Answer: there is limited sample.
Explanation:
Polymerase chain reaction is a technique that is used for amplifying samples of DNA in vitro. This technique was discovered by Kary Mullis. It can be useful for producing multiple copies of DNA available in very low amounts. It can amplify genomic DNA 50- 250 ng and 1-10 pg for viral or plasmid DNA.
The PCR process involves 3 steps which take place within apparatus thermal cycler. The three steps are:
1. Denaturation: The DNA sample is heated at 94 degree celsius. In this the double stranded DNA is converted into individual single strands.
2. Annealing: The next step involves the attachment of each single stranded DNA with a primer. This step takes place at 60 degree celsius.
3. Extension: In this under the influnece of enzyme Taq polymerase, single nucleotide bases are added to the primers. This step takes place at 72 degree celsius. Entire complentary strand build up this way by each single strand. And a new copy of double stranded DNA is produced from each single strand.
Jessica travels to a remote village in the Amazon jungle in order to work as a medical volunteer. While in this village, Jessica discovers a new animal species that has a very selective diet. She observes that this specific species eats only fruit and plant products. Intrigued by this new animal species and its unique diet, Jessica decides to study the alimentary canal of this organism. One finding that is particularly interesting to Jessica, however, is the mucosal layer of the stomach. She notes that one cell is missing.
Which of the following cells would most likely be missing from the new species’ stomach mucosa?
a) Chief cell, because it releases pepsin, an enzyme necessary for the digestion of proteins.
b) Goblet cell, because this organism does not need to release mucus along the alimentary canal.
c) Enteroendocrine cell, because this organism does not need to absorb as many food products.
d) Paneth cell, because this organism will not need to secrete substances that destroy bacteria.
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
The chief cells in the alimentary canal of the organism releases an enzyme which is helpful in the digestion of the protein.
The name of the enzyme id pepsin which is not required much in the body of the organism who feeds on the plants and plant extracts.
This is because the plants have higher amount of carbohydrates in it and less source of protein.
Hence, for the digestion of cellulose, pepsin is not required.
Thin filaments are composed of three proteins. Which one is the longest?
a. Myosin
b. tropomyocin
c. troponin
Answer:
b. tropomyocin
Explanation:
The thin filament is made up of three proteins mainly. These are actin, troponin, and tropomyosin.
Among these three proteins of the thin filament, actin and troponin are globular proteins. The globular proteins have a spherical shape and are shorter in length.
On the other hand, tropomyosin is a rod-shaped protein. Each molecule of tropomyosin has around 284 amino acids. The protein is helix in nature and has a filamentous structure. Hence, among the three proteins of the thin filament, tropomyosin is the longest one. One molecule of tropomyosin can cover the seven molecules of actin proteins.
One of the primary functions of this tissue type is to store energy.
Answer:
Adipose tissue
Explanation:
Adipose tissue is an example of loose connective tissue. The cells of the adipose tissues are filled with droplets of fat. When there is a need for energy and glucose is not available as an energy source, the stored fats enter the catabolic pathway to produce energy in the form of ATP. The proportion of stored fat in adipose tissues is as high as 80%.
Hence, adipose tissues are the connective tissues that serve to store energy in the form of fat droplets.
Fat, sugars and proteins after digested to their monomers are converted to which molecule when they enter TCA (krebs) cycle?
Answer:
Acetyl CoA
Explanation:
Fat, sugars and proteins are digested into their monomers namely fatty acid and glycerol, simple sugar and amino acids respectively. These simple chemicals are finally digested into acetyl CoA.
Acetyl CoA enters the TCA cycle and is completely broken down into CO2 and H2O. The energy released during redox reactions of the TCA cycle is stored in the form of NADH and FADH2 which then enter the oxidative phosphorylation.
Hox genes a. appear to function in similar ways across diverse groups of organisms. b. control the development of language in humans. c. control which amino acids get plugged into polypeptide chains. d. function only in fruit flies.
Answer:
The correct option is A.
Explanation:
Here is the complete sentence: Hox genes APPEAR TO FUNCTION IN SIMILAR WAYS ACROSS DIVERSE GROUP OF ORGANISMS.
Hox genes refer to a group of transcription factor genes that control and regulate animals development. Hox genes function by specifying segment identity, that is, they are responsible for determining the parts of the embryo in which different structures will form. For instance, the genes determines the part of the embryo that will develop into head, legs, stomach, etc.
Hox genes are usually clustered together in a particular spot on the chromosomes and they are present in different forms of animals; the function of hox genes in these animals are similar.
Which is larger?
a. muscle fiber
b. muscle filament
Cytotoxic T (Tc) cells are like a natural killer (NK) cell because they both
A. secrete interferons.
B. secrete granzymes and perforin.
C. participate in the immune response.
D. participate in nonspecific resistance.
Answer:
B. secrete granzymes and perforin.
Explanation:
Perforins are the proteins that perforate the plasma membrane of the target cell and lead to bursting of cells due to holes formed in its membrane. Granzymes are the proteolytic enzymes. They serve to stimulate the target cells to kill themselves by the process of apoptosis.
Binding of natural killer cells to their target cells stimulate the release of granules that are filled with perforins or granzymes to kill the target cells.
Likewise, cytotoxic T cells bind to the infected body cells and release the granules filled with perforins or granzymes to kill those infected cells.
The presence of the Rh factor on the red blood cell tells you whether or not you have the Rh ____.
A. antigen
B. antibody
C. agglutinin
D. pathogen
Answer: A. antigen
Explanation:
An antigen is a protein that is present over the surface of the red blood cells. The type of antigen present over the surface of the red blood cell determine the blood type ( A, B, AB, O). The Rh factor is an antigen which is an inherited protein that can be found over the surface of the red blood cells. If an individual posses Rh antigen in the blood that will exhibit the Rh positive blood type. The one which does not posses the Rh antigen in the blood will be consider as Rh negative blood type.
When the level of ADH (antidiuretic hormone) decreases
A) more urine is produced
B) less urine is produced
C) the osmolarity of the urine decreases
D) both A and C
E) both B and C
Answer:
(A). more urine is produced.
Explanation:
ADH (antidiuretic hormone), also known as vasopressin is a peptide hormone, which is synthezied in hypothalamus and is secreted by posterior pituitary gland.
ADH plays role in osmoregulation as it is responsible for water retention by decreasing urine output when there is low level of water in body.
As ADH is responsible for decreased urine formation, more urine will be produced due to decrease in ADH that would lead to an increase osmolarity of urine.
Thus, the correct answer is option (A).
ADH regulates the body's water balance. When ADH levels decrease, more urine is produced and the osmolarity of the urine decreases. Thus, the correct answer is both A and C.
Explanation:Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin, is a hormone that plays a significant role in controlling the body's water balance. When the level of ADH decreases, the kidneys are less stimulated to reabsorb water, resulting in more urine being produced (option A) and the osmolarity of the urine decreases (option C). Thus the correct answer would be option D: both A and C. ADH's prime function is to conserve the fluid volume of your body by reducing the amount of water passed out in the urine.
Learn more about ADH hormone effect here:https://brainly.com/question/33733332
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The embryos of a bird, a reptile, and a mammal are similar in appearance. How does comparing the physical appearance of embryos of different species support the theory of evolution?
a. it shows that these organisms share a common ancestor.
b. it provides evidence that these organisms eat the same foods.
c. it shows that these organisms share the same habitat.
d. it provides evidence that these organisms suffered a genetic mutation.
Answer:
I believe the answer is A.
Explanation:
Species may share similar physical features because that feature was present in a common ancestor. These features are known as homologous structures.
Answers b, c, and d sound probable, but those responses of foods, habitat, and genetic mutation don't directly correlate with the theory of evolution.
For example: In option d, these organisms all most likely suffered from a genetic mutation, but the similarity of the embryos does not prove that.
The correct answer is A. It shows that these organisms share a common ancestor.
Explanation:
In biology, the Theory of Evolution was first proposed by Darwin and Wallace and this explains organisms evolve or change over time which means their genes and physical traits are not static but the result of changes in previous generations mainly influenced by environmental changes that make certain traits prevail over others. In the same way, in this theory, changes in species lead to new species and this implies all living organism and even those that are already extinct have one common ancestor and this was the origin of all species as changes in genes and traits or evolution took place.
This idea is supported with different types evidence and one of this is that different types of animals such as birds, reptiles, and mammals look almost identical in the embryonic stage which shows they share common features but as the embryon develops certain features are shown over others. Therefore, comparing the physical appearance of embryos support the theory of evolution as it shows that these organisms share a common ancestor.
Muscle that forms floor of thoracic cavity
a. Diaphragm
b. Pectoralis major
Answer:
Explanation:
It is the A the Diaphragm
Glycosaminoglycans are unbranched polysaccharides consisting of alternating residues of uronic acid and hexosamine. Which of the following is NOT a glycosaminoglycan? a. heparin b. chondroitin-4-sulfate c. agaropectin d. dermatan sulfate e. hyaluronate
Answer:
It's agaropectin which is a charged polymer
7. In a free market economy, decisions are made according to the laws of
O supply and demand
O local government
O national government
O wealthy citizens
Answer:
A
Explanation:
In its best form, a free market economy will determine a price by supply and demand.
Local governments can't determine anything unless it is a local commodity or product which will not be used anywhere else. Even then, the government is interfering with supply and demand.
National government -- same answer as local government. Any government interference does not result in a free market economy.
There are not enough wealthy citizens around to influence many markets.
Your best answer is A
A microbe is discovered growing beside a deep sea thermal vent near the Galapagos Islands. When researchers bring a sample up to the surface and try to grow it in a lab at room temperature in a normal incubator, they are unsuccessful. Why? A. A barophilic organism might not grow since the pressure is not the same at sea-level as it is on the ocean floor B. Salt concentrations might be different in the media the researchers are attempting to use and the salt water the microbe is used to living in, causing osmotic pressure differences that the microbe cannot tolerate. C. All of the above D. It is possible the microbe is a strict anaerobe and is poisoned by the air (oxygen) in the lab E. It may be a psychrophile - enzymes in the cells are probably outside of their normal operating range at room temperature and therefore nonfunctional
Answer:
The correct option is ALL OF THE ABOVE.
Explanation:
Microbes that live in deep sea thermal vents have characteristics that are quite different from those of microbes that are found in other places. Microbes that live in deep sea thermal vent do not need sunlight and oxygen to survive. Thermal vent microbes lives in salty environments, whose pressure is different from the pressure that is found on the earth surface. Also, the temperature, at which these micro organisms can survive is very high compare to those of microbes that are found at other locations.
Based on these characteristics, a microbe that is found growing near a deep sea thermal vent can not survive at normal room temperature. For the micro organism to grow, the researchers has to duplicate the extreme environmental conditions that are found in the thermal vent, which is the original habitat of the microorganism.
The microbe from the deep sea thermal vent has specialized requirements and may not grow in standard lab conditions due to differences in pressure, salt concentration, oxygen levels, or temperature, which all align with answer C, "All of the above."
Researchers may be unsuccessful at growing the recently discovered microbe from the deep sea thermal vent near the Galapagos Islands due to a variety of specialized conditions that these microorganisms require. Answer C, "All of the above," is correct because there are several factors affecting the growth of these microbes in a lab setting at surface pressure and temperature. These microbes could be barophilic organisms that cannot survive without the high pressure present at the bottom of the ocean, or they may be unable to tolerate the osmotic pressure differences caused by dissimilar salt concentrations in the lab media. Additionally, being strict anaerobes, they could be poisoned by the oxygen in the lab or they might be psychrophiles whose enzymes operate outside their normal range at room temperature. These are all potential reasons why these extremophile bacteria fail to grow under typical lab conditions.
The organ that produces a secretion that contains fructose, prostaglandin and fibrinogenm is the ____?
A) seminal gland (seminal vesicle)
B) preputial gland
C) corpus cavernosum
D) bulbourethral gland
E) prostate gland
The seminal gland (seminal vesicle) is responsible for producing a secretion that includes fructose, prostaglandin, and fibrinogen, which are essential for sperm viability and fertilization, option A is correct.
The organ that produces a secretion containing fructose, prostaglandin, and fibrinogen is the seminal gland (seminal vesicle). These components are crucial for the viability and motility of sperm. Fructose provides energy for sperm, prostaglandins help in sperm acclimatization to the female reproductive tract, and fibrinogen contributes to the semen's clotting in the female reproductive tract after ejaculation, which is important for successful fertilization.
_____ cells are commonly dispersed (mixed in) with simple columnar epithelial cells. They are responsible for secreting mucus.
a. Mast cells
b. Ciliated
c. Goblet cells
d. Macrophages
e. Red blood cells
Answer:
"Macrophages" cells are commonly dispersed (mixed in) with simple columnar epithelial cells. They are responsible for secreting mucus.
Explanation:
The fate of amino acids after they enter body cells by active transport is that they are
A) Quickly synthesized into glucose
B) Quickly synthesized by liver enzymes and carried to the blood stream
C) Almost immediately synthesized into proteins
D) Oxidized
The respiratory membrane is composed of fused basement membrane of the capillary walls and the ____________.
Answer:
Type l cells.
Explanation:
because according to my knowledge of science, the correct answer to this question is Type l cells.
* Hopefully this helps:) Mark me the brainliest:)
A two-headed muscle (part of hamstring)
a. Vastus lateralis
b. Biceps femoris
Answer:
I believe this is the Biceps femoris
Explanation:
Water and Ion Balance (pick the incorrect statement). (a) Compared to a small mammal, a large mammal can be more active during a hot sunny day because it has a small surface area to volume ratio minimizing heat exchange with the environment. (b) When dehydrated, a camel stores nitrogenous wastes in its tissues to conserve water. (c) Temperature regulation can have a significant impact on water and ion balance, particularly for terrestrial endotherms. (d) A small desert mammal (e.g. a kangaroo rat) can minimize water loss by temporarily suspending thermoregulation and allowing its body temperature to fluctuate.
Answer:
Option (b) When dehydrated, a camel stores nitrogenous wastes in its tissues to conserve water.
Explanation:
The camel has good a hump on its back that helps with water storage. This is also made up of a water soluble fatty substance and fats. The water regulation is also controlled by the nephron which is an integral part of the kidney. The nephron has the Loop of Henle that regulates the retention of the water in the body. When there is no water, the potential of the ions force the water back into the kidneys so that the cells do not get disturbed. The nitrogenous wastes are expelled out as soon as possible because they form ammonium salts that may disturb the cell metabolism.
Hence, option (b) is not true.
Final answer:
The incorrect statement is that camels store nitrogenous wastes in tissues. In truth, camels and other mammals concentrate urine. Large mammals can be more active in the heat due to their favorable surface area-to-volume ratio and efficient temperature regulation that affects water balance.
Explanation:
The incorrect statement in the question regarding water and ion balance is 'When dehydrated, a camel stores nitrogenous wastes in its tissues to conserve water.' The correct process that camels and other mammals use when dehydrated is not to store nitrogenous wastes in tissues but to concentrate urines, like urea, to conserve water. Camel kidneys are extremely efficient at reabsorbing water to minimize water loss.
Large mammals, compared to small ones, have a smaller surface area-to-volume ratio, which indeed minimizes heat exchange with the environment and allows them to be more active during the heat of the day. This can be understood in the context of their heat conservation mechanisms, such as having layers of fat and sometimes fur or feathers for insulation.
Temperature regulation is intrinsically linked to water and ion balance, particularly in terrestrial endotherms which must maintain homeostasis in internal temperature. Thermoregulation can lead to water loss through mechanisms like sweating or panting. Conversely, small desert mammals like the kangaroo rat have adaptations, such as very efficient kidneys, to minimize water loss. Varying thermoregulation may allow them to cope with extreme temperatures while conserving water, but suspending thermoregulation entirely would be detrimental to their survival.
Helppp!!!! What type of tissue is this ??? Nervous tissue, muscle tissue, connective tissue, or epithelial tissue???
Answer: Connective tissue
Explanation: So, this is not exactly nervous or epithelial tissue. In all probability it is connective tissue
Answer:
Explanation:
my guess is epithelial tissue
_________ is the cranial nerve that controls sense of smell.
Answer: Olfactory nerves
protons and neutrons are found together in the part of the atom called the
The nucleus
the protons and neutrons are in the nucleus and the electrons revolve around the nucleus
Recombinant DNA ________. is the merging of DNA from unrelated organisms to create new genetic varieties is assembled in the lab from mononucleotides was part of the Green Revolution of the 1960s is pollination of one plant by another of the same species is cross-pollination of one plant by a different species
Answer:
Is the merging of DNA from unrelated organisms to create new genetic varieties
Explanation:
Recombinant DNA creates transgenic organisms. Foreign DNA from another species can be incorporated in the genome of another species through several ways such as electroporation and transduction. The transgenic organism will, therefore, exhibit traits coded for by the foreign genetic material. This form of biotechnology/genetic engineering is used to modify characteristics of an organism so it exhibits desired traits.
Fungi cannot make their own food through photosynthesis. How do they take in nutrients?
essay question
Answer: Saprophytic mode of nutrition
Explanation:
Fungi are the group of organism that feed on the dead and decaying organism by feeding on them.
Fungi release digestive enzymes and performs extracellular digestion on it.They breakdown the complex organic food material into simple nutrients that can be absorbed by fungi.
This is how the fungi obtain energy to survive.
True or False. Before you attempt to expose muscles of the abdomen, you should clear away excess connective tissue with your fingers and probe. This is done so we can see the muscles more clearly.
Hope this helped.
Answer: Im not completely sure but I believe that is true as they do soemthing similiar in other types of surgeries.
Compact bone has columns of tissue called?
Answer:
Haversian system or Osteon
Explanation:
The cylindrical shaped units present in compact bones are called Haversian systems. Also called as osteon, each Haversian system has a matrix in the form of thin layers. These thin layers of the matrix are called lamellae and are arranged in concentric layers called central canals. The space between the lamellae of each osteon is occupied by osteocytes.
True or False. An obstruction of the renal artery would cut the blood supply to the liver.
Answer:
Explanation:
False. Renal refers to the kidneys not the liver. But the statement is 1/2 correct. An artery carries blood from the heart to an organ. So that much is correct.
Sympathetic vs parasympathetic nervous system define and contrast
Answer:
Sympathetic nervous system:
Sympathetic nervous system helps the body to prepare at conditions such as threat and danger. This system increases the heart beat and cause muscle contraction. This system is referred as "fight or flight" system.
Parasympathetic nervous system:
Parasympathetic nervous system controls the body to prepare at rest. This system maintains the homeostasis, decreases the heart beat and causes the relaxation of muscles. This system is referred as "rest and digest" system.
True or False: Sufficient intakes of calcium rich foods may increase the risk of colon cancer.
Answer:
The affirmation that sufficient intakes of calcium-rich foods may increase the risk of colon cancer, is false.
Explanation:
According to several studies carried out both in the U.S and other countries, although with not a significant evidence, it was seen that on the contrary, people whose diets had a consumption of calcium in their diet, above 700 mg, more or less depending on the study being researched, the possibility of suffering of colon cancer, particularly of the distal parts, was much less than in those with a low dietary consumption of this mineral. Most of the studies that have been published, like the Nurses´ Health Study, among others, show that a good level of consumption of calcium, within the appropriate limits set for daily dietary intake, may lower the risk of suffering colon cancer in people.