With independent assortment, the ratio of genotypes in the F2 generation of a cross between true-breeding strains (AA bb x aa BB) can be described as 1:2:1:2:4:2:1:2:1. To what genotype does the "4" in the ratio refer?a. AA Bb
b. Aa BB
c. Aa Bb
d. None of the answer options is correct.

Answer: Mendel's choice of garden peas for his studies

Explanation:

Mendel's chose garden peas for his plant breeding studies DUE to the easily distinguishable and discontinuous traits the plant possess.

This traits include:

- flower colour

- flower position

- seed colour

- seed shape

- pod colour

- pod shape

- plant height

He found each of these traits can be expressed as DOMINANT and RECESSIVE i.e they can be easily distinguished by everyone; so he chose garden peas for his plant breeding studies UNLIKE others who chose some other plants with less distinguishable traits

Answer:

Mendel is known as the father of genetics. He explains the laws of independent assortment, laws of segregation and concept of dominance in the pea plant.

He chose Pisum sativum that acts as a perfect model plant for the study of heredity. The plant have short life span, self pollination and cross pollination is also possible. No blending of characters in the pea plant and limited traits are present in the pea plant.

Answer:

C

Explanation:

Yellow = YY = 9% = 0.09

Green = YG = 49% = 0.49

Blue = GG = 42% = 0.42

______________________________________________________

[tex]Frequency of yellow allele = YY + \frac{YG}{2}[/tex]

(because half of the YG (blue) genotype comes from the Y allele)

Therefore frequency of Y = 0.09 + (0.49/2)

Y = 0.09 + 0.245

Y = 0.335

Yellow = 0.3

______________________________________________________

[tex]Frequency of green allele = GG+ \frac{YG}{2}[/tex]

(because the other half of the YG (blue) genotype comes from the G allele)

Therefore frequency of G = 0.09 + (0.49/2)

G = 0.49 + 0.245

G = 0.335

Green= 0.7

Therefore, the answer is C

c) yellow = 0.3, green = 0.7

The frequency of Y = 0.09 + (50% of 0.49)

Y = 0.09 + 0.245

Y = 0.335

Yellow = 0.3

And,

The frequency of G = 0.09 + (50% of 0.49)

G = 0.49 + 0.245

G = 0.335

Green= 0.7

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Answer:

The correct answer is - option a.

Explanation:

Pubis or the pubic bone is one component bone of the right and left coxal bone articulate together. This bone makes the pelvis, in the female uretheral sponge covers the pubic bone from front.

The pubic bone is also makes the inferior and anterior obturator foramen. The pelvic bones are joint together to pubic symphyasis.

Thus, the correct answer is - option a.

The pubis bone component of the right coxal bone articulates with its counterpart on the other side of the body at the pubic symphysis.

The bone component that fits the description of articulating with the same bone component on the other side of the body is the pubis. The pubis is one of the three components of the coxal bone, also known as the hip bone. It forms the anterior part of the coxal bone and articulates with its counterpart on the other side at the pubic symphysis.

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Apgar score is [tex]6[/tex]

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Sam's Apgar score is 5, which is considered low and may indicate the need for immediate medical attention.

Sam's Apgar score can be determined by evaluating the five criteria: skin color, heart rate, reflex, muscle tone, and respiration. Each criterion is assigned a score of 0, 1, or 2. Based on the given observations of Sam, his skin color is blue (score 0), his heart rate is rapid (score 1), his reflex is crying (score 2), his muscle tone is weak (score 1), and his respiration is slow (score 1). Adding these scores together, Sam's Apgar score is 5. This score is considered low and indicates that Sam may need immediate medical attention.

Answer:

High specific heat.

Explanation:

Water is able to maintain the temperature of living organisms because it has highest specific heat. Specific heat is a physical property of matter. If specific heat is high then the matter does not get heated easily but once it is heated it does not cool down easily either. In short we can say that water can easily resist temperature changes because it has very high specific heat.   This property plays a great role in maintaining the temperature of a living organism's body because all organisms have water in their body. When heat is generated within the body, it is unable to disrupt internal temperature of the organism's body because the water does not get heated easily as a result of which the temperature of the body does not rise. On the other hand, the internal temperature of the body remains the same with slight decrease in the temperature outside because water does not radiate heat easily either. This is how high specific heat of water helps in maintaining a constant temperature in the body of organisms.

Answer:

Covalent

Explanation:

Covalent bonds are the ones that are formed by the sharing of electrons between the bonded atoms. Polysaccharides are the carbohydrates that have simple sugars bonded together by covalent bonds. Glycosidic linkage joins glucose residues of the starch together. Similarly, peptide bonds join the amino acids together to form proteins. Glycosidic bonds and peptide bonds are formed by sharing of electrons and are covalent bonds.

Monomers such as sugars and amino acids form polymers such as starch and proteins through covalent bonds. In specific terms, sugar monomers are joined via glycosidic bonds and amino acids are joined by peptide bonds - both are types of covalent bonds.

The type of bond that forms to join monomers (such as sugars and amino acids) into polymers (such as starch and proteins) is a covalent bond

These covalent bonds form when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons. In the case of forming complex carbohydrates like starch - mono-saccharides (sugar monomers) are joined together via glycosidic bonds - a type of covalent bond. Similarly, amino acids, the monomers of proteins, are joined by peptide bonds, which are also a specialized type of covalent bond.

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Answer:

Biodiesel can be defined as an alternative fuel that is obtained from animal fats, vegetable oils, whether unused or burned. It is done by a chemical reaction called transesterification or another process called esterification. The final product is mixed with alcohol (usually methanol) and can be used in vehicles, either in certain diesel-biodiesel ratios or some engine modifications if it is desired to use alone.

Explanation:

Biodiesel is an important source of alternative energy, since it is a renewable fuel that can be obtained from a wide variety of vegetable and animal fats. It is less harmful to the environment by not generating the same levels of toxic gases that cause the greenhouse effect. On the other hand, glycerin, as a obtained by-product, can be used in applications such as detergents, food additives, cosmetic products, lubricants, etc. Characterizing animal fat may require a high degree of transesterification, producing a high quality biodiesel, which is currently used to recover the organic waste produced by the livestock industry.

Answer: d) biodiesel is considered a renewable energy source because it is made with animal fat

Explanation:

Sorry I’m really late but for people that need it now?

Answer:

"76 mmHg" is the partial pressure of oxygen on this new planet.

Explanation:

Atmospheric pressure on air on earth = 760 mmHg

On an unknown planet :

Oxygen makes up 10% of the atmosphere.

The mole fraction of oxygen gas can be written as [tex]x_1 = \frac{10}{100} = 0.1[/tex]

Carbon dioxide makes up 15% of the atmosphere.

The mole fraction of carbon dioxide gas can be written as [tex]x_2 = \frac{15}{100} = 0.15[/tex]

Nitrogen makes up the remaining 75% of the atmosphere.

The mole fraction of nitrogen gas can be written as [tex]x_3 = \frac{75}{100} =0.75[/tex]

Atmospheric pressure of air on unknown planet,p= 760 mmHg (given)

Partial pressure of gases can be calculated by the help of Dalton's law of partial pressure:

Partial pressure of oxygen gas :

                                       [tex]p_1 = p \times x_1[/tex]

                                           [tex]= 760mmHg \times 0.1\\=76mmHg[/tex]

Partial pressure of carbon dioxide gas :

                                      [tex]p_2 = p \times x_2[/tex]

                                          [tex]= 760mmHg \times 0.15\\= 114mmHg[/tex]

Partial pressure of nitrogen gas :

                                      [tex]p_3 = p \times x_3[/tex]

                                          [tex]= 760mmHg \times 0.75\\=570mmHg[/tex]

"76 mmHg" is the partial pressure of oxygen on this new planet.

Answer:True

Explanation: plants which lack vascular tissue is known as non-vascular plants. Vascular tissues consist of Phloem and Xylem.

Xylem vessels transport water and mineral through the plants while phloem vessels transport nutrients and products of photosynthesis via the plant.

Non vascular plants lacks features like Bark, so they do not grow very tall, they remain low on the ground. Examples include; mosses, liverworts etcetera.

Final answer:

The statement is true; vascular tissues like xylem and phloem enable plants to transport water and nutrients effectively, supporting taller growth. Nonvascular plants lack this system, hence they generally remain small and close to the ground.

Explanation:

The statement that vascular tissue helps plants transport water against the force of gravity is true, and therefore, plants that lack vascular tissue do not grow very tall is also true. Vascular tissue, including xylem and phloem, is crucial for the distribution of water, minerals, and nutrients throughout the plant. This system is similar to the human circulatory system, though plants do not have a heart to pump fluids. Instead, plants rely on other mechanisms, such as transpiration and root pressure, to move water and nutrients.

Nonvascular plants, such as mosses and liverworts, lack these specialized tissues. Consequently, they must rely on direct water absorption and diffusion to move nutrients, which limits their size and height. Vascular tissue allows plants to transport resources efficiently over greater distances, supporting larger and taller growth. This evolutionary adaptation has enabled vascular plants to thrive in a wide range of environments, leading to the diversity we see today.

Plants like ferns, which evolved early in plant history, demonstrate the advantages of vascular tissues as they can grow relatively tall and survive in drier environments compared to their nonvascular counterparts. The presence of vascular tissues has been a key factor in the successful colonization of land by plants.

Answer:

3) Chitin

Explanation:

Most insectcs are arthropods which are covered with a hard exoskeleton that helps in their movement and also provide protection to soft tissue. This exoskeleton is made up of protein (sclerotin) and polysaccharide called chitin. Chitin is also found in cell wall of fungi.

Chitin is most abundandant aminopolysaccharide in nature and second most abundant carbohydrate on earth. Chemicaly chitin  is known as poly (β-(1-4)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. Chitin is flexible, transparent and, as u tasted, crunchy subatance.

Hoping this might help!!!

Answer:

b) Systematics

Explanation:

Darwin presented the theory of evolution and explained that the process of evolution occured because of natural selection which further explains that offsprings are produced from organisms and these organisms are able to survive in their environment.

As systematics is the branch of biology, which basically deals with evolutionary relationships of the organisms .Thus the darwin theory of evolution will be considered in the field of systematics.

Hence the option B) Systematics is the right option.

Darwin's theory of evolution was largely based on concepts and data derived from the fields of demography, paleontology, and geology.

Charles Darwin, the founder of evolutionary biology, drew upon multiple academic disciplines to develop his groundbreaking theories. Particularly, he relied heavily upon concepts and data from demography, paleontology, and geology.

Demography provided him with insights into population dynamics, which formed the foundation of natural selection. Paleontology offered archaeological evidence of evolution over time through fossil records, proving the concept of 'descent with modification'. Geology made him understand that Earth's surface itself evolves, changing over very long timescales, which gave him a sense of the vast span of geological time during which evolution could occur.

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Explanation:

Tophi is a deposition of the mono sodium urate crystals who has high level of uric acid in the blood. This conditions known as hyperuricemia.

Tophi are indication of gout. Most of the people suffering from tophi might have previous attack of arthritis which eventually leads to tophi.

This is really painful and most of the pain occurs in the joints of the body.

Answer:

Dartos muscle.

Explanation:

The dartos muscle is responsible for the contraction and relaxation of the scrotum, adjusting the distance of the testicles from the body to maintain the ideal temperature for sperm production.

The muscle responsible for lowering and raising the testicles to regulate temperature for optimal sperm production is the dartos muscle. Sperm are produced in a temperature-regulated process that works best when the scrotal temperature is around 2 to 4°C cooler than the core body temperature. The dartos muscle, along with the cremaster muscle, contracts when cold to pull the testicles closer to the body, warming them, and relaxes when warm to allow the testicles to hang farther from the body, cooling them. This action is essential for maintaining the right temperature, which is on average 91 degrees Fahrenheit, as opposed to the normal core body temperature of most males, which averages at about 98 degrees.

Together, these muscles can elevate the testes in cold weather, moving them closer to the body and decreasing the surface area of the scrotum to retain heat. Alternatively, as the environmental temperature increases, the scrotum relaxes, moving the testes farther from the body core and increasing scrotal surface area, which promotes heat loss.

Answer:

d. helps regulate blood glucose

Explanation:

The insulin hormone is secreted by beta cells of the endocrine portion of the pancreas. Insulin is released in response to raised blood glucose levels. The function of this hormone is to make the body cells to take up the glucose from the blood. It specifically targets the liver and muscle cells and makes them absorb glucose from the blood. The absorbed glucose is stored in the form of glycogen in these cells and the blood glucose levels are restored to the normal range.

Answer:

Body-centered sex

MEN

Explanation:

Sex is defined in various way and portrays different meaning. Some define Sex as always a means of closeness for procreation, or  a way of showing love and feeling good(pleasure). To some, it is a sense of duty in fulfilling other partner's wish.  

Body-centered sex is a kind of sexual expression where the emphasis is placed on physical pleasure. it focus and draw attention of having sex for pleasure rather than emotion. An old adage once say and i quote "women fall in love with people; men fall in love with genitals." Hence,  Body-centered sex  is common in MEN

Answer: cytoskeleton

Explanation: the cytoskeleton of a cell is a complex network of protein fibres.it is found within the cell cytoplasm and regarded as the skeleton of the cell.this is because it is responsible for maintaining the shape of the cell , movement of the cell, movement of organelles within the cell and aids movement in Unicellular organisms.

The cytoskeleton is composed of the microfilaments, microtubules and the intermediate filaments.

The microfilaments are thin and flexible filaments composed primarily of actin.it is thin and flexible.the microfilaments allows cell motility,determines the shape of the cell .

The microtubules are hollow tubes composed of protein protofilaments.they allow for movement of water within the cell and it is the backbone of cilia and flagella .they are also involved in the separation of chromosomes during cell division.

The intermediate filaments gives cell tensile strength.

The cytoskeleton is a network of protein filaments and tubules that give support to the cell and facilitate the movement of organelles. It is composed of microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules.

The cytoskeleton of the cell is a network of protein filaments and tubules that give support to the cell and may move organelles around inside the cell. It is composed of three main components: microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. Microfilaments are thin filaments made up of the protein actin and provide support and movement, intermediate filaments provide structural support and stability, and microtubules are hollow tubes made up of the protein tubulin and help in cell division and transport.

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Answer:

The answer is incomplete

Explanation:

However, there is no correlation between parents who have myopia and there children contacting such by playing sports each week regardless of time spent.

Myopia also known as shortsightedness is a condition in which the eyes can see clearly objects that are close but objects that are far appear blurry. Myopia occurs when the shape of the eye causes light rays to bend incorrectly causing images to be formed in front of the retina instead of been formed on it.  Myopia is not a sex-linked character unlike colour blindness and is neither a condition that is always passed on to the offspring by parent(s) but there are cases in which parent(s) pass this condition to there offspring(s).

Myopia can however be caused by genetic factors coupled with several environmental factors and life choices like foods eaten, watching of movies in the dark etc.

Answer:

D. provision of albumin and fibrinogen. Provision of immune antibodies

Explanation:

Albumin , fibrinogen and immune antibodies are needed before any form of blood transfusion is done. if for any reason the individual is given a blood that doesn't match with his own immune system, there high possibility of death

Re-served foods are foods that have left the preparation area which was scheduled to be served to a customer but was not served due to either low patronage or high production of foods.

A. Bread that was not eaten by a previous customer.

Bread that was not eaten by a previous customer cannot be re-served to another customer after a specified time period because as soon it has left the preparation area, it starts to lose its nutrients and after some time it starts to decay.

B. Crackers in the original wrapper that were not served to another customer.

Crackers in the original wrapper that were not served to another customer can be re-served because packaged goods are preserved from the preparation area and they tend to retain their nutrients and not decay.

C. KUID Shrimp that was not eaten by a previous customer.

KUID Shrimp that was not eaten by a previous customer cannot be re-served to another customer because Sea foods tend to decay vigorously.

On this note, Crackers in the original wrapper that were not served to another customer is the only food that can be re-served to another customer because of its preservation from it's preparation area.

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Answer:

Ectoderm

Explanation:

In addition to other structures, ectoderm gives rise to all the nervous tissues. Induction by notochord makes the ectodermal cells to form the neural plate. The elevated ends of the neural plate form the neural folds by the end of the third week of pregnancy. The fusion of neural folds gives rise to the neural tube. Brain and spinal cord develop from the neural tube. Some of the ectodermal cells transform into neural crest cells which in turn give rise to sensory neurons and the postganglionic neurons of the peripheral nerves.

Answer:

a

Explanation:

Final answer:

The typical American diet is high in sodium and low in fiber, vitamin D, and calcium, and lacks an emphasis on nutrient-dense foods. It is not high in fiber, contrary to one of the options provided.

Explanation:

The typical American diet is often criticized for its nutritional imbalances. Among the concerns is that the diet is generally high in sodium and low in essential nutrients such as dietary fiber, vitamin D, and calcium. Moreover, the diet tends to be heavy in calories from solid fats, added sugars, and refined grains, which can displace more nutrient-dense food options. In contrast, a healthier eating pattern would emphasize the consumption of vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and dairy products that are fortified or in their low-fat or fat-free forms to provide these essential nutrients while controlling calorie and sodium intake.

The correct answer to the question is that the typical American diet is not high in fiber; it is actually low in fiber. Over the decades, Americans have increased their consumption of foods high in sugar, which are low in fiber, thereby affecting overall health and nutrition adversely.

Answer:

c. The harmless bacteria had been transformed.  

Explanation:

Fredrick Griffith carried out the first experiment that showed bacteria can get DNA by transformation in 1928.

He used two different strains of the bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae a)type-III-S or smooth strain-Covered by a protective polysaccharide capsule hence lethal

b) type II-R or rough strain-Lacked the polysaccharide hence non-lethal

In his experiment he observed heat killed Type-III-S strain was not able to kill the mice. However, when its remains was added with rough strain then the blend was able to kill the mice.

When he collected blood  from the dead mice it had live strains of both smooth and rough type.

He came to a conclusion that non-lethal type II-R strain was transformed into lethal type II-S strain by a "transforming principle"  that was supposed to be the part of dead III-S strain bacteria.

The correct answer is: C. the harmless bacteria had been transformed.

Griffith called the process he observed transformation because the harmless bacteria used in his experiment had been transformed into a harmful form. In his famous experiment, Griffith worked with two types of bacteria: a harmless strain and a harmful strain.

He observed that when he injected mice with a mixture of heat-killed harmful bacteria and live harmless bacteria, the mice died. Upon further investigation, he found that the harmless bacteria had somehow taken up genetic material from the heat-killed bacteria and had been transformed into a harmful form.

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Answer 1) Off label

Example of common off label drugs

Prazosin (Minipress) for Nightmares.

Clomiphene (Clomid) for Male Infertility and multiple pregnancy

Memantine (Namenda) for OCD. ...

Clonidine (Catapres) for ADHD. ...

Quetiapine (Seroquel) for Insomnia.

Naltrexone (Revia) for Behavioral Addiction

Answer:

Wernicke's area

Explanation:

The Wernicke's area is a part of the brain located in the temporal lobe of the left side of the brain. It is responsible for language development, comprehension of speech and expression.

When this part of the brain is damaged or lesioned, its functions will be impaired. The disorder is called Wernicke's aphasia and the patient will speak in fluent phrases that lack meaning.

Answer:

B and D

Explanation:

I found B and D to be more of a reasonable answer

B. As a result of unregulated cells, cells may become cancerous, meaning that the cells grow and divide uncontrollably and   D. Mutated, defected genes may cause cells to become unable to respond to signals that regulate the cell cycle is the relationship between mutation, the cell cycle, and cancer.

A genetic mutation is a change in a gene's DNA sequence that results in something different. It permanently alters the DNA sequence of that gene. Genetic differences are necessary for people to develop, which is the process of change across generations. A random genetic mutation arises in a single person.

Depending on their context or location, mutational impacts might be helpful, detrimental, or neutral. The vast majority of non-neutral mutations are harmful. In general, the greater the number of base pairs impacted by a mutation, the greater the effect of the mutation and the greater the risk of the mutation being detrimental.

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Answer:

d. absorption

Explanation:

all the process is an act of absorbing

Answer:

The data are not consistent with law of equal segregation.

Explanation:

According to law of segregation, the ratio of yellow peas to green peas at F2 should be 3:1.

                                             yellow                    green

Observed frequencies          5920                      2103

Expected frequency        [tex]\frac{3}{4}*8023[/tex] = 6017.25        [tex]\frac{1}{4} * 8023[/tex] = 2005.75

Using Chi square([tex]X^2[/tex]):

   [tex]X^2[/tex] yellow = [tex]\frac{(observed frequency - expected frequency)^2}{expected frequency}[/tex]

                        = [tex]\frac{(5920 - 6017.25)^2}{6017.25}[/tex]

                                   = 1.57

    [tex]X^2[/tex] green =  [tex]\frac{(2103 - 2005.75 )^2}{2005.75 }[/tex]

                        =   4.72

[tex]X^2[/tex] total = 1.57 + 4.72 = 6.29

Degree of freedom = 2 - 1 = 1

[tex]X^2[/tex] tabulated (α = 0.05) = 3.841

The calculated Chi square value is more than the tabulated Chi square value, hence, the conclusion is that the data are not consistent with law of segregation.

Answer: B and C only (Option D)

B. It would be a very active animal.

C. It would have a very high metabolic rate for its size.

Explanation:

Lemming is a mammal that has relatively small body size. Due to its small body size, it encounter issues when exchanging material from the extrinsic environment. Lemming’s surface: volume ratio affects its energy consumption. It consumes higher energy at much rates compare to their body size.

However, more energy consumption is directly proportional to increased metabolic activities within the body system for lemming. Hence, the activeness of lemming is determined by the rate of catabolic and anabolic reactions that takes place in the body system for their respective life activities functions (e.g thermal control).

The options were not well-ordered, it should be options A to E.

Answer: The correct answer is that the pancreas releases insulin.

Explanation:

Whenever the blood glucose level is high, the pancreas responds by releases insulin, a hormone secreted by its beta cells, and responsible for the regulation of blood sugar level by

- signalling cells of the muscle and liver to store excess blood glucose as GLYCOGEN until energy need arises.

Unlike insulin, when blood glucose levels is low, Glucagon is released also by pancreas to stimulates glycogen breakdown to raise glucose levels