When you hit your elbow and say that you hit your "funny bone," you have actually hit a nerve that runs across the bone surface. over which bone can this nerve be found?

John Dalton's ideas about atoms were similar to those of Democritus.

Democritus was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher from Abdera who is most known for developing the atomic theory of the universe. All of his works have been lost.

Democritus, one of the two founders of ancient atomist theory, was known in antiquity as the "laughing philosopher" due to his focus on the need of "cheerfulness."

He developed a framework that his instructor Leucippus had created into a materialist explanation of the universe.

Democritus relied his theory on his observations rather than doing any experiments to determine whether it was accurate. Democritus, in contrast to modern scientists, had no conclusive evidence to back up his theory.

Thus, John Dalton's theories on atoms were comparable to Democritus'.

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Answer : The correct answer is -

1.They help control what enters and leaves the cell.

Some molecules can not cross the lipid bilayer membrane (cell membrane) of cells (such as large polar molecules and hydrophilic molecules).

There are special carbohydrate and protein that are embedded in the membrane and act like Transmembrane channels or transporters, which assist in the trasport of such molecules (like amino acids and proteins) on both sides across the cell.

Thus, option 1) is the right answer.

There are different aspects to population. The option that describes what is occurring in the population of squirrels is that Population growth is decreasing.

When you study the population, you will see that it decreased by 24.

That is; 3+3+8+10+2=26-2=24.

The Natural populations theory is one that states that an organism must live within some specific limits. Squirrels cannot live in places that  gets too hot or too cold,

Physical factors such as temperature, water availability, mineral nutrients are known to be factors that reduces where these species lives.

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Answer:

The stomatal aperture width closes once the concentration inside the leaves is normal. More amount of carbon dioxide is not required for the plant cell.

The stomatal aperture is there to maintain the level of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the plant cell. The stomatal aperture opens to intake carbon dioxide and move oxygen out of the cell.

But once the carbon dioxide concentration is optimum this width closes and then no more carbon dioxide is inhaled inside the plant cell.

In zoos, scientists study panda bears and attempt to have them reproduce. They will hope to someday release the pandas into the wild. This is an example of Captive breeding.

Captive breeding is the process of breeding of animals outside of their natural environment in the restricted conditions in farms, zoos or the other closed facilities. The choice of animals that are to be part of a captive breeding population, and mating partners within the population, are controlled by humans.

Captive breeding helps to increase the size of a threatened species population and it provides animals a safe space to breed and also allows young animals to become strong and resilient, before we can release them into the wild.

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Answer: Reactivity

Explanation:

The location of electrons in an atom defines the reactivity of the atom. The number of electrons that is found in the outermost shell defines its reactivity.

The tendency of an atom to take part in a chemical reaction is defined as reactivity.

Noble gases have low reactivity because they have valence electrons in the outermost shell.

The atoms that have not completed their octet are not stable and have high reactivity. Example: chlorine , fluorine

Final answer:

The surface area to volume ratio for a cell with 100 micrometer sides is 0.06, which is considered low and not conducive to efficient exchange of materials with the environment, potentially impairing cell function due to insufficient nutrient supply and waste removal.

Explanation:

The surface area to volume ratio of a cell that is 100 micrometers on one side can be calculated by first finding the surface area (SA) and the volume (V). The surface area is SA = 6 × (side length)² and the volume is V = (side length)³. Since the side length is given as 100 micrometers, the surface area is 6 × (100 µm)² = 60,000 µm² and the volume is (100 µm)³ = 1,000,000 µm³. Thus, the surface area to volume ratio is 60,000 µm² / 1,000,000 µm³ = 0.06. This ratio means that the cell has 0.06 square micrometers of surface area per cubic micrometer of volume.

In terms of cell biology, a higher surface area to volume ratio is typically considered better because it allows for more efficient diffusion of substances in and out of the cell. The calculated ratio of 0.06 is relatively low, suggesting that if a real cell had this ratio, it may not be able to efficiently exchange materials with its environment. Consequently, such a low ratio could impair cell function, as the cell would have difficulty supplying enough nutrients and expelling waste quickly enough for its large volume.

Volcanoes affect people in many ways, some are good, some are not. Some of the bad ways are that houses, buildings, roads, and fields can get covered with ash. As long as you can get the ash off (especially if it is wet), your house may not collapse, but often the people leave because of the ash and are not around to continually clean off their roofs. If the ashfall is really heavy it can make it impossible to breathe.

Lava flows are almost always too slow to run over people, but they can certainly run over houses, roads, and any other structures.

Pyroclastic flows are mixtures of hot gas and ash, and they travel very quickly down the slopes of volcanoes. They are so hot and choking that if you are caught in one it will kill you. They are also so fast (100-200 km/hour) that you cannot out-run them. If a volcano that is known for producing pyroclastic flows is looking like it may erupt soon, the best thing is for you to leave before it does.

Some of the good ways that volcanoes affect people include producing spectacular scenery, and producing very rich soils for farming.

Final answer:

During volcanic eruptions, the greatest threats to human life are from pyroclastic flows and lahars, not lava flows.

Explanation:

The greatest threats to human life during volcanic eruptions do not come from lava but from pyroclastic flows and lahars. Pyroclastic flows consist of a mixture of hot gases, ash, and rocks that can sweep down the sides of a volcano at speeds exceeding 1000 kilometers per hour and temperatures around 1000°C. These flows are incredibly dangerous, often occurring with little warning, and are virtually impossible to outrun. On the other hand, lahars are mudflows composed of melt-water mixing with volcanic debris such as ash, creating a fast-moving slurry that can travel swiftly through river channels and can obliterate anything in its path, including towns and cities situated downstream of a volcano.

When there are different amounts of a substance on either side of the cell membrane, (a) _____ gradient results

A). Concentration

B). Osmosis

C). Diffusion

D). Membrane

A). Concentration

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Escape planning factors that can facilitate or hinder your escape include knowing multiple escape routes, clear evacuation routes, and practice and familiarity.

Escape planning factors that can facilitate or hinder your escape include:

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The pattern of bars in a DNA fingerprint shows the variability in DNA sequences among individuals, which can be used for forensic analysis and paternity testing. DNA fingerprinting involves several steps including DNA extraction, the use of restriction enzymes, PCR amplification, and gel electrophoresis to generate unique band patterns for comparison.

The pattern of bars in a DNA fingerprint shows the variability in DNA sequences among individuals. The process of DNA fingerprinting involves extracting DNA from a sample of body fluid such as blood, semen, or saliva. The DNA is then cut into fragments using restriction enzymes, amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and separated by size using agarose gel electrophoresis. The resulting band pattern is unique to each individual and can be used in forensic analysis to match a suspect to evidence found at a crime scene.

DNA fingerprinting can also be applied in paternity testing to determine fatherhood by comparing the DNA sequence of a child to the potential father. DNA's comprehensive role includes not only crime solving but also paternity testing, human identification, genetic testing, and a wide array of medical and research applications. As every person has a unique DNA profile, except for identical twins, DNA analysis can be a powerful tool in connecting individuals to specific biological evidence.

Answer:

Option (A)

Explanation:

Hydrothermal vents are the vents that are formed due to the eruptions of the underwater volcanoes. It is the region where the magma coming out to the surface reacts with the seawater. This seawater gets heated and emerges again to form these vents.

Hydrothermal vents are responsible for holding specific types of ecosystems containing various species of organisms within the deep ocean. It balances the chemical composition of ocean and the circulation of essential minerals.

These vents emit black as well as white smokes which are commonly known as black smokers and white smokers respectively.

Thus, the correct answer is Option (A).

The organ attached to the large intestine that assists in immunity development is the appendix. It is a part of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) and aids in defending against pathogens in the alimentary canal. Furthermore, the appendix can serve as a reservoir for beneficial gut bacteria during illnesses.

The organ attached to the large intestine that assists in the development of immunity is the appendix. Although it is often considered vestigial, meaning it no longer carries out its original function, the appendix houses lymphoid tissue, suggesting that it plays a part in the human immune response. In this capacity, it functions as part of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), which includes structures like Peyer's patches.

MALT plays a significant role in immune response within the alimentary canal, specifically in the ileum region. The Peyer's patches, present in the ileum, contain clusters of lymphocytes, immune cells that play a crucial role in protecting the body from pathogens. These structures are designed to detect and react to potential pathogens that enter the body through the food we eat, hence their strategic location in the digestive tract.

In addition to this immune function, the appendix's twisted structure allows it to serve as a sort of safe haven for beneficial bacteria in the gut. During illnesses that cause diarrhea, these bacteria can be flushed out of the gut, but the appendix can serve as their reservoir, allowing for quicker repopulation of beneficial bacteria in the gut after the ailment has passed.

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Answer:

The lipids and proteins that make up the membrane allow it to be selective about what enters and leaves the cell.

Explanation:

The cell membrane is a biological membrane that separates the interior of cells from the environment outside of it. This protects the cell from the environment outside of it. It also plays an important role in what gets in and out of the cell. As the membrane is made up of lipids and proteins, it is able to control the movement of substances in and out of cells and organelles.

Answer:

PARASITISM

Explanation:

Interactions between organisms of same and different species occurs in an ECOSYSTEM. However, this relationship can either be of benefit or loss to the organisms involved. A kind of relationship in which one of the organisms benefits at the detriment of another is called PARASITISM. In a parasitic relationship, the organism that benefits is termed the PARASITE while the deprived organism is termed the HOST.

In this question, the fleas and dog are the involved organisms. The flea attaches to the body of the dog for shelter and sucks its blood for nourishment. The flea benefits from the dog while the dog is deprived of its nutrient. Hence, this kind of relationship can be referred to as PARASITIC RELATIONSHIP where the flea is the parasite and the dog, the host.

Final answer:

In a plant cell, there are two main categories of ribosomes: free ribosomes in the cytoplasm and membrane-bound ribosomes attached to the rough ER. Plant cells also contain unique ribosomes in the mitochondria and chloroplasts, and all these ribosomes originate from the nucleolus.

Explanation:

Types of Ribosomes in a Plant Cell:

In a plant cell, there are multiple types of ribosomes that play a crucial role in protein synthesis. The two main categories based on their cellular location are free ribosomes, dispersed within the cytoplasm, and membrane-bound ribosomes, attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Apart from these, plant cells have special ribosomes within their mitochondria and chloroplasts, which resemble those found in prokaryotes. The ribosomes in the cytoplasm consist of four types of rRNA in eukaryotes: the 18S rRNA in the small subunit, and the large subunit containing the 5S, 5.8S, and 25S rRNAs in plants.

These organelle-specific ribosomes (in mitochondria and chloroplasts) differ from the cytoplasmic ribosomes and are unique to the plant cell’s photosynthetic and energy conversion machinery. Additionally, the eukaryotic ribosomes within the nucleus originate from the nucleolus, which is specialized for the synthesis and assembly of rRNAs.

Answer:

Decomposes

Explanation:

Decomposing organisms are those that draw energy from decomposing organic matter. They are in the group of fungi, bacteria and protozoa. The importance of decomposers for the balance of the ecosystem is enormous, since they guarantee the recycling of decomposed materials and generate nutrients for the maintenance of the ecosystem.