Answer : The correct option is, (A) [tex]AlCl_3[/tex]
Explanation :
Van't Hoff factor : It is defined as the ratio of the experimental value of the colligative property to the calculated value of the colligative property.
We can determine the van't Hoff factor by the association and dissociation of the compound.
(A) [tex]AlCl_3[/tex]
It is an electrolyte that dissociates to give aluminum ion and chloride ion.
The dissociation of [tex]AlCl_3[/tex] will be,
[tex]AlCl_3\rightarrow Al^{3+}+3Cl^{-}[/tex]
So, Van't Hoff factor = Number of solute particles = [tex]Al^{3+}+3Cl^{-}[/tex] = 1 + 3 = 4
(B) [tex]KI[/tex]
It is an electrolyte that dissociates to give potassium ion and iodide ion.
The dissociation of [tex]KI[/tex] will be,
[tex]KI\rightarrow K^{+}+I^{-}[/tex]
So, Van't Hoff factor = Number of solute particles = [tex]K^{+}+I^{-}[/tex] = 1 + 1 = 2
(C) [tex]CaCl_2[/tex]
It is an electrolyte that dissociates to give calcium ion and chloride ion.
The dissociation of [tex]CaCl_2[/tex] will be,
[tex]CaCl_2\rightarrow Ca^{2+}+2Cl^{-}[/tex]
So, Van't Hoff factor = Number of solute particles = [tex]Ca^{2+}+2Cl^{-}[/tex] = 1 + 2 = 3
(D) [tex]MgSO_4[/tex]
It is an electrolyte that dissociates to give magnesium ion and sulfate ion.
The dissociation of [tex]MgSO_4[/tex] will be,
[tex]MgSO_4\rightarrow Mg^{2+}+SO_4^{2-}[/tex]
So, Van't Hoff factor = Number of solute particles = [tex]Mg^{2+}+SO_4^{2-}[/tex] = 1 + 1 = 2
(E) Non-electrolyte
The dissociation non-electrolyte is not possible. So, the Van't Hoff factor will always be, 1.
Hence, the highest van't Hoff factor of solute is, [tex]AlCl_3[/tex]
Van't Hoff factor: It is defined as the ratio of the experimental value of the colligative property to the calculated value of the colligative property.
The correct answer is A) [tex]ALCL_3[/tex]
The van't hoff factor is decided by the number of ions present in the compound.
In option A there are 4 ions that are [tex]AL^3+ and \ CL^-[/tex].
According to the concept, the ions for other options are 4, 1, 3, and, 1 respectively.
The correct option is A.
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A sample of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is synthesized in the laboratory. It contains 30.0 g carbon and 40.0 g oxygen. Another sample of ascorbic acid, isolated from lemons (an excellent source of the vitamin), contains 12.7 g carbon. Compute the mass of oxygen (in grams) in the second sample.
Answer:
16.933g approximately 17.0 grams
Explanation:
From the simple promotions and given the same compound ascorbic acid (vitamin C)
In the laboratory synthesised ascorbic acid
Mass of carbon = 30.0g
Mas of Oxygen = 40.0g
That is the mass of Oxygen per unit mass of Carbon
Per gram of Carbon we have
(30.0g Carbon)÷30 combines with (40.0g of Oxygen)÷30
That is 4/3g of Oxygen per gram of Carbon
Hence the mass of Oxygen compound that combines with 12.7g of Carbonin natural occurring ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is = 4/3×12.7 = 16.933g approximately 17.0g
The amount of oxygen in the second sample, calculated using the concept of stoichiometry and the ratio of carbon to oxygen in the first sample, is approximately 16.9 grams.
Explanation:This question involves the concept of stoichiometry in Chemistry. Given the masses of carbon and oxygen in the laboratory synthetized sample, we can determine the ratio of carbon to oxygen. This is 30.0g Carbon / 40.0g Oxygen = 0.75. We assume this ratio is the same in any sample of ascorbic acid regardless of its source, because the makeup of a pure substance is always the same. Therefore, to find the amount of oxygen in the lemon-sourced sample, we can use this ratio: 12.7g Carbon / x g Oxygen = 0.75. Solving for x gives us the mass of oxygen, which is approximately 16.9g.
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A student carefully drops a 9.0 g solid Zn pellet initially at 50.0°C into an insulated cup containing 30.0 g of water at 27.8°C. The student predicts that the temperature of the water will increase after the pellet is added. Which of the following statements is the best justification for the student's prediction? (A) The metallic bonds between Zn atoms will break when the Zn is exposed to the water molecules, releasing energy that will be absorbed by the water molecules. (B) Collisions between the water molecules and the surface of the Zn pellet will result in the transfer of energy, increasing the average kinetic energy of the water molecules. (C) The strength of the hydrogen bonds between the water molecules will increase when the Zn pellet is added, decreasing the average kinetic energy of the water molecules. (D)Collisions between Zn atoms in the solid will increase in frequency when the Zn is exposed to the water molecules, resulting in the transfer of energy to the surroundings.
Answer: choice B
Explanation: Heat flows from high to low. After you convert the Celsius into kelvin the Zn pellet has 323K and the water has 301K which results the transfer of the heat energy of the pallet to the water. ( you don’t have to convert, but it just make it easier) hope this helped you :)
Answer:
(B) Collisions between the water molecules and the surface of the Zn pellet will result in the transfer of energy, increasing the average kinetic energy of the water molecules.
Explanation:
The question above shows a case of energy transfer and movement of molecules in the generation of heat. Which can be explained as follows:
As you can see, in the question, the solid Zn pellet has a higher temperature than water. There is a physical concept that states that when two bodies of different temperatures come into contact, there is a transfer of energy between them that seeks to equal the temperature of the two bodies. For this reason, when the Zn pellet comes into contact with water, collisions will occur between the water molecules and the surface of the Zn sediment that will result in energy transfer.
However, instead of causing the temperature balance between the water and the Zn tablet, this allows the water to get a higher temperature, because the energy transmitted by zinc increases the kinetic energy of the water molecules. In this case, these tomboys start to move very fast, generating heat.
A package of aluminum foil is 63.2 yd long, 11 in. wide, and 0.00035 in. thick. If aluminum has a density of 2.70 g/cm³, what is the mass, in grams, of the foil?
Answer:
Mass of aluminium foil = 387.57_g
Explanation:
density of aluminium foil 2.70 g/cm³,
1_yd = 91.44_cm
1_in = 2.54_cm
Length of aluminum foil = 63.2_yd = 5779.008_cm
Width of aluminium foil = 11 in = 27.94_cm
Thickness of aluminium foil = 0.00035_in. = 0.000889_cm
Volume of aluminium foil = length × width × thickness = 5779.008_cm × 27.94_cm × 0.000889_cm = 143.54_cm^3
Mass of aluminium foil = (volume of aluminium foil) × (density of aluminium foil) = 143.54_cm³ × 2.70 g/cm³ = 387.57_g
To find the mass of the aluminium foil, calculate the volume and multiply it by the density. The mass of the foil is 0.3878 grams.
Explanation:To find the mass of the aluminium foil, we need to calculate the volume and then multiply it by the density. First, let's convert the dimensions to the same unit. The aluminium foil is 63.2 yd long, which is equivalent to 190.4 ft. The width is 11 in, which is 0.92 ft, and the thickness is 0.00035 in, which is 2.92e-5 ft.
The volume of the foil can be calculated by multiplying the length, width, and thickness.
V = (190.4 ft) * (0.92 ft) * (2.92e-5 ft).
This gives us a volume of 5.0634e-3 cubic feet.
Next, we need to convert the volume to cubic centimetres because the density is given in g/cm³.
There are 28.3168 cubic centimetres in one cubic foot, so the volume in cm³ is
5.0634e-3 * 28.3168 = 0.1433 cm³.
Finally, we can calculate the mass by multiplying the volume by the density.
Mass = 0.1433 cm³ * 2.70 g/cm³ = 0.3878 grams.
So, The mass of the foil is 0.3878 grams.
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The enthalpy of fusion of methanol (CH3OH) is 3.16 kJ/mol. How much heat would be absorbed or released upon freezing 25.6 grams of methanol?
Answer:
5.04 kJ
Explanation:
We are given the enthalpy of fusion of methanol as 3.16 kJ per mol of methanol. Thus, what we need is to determine is the number of mol in 25.4 g of methanol and multiply by this enthalpy.
mol methanol = mass / MW CH₃OH = 25.6 mol / 16.04 g/mol = 1.60 mol
ΔH = 1.60 mol x 3.16 kJ/mol = 5.04 kJ
_____ compounds include a prefix on the first and second elements and a suffix on the second element, whereas _____ compounds do not have prefixes and only include a suffix on the second element.
The question refers to the method of naming covalent and ionic compounds. Covalent compounds use prefixes for both elements and a suffix for the second, while ionic compounds do not use prefixes and only have a suffix for the second element.
Explanation:
The given question pertains to the rule for naming compounds in chemistry. The two types of compounds referenced in the question are covalent and ionic compounds. In a covalent compound, both the first and second elements have prefixes and the second element has a suffix. An example would be N2O4, which would be named 'Dinitrogen Tetroxide'. However, in ionic compounds, there are no prefixes and only the second element has a suffix. An example would be NaCl, which is named 'Sodium Chloride'.
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A yield of NH₃ of approximately 98% can be obtained at 200°C and 1,000 atmospheres of pressure.How many grams of N₂ must react to form 1.7 grams of ammonia, NH₃?
a. 0.0058 g
b. .052 g
c. 1.4 g
d. 2.8 g
Answer: The mass of nitrogen gas that must be reacted is 1.4 grams
Explanation:
To calculate the number of moles, we use the equation:
[tex]\text{Number of moles}=\frac{\text{Given mass}}{\text{Molar mass}}[/tex] .....(1)
For ammonia:Given mass of ammonia = 1.7 g
Molar mass of ammonia = 17 g/mol
Putting values in equation 1, we get:
[tex]\text{Moles of ammonia}=\frac{1.7g}{17g/mol}=0.1mol[/tex]
The chemical equation for the production of ammonia follows:
[tex]N_2+3H_2\rightarrow 2NH_3[/tex]
By Stoichiometry of the reaction:
2 moles of ammonia is produced by 1 mole of nitrogen gas
So, 0.1 moles of ammonia will be produced from [tex]\frac{1}{2}\times 0.1=0.05mol[/tex] of nitrogen gas
Now, calculating the mass of nitrogen gas from equation 1, we get:
Molar mass of nitrogen gas = 28 g/mol
Moles of nitrogen gas = 0.05 moles
Putting values in equation 1, we get:
[tex]0.05mol=\frac{\text{Mass of nitrogen gas}}{28g/mol}\\\\\text{Mass of nitrogen gas}=(0.05mol\times 28g/mol)=1.4g[/tex]
Hence, the mass of nitrogen gas that must be reacted is 1.4 grams
In order to rinse the system of exhaled C02 and meet the inspiratory flow rate requirements of infants placed on B-CPAP, the flow rate of humidified gas should be set at:_________.
Answer:
In order to rinse the system of exhaled CO2 and meet the inspiratory flow rate requirements of infants placed on B-CPAP, the flow rate of humidified gas should be set at:
A. 16 to 20 L/minute
B. 6 to10 L/minute
C. at least 15 L/minute
D. 11 to 15 L/minute
B. 6 to10 L/minute
Explanation:
Bubble CPAP is a non-invasive, external ventilation technique used for newborn babies with infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS). Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is given to a spontaneously breathing newborn baby to preserve lung volumes during expiration
Darcy's friend is complaining about the recent Chemistry examination and her fear of failing the class. Darcy replies, "everything happens for a reason. You will be fine. You always get out of jams." Darcy's response is an example of_____________.
Answer:
Empathetic listening
50.0 mL of a solution of HCl is combined with 100.0 mL of 1.05M NaOH in a calorimeter. The reaction mixture is initially at 22.4 degree C, and the final temperature after reaction is 30.2 degree C. What is the molarity of the HCl solution? You may assume that there is an excess of base (so that all the HCl has reacted), that the specific heat of the reaction mixture is 0.96 cal/g degree C, and that the density of the reaction mixture is 1.02 g/mL. The heat of neutralization of HC1 and NaOH is 13.6 kcal/mole.
Answer:
2.1 M is the molarity of the HCl solution.
Explanation:
[tex]HCl+NaOH\rightarrow H_2O+NaCl[/tex]
Molarity of HCl solution = [tex] M_1=?[/tex]
Volume of HCl solution = [tex]V_1=50.0mL[/tex]
Ionizable hydrogen ions in HCl = [tex]n_1=1[/tex]
Molarity of NaOH solution = [tex] M_2=1.05 M[/tex]
Volume of NaOH solution = [tex]V_2=100.0 mL[/tex]
Ionizable hydroxide ions in NaOH = [tex]n_2=1[/tex]
[tex]n_1M_1V_1=n_2M_2V_2[/tex] (neutralization )
[tex]M_1=\frac{M_2V_2}{V_1}=\frac{1.05M\times 100.0 mL}{50.0 mL}[/tex]
[tex]M_1=2.1 M[/tex]
2.1 M is the molarity of the HCl solution.
Final answer:
The molarity of the HCl solution is determined by calculating the heat absorbed during the reaction, converting this heat to moles of reacted NaOH, and assuming equimolar reaction with HCl. The final molarity of HCl is found to be 2.10 M.
Explanation:
To determine the molarity of the HCl solution, we first need to calculate the heat absorbed by the solution during the neutralization reaction using the specific heat capacity, mass, and change in temperature of the solution.
Calculate the Heat Absorbed by the Solution
Firstly, the total volume of the solution is the sum of the volumes of HCl and NaOH, which is 50.0 mL + 100.0 mL = 150.0 mL. The density of the solution is given as 1.02 g/mL, so the mass of the solution is 150.0 mL × 1.02 g/mL = 153.0 g.
The change in temperature (ΔT) is the final temperature minus the initial temperature, so ΔT = 30.2°C - 22.4°C = 7.8°C.
The heat absorbed (q) by the solution is calculated using the formula q = mass × specific heat × ΔT. Substituting the values, we get q = 153.0 g × 0.96 cal/g°C × 7.8°C = 1143.36 cal.
Convert Heat to Kcal and Calculate Moles of NaOH
Since q needs to be in kilocalories to use the heat of neutralization, we convert 1143.36 cal to kcal: 1143.36 cal × (1 kcal / 1000 cal) = 1.14336 kcal.
We know the heat of neutralization for HCl and NaOH is 13.6 kcal/mol. Therefore, the number of moles of NaOH reacted (which equals moles of HCl because they react 1:1) is:
moles of NaOH = 1.14336 kcal / 13.6 kcal/mol = 0.0841 mol.
Calculate Molarity of HCl
Since 100.0 mL of 1.05M NaOH contains 0.105 mol/L × 0.100 L = 0.105 mol NaOH, and we know all HCl has reacted, we can say that the moles of HCl must also be 0.105 mol.
The molarity (M) of HCl is the number of moles of HCl divided by the volume of HCl in liters. M = moles / liters = 0.105 mol / 0.050 L = 2.10 M HCl.
A small sphere with a mass of 441 g is moving upward along the vertical +y-axis when it encounters an electric field of 5.00 N/C . If, due to this field, the sphere suddenly acquires a horizontal acceleration of 13.0 m/s², what is the charge that it carries?A) 1.15 CB) -1.15 CC) 1150 CD) -1150 C
Answer: Option (A) is the correct answer.
Explanation:
It is known that the relation between force and electric field is as follows.
F = qE .......... (1)
where, F = force
q = charge
E = electric field
Also, we know that, F = ma ...... (2)
Hence, equating equation (1) and (2) as follows.
qE = ma
or, q = [tex]\frac{ma}{E}[/tex]
Therefore, putting the given values into the above formula as follows.
q = [tex]\frac{ma}{E}[/tex]
= [tex]\frac{441 g \times 13.0 m/s^{2}}{5.0 N/C}[/tex]
= 1.1466 C
= 1.15 C (approx)
Therefore, we can conclude that the charge carried by given charge is 1.15 C.
When oxygen is depleted, the citric acid cycle stops. What could we add to the system to restore citric acid cycle activity (other than oxygen)?
Answer:
NAD+, FAD.
Explanation:
The citric acid cycle is popularly known as the Kreb's cycle. The cycle involve the oxidation of acetyl-CoA to produce energy. The Kreb's cycle is a chemical process that produces produces two carbon dioxide molecules,NADH,FADH2 and one ATP.
When oxygen is depleted, the citric acid cycle stops, apart from oxygen NAD+ and FAD could be added to the system to restore citric acid cycle activity. NAD+ acts as an electron acceptor.
Citric acid cycle/Kreb's cycle is an aerobic process that occurs in the mitochondria and produces thirty-six(36) ATPs.
To restore citric acid cycle activity when oxygen is depleted is to add an electron acceptor.
In the absence of oxygen, the electron transport chain cannot function properly because oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor in the process of oxidative phosphorylation.
When oxygen is not available, electrons accumulate, and the energy-generating process of the mitochondria is inhibited. This results in the cessation of the citric acid cycle due to the lack of NAD+ and FAD, which are required as electron carriers in the cycle.
To restore the activity of the citric acid cycle under anaerobic conditions, one could add an alternative electron acceptor that can be reduced instead of oxygen.