Explain how bone cells embedded in a solid ground substance obtain nutrients and eliminate wastes

Gluconeogenesis in the liver is primarily regulated by the hormone cortisol, which stimulates the breakdown of proteins and fats to produce glucose.

Gluconeogenesis is a metabolic process that occurs in the liver to produce glucose from non-carbohydrate sources. The key hormone involved in regulating gluconeogenesis is cortisol, which is released by the adrenal glands. Cortisol stimulates the breakdown of proteins and fats to generate substrates for glucose production.

https://brainly.com/question/34723403

#SPJ11

In the process of producing an mRNA molecule from a transcribed RNA molecule, intervening sequences or introns are removed and exons, the protein-coding sequences, are spliced together. Errors by a single nucleotide during this process can lead to a dysfunctional protein. Alternative splicing can lead to the production of different proteins from a single gene.

After an RNA molecule is transcribed from a eukaryotic gene, intervening sequences known as introns are removed from the pre-mRNA during a process called splicing. The removal of introns’s integral as these sequences do not encode functional proteins. They are removed and degraded while the pre-mRNA is still in the nucleus.

On the other hand, sequences called exons (which signify that they are expressed) are spliced or joined together to produce a mRNA molecule with a continuous coding sequence. This spliced mRNA molecule is ready for the synthesis of proteins. If this process of removing introns and splicing exons together errs by even a single nucleotide, the sequence of the rejoined exons would be shifted, causing the resulting protein to be nonfunctional.

This process of splicing also allows for diverse proteins to be produced from a single gene through a process known as alternative splicing. This process selectively includes or excludes certain exons during splicing, leading to different mRNA variants and hence, different proteins.

https://brainly.com/question/34616522

#SPJ12

In eukaryotic gene transcription, the non-coding introns are removed, and the coding exons are spliced together to produce an mRNA molecule with a continuous coding sequence. This process is called RNA splicing.

Eukaryotic genes are composed of both coding regions, known as exons, and non-coding regions, called introns. During transcription, an RNA molecule is synthesized that includes both exons and introns. However, the mature mRNA that is ultimately used for protein synthesis must have a continuous coding sequence, devoid of the non-coding introns. This is achieved through a process known as RNA splicing.

RNA splicing is performed by a complex called the spliceosome, which consists of various small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) and other proteins. The spliceosome recognizes specific sequences at the boundaries of introns and exons, called splice sites. It then removes the introns and ligates the exons together to produce a mature mRNA molecule with a continuous coding sequence. This process is crucial for the proper functioning of genes in eukaryotic organisms, allowing them to produce functional proteins by removing the non-coding sequences and preserving the coding information.

To know more about gene:

https://brainly.com/question/31121266

#SPJ12

Answer:

C. Recommend concepts of right and wrong.

Explanation:

Ethical theories are born and developed in different societies in response to the problems arising from relationships between men. Historical contexts are therefore very important elements in understanding the conditions that gave rise to certain moral problems that still exist today. This is because ethical theories aim to recommend concepts of right and wrong in the face of all aspects of society, but these concepts evolve along with the evolution of societies, so the concepts of right and wrong of ancient societies are different from the concepts adopted today, as well as ethical theories.

ATP and NADPH are converted to ADP + Pi and NADP+ during the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis. So, the correct option is (B).

In the light-dependent reactions, the energy coming from sunlight is absorbed by chlorophyll which is converted into stored chemical energy. In the light-independent reactions, the chemical energy is harvested during the light-dependent reactions drives the assembly of sugar molecules from carbon dioxide.

This is called light dependent because it require light or depends on light to produce organic energy molecules ATP and NADPH. This is called light-independent because no light is required to reduce carbon dioxide and glucose by the use of ATP and NADPH.

Thus, ATP and NADPH are converted to ADP + Pi and NADP+ during the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis. So, the correct option is (B).

Learn more about Light Dependent and Independent reactions, here:

https://brainly.com/question/13901971

#SPJ2

Antibodies are not part of the innate immune system; they are specific to the adaptive immune system. The innate immune system features include physical barriers, antimicrobial chemicals, phagocytes, and inflammation.

An important aspect of understanding the immune system is distinguishing between the innate and adaptive immune responses. The innate immune system is our first line of defense and includes features such as physical barriers (like the skin and mucous membranes), antimicrobial chemicals (such as enzymes in sweat and saliva), phagocytes (like neutrophils and macrophages), and inflammation. These components work continuously to protect against a broad range of pathogens.

On the other hand, antibodies are not a feature of the innate immune system; they are produced by the adaptive immune system in response to specific pathogens. Hence, when asked which of the following is NOT one of the four main features of innate immune function, the correct answer is (d) antibodies.

Final answer:

Antibodies are not a feature of the innate immune system but are part of the adaptive immune system. The innate immune system includes physical barriers, chemical barriers, phagocytes, and inflammation.

Explanation:

The question pertains to the four main features of innate immune function. Among the options provided, the one that is NOT a feature of the innate immune system but rather part of the adaptive immune system is d. antibodies. The innate immune system's features include physical barriers (like skin and mucous membranes), chemical barriers (like enzymes in sweat and saliva), phagocytes (such as neutrophils and macrophages), and inflammation. Antibodies, however, are produced by the body in response to specific pathogens and are part of the adaptive immune response, which tailors its attack to specific pathogens encountered by the immune system.

Answer:

Both are measured by changes in air pressure

Explanation:

Gender refers to sociocultural characteristics that are associated with roles, behaviors, and identities.

The concept of gender refers to sociocultural characteristics.

While sex is determined by biological factors such as anatomy and genetics, gender is a social construct that encompasses behaviors, roles, expectations, and identities associated with masculinity and femininity.

For example, in some societies, it is expected that individuals assigned female at birth will exhibit characteristics typically associated with femininity, such as nurturing, while individuals assigned male at birth are expected to exhibit characteristics associated with masculinity, such as assertiveness and dominance.

https://brainly.com/question/36943207

#SPJ6

Protein synthesis involves two main steps: transcription and translation, occurring in different cellular locations. The correct pair of steps directly involved in making a protein is transcription and translation.

Transcription is the first step in making a protein where the gene (DNA) is copied onto RNA. The RNA copy, known as messenger RNA (mRNA), then leaves the nucleus.

Translation is the second step, occurring in the ribosomes, where transfer RNA (tRNA) reads the mRNA and adds complementary amino acids to the growing protein chain.

Therefore, the correct pair that identifies two steps directly involved in making a protein is transcription, translation (option B).

Answer:

Pure cultures are important in Microbiology for the following reasons:

Once purified, the isolated species can then be cultivated with the only the desired in which microorganism is being grown.

A pure culture can be correctly identified for accurate studying and testing, and diagnosis in a clinical environment.

Testing/experimenting with a pure culture ensures that the same results can be achieved regardless of how many times the test is repeated.

Explanation:

A pure culture is the study of the properties of one particular microbe eliminating extraneaous influences.

A pure culture is defined as  growth of a microorganism containing only one cell type.

The net rate of the heat loss when the radiation from the head is a major source of heat loss from the human body will be 25.1W.

It should be noted that the net radiation heat loss rate can be expressed as:

q = (Th⁴ - Tc⁴) Ac

where

q = heat transfer per unit time

Therefore, the values will be slotted and this will be:

q = 0.95 × 5.67 × (10^8W/m²k⁴) × 309.15k⁴ - 282.15k⁴

q = 150.66W/m²

Note that Ac = 0.166

Therefore, the value will be:

q = (Th⁴ - Tc⁴) Ac

= 150.66 × 0.166

= 25.1W

Learn more about radiation on:

https://brainly.com/question/24469662

#SPJ5

Answer:

During mitosis the four centrioles appear visibly and move to the ends of the nucleus one pair at each end then they produce a series of threads that attach to the chromosomes During cell division the threads split the chromosomes and drew them towards the centrioles.

Explanation:

During mitosis, centrioles replicate and help organize the spindle fibers. They move to opposite poles of the cell and then complete the formation of the spindle fibers in metaphase.

During mitosis, the centrioles play a crucial role in organizing the spindle fibers that separate the chromosomes. Before mitosis begins, the centrioles replicate so that each daughter cell will receive a pair of centrioles. In prophase, the centrioles move to opposite poles of the cell and begin to form the spindle apparatus. Then, in metaphase, the centrioles complete the formation of the spindle fibers and help align the chromosomes in the cell's equator.

https://brainly.com/question/32894996

#SPJ6

Answer:They are James D. Watson and Francis H. C. Crick at Cambridge University in 1953.

Explanation:

Final answer:

Biogeography is the study of the distribution of species across the globe, encompassing the past and present. It includes subfields like ecological, historical, and conservation biogeography, and requires multidisciplinary knowledge.

Explanation:

Biogeography is the scientific study focusing on the geographic distribution of living things and the abiotic factors that affect their distribution. This field is integral for understanding the various factors that influence where organisms live nowadays as well as where they could be found in the past. Biogeographers work is vital in our comprehension of the physical environment, the interactions between environment and species, and the consequences of environmental changes on the distribution of species.

There are three main subfields within biogeography:

Apart from biology and ecology, biogeographers must also be knowledgeable in other disciplines such as evolutionary studies, soil science, and climatology to fully understand and explain the patterns in species distribution.

Biogeography is the study of the geographic distribution of species, analyzing past and present patterns as well as the impacts of environmental changes. It encompasses ecological, historical, and conservation biogeography focusing on species' distribution and abundance.

Biogeography

Biogeography is the scientific study of the distribution of the world's species both in the past and in the present. It seeks to understand the interactions that determine the distribution and abundance of organisms, playing a critical role in our comprehension of the physical environment and how species are affected by it. Biogeographers focus on various subfields such as ecological biogeography, which looks at the current factors affecting distribution, historical biogeography that explores the past distribution patterns, and conservation biogeography that applies this knowledge towards species protection and restoration. Adept in fields like biology, ecology, evolutionary studies, soil science, and climatology, biogeographers offer insights into how environmental changes impact species distribution.

Nociceptors, the sensory receptors responsible for sensing pain, adapt the slowest among the options given. They remain active until harmful stimuli are removed, ensuring our body's safety.

Among the options, nociceptors adapt the slowest. Nociceptors are sensory receptors that are responsible for sensing pain and harmful stimuli, and they adapt slowly to ensure our body's safety and prevent damage. For example, if you touch a hot stove, nociceptors alert you immediately so you pull your hand away before getting severely burned. They remain active until the harmful stimulus (in this case, the heat) is removed, unlike other receptors, such as touch or pressure, which adapt more quickly to constant stimuli.

https://brainly.com/question/31671251

#SPJ11

Answer:

1. C, 2. B, 3. B, 4. C, 5. B

Explanation:

1. C

Tay-Sachs disease is a rare lipid storage disease where the body can't get rid of certain kind of fats called sphingolipids.

2. B

The germinal period involves the migration and implantation of the zygote and the development of the bilaminar disc.

3. B

This is an experimental treatment for depression.

4. D

This theory arises in the 1940's that says people are motivated due to the desire of obtaining something the want.

5. B

Cognitive behavioral science is a scientific driven approach to psychotherapy, with concrete steps and number of sessions.

Final answer:

Zack likely has Tay-Sachs disease. The 'germinal period' refers to the first two weeks of pregnancy. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) uses magnetic pulses to stimulate the brain and is used in various treatments.

Explanation:

Zack is most likely suffering from Tay-Sachs disease, an inherited disorder where the body cannot break down fat, leading to a severely shortened lifespan.

The first two weeks of a pregnancy, from conception to implantation, are known as the germinal period. During this time, major body structures begin to form, and the health of the mother is particularly important.

When discussing transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), it is true that this medical procedure uses a pulsing magnetic coil to electrically stimulate the brain. It is not as experimental as it used to be and is currently used to treat certain psychological conditions.

Drive-reduction approaches to motivation are theories suggesting that a lack of basic biological needs produces a drive to satisfy that need.

According to data presented in texts, cognitive behavioral approaches to psychotherapy tend to be more successful than do psychodynamic approaches.

Final answer:

The two serous membranes of the pericardium are the parietal pericardium and the visceral pericardium (epicardium). These layers form the fluid-filled pericardial cavity, minimizing friction during heart contractions.

Explanation:

The two serous membranes of the pericardium are the parietal pericardium and the visceral pericardium, also known as the epicardium. These two layers form a fluid-filled space, which is the pericardial cavity. The parietal pericardium is fused to the fibrous pericardium, providing a protective enclosure for the heart, while the visceral pericardium directly covers the heart muscle and secretes serous fluid.

This structure can be likened to an underinflated balloon enveloping a fist, where the two layers of the balloon represent the serous membrane layers of the pericardium, illustrating how they encapsulate the heart. The serous fluid within the cavity allows the heart to contract with minimal friction, reducing the potential for inflammation and damage that could occur from the movement of the heart.

Glaciers are termed as nature's bulldozer due to their extensive ability to reshape landscapes by eroding surfaces and forming various features like sharp mountain peaks, U-shaped valleys, etc. However, due to climate change, worldwide glacier recession is being observed, altering landscapes and ecosystems.

Glaciers are often referred to as nature's bulldozer because they have a significant effect on the landscape. They reshape the land by eroding the surface over which they move, much like a bulldozer. For example, mountain ranges are modified by the action of glaciers as they carve out sharp peaks and serrated edges.

Additionally, glaciers can lead to the creation of various geomorphological features on the Earth's surface. These include U-shaped valleys, cirques, moraines and drumlins, caused by erosional processes. In contrast, in places like the Moon and Mercury, where there is no moving ice or running water, the terrain remains smooth.

Presently, due to climate change, we are observing significant glacier recession. An example would be Glacier National Park in Montana, which has seen its glacier count drop from around 150 in 1850 to only about 24 in 2010. This, in turn, impacts the landscape and ecosystem of the region.

https://brainly.com/question/19709729

#SPJ3