_1 = V_2C_2\\\\ \to (30) (0.30) = (946.35)C_2\\\\\to C_2= \frac{(30)(0.30)}{946.35}[/tex]
[tex]=\frac{9}{ 946.35}\\\\=\frac{1}{105.15}\\\\= 1 : 105.15 \approx 1: 105[/tex]
Therefore, the strength ratio of the diluted solution is "1: 105".
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If you were to climb to the top of Mt. Everest (~9km above sea level), how many breaths of air would you need to take at that altitude to get the same amount of air in your lungs as you could when breathing at sea level?
Answer:
Three (3) times breathe of air
Explanation:
On the earth surface, the tropopause is the interface between the troposphere(the lowest region of the atmosphere, extending from the earth's surface) and the stratosphere(the second layer of the earth surface above the troposphere).
The tropopause lies on average, at 17 kilometers above equatorial regions, and about 9 kilometers over the polar regions
As you climb to the top of the Mt. Everest(troposphere), the oxygen level begins to drops.
Oxygen levels at the peak of the Mt. Everest will be 33% of the oxygen available at the sea level because the distance is 9km above the sea level. It means that one have to breathe three times than a single breathe at the peak.
Polar compounds are forming bonds with the water on the outside of the membrane. These bonds are called ___.
Answer:
Hydrogen Bonds
Explanation:
The arrangement of phospholipid bilayer of plasma membrane is such that ; the polar phospholipid heads point outwards into the watery external environments. This Polar environment is Hydrophilic or water loving, while the water- hating hydrophobic tail region pointed inwards away from the watery medium.
This gives the usual bilayer shape to the plasma membrane,with the tail facing one another and heads outward.
The hydrogen bond is formed as inter molecular forces between the hydrogen atom (positive side)of water molecule and oxygen atom (negative side)of the polar molecules e.g glucose, to form an idea dipole -dipole force interactions,
Polar Compounds, glucose, urea dissolved easily in hyrophilic watery environment to from Hydrogen bonds with water
The correct answer is Hydrogen bond a dipole dipole force
All of the following are hormones of the anterior pituitary EXCEPT
A) human growth hormone.
B) follicle-stimulating hormone.
C) adrenocorticotropic hormone.
D) prolactin.
E) oxytocin.
Answer:y Option E.
Oxytocin is not produced by anterior pituitary gland.
Explanation:
Hormones are chemicals secreted by endocrine organs that are circulated in the body for growth, development and proper functioning.
Anterior pituitary gland is a gland that secretes hormone. Anterior pituitary gland secret six hormones which are plolatin which is responsible for milk production,human growth Hormone which stimulate growth, follicle stimulating and leutinizing hormone which stimulate sex hormone production,adrenocorticotropic hormone which stimulate adrenal gland,and thyroid stimulating hormone which stimulates thyroid gland.
Oxytocin is produced by hypothalamus and it is secreted by posterior pituitary gland which is a pregnancy hormone.
Oxytocin isn't an example of hormone found in the anterior pituitary gland.
Anterior pituitary are glands which are very close to the part of the brain
known as the hypothalamus and are connected by short blood vessels.
Examples of hormones in the anterior pituitary region include human growth
hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone and
prolactin.
Posterior pituitary are glands which are found in the part of the brain known
as hypothalamus and they release their content directly into the blood
through instruction from the brain. Examples of hormones in the region
include Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), oxytocin etc.
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Antibodies are produced during which of the following immune responses? Antibodies are produced during which of the following immune responses? Phagocytosis The complement system Inflammation Humoral response of adaptive system First-line defenses Cell-mediated response of adpative system
Answer: humoral response of adaptive system.
What is the term that refers to the range of animal and plant species and the genetic variability among those species?
Answer:
Biodervasity.
Explanation:
The term refers to the variety of life on earth.It demonstrates the extent of variation at different levels of species,genetic and ecosystem in a community of organisms.
It not equal in its distribution on earth;but rather varies with the type of ecosystem available and the distribution of biotic and abiotic factors in the ecosystem. For example;
It is highest in the Tropics,due to the species richness and diversity of the region. However, it varies in other ecosystem based on species diversity peculiar to parts of the region .e.g it is highest in the marine ecosystem along the coast of abundant temperature for primary producers.
The N-H bond in ammonia is polar because
A: nitrogen occupies more space than hydrogen.
B: hydrogen is much more electronegative than nitrogen.
C: it is a hydrogen bond.
D: it is an ionic bond.
E: nitrogen is much more electronegative than hydrogen.
Answer:
E: nitrogen is much more electronegative than hydrogen.
Explanation:
in paulings scale hydrogen is 2.1 and nitrogen is 3...so
nitrogen is much more electronegative than hydrogen.
Answer:
The answer to your question is letter E. Nitrogen is much more electronegative than hydrogen.
Explanation:
Talking about bonding, we must know that there are two main types of bonds.
- Ionic bonds: these bonds are formed when we combine metal and a nonmetal and the electronegativity between these elements is higher than 1.7.
- Covalent bonds are formed when two nonmetals are combined. There are two kinds of covalent bonds:
a) Nonpolar, the electronegativity between the nonmetals is between 0 and 0.5.
b) Polar, the electronegativity between the nonmetals is between 0.5 and 1.7.
In this problem, the difference of electronegativity between nitrogen (3.04) and hydrogen (2.2) is 0.84, then this molecule has a polar bond.
In freshwater snails, pigment color is influenced by two genes. If two heterozygous pigmented freshwater snails were crossed and offspring were produced in a ratio of 9 pigmented snails to 7 albino snails, what are the genotypes of the offspring?
a. (A_B_),(A_bb)(aaB_)(aabb)
b. Genotype of pigmented snail
c. Genotype of Albino Snails
Answer:
a. (A_B_),(A_bb)(aaB_)(aabb)
Explanation:
This scenario is an example of recessive epistasis.
It involves two recessive alleles concealing the expression of an allele at varying locus.
The 9:7 ratio seen in this case is a rare form of epistasis known as duplicative recessive epistasis (a situation in which the other gene expression are masked due to the effect of either aa or bb presence on them).
In this scenario, if snails possess two copies of one or the other allele I.e allele a or allele b, pigment production would be inhibited leading to albino individuals.
A recessive phenotype is seen for a homozygous recessive gene at Gene A or Gene B.
Therefore, the genotypes of the offspring is AABB, AaBB, AABb, aaBb, aaBB, AAbb, Aabb and aabb.
Answer:
The genotype of pigmented snails are A_b_
The genotype of Albino snail are A_bb; aaB_
Explanation:
The parent genotypes and offspring phenotypic ratios in this table can help you figure out what kind of inheritance is at work.
Parent Genotypes Offspring Phenotypic Ratio Type of Inheritance
Aa x Aa 3 A_ : 1 aa Simple dominance, monohybrid cross
Aa x Aa 1 AA : 2 Aa : 1 aa Incomplete dominance
AaBb x AaBb 9 A_B_ : 3 A_bb : 3 aaB_ : 1 aabb Dihybrid cross
AaBb x AaBb 9 A_B_ : 3 A_bb : 4 aaB_ : aabb Recessive epistasis
AaBb x AaBb 12 A_B_ : A_bb : 3 aaBb : 1 aabb Dominant epistasis
Water is composed of one oxygen atom covalently boded to two hydrogen atoms. Select all of the
following statements that are true concerning water.
A: The hydrogen atoms are surrounded by fewer electrons than the oxygen atom.
B: The oxygen atom is slightly negatively charged.
C: The hydrogen atoms in the molecule are slightly negatively charged.
D: The electrons in the covalent bonds will be shared unequally between the hydrogen and oxygen atoms.
E: The molecule contains two nonpolar covalent bonds.
F: The oxygen atom has a greater attraction for the electrons in the surrounding covalent bonds than the
hydrogen atoms.
Answer:
F: The oxygen atom has a greater attraction for the electrons in the surrounding covalent bonds than the
hydrogen atoms.
Explanation:
Between hydrogen and oxygen atoms exist a covalent bond. Oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen atom hence its ability to get attracted to itself more electrons than hydrogen.
Answer: Option A, B, D and F.
Explanation:
Water is a universal solvent I.e everything dissolves in it. Water molecules consist of an oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms linked by covalent bond. The oxygen atom is electronegative and it tends to attract more electrons to itself, there is unequal sharing of electrons which make the oxygen slightly negatively charged and hydrogen slightly positively charged, making it polar molecules I.e unlike charges attract each other.Electrons in the covalent bond spend more time around oxygen atom and less around hydrogen atoms.
In this image, what letters represent nonpolar covalent bonds. Please select them by going by the blue letters.
Answer:
The answer to your question is C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J
Explanation:
To know if a bond is nonpolar covalent we must calculate the difference of electronegativity if it is between 0 and 0.5, the bond is nonpolar.
A) N and H 3.04 - 2.2 = 0.84
B) N and H 3.04 - 2.2 = 0.84
C) C and H 2.55 - 2.2 = 0.35 Nonpolar covalent
D) C and N 3.04 - 2.55 = 0.49 Nonpolar covalent
E) C and C 2.55 - 2.55 = 0 Nonpolar covalent
F) C and C 2.55 - 2.55 = 0 Nonpolar covalent
G) C and H 2.55 - 2.2 = 0.35 Nonpolar covalent
H) C and H 2.55 - 2.2 = 0.35 Nonpolar covalent
I) C and H 2.55 - 2.2 = 0.35 Nonpolar covalent
J) C and H 2.55 - 2.2 = 0.35 Nonpolar covalent
Why is progesterone production in the corpus luteum important in the first trimester of pregnancy?
a. To maintain the uterine lining
b. To provide nutrition to the embryo
c. To produce milk
d. To regulate the heartbeat of the fetus
Answer:
a. To maintain the uterine lining
Explanation:
Progesterone is secreted by the cells of the corpus luteum. During the uterine cycle, it prepares the uterine endometrium for implantation. During the first trimester, progesterone maintains the uterine lining. Higher levels of progesterone inhibit the secretion of GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone). This results in inhibition of the secretions of FSH and LH which in turn are required for the development of follicle and ovulation respectively.
Lower levels of progesterone during pregnancy results in sloughing off of uterine lining and the embryo during menstruation causing abortion.
Drag the appropriate tRNAs to the binding sites on the ribosome to show the configuration immediately before a new peptide bond forms. Note that one of the binding sites should be left empty.Figure:Ribosome structure in figure
In translation, tRNA molecules bring amino acids to the ribosome to build a polypeptide chain. The binding of tRNAs to the ribosome occurs at three sites: the A site, the P site, and the E site. The configuration immediately before a new peptide bond forms involves the A site being occupied by the incoming aminoacyl tRNA, the P site being occupied by the peptidyl tRNA, and the E site being empty.
Explanation:In translation, tRNA molecules bring amino acids to the ribosome to build a polypeptide chain. The binding of tRNAs to the ribosome occurs at three sites: the A site, the P site, and the E site. The A site holds the incoming aminoacyl tRNA, the P site holds the peptidyl tRNA, and the E site is the exit site for the now uncharged tRNA.
Immediately before a new peptide bond forms, the configuration of tRNAs on the ribosome would be as follows:
The A site would be occupied by the incoming aminoacyl tRNA carrying the next amino acid in the sequence.The P site would be occupied by the peptidyl tRNA carrying the growing polypeptide chain.The E site would be empty.This configuration allows for the formation of a peptide bond between the amino acid on the A site tRNA and the polypeptide chain on the P site tRNA.
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The configuration before a new peptide bond forms on the ribosome involves binding tRNAs to specific sites. The A site holds the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA, the P site holds the peptidyl-tRNA with the growing polypeptide chain, and the E site holds the tRNA that has released its amino acid.
Explanation:The configuration immediately before a new peptide bond forms on the ribosome involves the binding of tRNAs to specific sites. The A site (aminoacyl site) holds the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA, the P site (peptidyl site) holds the peptidyl-tRNA with the growing polypeptide chain, and the E site (exit site) holds the tRNA that has released its amino acid.
Therefore, to show the configuration before a new peptide bond forms, you would position the tRNA with the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA in the A site, the tRNA with the growing polypeptide chain in the P site, and leave the E site empty.
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if the field of view is .45 mm in diameter and three cells can fit lengthwise across the field of view, how long is one cell?
Answer:
150 microns
Explanation:
0.45mm is converted into microns by multiplying by 1000
0.45*100=450 microns
Therefore if 450 microns= 3 cells
? =1 cell
1*450/3= 150 microns
To find the length of one cell, divide the diameter of the field of view by the number of cells that can fit lengthwise.
To find the length of one cell, we need to divide the diameter of the field of view by the number of cells that can fit lengthwise. In this case, the field of view is 0.45 mm in diameter and three cells can fit lengthwise. Dividing the diameter by the number of cells gives us 0.45 mm ÷ 3 = 0.15 mm. Therefore, each cell is 0.15 mm long.
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Protist taxonomy has changed greatly in recent years as relationships have been re-examined using newer approaches. How do newer approaches differ from older approaches?
Answer:
The protists refer to the unicellular eukaryotic species, which comprise algae, fungi, and protozoa. Of these some are autotrophs and some are heterotrophs. They exhibit the tendency to survive in aquatic surroundings because of their feeding habits.
In older approaches, protists are categorized on the basis of their morphology. However, by using novel approaches like molecular genetics, they are being categorized on the basis of their genetics.
Protist taxonomy has shifted from a morphology-based approach to one focused on genetic sequence analyses, revealing new evolutionary relationships and convergent evolution among protists.
Explanation:The taxonomy of protists has undergone significant changes due to sequence analyses and our understanding of evolutionary relationships. Decades ago, organisms were grouped primarily based on physical characteristics, but closer genetic examination has shown that some species with similar structures developed them separately via convergent evolution. Consequently, morphological similarities may not always reflect a close genetic relationship. New classification methods propose dividing the domain Eukaryota into six monophyletic "supergroups" that more accurately reflect evolutionary descent, grouping all protists with animals, plants, and fungi that originated from a common ancestor. Although evidence for the monophyly of some of these groups is still incomplete, the shift from morphology-based to genetic-based classification has modernized our understanding of protist taxonomy.
3. A distinctive characteristic of mammals that is not observed in other vertebrates is
a. internal fertilization
b. body hair
C. the presence of a cloaca
d. endothermy
e. a vertebral column
Answer:b. body hair
Explanation: Body hair, mammary gland/breast are features that makes mammals different from other animals. The presence of body hair gives warmth and protection to the animal skin which other vertebrates lacks.
A distinctive characteristic of mammals not observed in other vertebrates. d. Endothermy. Therefore , d. endothermy is correct .
Endothermy, also known as warm-bloodedness, is a distinctive characteristic of mammals that sets them apart from many other vertebrates.
Endothermic animals, including mammals, can regulate their internal body temperature independently of the external environment.
This ability allows them to maintain a relatively stable and warm body temperature, even in varying environmental conditions.
Importance of Endothermy:
Endothermy offers several advantages, such as enhanced metabolic efficiency, faster reaction times, and increased endurance.
Mammals can adapt to diverse habitats and climates, from cold arctic regions to hot deserts, due to their capacity to generate internal heat and maintain a suitable body temperature for essential physiological processes.
Contrast with Ectothermy:
In contrast, ectothermic animals, like reptiles and amphibians, rely on external sources of heat to regulate their body temperature.
They cannot maintain a constant internal temperature and are often referred to as cold-blooded.
Their metabolism and activity levels are influenced by the surrounding environment.
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Predict how predation might evolve. For example, a parasite might evolve to become less virulent so that it doesn’t kill so many of its host.
Answer:
Evolution in the Parasitism: Parasites are mostly the microorganisms which lives in other organisms and develops there body as whole inside its host.As a parasite needs the nourishment and resources of its host cell to grow, or develop. But, it can also involves the damage or the destruction of its host cell as whole or the genome of the host cell can be damaged by its efforts.
Explanation:
Parasite as a predator:
We can simply say, that a parasitic body is much smaller to any other predator but it too consumes all or some of the energy which is the host body posses. As there are some parasites which lives in the gut and the liver of the beings and they get the required energy from the host's body for there own growth and development. The parasites are also involved in changing the cycle of mechanism or function of the host in which it lives inside.
Endoparasites:
The endoparasites requires another body or vessel through which it is transmitted from one point to the other. And the parasites then lives in the body or premises provided by that specific host's body. As the plasmodium which is the protozoa, is transmitted from one body to another with the help of mosquito acting as a vessel for its transmission. Some other types of the endoparasites which grows and damage the host's body are tapeworm,heart-worm, and flatworm in general.
Hyperparasites:
The type of parasites which is also acting as the host for another parasite living inside its body. As we have the example of the, protozoans which are found in the gut of the fleas, while the fleas are again acting as the parasite inside the dog's body.
How has Linda’s exposure to sun throughout her life contributed to her possible melanoma? (Hint: think about what happens to the DNA of skin cells.)
Answer:
Because of the UV radiations from the sun causes the damage to the DNA of the skin cells causing the formation of pyrimidine dimers and also causing inflammation and immune suppressiosn resulting in the formation of melanoma.
Explanation:
The main cause of skin cancer (melanoma) is too much ultraviolet radiation from the sun or the sunbeds.
The carcinogenic , inflammatory , immunosuppressive and DNA damaging properties of ultraviolet radiations contribute to the initiation , progression and metastasis of primary melanoma.
Melanoma usually occurs due to excessive exposure to the UV radiations in the sunlight resulting in awry in the melanin producing cells (melanocytes) that give color to the skin.
Answer:
Melanoma:
It is a severe case of disorder in the integumentary system by means of the skin cells. As the low amount or does of ultra violet light has greater intensity to knock down any unprotected or weak cell inside the living body. While, the cause of the cancer is the disorder caused inside normal production level of the melanocytes.
Explanation:
Cause:
When a person is exposed to a low dose of the UV lights, it may lead to the disturbance caused inside the genome of certain skin cells known as the melanocytes in general. As they are required for active pigmentation of the skin color. So, the unwanted rays of sun light causes the disturbance inside the DNA present in the cells body, while it also effects the normal cell cycle of the skin cells,due to which the melanin is not produced in a normal level leading to the skin disorder or we can simply say the skin cancer.
Symptoms:
A person at first may see the unusual skin color or pigmentation, but it can be verified whether there is any cancer present or not through various medical procedures or tests.
Treatment:
For the purpose of skin cancer treatment there are various techniques.As high dose of various medicines can also be prescribed for the purpose of treatment, along with some skin treatment cream. While, the chemotherapy is also present for having better results.
Of the following international agreements, which one has intended purposes of peace and scientific research?
A.Environmental Protection Treaty
B.Migratory Bird and Game Mammal Treaty
C.Antarctic Treaty System
D.Ramsar Convention
Answer:
The answer is the anarchy treaty system
Explanation:
The Antarctic Treaty System is a system that takes care of Antartica and its world wide connections (a continent with no life forms). The ATS serves to manage the associations within states in Antartic. The main aim of ATS is to ensure that human race in Antarctica shall always move to practice peaceful goals and shall not become develop any form of disunity.
Answer: Option C.
Antarctic treaty system
Explanation:
Antarctic treaty system is an international agreements of peace and scientific research signed in Washington on December 1, 1959 with 12 signatories. The main purpose of this agreement is that Antarctica should be used forever for peaceful purposes for all mankind and millatary bases. It shall not Be a scene for world discord and should continued be use for scientific research. Antarctic treaty covers the south of 60° south latitude , also called Antarctic treaty area.
what fluids are considered to be isotonic and appropriate in the treatment of fluid loss due to a surgical procedure
Answer: Isotonic crystalloid is are considered appropriate I treating fluid losses due to surgical procedure.
Explanation:
Isotonic crystalloids are intravenous fluid administered to patients to ensure initial resuscitation and restore isotonic fluid loss like blood. They are considered appropriate because they ensure initial resuscitation and to expand intravascular and interstitial spaces and also maintain hydration.
Examples of these isotonic fluid are normal saline(NaCl) and lactated ringers(RL).
Scientists were monitoring the biochemical properties of a proton transporter by comparing the pH inside & outside the cell in the presence or absence of ATP. They noticed that the pH of the solution outside of the cell went down when ATP was added. Explain (a) whether the transporter used active or passive transport, (b) the direction of movement of the proton (H+), and (c) whether the reaction was endergonic or exergonic
Answer:
Explanation:
a; The transporter used Active transport. This is an endegonic process that requires the use of ATPs as sources of energy,. and abundant oxygen to transport ions from region of lower concentration gradient to region of high concentration gradient , that is against their individual concentration gradient. It is a transport mechanism that is inhibited by hypoxia, cyanide, mercury compounds.
Therefore if the pH of the outside is lowered (more acidity),when ATP was introduced, then protons must have been pumped outwards from the internal cell layers, that is more protons are now outside than inside of the cells. Thus the outside should have higher concentration gradient than inside.
Consequently, protons are pumped ,against their concentration gradients, by active transports, and the fact that this occurred when ATPs was introduced showed that active transporter is the answer because energy is needed for it operates.
b. pH decreases with increase in acidity of a medium. The drop in the extracellular pH showed that the active transporter pumps protons from inwards to outward solution of the cells environments.
c. Endergonic because it involved use or consumption of energy as ATP as described above; an not the release.
The proton transporter is using active transport to move protons against their concentration gradient, resulting in a decrease in pH outside the cell. The direction of movement of the protons is from outside the cell to the inside. The reaction is exergonic and requires ATP hydrolysis to provide the energy for the active transport.
Explanation:The movement of protons (H+) from outside the cell to the inside when ATP is added indicates that the proton transporter is using active transport. Active transport requires energy to move particles against a concentration or electrochemical gradient. In this case, ATP is providing the energy for the transporter to move protons against their concentration gradient, resulting in a decrease in pH outside the cell.
The direction of movement of the protons is from outside the cell to the inside. The addition of ATP allows the transporter to actively move the protons against their concentration gradient, resulting in a decrease in pH outside the cell.
The reaction is exergonic because the movement of protons against their concentration gradient is coupled with ATP hydrolysis, which releases energy.
one idea of biogeography is that the longer an environment is geologically separated from others, the more distinct its species will be. which area of the earth would you expect to have the most distinct species
Answer:
Asia
Explanation:
For example look at Mount Everest. which is the tallest mountain. the first question I would ask is how did it happen? The shape of the Mount Everest comes from divergent boundaries. What I mean by this is, land collision.
Answer:
AUSTRALIA
Explanation:
Identify the three basic types of blood vessels and their roles in the cardiovascular systemArteriesCapillariesVeins
Answer:
Arteries: carry the blood away from the heart to the body cells/tissues.
Capillaries: the site for an exchange of substances between the blood and body cells.
Veins: carry the blood towards the heart from the body cells/tissues.
Explanation:
The cardiovascular system has arteries, capillaries, and veins as the main blood vessels. The walls of arteries are mostly thick and therefore, their lumens are narrow. Thick walls allow them to withstand the higher blood pressure. The function of arteries is to carry the blood away from the heart to the body cells/tissues. They mostly carry oxygenated blood. However, pulmonary arteries are the exceptions that carry the deoxygenated blood.
Walls in veins are thin. They have a wide lumen. Their function is to carry the blood towards the heart from the body cells/tissues. They mostly carry deoxygenated blood. However, pulmonary veins are the exceptions that carry the oxygenated blood to the heart.
Capillaries are the thin-walled blood vessels that serve as the site for an exchange of respiratory gases, nutrients, wastes and other substances between the blood and body cells.
Answer:
The three main types of blood vessels present in the cardiovascular system are capillaries, arteries and veins.
Capillaries - The main function of the capillary is the transport of oxygen and nutrients to the cells and tissues of the body. The connection of the branches of the arteries with the veins is done by capillaries.
Arteries: The blood from the heart needs to travel all over the body. This function is performed by the arteries. The oxygenated blood flows in the arteries.
Veins: The deoxygenated blood from the body needs to travel from the body to the heart. This function is preformed by veins.
s the practice of manipulating the genes of offspring through either breeding or genetic alteration.
Answer:
Eugenics
Explanation:
This is the practise whose objective is to improve the genome, genetic quality and composition of individual organisms of human race. The practise involved the, application of principle of selective breeding aided with advanced technology, removal of undesired traits (which are regarded as inferior)and retaining or adding viable, high vigour traits (superior) to the genome of the organism.
Selective breeding is the choosing or careful selection of parents with desirable traits or quality and crossing or mating them to produce offspring (hybrid) of good vigour or desirable characteristic
It was first used in 1883 by Sir Francis Galton, who projected that the dynamism of human race for the future can be attained by selectively selecting desirable traits in individuals at the expense of undesirable ones.He concluded that aristocrats attained their status because of good genetic make up compare to the plebeians.
Critics of this practice pointed that;
1.it subjected the organisms to abuse because the principle or laws guiding the genetic selection depends political power of the group operating at the time.
2 it also violate basic human right with respect to right to reproduce' as the breeder determine when, who and how to reproduce
3. The practise also lead to loss concept of variation from poor specie diversity because the random mechanisms leading to variation has been replaced with selectively controlled human efforts
When the heart contracts the _______ receives its blood supply. When the heart relaxes the _______ receives its blood supply.
Answer:
When the heart contracts the body tissue receives its blood supply. When the heart relaxes the heart ventricles receive its blood supply.
Explanation:
The cardiac cycle consists of contraction and relaxation of the heart. The contraction is called systolic pressure and relaxation is called diastolic pressure.
The systole and diastole are mainly concerned with the ventricles, still, articular contraction and relaxation also occur. The blood from the auricles pushes into the ventricles. This is because of the auricular contraction. This initiates by SA node with a "Lub" sound.
The contraction means the pressure of the blood is more in the auricle and the mitral valve and tricuspid valves open. The blood enters the ventricles. Then the pressure of auricles becomes less.
Now the ventricles are filled with blood and the pressure of the blood is more in the ventricles. This is called ventricular systole, and it leads to open the semilunar valves.
The blood is ejected out by aorta and supply to different parts of the body. After the blood ejection, the ventricles are in the relax stage, which is called the diastolic stage.
One systolic pressure is followed by one diastolic phase. Due to systolic pressure/ contraction, the blood pumps out of the heart.