The correct answer is the free-rider problem
Explanation: Free-rider Problem, in economics, refers to the case of someone who benefits from resources, goods or services without paying the cost of the benefit.
As in this text, this free-rider problem is very normalized in our capitalist society, some people take advantage of others and this increases social inequalities
Marcel's argument best exemplifies the "free-rider problem," where individuals benefit from a collective good without contributing, potentially undermining the sustainability of community initiatives like EnviroPro.
Marcel's argument best exemplifies the "free-rider problem." The free-rider problem occurs when individuals benefit from a collective good or service without contributing or paying their fair share.
In this case, Marcel enjoys the benefits of a cleaner neighbourhood and improved garbage collection facilities provided by EnviroPro, even though he refuses to pay the enrolment fee to join the group.
The free-rider problem is a classic issue in economics and public goods theory. Collective efforts like environmental clean-ups or public goods, in general, are often underfunded or under-supported because some individuals, like Marcel, choose not to contribute financially.
They rely on others to do the work and fund the initiatives, believing they can still enjoy the benefits without cost.
The presence of free-riders can undermine the sustainability of such community-based organizations because if too many people adopt Marcel's stance, the group may struggle to secure the necessary resources to achieve its objectives effectively.
It highlights the challenge of incentivizing individuals to contribute to the common good when they can reap the benefits without actively participating or paying for it.
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A speaker whose sentences were very similar to those used in a news article would be _____, if he or she did not acknowledge that the phrasing came from the article.
Answer:
Patchwriting
Explanation:
Patchwriting involves an attempt to paraphrase but using words or sentences very similar to the original article or changing few words in the original article whereas the new article still contain keywords, vocabulary, and syntax of the original article. Often patchwriting is considered a crime of plagiarism because it doesn't acknowledge or reference the source article
Answer: Patchwriting
Explanation: patchwriting is a failed attempt at paraphrasing. By definition, patchwriting is the act of making small changes and substitutions to copied source material, though unintentional, it resembles the original text too closely in structure, style and vocabulary. Patchwriting shows an absence of true critical thinking and understanding of the text before writing. To avoid this, careful handling of sources is essential, including knowledge on paraphrasing.
On her first visit to China, Jane did not know how to pay for the produce she had selected at a market. She watched several Chinese women pay for their selections, and then Jane copied their behavior. In this example, Jane used ________.
Answer:
The correct answer is: Modeling.
Explanation:
Modeling in psychology can be understood as a method or technique introduced by psychologist Albert Bandura, that states that individuals can learn behaviors by imitating others.
For example, a teenager learns to kick the football by watching his best friend who is an experienced player do it. The teenager imitates the way his friend kicks the ball. His friend serves as a model for him.
In this particular case, On her first visit to China, Jane did not know how to pay for the produce she had selected at a market. She watched several Chinese women pay for their selections, and then Jane copied their behavior. In this example, Jane used modeling.
Question Options:
A) shaping
B) stimulus discrimination
C) modeling
D) stimulus generalisation.
Answer: Modeling involves the learning of a new skill by copying other people. This method is used in cognitive-behavioral techniques of psychotherapy whereby an individual learns solely by copying.
This concept was introduced by introduced by Albert Bandura in his famous 1961 Bobo doll experiment.
Jane copying/imitating the behavior of of other Chinese women is an example of modeling.
Consider the following assuming you have decided to do something about the embezzlement: What are the main arguments you are trying to counter.That is, what are the reasons and rationalizations you need to address
Although we do not know the exact scenario that the question refers to, we can still talk about the actions that we would follow in order to deal with embezzlement.
Embezzlement is a type of crime in which a person misappropriated the assets that were entrusted to him or her within a company. This is a common type of white-collar crime. It leads to the person using the assets that he is allowed to have in ways that are unintended and self-serving. There are several reasons and rationalizations that you need to address in order to deal with this problem. First, you need to be able to convince the person committing the crime that what he is doing is wrong, and falls outside of the duties that were assigned to him or her. You would need to counter arguments such as "this is better for the company" or "this is part of my duties." You also need to be able to show evidence of the fact that his or her behaviour was unlawful and selfish. Finally, you need this evidence to reach people with authority to do something about it.