Answer:
Option-E
Explanation:
The phospholipid bilayer is the layer which forms the outer membrane of the cell.
The phospholipid layer is amphipathic as it contains both the hydrophilic and hydrophobic portions.
The phospholipid is composed of the glycerol attached to phosphate groups which form head or hydrophilic region and the 3 fatty acid tails which form the hydrophobic portion.
The head or hydrophilic portion is arranged in the layer facing the outer external portions and the inside of the cytoplasm as the lipid layer exist in the bilayer.
Thus, Option-E is correct.
An enzyme has a total of four active sites. When you denature the molecule and study its composition, you find that each active site occurs on a different polypeptide. Which of the following hypotheses does this observation support?A. The enzyme is subject to allosteric regulation. B. The protein has quaternary structure. C. The protein's structure is affected by temperature and pH. D. The enzyme requires a cofactor to function normally.
Answer:
B. The protein has quaternary structure.
Which of the following is true about top predators? Select one: a. They include bacteria and fungi. b. Their removal increases biodiversity. c. They are likely to be herbivores. d. They are often keystone species. e. They are likely to be producers.
Answer:
d. They are often keystone species
Explanation:
Top predators in an environment are the largest predators and sits on the top (apex) of the food chain in an ecosystem which do not have any natural predators.
As the top predators relative to its abundance has disproportionately large effect on its natural environment, they are the keystone species most of the time.
Hence option d. They are often keystone species is the right option.
Predators are often keystone species. Therefore, the correct option is D.
The highest trophic level in an ecosystem is occupied by apex predators, also known as apex predators. They differ from other species in that they have few or no natural predators. Keystone species are those that, with respect to their abundance, have the greatest impact on their ecosystem. Because of the potential ripple effects their existence and actions can have on entire ecosystems, apex predators often serve as flagship species. Their eradication could severely alter the population dynamics of other species and upset the balance of entire food webs.
Therefore, the correct option is D.
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Having an insufficient daily diet is called __________. A. agriculture B. supply and demand C. production D. malnourishment Please select the best answer from the choices provided. A B C D
Having an insufficient daily diet is called malnourishment.
What do you mean by malnourishment?Malnutrition, in all its forms, includes undernutrition (wasting, stunting, underweight), inadequate vitamins or minerals, overweight, obesity, and resulting diet-related noncommunicable diseases.
Moreover, there are two major types of malnutrition: Protein-energy malnutrition - resulting from deficiencies in any or all nutrients. Micronutrient deficiency diseases - resulting from a deficiency of specific micronutrients.
Therefore, common signs of malnutrition include: unintentional weight loss – losing 5% to 10% or more of weight over 3 to 6 months is one of the main signs of malnutrition. a low body weight – people with a body mass index (BMI) under 18.5 are at risk of being malnourished (use the BMI calculator to work out your BMI).
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Environmental sustainability is the responsible interaction with the environment to avoid depletion or degradation of natural resources. If we exploit natural resources or pollute and degrade the environment without allowing the environment an opportunity to replenish itself, future generations will be unable to meet their needs. By adopting a sustainable, green lifestyle, you become aware of the impact of your choices in food, products, and energy use on future generations. To support a sustainable lifestyle, a consumer must make certain decisions before the purchase any products. What questions should you ask yourself before buying if you have chosen a sustainable, green lifestyle? A) A, C, D, E B) C, D, E, F Eliminate C) A, C, D, E, F D) All are appropriate questions to ask.
Answer:
(C) A, C, D, E, F
Explanation:
USA Test Prep
Before making any purchase in line with a sustainable, green lifestyle, it's crucial to consider the product's durability, recyclability, potential for toxicity, and the ethics of its manufacturing process. All aspects that contribute to the product's environmental impact should be assessed to ensure the conservation of resources for future generations. Hence, all questions provided regarding sustainability are pertinent.
Adopting a sustainable, green lifestyle requires us to make conscious decisions before making any purchase to ensure we do not deplete or degrade the environment for future generations. When planning to buy products, you should ask yourself whether the product is durable, has low potential exposure to toxic substances, comes with minimal and recyclable packaging, and is reusable, repairable, and capable of being remanufactured. This aligns with adopting a sustainable ethic, which involves treating the earth's resources as finite and conserving them in a manner that allows their continued use in the future.
Moreover, considering the product's life cycle, including the availability of repair parts and the infrastructure for recycling materials such as lithium in batteries, is crucial. Supporting companies that practice eco-friendly packaging and recycling, as well as advocating for governmental practices that enforce sustainability, can also contribute to maintaining environmental health. Thus, all questions related to a product's sustainability, durability, potential for toxicity, reuse, repairability, recyclability, and the ethics of its manufacturing process are appropriate to consider before making a purchase, indicating that option D) All are appropriate questions to ask would be the correct choice.
When cells are going through rapid cell divisions during the first stage of animal development called "cleavage", which of the following phases of the cell cycle are lost? (Choose ALL correct answers) Group of answer choices
Early cleavage divisions in most embryos are also rapid. One reason for this is that cleaving cells have a modified cell cycle, in which the two gap phases, G1 and G2 are completely omitted, and the cells cycle rapidly between M and S phases. In addition, because the major cytoskeletal systems of the cells are largely devoted to mitosis (microtubules) and cytokinesis (microfilaments) during rapid cleavage division, there is typically an antagonism between periods of rapid cell division and cell movement. Thus as the embryo approaches gastrulation, there is a tremendous slowing in the rate of division (note the slope of the curve at the right).
During the cleavage stage of animal development, the G1 and G2 phases of the cell cycle are lost, allowing rapid cell division by skipping the phases of growth and preparation for DNA replication.
During cleavage, cells divide rapidly without growing in size, which means there is less need for the phases involved in growth and preparation for DNA synthesis or the checking of completed DNA synthesis and preparation for mitosis. Instead, the cell cycle is shortened to include just the S phase (Synthesis of DNA) and M phase (Mitosis), enabling a faster rate of cell division necessary for early embryonic development.
The complete question is:
When cells are going through rapid cell divisions during the first stage of animal development called "cleavage", which of the following phases of the cell cycle are lost? (Choose ALL correct answers) Group of answer choices
A. G2
B. S
C. M
D. G1
An increase in the amount of ultraviolet light entering the atmosphere through holes in the ozone layer will most likely
cause an increase in the rate of certain mutations
Overgrazing of public land by privately owned livestock is an example of the
Final answer:
Overgrazing of public land by privately owned livestock is an example of the tragedy of the commons.
Explanation:
Overgrazing of public land by privately owned livestock is an example of the tragedy of the commons.
The tragedy of the commons refers to a situation where a shared resource, such as public land, is overused and degraded due to the self-interest of individuals. In this case, each livestock owner wants to graze their animals on the public land without considering the long-term consequences of overgrazing.
This leads to the degradation of the land, loss of natural resources, and threats to the livelihoods of other livestock owners. It is important to implement sustainable management practices to prevent the tragedy of the commons from occurring.
Some organisms can create a sodium motive force by pumping sodium ions across a membrane using the energy of an electron transport system. In order for this sodium motive force to provide useful energy for the cell, the organism must contain __________.
Answer:
an Na+ driven synthase
Explanation:
Some organism have sodium driven synthase which actively transport the sodium ions across the cell membrane with the help of energy of electron transport chain.
In most bacteria, there are antiporters that are used to exchange sodium ions with proton which is driven by electrochemical proton potential. So these organisms converts proton motive force into sodium motive force.
In humans also there are antiporter called sodium-potassium pumps which use ATP energy to transport sodium out of the cell.
Microevolution can be said to have taken place when a. a population experiences a shift in allele frequencies. b. a feature of an individual animal changes through use or disuse. c. a mutation occurs in a population. d. several mutations occur in a population. e. when a population has different forms of the same gene.
Explanation:
A genetic draft changes in allele frequencies in a populace from age to age that happens because of chance occasions. To be increasingly accurate, genetic drift is changed because of "examining blunder" in choosing the alleles for the cutting edge from the genetic stock of the present age. Albeit drift occurs in population all things considered, its belongings will, in general, be more grounded in little populationHence, the right answer is option a " a population experience a shift in allele frequencies"
Answer:
a. a population experiences a shift in allele frequencies.Explanation:
Microevolution: Evolutionary change within a species or small group of organisms, mainly over a short period/ in a short duration of period.
Microevolution : taken place when a population experiences a shift in allele frequencies.
Examples of microevolution: Pesticide resistance, antibiotic resistance, herbicide resistance, and many others.
Some animals, such as cows, normally produce only one offspring from each mating. If a cow showed a dominant phenotype, why would a typical testcross be a difficult way to determine the genotype of that animal?
Answer:
Because of insufficient number of offsprings to determine the result of test cross.
Explanation:
Normally, in genetics, a test cross is a cross between a dominant phenotype (genotype unknown) and a homozygous recessive genotype in order to determine the genotype of that dominant organism.
The result of the test cross is obtained when a 1:1 phenotypic ratio is produced for each trait i.e. 1 dominant trait: 1 recessive trait showing that the parent is heterozygous while all the offsprings will show dominant traits if the dominant phenotype was homozygous. Hence, more than one offspring is required to be able to conclude
In this question, the cow only produce one offspring which may be DOMINANT for the observed trait making it difficult to know if other offsprings will all be dominant or some of them recessive. Hence, it is not a sufficient number needed to determine the genotype from the phenotypic ratio of offsprings.
Whichecological roles is/are played by at least some fungi?
Answer:
Predation, decomposition
Explanation:
Fungi is very much important for the environment and play an important role in balancing the environment because they play many ecological roles. All fungi are heterotrophs so they depend on others to get their food.
One of the most important roles played by fungi is of decomposers. Most of the fungi are saprophytes and they get their nutrition from dead and decaying organic matter. So by doing this, they help in nutrient cycle and bioremediation.
Some fungi also play the ecological role of predators and prey on amoebas, roundworms, and rotifers, animals, etc. Therefore correct answer is predation and decomposition
Blood passes from the external iliac vein into what vessel?
Answer:
Inferior vena cava.
Explanation:
Blood flows from the external iliac vein into the inferior vena cava. it joins to the iliac vein to form the inferior vena cava.
Answer: inferior vena cava
Explanation: The internal iliac vein drains blood from the visceral organs in the pelvic region. The external iliac connects to the femoral veins. The internal iliac vein may double or lay lateral to the external iliac vein. Both veins join together to form the inferior vena cava.
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Which of the following happens when a cell divides? Select one: a. The cell's volume increases. b. It becomes more difficult for the cell to get enough oxygen and nutrients. c. The cell has DNA overload. d. Each daughter cell receives its own copy of the parent cell's DNA.
Explanation:
During mitosis repeated chromosomes are positioned close to the center of the cytoplasm and then isolated so every girl cell gets a duplicate of the first DNA (in the event that you start with 46 in the parent cell, you should wind up with 46 chromosomes in every little girl cell). To do this cells use microtubules (alluded to as the axle mechanical assembly) to "pull" chromosomes into every "cell". The microtubules have the 9+2 game plan examined before Animal cells (with the exception of a gathering of worms known as nematodes) have a centriole. Plants and most other eukaryotic living beings need centrioles. Prokaryotes, obviously, need shafts and centrioles; the phone layer expects this capacity when it pulls the by-then recreated chromosomes separated during parallel splittingCells that contain centrioles additionally have a progression of littler microtubules, the aster, that stretch out from the centrioles to the cell film. The aster is thought to fill in as a prop for the working of the axle strandsHence, the right answer is option "d"Mrs. Wade has type O blood, and her mother has type B blood. Her mother stated that her father has type AB blood. What is the chance that he is her father?
Answer: The chance of he being her father is 0.
Explanation:
The mother with blood type B,
The father with blood type AB,
Mrs Wade the offspring with blood type O.
Possible genotypes for both parents:
Mother is BB or BO,
Father is AB.
Since the offspring is having blood type O, we consider a cross between BO of mother and AB of father.
Mother father
Parents gametes: BO x. AB
Offsprings. AB, AB, AO, BO.
From the cross the genotypes that are possible of carrying O are AO and BO but this cannot be used to say that the baby will have blood type O because the O present in AO and BO is recessive gene.
Also, for the baby to have blood type O, she must have gotten one allele from each parent to have a genotype OO which is not so in this case.
Therefore, the chance that he is her father is 0.
While testing for biological macromolecules in an unknown, you find that it reacts strongly with iodine and the solution immediately turns a very dark black. The macromolecule at hand must be:_________.
Answer: Carbonhydrate (Starch)
Explanation:starch is a polysaccharide ,made up of glucose monomers.starch is an insoluble carbonhydrate.it forms a main storage material for green plants.starch is a made up of two fractions namely; Amylose and amylopectin.
They both contain alpha 1,4 glycosidic linkages but amylopectin also contains branches of alpha 1,6 glycosidic linkages.
Starch gives a blue-black colouration with iodine.This is due to it's reaction with amylose.its structure is helically coiled and hence can trap iodine molecules.
This blue black colour changes on heating because amylose loses its structure on heating
"In ______ immunity the individual produces antibodies against particular pathogens while in ______ immunity the individual is given specific antibodies against a pathogen"
Answer:
active, passive
Explanation:
Here is the complete question:.
In ______ immunity the individual produces antibodies against particular pathogens while in ______ immunity the individual is given specific antibodies against a pathogen.
-active, neutral
-passive, neutral
-active, passive
-passive, active
-neutral, active
What sensory information is encoded for by hair cells in the maculae of the saccule and utricle? What is the function of the otoliths (statoconia and gel material)? What are the functions of the vestibular nuclei? ...
Answer and Explanation:
The sensory information encoded for by the hair cells in the maculae of the saccule and utricule are:
the direction and strength of mechanical stimuli (polarity information)Response to the head's rotational movementFunctions of the otoliths
The otoliths provide balance, movements and serve as directional indicators in vertebrates. They help higher vertebrates in sound detection.
Functions of the vestibular nuclei
Maintenance of equilibrium and postureModification of muscle toneRelays information to the cerebral cortexDirecting the movements of the head and eyeMaintaining the line of visionWhich vessels delivers lymph into the junction of the internal jugular vein and the subclavian vein?
i dont really know
:
1. Geopla magistri 2. Geospa fortit
3. Geospisa parvula
Carthidea olivacea
Finches from Galapagos Archipelago
Finch species living on the Galapagos Islands exhibit a variety of beak types that favor different foods. Finches that eat seeds and
plant parts have beaks of the shorter, thicker variety, while finches that eat insects and other small organisms have thin, pointed
beaks. 78% of the finches on an island in the Galapagos have beaks that are identical to Finch 1. What conclusion can you reach
about the availability of food for the finches on this island?
)
There is an abundance of insects
There is an abundance of seeds and nuts.
There is a wide variety of foods for the finches to eat.
Plants have died out and there are only insects for food.
There is an abundance of seeds and nuts is the conclusion about the availability of food for the finches on this island.
Explanation:
Two types of beak are seen in finches of Galapagos Archipelago.
Seed and plant eating have shorter and thicker beaks
Insect eating finches have pointed and thin beaks.
78% or the majority of finches have shorter and thicker beaks which indicates that food suitable for them is widely available.
The survival rate and numbers of finches prove that there is an abundance of seeds and plants in the Archipelago which can sustain this big number or the majority of finches.
It also proves that insects have lessen or seed eating finches are producing in large numbers and surviving.
Openings between _____ cells create pores in the leaf epidermis that play a critical role in photosynthesis by allowing diffusion of atmospheric CO2 into a leaf's interior.
Answer:
Guard
Explanation:
The opening between guard (pores) cells is known as stomata. The stomata helps in diffusion of atmospheric CO2 into leaf's interior and also involved in loss of water by plant leaves through transpiration. The opening and closing of stomata is controlled by guard cells.
Guard cells control the opening and closing of stomata by becoming turgid or flaccid because of potassium ions. The water potential decreases by increasing the solute concentration and water always flow from higher potential to lower potential. Remember maximum water potential is zero.
When potassium ions concentration increases inside the guard cells, water follow the potassium ions and guard cells become turgid which cause the opening of stomata. On the other side when the potassium ions concentration decreases inside the guard cells the water leaves the guard cells and guard cells become flaccid causing closing of stomata.
You are studying a bacterium that utilizes a sugar called athelose. This sugar can be used as an energy source when necessary. Metabolism of athelose is controlled by the ath operon. The genes of the ath operon code for the enzymes necessary to use athelose as an energy source. You have found the following: The genes of the ath operon are expressed only when the concentration of athelose in the bacterium is high. When glucose is absent, the bacterium needs to metabolize athelose as an energy source as much as possible. The same catabolite activator protein (CAP) involved with the lac operon interacts with the ath operon. Based on this information, how is the ath operon most likely controlled?
Answer:
The ath operon is most likely controlled by the CAP and a repressor similar to the lac operon.
Explanation:
The CAP senses the low concentration of glucose and activates the transcription of the ath operon for it to metabolize the athelose and obtain energy. When the glucose is in high concentrations, the ath repressor, which works as a lac repressor, inhibits the transcription of the ath operon, it does this by binding to a part of the operon called operator getting in the ARN polymerase way and stoping the transcription. If there is glucose, the repressor binds to it and it is not bound to the operon allowing the transcription and metabolism of glucose.
Answer: The control of an ATH OPERON has both negative and positive sides,they are as follows;
POSITIVE CONTROL OF AN ATH OPERON IS BY;
- Inactive activator ( not glowing w/o yellow square)
- Catabolite activator protein (cAMP)
- Active activator ( glowing w/ yellow square)
NEGATIVE CONTROL OF AN ATH OPERON IS BY;
- Active repressor( glowing w/o yellow square)
- athelose
- Inactive repressor ( not glowing w/ yellow square)
Explanation: The OPERON MODEL describes how bacteria controls the production of groups of enzymes.In operon model, synthesis of the RNA messenger coding for these enzymes is switched on or off by regulatory proteins.
Regulatory proteins bind to the operator to control expression of the operon while a repressor is a protein that inhibits gene transcription,in prokaryotes this protein binds to the DNA in or near the promoter.
If calcium channels open in the plasma membrane, calcium ions enter the cell. If calcium channels open in the plasma membrane, calcium ions enter the cell. True False
Answer:
its True that it would enter the cell
Final answer:
It is true that calcium ions enter the cell when calcium channels in the plasma membrane open, which is important for cellular communication and responses like muscle contraction and neurotransmitter release.
Explanation:
The statement that calcium ions enter the cell when calcium channels in the plasma membrane open is true. This is a fundamental concept in cellular biology related to how cells communicate and respond to signals. Voltage-gated calcium channels are a type of gated ion channel that opens in response to changes in the cell's membrane potential. When a nerve impulse triggers the opening of these channels, calcium ions (Ca2+) rapidly enter the cell, leading to depolarization of the membrane. This increase in calcium concentration within the cytoplasm is crucial for processes such as muscular contraction and cellular signaling.
For example, the presence of calcium can facilitate the interaction between proteins like synaptotagmin and SNARE proteins, which are critical for the release of neurotransmitters at synapses. Moreover, other types of calcium channels can be activated by different mechanisms, including the binding of specific agonists or changes in electrical charge across the membrane, highlighting the diverse roles of calcium signaling in various cellular functions.
Which of the following statements about seed plants is true Seeds are produced only by flowering plants (angiosperms) The sporophyte generation is more reduced in seed plants than in the ferns The gametophytes of seed plants are independent of the sporophytes All seed plant species are heterosporous The zygote of seed plants divides repeatedly to form the gametophyte
Answer:
d. All seed plant species are heterosporous.
Explanation:
All the seed plants produce two types of spores. Therefore, seed plants are always heterosporous. The types of spores produced by these plants are microspore and megaspore. Microspore produces male gametophyte and serves to carry the male gametes while the megaspore gives rise to the female gametophyte. When the male gametes of a microspore fertilize a female gamete, the zygote is formed. The fertilized ovule is converted into a seed. Therefore, the formation of two types of spores is required for seed formation.
The accurate statement is that all seed plants are heterosporous, producing two types of spores. Other statements listed are not accurate about seed plants. In seed plants, the sporophyte generation is dominant, while the gametophyte is dependent on it.
Explanation:Among the statements given, the true statement about seed plants is: All seed plant species are heterosporous. Heterosporous means that the plant produces two types of spores: microspores, which will develop into male gametophytes, and megaspores, which will develop into female gametophytes. This is a common attribute of all seed plants.
Contrarily, it's not true that seeds are produced only by flowering plants (angiosperms) as seed formation also happens in gymnosperms. The sporophyte generation is not more reduced in seed plants compared to ferns; in fact, it is dominant and longer-lived. The gametophytes of seed plants are not independent from sporophytes; they are often protected and nourished by the sporophytic tissue. Finally, the zygote of seed plants divides repeatedly to form an embryo, not a gametophyte.
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Which epithelia forms the walls of the air sacs across which gas exchange occurs in the lungs?
Answer:
Simple squamous tissue
Explanation:
It is found forming the walls of air sacs and is made up of one layer of cells that re flattened
The walls of the air sacs in the lungs, where gas exchange occurs, are formed by simple squamous epithelium, which is sufficiently thin to efficiently facilitate this process.
Explanation:The epithelia that form the walls of the air sacs, or alveoli, where gas exchange occurs in the lungs is known as simple squamous epithelium. This type of epithelium is very thin to allow for the efficient exchange of gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and bloodstream. By its nature, it is ideally suited for areas where rapid diffusion is required.
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The fungi that produce penicillin, the fungi that we use to make bread, the fungi that we use to brew alcoholic drinks, and the fungi that we eat as truffles, all belong to the group of fungi known as:___________.
Answer:
Yeast
Explanation:
Yeast is an example of fungi. It is helpful in making alcohol as yeast is capable of fermenting sugar solution into alcohol this process is termed as Fermentation. It also helps to bake bread, dosas as it reproduces in flour dough and produces CO2 during respiration, it makes the dough soft and thus helps in the making of bread, idlis, etc.
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In the late 1960s, Robert Paine conducted landmark studies on diversity in the rocky intertidal zone, comparing the species diversity in control plots with diversity in experimental plots from which he removed the top predator, sea stars. After 5 years, 15 species of intertidal invertebrates lived in the control plots, while the experimental plots were dominated by only two species, one mussel and one barnacle. The process most likely responsible for the loss of species diversity in the experimental plots was:_______.predation.a. parasitism.b. competitive exclusion.c. resource partitioning.d. mutualism.
Answer: Predation
Explanation:
Predation can be defined as the biological interaction where one organisms eats the other organism.
It belongs to the family of micropredation, parasitism. The predators sit and wait for the prey in order to kill them and eat them.
In the question when the top predators were removed then there was a control in the number of species left is due to the action of the predators on the prey.
What is not a characteristic that distinguishes gymnosperms and angiosperms from other plants?
The provided question is incomplete as the options are not provided, however the options are as follows:
A.alternation of generations
B ovules
C. integuments
D. pollen
E. dependent gametophytes
Answer:
The correct answer is - option A. alternation of generation.
Explanation:
Angiosperms and gymnosperms both have alternation gymnosperms however the dominant phase in both are sporophyte. The basic idea of this type of life cycle is stays same.
Plant spores produces the gametes in gametophyte phase of alternation of generation and these gametes form zygote to produce the dominant sporophyte phase of this.
Thus, the correct answer is - a) alternation of generation.
In trying to determine whether dna or protein is the genetic material, what are the things that differs between the two?
Answer/Explanation:
Genetic material is essential for the growth and reproduction of an organism and the continuity of life. If an organism cannot pass on the required instructions in order to make a copy of itself, it cannot continue to reproduce.
Think of DNA like a set of instructions. This DNA is transcribed (copied) to a message (RNA) that is then translated to a functional output (proteins). The proteins are what carries out all the essential functions in the cell. However, without DNA, the cell/organism would not have the necessary information in order to make the proteins.
The sequence of the DNA is what determines the sequence of the polypeptide chains that make proteins. These proteins carry out essential tasks in the cell, including catalysing reactions, signalling, performing structural tasks, and many more.
The DNA is also what is passed on to the next generation via cell division, in the formation of chromosomes. Chromosomes provide the daughter cells with the information to continue carrying out the functions necessary for survival via DNA encoding proteins.
All of the following categories were established by the Elizabethan Poor Law except: Select one: a. The able-bodied poor b. The impotent poor c. Dependent children d. The indigent poor
Answer:
d. The indigent poor
Explanation:
The Elizabethan Poor Law or the English Poor Law was established to cater for the poor in Wales and England.
The Elizabethan poor laws gave power to the local government increase taxes when necessary, to cater for the needs of the poor, by building houses for the disabled, aged and the poor; and also provide necessary tools to enable the unemployed get back work.
Elizabethan Poor Law established three categories of relief recipients, they include dependent children, the able-bodied poor and the impotent poor
When researchers are measuring plant productivity, they usually harvest and measure above-ground biomass. But with grassland plants, it is common to find that most of an individual's biomass is in its root system. Why don't researchers measure below-ground biomass as well?
Answer:
Because of the fibrous root network of grasses.
Explanation:
Measuring below ground biomass of grass plants is technically impossible and difficult because of the fibrous root network different plants form with one another and within the soil. The network virtually makes it impossible to individually extract all the underground biomass of each grass.
Final answer:
Researchers measure above-ground biomass when measuring plant productivity because it is easier to measure and provides a good estimate of the plant's overall biomass. However, grassland plants have a significant portion of their biomass in their root system, which is not measured. Measuring below-ground biomass is challenging due to difficulties in accurately measuring the highly branched and spread out root system.
Explanation:
Researchers usually measure above-ground biomass when measuring plant productivity because it is easier to measure and provides a good estimate of the plant's overall biomass. Above-ground biomass includes the stems, leaves, and flowers of the plant, which are responsible for photosynthesis and the production of resources for other living things. However, it is important to note that in grassland plants, a significant portion of the plant's biomass is in its root system.
Measuring below-ground biomass can be challenging because it is difficult to accurately measure the root system without damaging it. Roots can be highly branched and spread out in the soil, making it hard to capture their full biomass. Additionally, digging up the soil to measure below-ground biomass can disturb the plant and the surrounding ecosystem.
By focusing on above-ground biomass, researchers can still get a good estimate of plant productivity and its contribution to ecosystem functioning and resource availability.