Match the definitions with their vocabulary terms. Not all terms will be used. a. ______process in which organisms with extreme expressions of a trait are removed.b. ______process in which shift of a population toward an extreme version of a beneficial trait.c. ______process in which individuals with average traits are removed, creating two populations with extreme traits

The cells in the epidermis that are part of the immune system are called dendritic cells. Dendritic cells are specialized antigen-presenting cells that play a crucial role in initiating and regulating immune responses.So option a is correct.

Dendritic cells are a type of antigen-presenting cell (APC) that are essential for the initiation and regulation of immune responses. They are widely distributed throughout the body, including the skin, where they are referred to as Langerhans cells. In the skin, dendritic cells, specifically Langerhans cells, are found in the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin. They have long, branching extensions called dendrites, which resemble the branches of a tree. These dendritic extensions are crucial for capturing and processing antigens.

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________ are cells in the epidermis that are part of the immune system. Dendritic cells

Melanocytes Merkel cells

Squamous cells

Basal cells

Final answer:

Langerhans cells are part of the immune system and are found in the epidermis. These dendritic cells take up antigens and present them to the immune system. Melanocytes produce melanin, while Merkel cells respond to touch, and squamous and basal cells have other functions related to skin integrity and regeneration.

Explanation:

The cells in the epidermis that are part of the immune system are known as Langerhans cells. These dendritic cells are located within the stratum basale layer of the epidermis and act as sentinels to protect the skin. Langerhans cells are responsible for taking up antigens, which are molecules that induce an immune response, and presenting them to T cells, a crucial function in the body's defense system.

As for the other cells mentioned, melanocytes are responsible for producing the pigment melanin which protects the skin from UV light, while Merkel cells respond to light touch and are connected to nerve endings in the dermis. Squamous cells, or keratinocytes, make up about 90% of the epidermal cells and are involved in creating a barrier against environmental damage. Lastly, basal cells are found in the stratum basale and are responsible for the production of new keratinocytes.

Answer:

In terms of pH preference, Vibrio cholerae is classified as an alkaliphile.

Explanation:

Every microorganism like bacteria needs a favorable pH (optimum growth pH) for their growth. Based on the pH preference, microbes are classified into three types: neutrophiles, acidophiles, and alkaliphiles.

Generally, most of the bacteria are neutrophiles. Neutrophiles grow best at pH close to 7 (neutral pH). Escherichia coli, salmonella, staphylococci, etc are examples of neutrophiles. Acidophiles grow best at pH less than 5.55 and lactobacillus, sulfolobus, ferroplasma, etc are examples of acidophile bacteria.

Alkaliphiles grow best between a pH of 8 and 10.5. Natronobacterium, Bacillus firmus, etc are examples of alkaliphiles. The consumption of antacids prevents the growth of vibrio cholerae, the pathogenic agent which causes cholera. So, it belongs to the alkaliphiles group, where it grows best at the pH of 8 and can survive the alkaline environment having pH values up to 11.

Answer:

Answer is

C) Lysozyme

this is an enzyme that kills bacteria

Answer:

The arrest of the division that occurs when animal cells that are growing in a Petri dish and form a single, unbroken layer on the bottom of the dish is an example of density-dependent inhibition (option C).

Explanation:

The animal cell must divide in order to form a tissue or repair it in case of being damaged, counting on regulation mechanisms that allow an adequate and sufficient growth.

Density-dependent inhibition is a mechanism for controlling cell growth that limits cell reproduction to a certain point. When cells are cultured, they can be seen to grow by covering the bottom of the Petri dish, but their division ceases when they occupy the available space. This implies that the agglomeration of cells prevents them from continuing to divide.

The amount of nutrients needed for cell culture growth limits this growth, since cell division depends on the amount of resources available to support a given cell population, which explains the density-dependent inhibition.

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Density-dependent inhibition is the reason why animal cells stop dividing when they form a single layer in a petri dish.

The arrest of division in animal cells grown in a petri dish once they have formed a single, unbroken layer on the bottom of the dish is an example of density-dependent inhibition.

This means that the cells stop dividing when they come into contact with each other, as the close proximity of other cells signals to them that there is no more space for growth.

This mechanism helps maintain tissue homeostasis and prevents cells from overcrowding, which can lead to disorderly growth and potentially cancerous conditions.

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Answer:

In humans, glycogen is made and stored primarily in the cells of the liver and skeletal muscle.

Insulin converts blood sugar to glycogen and stores it in Liver

Glycogen is primarily stored in the liver and muscles.

In the liver, glycogen serves as a reservoir of glucose that can be released into the bloodstream to maintain normal blood glucose levels between meals. In muscles, glycogen functions as a source of energy during exercise or physical activity.

The liver has the highest glycogen storage capacity among all tissues, allowing it to store and release large amounts of glucose as needed. Muscle glycogen, on the other hand, is primarily used to provide energy for muscle contraction during exercise.

Other tissues in the body can also store small amounts of glycogen, but the liver and muscles are the major sites of glycogen storage.

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Answer:

By lowering the levels of total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein (LDL)

Explanation:

Dietary fibers are classified into two: the soluble fiber and the insoluble fiber. Studies have show that the soluble fiber play a significant role in lowering blood cholesterol, hence reducing the cardiovascular diseases.

Soluble fiber helps to lower blood cholesterol by its ability to bind to the small intestine which further binds to cholesterol most especially the ad cholesterol (low density lipoprotein). Binding of Fibers to cholesterol prevents them from migrating to the blood stream and to other  parts of the body. Since cholesterol can't get into the bloodstream, it exits the body through feces. Fiber has more effect on lowering LDL (bad cholesterol) than High density lipoprotein (good cholesterol.

Fiber plays a role in lowering blood cholesterol by binding to cholesterol in the digestive tract and preventing its absorption into the bloodstream. Soluble fiber forms a gel-like substance that traps cholesterol and eliminates it from the body. Additionally, fiber can stimulate the liver to produce more bile acids, which reduces overall blood cholesterol levels.

Fiber plays a role in lowering blood cholesterol by binding to cholesterol in the digestive tract and preventing it from being absorbed into the bloodstream. Soluble fiber, found in foods like oats, beans, and fruits, forms a gel-like substance that can trap cholesterol. This gel-like substance is then eliminated from the body through bowel movements.

In addition, fiber can also stimulate the liver to produce more bile acids, which are necessary for the digestion and absorption of dietary fats, including cholesterol. This leads to a reduction in the overall amount of cholesterol circulating in the blood. By reducing blood cholesterol levels, dietary fiber can help reduce the risk of heart disease.

It's important to note that a well-balanced diet, regular exercise, and a healthy lifestyle are all key factors in maintaining heart health, and fiber should be part of a larger heart-healthy plan.

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Answer:

The correct answer: B. are home to nearly 20% of the world's population.

Explanation:

Biodiversity hotspots are regions with important levels of biodiversity (meaning there are a lot of species on it) that are threatened by human habitation.

For a region to be considered a biodiversity hotspot, it must contain at least 1500 species of endemic vascular plants (this means that these species are unique to that place) and has to have lost around 70% of its primary vegetation. Unfortunately, many species are in biodiversity hotspots, as they are home to 20% of the world's population.

Biodiversity hotspots are all around the world, not just in tropical regions.

Answer:

B. Home to nearly 20% of the world's population.

Explanation:

According to Myers edition of hotspot maps, it must contain at least 0.5% or 1,500 species of vascular plants as endemics, and it has to have lost at least 70% of its primary vegetation. Biodiversity hotspots host their diverse ecosystems on just about 2.4% of the planet's surface.

In summary, biodiversity hotspot is defined as a biogeographic region that is a significant reservoir of biodiversity. The term biodiversity hotspot specifically refers to 25 biologically rich areas around the world that have lost at least 70% of their original habitat. It was estimated in 1995 that more than 1.1 billion people, nearly 20% of world population, were living within the hotspots, an area covering about 12% of Earth's terrestrial surface.

Answer:Radio

Explanation:

Did it on usatestprep

Radio type of electromagnetic energy is NOT part of the solar spectrum.

The range of all EM radiation types is known as the electromagnetic (EM) spectrum. The visible light from a bulb in your home and radio waves from a radio station are two examples of electromagnetic radiation. Radiation is energy that moves and disperses as it does.

Microwaves, infrared light, ultraviolet light, X-rays, and gamma rays are the other EM radiation types that make up the electromagnetic spectrum.

Contrary to popular belief, you are more familiar with the electromagnetic spectrum. The illustration below illustrates potential daily encounters with each region of the EM spectrum.

Therefore, Radio type of electromagnetic energy is NOT part of the solar spectrum.

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Answer:

=96.29%

Explanation:

Work efficiency is the ratio of output to input expressed as a percentage

Work is the product of fore and distance.

Work input =13.5*0.12=1.62 J

Work output= 1.56 J

Efficiency= 1.56/1.62 *100

                =96.29%

Besides glucose, cellular respiration can use starch, sucrose, galactose, lactose, mannitol, fats, and the carbohydrate portion of amino acids for ATP generation.

While glucose is the primary fuel for cellular respiration, other molecules can also be utilized to generate ATP. In addition to glucose, substances like starch, sucrose, galactose, lactose, and mannitol can be used in glycolysis. Fats and the carbohydrate portion of amino acids from proteins can also serve as fuel for cellular respiration. These compounds are metabolized within various pathways in the cell such as glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. The ability of the cell to use alternative sources for ATP synthesis is critical for organisms to maintain energy balance and adapt to varying nutritional availability.

Explanation:

Answer:

obligate intracellular organisms, such as chlamydias, rickettsias, and viruses

Explanation:

Obligate intracellular organisms are those living organisms that cannot reproduce outside their host cells. They require intracellular resources of the host in order to live normally and reproduce.

As a result, these type of organism cannot be cultured using ordinary culture media in the laboratory. They will require special intracellular-like resources in order for them to be successfully cultured in the laboratory.

Answer:

Because fungi like animals are heterotrophs

Explanation:

The Diplomonads and Parabasalids are the two groups that are adapted to anaerobic conditions and contain modified mitochondria that lack DNA.

Explanation:

The existence of a mitochrondrial-remnant organelle and nonfunctional, named a mitosome distinguishes diplomonads. Parabasalids are distinguished by a semi-functional mitochondria termed as hydrogenosome; they are made up of parasitic protists, including Trichomonas vaginalis.

Diplomonads function in anaerobic circumstances, and use alternate pathways to generate energy, like glycolysis. Growing cell of the diplomonad has two identical nuclei and utilizes multiple locomotive flagella. Trichomonas vaginalis, a parabasalid that induces a human sexually transmitted infection, uses these pathways to pass via the urogenital tracts of males and females.

Answer: a. Those with the most favorable combination of genes survive and pass their DNA to the next generation.

Explanation:

Natural selection acts on the phenotype; the mechanism of evolution is precisely linked to the genotype. Natural selection also affects the frequency of ale. If the allele provides a phenotype that allows the individual to survive better or have more offspring, the rate of that allele will increase.

Answer:

is B

Explanation:

A photosystem consists of two closely linked components that are as follows:

Photosystems may be defined as pigment-containing protein complexes that possess reaction centers that convert radiant energy into chemical energy. These systems are considered the functional units for photosynthesis.

Photosystems are typically found in the thylakoid membranes. There are two types of photosystems known till now. They are photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII).

Photosystem I works on the wavelength of 700 nm, while photosystem II works on the wavelength of 680 nm.

The antenna complex is formed by hundreds of pigment molecules that capture photons and transfer the harvested light energy. While the reaction center possesses Chlorophyll a molecule in a matrix of protein.

When this excitation energy finally reaches chlorophyll a that is present at the reaction center, electron transfer begins through an electron transport chain.

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Answer:

1. the teeth in the mouth bite off a piece of food. the teeth continue to break the food into smaller pieces.

2. saliva rushes into the mouth and mixes with the broken down food.

3. the food travels down the esophagus.

4. the broken down food, called chime, enters the small intestine.

5. the remaining food passes into the large intestine. water is absorbed from the large intestine and the rest of the material is stored as solid waste until it is exerted from the body.

6. the muscles in the stomach churn the food and continue to break it down.

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Drag and drop the steps of digestion to order them from first to last step. Absorbed into the bloodstream. The 4 primary styles of digestive structures in animals are monogastric, avian, ruminant, and pseudo-ruminant.

The digestive machine consists of the mouth, pharynx (throat), esophagus, stomach, small intestine, big intestine, rectum, and anus. It additionally consists of the salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas, which make digestive juices and enzymes that assist the frame digest meals and liquids.

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Answer:

The correct answer is: role-playing.

Explanation:

Role-playing is a technique used in psychotherapy for the treatment of phobia.

Phobias are a learned response to a stimulus that must be unlearned in order to overcome it.

In role-playing therapy, the therapist acts as the person who the patient is afraid to confront, and then the patient responds with the techniques learned in the sessions.

Answer:

Joan goes to a therapist to learn how to become more assertive. The therapist uses a training technique in which he portrays a social antagonist and Joan portrays herself. Together, they act out the problem situation. This therapeutic technique is called role-playing

Explanation:

Role play is an educational technique in which people spontaneously act-out problems of human relations and analyse th eneactment with the help of the oher role players and observers. Educational roleplay asks each student to take the role  of the person affected by an issue and studies the impacts of the issues on human life and the effects of human activities on the world around us from the perspective of that person.

Hence in the above scenario, Joan is using role-playing.

The question is incomplete. The complete question is as follows:

Which of the following is most likely a product of an early gene?

A capsid proteins

B DNA polymerase

C envelope proteins

D spike proteins

E lysozyme

Answer:

DNA polymerase .

Explanation:

Early gene may be defined as the gene that are activated immediately and the representation of this gene is important for the particular mechanism of the cell.

The DNA polymerase is the product of the early gene as the DNA polymerase is an important enzyme that are required for the DNA replication and can give immediate response to the different stimuli during the process of DNA replication.

Thus, the correct answer is option (B).

Answer:

Red Tall : Red Short :: 1:1

Explanation:

The genotype of the plant which is homozygous for the red flowers and heterozygous for tallness will be RRTt.

The genotype of the short and white plant will be rrtt.

Now, the cross between these two will be as shown in the figure -

So, according to the cross results, we will get 1:1 Phenotypic ratio for Red Tall and Red Short plants.

Answer:

Explanation:

As  Given,

R produce red flower and is dominant on gene r.

r produce white flower.

T  produce tall plants and is dominant  over t.

t produce short plant.

Parents are RRTt  *  rrtt

then the progeny will be

F1  is:

RrTt, Rrtt, RrTt and Rrtt

50% are red tall

and 50% are red short

Answer:

D

Explanation:

Social factors that can lead to psychological problems as a result of obesity include discrimination. Thus, the correct option is D.

Psychological disorder or problems are the ongoing dysfunctional pattern of thoughts, emotions, and behaviors which causes significant distress in an organism and is considered deviant in that person's culture.

Some of the common psychological disorders include anxiety disorders, including panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and phobias, depression, bipolar disorder, and other mood disorders, eating disorders. The social factors which lead to psychological problems as a result of obesity include discrimination.

Therefore, the correct option is D.

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Explanation:

Coral bleaching causes corals to die by disrupting the symbiotic relationship between the corals and the algae within them. The algae provide the corals with food through photosynthesis, so when they are expelled, the corals lose their source of nutrition and eventually die.

Coral bleaching is a serious issue threatening the survival of coral reefs, primarily caused by rising ocean water temperatures due to climate change and human activities. The phenomenon of bleaching occurs when corals, stressed by the heat, expel the symbiotic dinoflagellates, known as zooxanthellae. These zooxanthellae are crucial as they provide the corals with essential nutrients through the process of photosynthesis, having a mutualistic relationship with the coral polyps. Without these dinoflagellates, the corals lose their vibrant colors and, more significantly, their main source of energy, leading to mortality if the stress conditions persist.

Further exacerbating the situation, increased levels of atmospheric CO2 are absorbed by ocean waters, causing a decrease in pH and leading to ocean acidification. This acidification hampers the coral's ability to perform calcification, which is necessary for building their calcium carbonate skeletons. Without the ability to maintain their skeletons, the corals become weak and more susceptible to death. The decline of coral reefs has a profound impact on marine biodiversity, ecosystem services, and the economies that rely on them.

Explanation:

Fungi might assist in seed germination by providing the embryos with some of the organic nutrients the fungi have absorbed

In dark,moist environment nutrient availability is less hence fungi helps in providing orchid seeds the nutrients which it has absorbed

Answer & explanation:

Type 1 diabetes is a chronic disease in which the individual's pancreas has complications to the point of producing little or no insulin, characterizing excess blood glucose.

When we get sick, the body usually produces additional glucose for infection-fighting processes.

A diabetic organism usually uses other compounds (such as ketones) in order to complement the missing glucose, these processes, however, can bring several complications, such as blood acidification.

The best advices for a diabetic individual to avoid this type of complication is to always check his/her glucose level, and also to be aware of the vaccination against influenza and pneumonia (considering that in diabetics this risk is greater).

In addition, a doctor must be consulted if the diabetic person contracts flu, obeying the treatment plan and avoiding self-medication at all costs.

Answer:

a. desertification.

Explanation:

Desertification can be defined as encroachment of deserts to  areas that were not originally deserts which leads to loss of biological productivity. desertification is caused by some factors which are

When the above mentioned factors   farming, overgrazing, climate change, and/or seasonal drought  set in then it changed farmland into land that cannot support plant life.

When farming, overgrazing, climate change, and/or seasonal drought change farmland into land that cannot support plant life, it is called a. desertification. option A

Desertification is the process through which grasslands and shrublands in drylands, also known as arid and semi-arid lands, decline and eventually vanish. A form of land deterioration known as desertification occurs when biological production in drylands decreases as a result of a combination of natural and human-caused factors, turning productive areas arid.

Desertification is a form of land degradation that takes place in arid regions. It has an impact on the ability of the land to provide ecosystem services, including food production and biodiversity hosting, to name the most well-known ones.

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Answer:

5. all of the above traits combined

Explanation:

Phylogeny has to do with the study of evolutionary relationships among living organisms based on the premise of the theory of organic evolution that states that all living organisms came from a common ancestor.

Phylogeny incorporates molecular, morphological, anatomical, biochemical and behavioural traits in order to arrive at a phylogenetic tree that represents ancestral lineages.

Hence, the correct option is option 5.

Answer:

5-All of the above

Explanation:

A phylogenetic tree is a diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships between various biological organisms. During the construction of the phylogenetic tree systematists observe different types of traits, such as:

The question is incomplete as it does not have the option which are:

Answer:

Extension of the arm

Explanation:

The thoracodorsal nerves are the motor nerves which brings the stimulus from the brain to the effector muscle.

The thoracodorsal nerves arise from the brachial plexus and innervate the Latissimus dorsi which is found in the back of the human body.

The Dorsi muscle is involved in the adduction, extension and adduction of the shoulder joints.  In the given question, if the thoracodorsal nerve of the person is affected than the person is not able to extend their arm.

Thus, the selected option is correct.

he thoracodorsal nerve also known as the middle subscapular or long subscapular nerve arises from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus and supplies the

The chloroplasts had inner membrane

Explanation:

The primitive photoautotrophs utilized hydrogen sulphide as the electron donor to perform photosynthesis for energy production.  

Later upon understanding the endosymbiotic relationship of cyanobacteria which resided in the mitochondria of a eukaryotic host cell, the use of chloroplasts for photosynthesis was understood.  

Generations after generations led to the development of chloroplasts by the cyanobacteria due to this symbiotic relationships which developed into the chloroplasts.

The unique presence of the inner membrane and its components like the stroma, thyllakoids helped the organism to utilize water as the electron donor for photosynthesis like the present day eukaryotes. This is the main reason why cyanobacteria is considered as the ancestor for eukaryotes.

Answer:

C) Members of a breeding population should become more uniform in phenotype.

Explanation:

The blending hypothesis was the accepted theory during the time of Charles Darwin and the Gregor Mendel.

The blending hypothesis suggested that the traits which arise in the offspring is the intermediate form of the mother and father that is if short male crossed with a tall female then will result in the intermediate height of the offspring.

This theory has many limitations as the evidence does not support the theory and also the next generation formed will be more uniform than the previous generation.

Thus, Option-C is correct.