To reduce cigarette smoking by 10%, the government should increase the price of a pack by 50% due to an elasticity measure of 0.2. Thus the price would be increased by $2.5 from $5 to $7.5. The long-term effects of this price increase will be greater than the short term as people adapt and may reduce consumption or quit smoking all together.
Explanation:Public policy aimed at smoking involves strategies to shift demand through educational initiatives or price manipulation, depending on the elasticity of the demand for cigarettes. Studies indicate the price elasticity of demand for cigarettes is about 0.2, meaning the demand is relatively inelastic. For a clearer perspective, let's examine the proposed scenario and break it down in terms of price elasticity and demand.
Firstly, when the price elasticity of demand is less than 1, as in this case, it means demand is inelastic. That is, a 1% increase in price results in less than a 1% decrease in quantity demanded. To reduce smoking by 10%, we would need a 50% increase in price due to the elasticity measure of 0.2 (10%/0.2), hence the price of a pack of cigarettes should increase by $2.5 from $5 to $7.5.
In terms of the effect on smoking 1 year from now compared to 5 years from now, if the price increase remains, the long-term effects are likely to be greater than the short-term effects. This is mainly because behavior change, especially for addictive substances like cigarettes, usually takes some time. Over a longer period, people may adapt to the new price by quitting smoking or reducing consumption.
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Which of the following terms refers to the process of converting a not-for-profit stock exchange owned by its members to a for-profit organization with publicly-traded stocks that are owned by outside shareholders?
a. Privatization
b. Flotation
c. Consolidation
d. Diversification
e. Demutualization
Answer and Explanation:
e. Demutualization
A manuscript is sent to a typing firm consisting of typists A, B and C. If it is typed by A, then the number of errors made is a Poisson random variable with mean 2.6; if typed by B then the number of errors made is a Poisson random variable with mean 3; and if typed by C then it is a Poisson random variable with mean 3.4. Let X denote the number of errors in the manuscript. Assume that each typist is equally likely to do the work. (a) Find E(X) (b) Find Var(X)
Answer:
(a) E(X) = 3
(b) Var(X) = 12.1067
Explanation:
(a) E[X]
E[X]T = E[X]T=A + E[X]T=B + E[X]T=C
= (2.6 + 3 + 3.4)/3
= 2.6 (1/3) + 3(1/3) + 3.4(1/3)
= 2.6/3 + 1 + 3.4/3
= 3
(b) Var (X) = E[X²]−(E[X])²
Recall that if Y ∼ Pois(λ), then E[Y 2] = λ+λ2. This implies that
E[X²] = [(2.6 + 2.6²) + (3 + 3²) + (3.4 + 3.4²)]/3
= (9.36 + 12 + 14.96)/3
= 36.32/3
= 12.1067
Var(X) = E[X²]−(E[X])²
= 12 - 3²
= 12.1067 - 9
= 3.1067
Given the potential typists with their different error rates, the expected number of errors, E(X), and the Variance of X, Var(X), where both E(X) and Var(X) are 3.
Explanation:The expected number E(X) of errors in a manuscript typed by typists A, B, and C, who have different error rates based on Poisson distribution, can be found by averaging the mean values. Given that typist A, B, and C produce errors with a mean of 2.6, 3, and 3.4 errors per manuscript respectively and that each typist is equally likely to do the work, we calculate:
E(X) = (2.6+3+3.4)/3 = 9/3 = 3
For the Variance of X, Var(X), since the variance of a Poisson random variable is equal to its mean and each typist is equally likely to type, we can calculate the variance similarly to the expectation using the mean of the three:
Var(X) = (2.6+3+3.4)/3 = 9/3 = 3
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Based on your understanding of growing annuities, is the statement below true or false? While analyzing a growing annuity, you need to express the interest rate, the future value, and the payment in real and not nominal terms.a. Trueb. False
Answer:
The correct answer is letter "B": False.
Explanation:
Annuities are payments made after certain equally distributed periods. A growing annuity or an increasing annuity is an annuity in which payment grows at a particular constant rate. Growing annuities can be calculated at Present Value or Future value -not necessarily both.
The statement is false. When analyzing a growing annuity, it's not always required to express the interest rate, the future value, and the payment in real terms. It depends on the specifics of the analysis being conducted and the type of growth.
Explanation:The statement that while analyzing a growing annuity, you need to express the interest rate, the future value, and the payment in real and not nominal terms is considered false. In financial concepts, it is not always required to express these variables in real terms. It would depend on the specifics of the analysis being conducted and the type of the growth being considered. Nominal terms include the impact of inflation whereas real terms are adjusted to remove the effects of inflation. For a growing annuity where each payment is assumed to grow at a constant rate, calculations may involve both real and nominal terms depending on the scenario.
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In the long run, will Enviromax produce the allocatively and productively efficient level of output? Explain.
Enviromax achieves productive and allocative efficiency by operating on the PPF, reflecting the optimal balance between economic output and environmental protection as preferred by society.
Explanation:In the long run, Enviromax will produce the allocatively and productively efficient level of output if it operates on the production possibility frontier (PPF). Productive efficiency is achieved when Enviromax operates at a point on the PPF curve where it cannot produce more of one good without giving up some other good. Allocative efficiency means Enviromax is producing at a point on the PPF that reflects society’s preferences, with the optimal tradeoff between economic output and environmental protection.
Choices on the PPF like point P, with a high level of economic output and lower environmental protection, or point T, with high environmental protection and lower economic output, represent different allocative efficiencies. These choices involve an opportunity cost, which is the cost of forgoing the next best alternative when making a decision. To be allocatively efficient, Enviromax’s output level should reflect society’s preferred balance between economic goods and environmental quality.
On college campuses, hiking and biking groups, service organizations, and intramural sports teams are prime examples of ______________ organizations. Select one: a. utilitarian b. mortification c. coercive d. voluntary
Answer:
The correct answer is letter "D": voluntary.
Explanation:
Voluntary organizations are non-profit associations with a mission and vision. On colleges, it is very common to find these groups of students who usually get together to share their experiences with activities of interest such as sports, dance, community service or cultural exchange.
Derk owns 250 shares of stock in Rose Corporation. The remaining 750 shares of Rose are owned as follows: 150 by Derk’s daughter, 200 by Derk’s aunt, and 400 by a partnership in which Derk has an 80% interest. Determine the number of shares Derk owns (directly and indirectly) in Rose Corporation.
Answer:
720 shares
Explanation:
Given that,
Derk owns = 250 shares of stock in Rose Corporation
750 shares of Rose are owned as follows:
Derk’s daughter owns = 150
Derk’s aunt = 200
Shares in the partnership holding:
= 400 shares × Interest
= 400 shares × 80%
= 320 shares
Therefore,
Number of shares Derk owns in Rose Corporation:
= Own shares + Daughter's shares + Shares in the partnership holding
= 250 + 150 + 320
= 720
Suppose a wet and sunny year increases the nation's sweetcorn crop by 20%. How will this affect the market for frozen peas,a substitute for sweet corn?
a) increase in demand
b) decrease in supply
c) increase in supply
d) decrease in demand
Answer:
d) decease in demand
Explanation:
When the produce of sweet corn crop rises by 20%, this would lead to an increase in supply. With increase in supply, the price of sweet corn shall fall, which would lead to an increase in demand as now consumers will consume more of sweet corn.
Since the relationship between price of a good and demand for it's substitute is positive, the demand for the substitute shall fall.
Thus, demand for frozen peas shall decrease as demand for sweet corn has increased.
George invested $1,000 in large U.S. stocks at the beginning of 2012. This investment earned 16.35 percent in 2012, 31.50 percent in 2013, 13.85 percent in 2014, and 2.90 percent in 2015. What return did he earn in the average year during the 2012–2015 period?
Answer:
$161.50
Explanation:
Amount Invested = $1,000
Number of years = 4
Return for each year = Amount Invested × Interest rate
= $1,000 × Interest rate
For 2012:
Interest rate = 16.35% = 0.1635
Therefore,
Return for 2012 = $1,000 × 0.1635
= $163.50
For 2013:
Interest rate = 31.50% = 0.3150
Therefore,
Return for 2013 = $1,000 × 0.3150
= $315.00
For 2014:
Interest rate = 13.85% = 0.1385
Therefore,
Return for 2014 = $1,000 × 0.1385
= $138.50
For 2015:
Interest rate = 2.90% = 0.029
Therefore,
Return for 2015 = $1,000 × 0.029
= $29.00
Average for 2012-2015
To get this, we add the returns for the 4 years, i.e. 2012-2015, and then divide it by the number of years which 4 as follows:
Average for 2012-2015 = ($163.50 + $315.00 + $138.50 + $29.00) ÷ 4
= $646.00 ÷ 4
= $161.50
Therefore, George's average return for the period is $161.50.
I wish you all the best.
Run-of-the-Mills provides your marketing firm with the following data: When the price of guppy gummies decreases by 5%, the quantity of raskels sold increases by 4% and the quantity of kipples sold decreases by 6%. Your job is to use the cross-price elasticity between guppy gummies and the other goods to determine which goods your marketing firm should advertise together.
Answer:
the firm should advertise complementary goods together; Gummies and Raskels.
Explanation:
First the question is to determine based on cross - price elasticity which goods are better to advertise together
Complementary Goods
This represents goods where the cross elasticity of demand is negative. The meaning the increase in demand of goods A is as a result of the decrease in the price of goods B.
Substitute Goods
This represents goods where the cross elasticity of demand is positive. This means that the decrease in the demand for product A is linked to the decrease in the price of product B
Cross Elasticity of Gummies and Raskels
= percentage change in quantity demanded of Raskels/ % change in the price of gummies
= 4%/-5% (since it is a decrease)
= -0.8
Gummies and Raskels are complementary goods as they show negative cross elasticity.
Cross Elasticity of Gummies and Kipples
= percentage change in quantity demanded of Raskels/ % change in the price of gummies
= -6 %/-5% (both are decreases)
Gummies and Kipples are substitute goods.
Therefore, the firm should advertise complementary goods together; Gummies and Raskels.
Raskels and guppy gummies are substitutes, while kipples and guppy gummies are complements. From a marketing perspective, complementary goods should be advertised together – in this case, guppy gummies and kipples.
Explanation:The cross-price elasticity of demand measures the responsiveness of the quantity demanded for a good to a change in the price of another good. It is a measure of substitution effect. Because the quantity of raskels sold increases when the price of guppy gummies decreases, raskels and guppy gummies are substitute goods. Conversely, because the quantity of kipples sold decreases when the price of guppy gummies decreases, kipples and guppy gummies are complementary goods.
From a marketing point of view, you should advertise complementary goods together. In this case, you should advertise guppy gummies and kipples together. Advertising substitute goods together can cannibalize sales because an increase in sales of one might lead to a decrease in sales of the other.
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2.5 If the nominal rate of interest is 4.25 percent and the expected rate of inflation is 1.75 percent, what is the real rate of interest?
Answer:
2.5
Explanation:
Real interest rate is the interest rate that has been adjusted for the effect inflation.
Nominal interest rate hasn't been adjusted for the effects of inflation. It is the one more popularly quoted .
Inflation is the rise in general price level.
Real interest rate = nominal interest rate - expected inflation rate
4.25 - 1.75 = 2.5
I hope my answer helps you
You own a munitions plant, and you decide that your middle managers are insensitive to employees' needs. You send them all out for two weeks of sensitivity training. You are sensitive to what skill deficiency that they have?a. Interpersonal b. Technical c. Conceptual d. Leadership
Answer:
Letter a is correct. Interpersonal.
Explanation:
In this question, middle managers have a deficiency in interpersonal skills, as they are not sensitive to the needs of employees.
Sensitivity training is a strategy that can help managers to develop interpersonal skills and abilities, as this is an extremely relevant feature for business.
This ability is related to the ability to communicate and interact with other people. In a managerial position, whose function is to coordinate and supervise employees, interpersonal skills are even more prominent, as the manager's conduct and positioning will influence his subordinates, so that the leader must be the main example of good relationships with others, attention to the needs of employees and clear communication, in order to create a positive organizational climate, where the motivation and satisfaction of employees are taken as a key element in increasing productivity and organizational effectiveness.
The process that helps ensure a business message is both effective and efficient is known as which of the following? A. Journalistic approach B. Three-step writing process C. Discovery techniques D. Business writing E. Four-step writing process
Answer:
The correct answer is letter "B": Three-step writing process.
Explanation:
The Three-step writing process is a business writing approach that allows departments within a company to transmit valuable information and reports clearly. Just like the name of the approach says, it has three parts: pre-writing, composing, and post-writing.
Assume that the company produces and sells 92,000 units during the year at a selling price of $7.37 per unit. Prepare a contribution format income statement for the year.
Answer:
1. MS Excel File is attached for the solution. Please find that.
2. Contribution income statement for the year
$
Sales (45000 x 16 ) 720,000
Less: Variable Cost (45,000 x 6) 270,000
Contribution Margin 450,000
Less: Fixed Cost 300,000
Net Income 150,000
Consider the information about the economy of Pakistan. Note that the currency of Pakistan is the rupee. The government purchases: 2.60 trillions of rupees. Individuals consume: 9.30 trillions of rupees. Individuals save: 5.18 trillions of rupees. Businesses invest: 1.80 trillions of rupees. Foreigners spend: 0.61 trillions of rupees to purchase Pakistani firms. Pakistan imports: 2.08 trillions of rupees. Pakistan exports: 1.29 trillions of rupees. Calculate Pakistan's GDP. Assume that the values are all current and no conversions need to be made. Give your answer in terms of trillions of rupees, and round to two decimals. g
Answer:
= 12.91 trillion rupees.
Explanation:
The question is to Calculate Pakistan's GDP based on the provided information
First, the formula to calculate the Gross Domestic Product is as follows:
GDP= C + I +G+ (X - M)
Where C= Individual Consumption= 9.30 trillion rupees
I = The investment = Business Investment = 1.80 trillion rupees
G= Government Purchases = 2.60 trillion rupees
X= Exports= 1.29 trillion rupees
M= Imports = 2.08 trillion rupees
Using the formula therefore,
Pakistan's GDP
= 9.30 trillion rupees + 1.8 trillion rupees + 2.6 trillion rupees + (1.29 trillion rupees - 2.08 trillion rupees)
= 12.91 trillion rupees.
To calculate Pakistan's GDP, we add up the government purchases, individuals' consumption, individuals' savings, businesses' investments, foreigners' spending on Pakistani firms, and Pakistan's exports, and subtract the imports. The GDP of Pakistan is 18.70 trillion rupees.
Explanation:To calculate Pakistan's GDP, we need to sum up the government purchases, individuals' consumption, individuals' savings, businesses' investments, foreigners' spending on Pakistani firms, and Pakistan's exports. We then subtract Pakistan's imports. The GDP can be calculated as follows:
GDP = Government purchases + Individuals' consumption + Individuals' savings + Businesses' investments + Foreigners' spending on Pakistani firms + Pakistan's exports - Pakistan's imports
Using the given values, we can calculate the GDP as:
GDP = 2.60 + 9.30 + 5.18 + 1.80 + 0.61 + 1.29 - 2.08 = 18.70 trillion rupees
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Crandall Oil has total sales of $1,349,800 and costs of $903,500. Depreciation is $42,700 and the tax rate is 34 percent. The firm does not have any interest expense. What is the operating cash flow?
Answer:
Operating Cash flow = $309,076
Explanation:
Operating Cash flow
Sales = $1,349,800
-Costs = $903,500
-Depreciation = $42,700
Operating Income = $403,600
-Tax = $137,224
Net Income = $266,376
Operating Cash Flow = Net Income + Non-Cash Expenses – Increase in Working Capital
Operating Cash flow = $266,376 + $42,700 - 0
Operating Cash flow = $309,076
Final answer:
The operating cash flow for Crandall Oil is calculated by subtracting total costs and taxes from total sales and adding back depreciation. The operating cash flow is $322,740.
Explanation:
To calculate the operating cash flow for Crandall Oil, we need to begin with the total sales and then subtract the costs. We add back the depreciation since it's a non-cash expense and then subtract taxes paid. The formula for operating cash flow (OCF) is OCF = (Sales - Costs + Depreciation)*(1 - Tax Rate).
Following the formula:
Sales = $1,349,800
Costs (excluding depreciation) = $903,500
Depreciation = $42,700
Tax rate = 34%
The operating income before tax is Sales - Costs + Depreciation = $1,349,800 - $903,500 + $42,700 = $489,000.
Now we need to calculate the tax, which is Operating Income before Tax * Tax Rate = $489,000 * 34% = $166,260.
Finally, we calculate the operating cash flow by subtracting the tax from the operating income before tax:
OCF = $489,000 - $166,260 = $322,740.
The following December 31, 2016 fiscal year end account balance information is available for the Stonebridge Corporation:
Cash and cash equivalents $5,000
Accounts receivable (net) 20,000
Inventories 60,000
Property, plant and equipment (net) 120,000
Accounts payable 44,000
Wages payable 15,000
Paid in capital 100,000
The only asset not listed is short term investments.
The only liabilities not listed are a $30,000 note payable due in two years and related accrued interest of $1,000 due in four months.
The current ratio at year end is 1.5:1.
Required:
Determine the following at December 31, 2016:
a) Total current assets.
b) Short term investments.
c) Retained earnings.
Answer:
a) Total Current Assets $ 90,000
b) Short Term Investments $ 5,000
c) Retained Earnings $ 20,000
Explanation:
To determine the total current assets we have to work with the current ratio information provided in the question.
The current assets are:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 5,000
Accounts receivable (net) $ 20,000
Inventories $ 60,000
Current assets excluding Short term investments $ 85,000
The current liabilities are:
Accounts Payable $ 44,000
Wages Payable $ 15,000
Accrued interest due in 4 months $ 1,000
Total current liabilities $ 60,000
The current ratio at year end is 1.5 : 1
The total current assets is 1.5 * $ 60,000 = $ 90,000
The short term investments is calculated as
Total Current assets - Current assets excluding short term investments
$ 90,000 - $ 85,000 = $ 5,000 Short Term Investments
For determining the retained earnings, we have to use the balance sheet equation.
Total assets = Total liabilities + Stockholders Equity
Total assets = Current assets + Fixed Assets
Total assets = $ 90,000 + 120,000 ( Net Property Plant & Equipment)
Total assets = $ 210,000
Total liabilities = Current Liabilities + Long term Liabilities
$ 60,000 + 30,000 (Note Payable ) = $ 90,000
Using the balance sheet equation
$ 210,000 ( Total assets) - $ 90,000 (Total Liabilities) + Shareholders Equity
$ 120,000 = Shareholders equity
Shareholders equity = Capital + Retained earnings
$ 120,000 = $ 100,000 + Retained earnings
Retained Earnings = $ 20,000
a) Total current assets: $85,000. b) Short term investments cannot be determined. c) Retained earnings cannot be determined.
Explanation:a) Total current assets can be calculated by adding together the Cash and cash equivalents, Accounts receivable (net), and Inventories. In this case, the total current assets would be $5,000 + $20,000 + $60,000 = $85,000.
b) Short term investments are not explicitly mentioned in the information provided. Therefore, we cannot determine the value of short term investments.
c) Retained earnings cannot be determined with the information provided. Retained earnings represents the accumulated profits or losses of a company since its inception. To calculate retained earnings, we would need additional information such as net income, dividends, and any previous year's retained earnings.
Refer to Exhibit 2-2. If PPF2 is the relevant production possibilities frontier, then point __________ illustrates inefficiency.
Answer: F
Explanation:
Production possibility frontier checks the alternative combination of products that is possible based on available resources and useful technology.
NOTE: Exhibit 2-2 is curved.
Although, in reality most PPF2 are curved, which means that there is an increase in opportunity costs due to the commensurate increase in the number of goods produced. And this is so in most cases.
Therefore, with reference to Exhibit 2-2, if PPF2 is the relevant Production Possibilities Frontier, then point F illustrates inefficiency.
Which of the following will result in the recognition of gross income?
a.Gail’s employer allows her to set aside $4,000 from her wages to cover the cost of daycare for Gail’s four-year-old daughter. Gail’s daycare costs are $4,300 for the year.
b.Hannah purchases a new sofa from her employer, Sofas-R-Us, for $1,200. The cost of the sofa to the furniture store is $1,100 and the sofa normally sells for $1,700.
c.Jayden’s employer purchases her commuting pass for the subway at a cost of $225 per month.
d.Havana is a lawyer. The law firm she works for pays for her subscription to Lawyer’s Weekly, a trade magazine for attorneys.
e.None of the above will result in recognition of gross income.
It's definitely E because none of the above mentioned anything of gross income,which is total annual income
The recognition of gross income is typically applied when an individual gains additional wealth. In the given options, only Jayden's commuting pass by the employer, as a non-cash benefit, will generally be recognized as gross income.
The recognition of gross income depends on whether there's an accrual of financial benefits that are quantifiable in an individual's wealth. In the cases mentioned:
A) Gail's employer only enabled her to set money aside and did not provide extra financial benefits, so this will not result in the recognition of gross income.
B) The discount Hannah receives due to purchasing a sofa below its selling price does not result in additional wealth that needs to be counted as gross income.
C) Jayden's commuting pass is a non-cash, fringe benefit and is generally taxable. Therefore, it will typically result in the recognition of gross income.
D) Havana's firm covering her subscription costs for a trade magazine is a typical business expense and it generally does not count as gross income.
Therefore, among the options, only Jayden's case (option c) requires the recognition of gross income.
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Transanomics Corp recently issued at par value 5-year bonds with a par value of $500,000, dated January 1, 2015 and bearing an interest at an annual rate of 10% payable quarterly on March 31, June 30, September 30 and December 31st. The initial journal entry made by Transanomics Corp. was:
Answer:
Issued Bond was the liabilities for Transanomics Corp. It receives cash against the issuance of bonds.
Initial Journal Entry by Transanomics Corp.
Dr. Cr.
January 1, 2015
Cash $500,000
Note Payable $500,000
Percentage change is calculated as Group of answer choices the change in elasticity divided by the quantity. quantity divided by the change in quantity. the change in quantity divided by the quantity. g
Answer:
the change in quantity divided by the quantity.
Explanation:
Percentage Change in any variable is calculated by :
(Change in Variable / Variable old value ) x 100 ; where
Change in Variable = Variable New Value - Variable Old Value
Example : If Price change from 10 to 15
Percentage change in price = (Change in Price / Old Price) x 100
= [(15-10) / 10] x 100
= [ 5/10 ] x 100
= 50%
The Salty Pawz margins are good, but would Wanda be better off by lowering prices and potentially selling more? Would dropping her price even make a difference, or would she just be giving away her profits? What would be the impact on demand if she reduced her price?
Use the "Supply and Demand" data beginning on page 8 of the Salty Pawz Case Study. The information there illustrates the potential impacts on quantity supplied and quantity demanded at various price points for Salty Pawz products.
Using the charts and data, create a graphical representation of Supply and Demand Curves for the four Salty Pawz products that Wanda sells.
For each product, determine the equilibrium point where Quantity Supplied = Quantity Demanded.
The demand for goods and services are often influenced by different factors. The answers are explained below.
The effects of lowering prices?The dropping of her price will make a big difference. Lowering the price of goods or services have an effect on demand. This is because, as the price goes up, the quantity demanded goes down and when the price decreases, quantity demanded will also increases.
On the fact that lowering your prices affects profits. This is a Question of Profit. Note that if the costs of your item is the same, lowering prices to increase sales will also lowers the profit margin that one can make on each unit item that was sold.
But studies has shown that lowering prices will lead to greater sales volumes, which may stand in the gap for the lower profit margin.
Lower or reduction in prices tend to affect or influence demand a great deal as it said to increase the interest in a product leading to an increase in quantity demanded.
From the graph, we see that the increase in price brought quantity demand down will at lower price, quantity demand were more.
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Bramble Gravity Grips produces spike sets for track shoes. CEO Brittany Bramble has gathered the following information about the company’s sales volume and marketing cost for the past six months: Sales Volume Total Marketing Costs January 550,836 $82,736 February 390,836 $74,527 March 561,496 $83,060 April 543,000 $82,320 May 546,928 $82,520 June 552,808 $82,888Compute the total fixed marketing cost. (For computation puposes round variable cost to 2 decimal places, e.g. 52.75 and final answer to 0 decmial places, e.g. 5,275.)
Final answer:
To calculate the total fixed marketing cost, sum up the marketing costs for each month which equals $488,051.
Explanation:
To calculate the total fixed marketing cost, you need to sum up the marketing costs for each month. In this case, the marketing costs for the past six months are:
January: $82,736February: $74,527March: $83,060April: $82,320May: $82,520June: $82,888Add the above values together to get the total fixed marketing cost:
Total fixed marketing cost = $82,736 + $74,527 + $83,060 + $82,320 + $82,520 + $82,888 = $488,051.
Productivity can be improved by: A. decreasing outputs while holding inputs steady. B. increasing inputs while holding outputs steady. C. decreasing inputs while holding outputs steady. D. increasing inputs and outputs in the same proportion. E. None of the above.
Answer and Explanation:
C. decreasing inputs while holding outputs steady
Productivity can be improved by decreasing inputs while holding outputs steady.
Explanation:The correct answer to the question is option C: decreasing inputs while holding outputs steady.
Productivity can be improved by decreasing inputs while holding outputs steady. This means finding ways to produce the same or better outputs with fewer resources, such as reducing waste, streamlining processes, or implementing more efficient technologies.
For example, a manufacturing company may invest in new machines or equipment that require less energy or manpower to produce the same number of products. By reducing the inputs required, they can improve their productivity without affecting the outputs.
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Suppose two economists are debating tax reform bill. Both economists agree that the bill would increase the after-tax income of the top 5% of income earners. However, they disagree on whether the bill would improve the tax system. Which of the following is the most plausible reason for why these economists disagree?a) A lack of evidence about the long-run impact of the proposed bill.b) Differences in methodology.c) Different choices about the right simplifications to use in economic analysis.d) Differences in values.
Answer:
The correct answer is letter "C": Different choices about the right simplifications to use in economic analysis.
Explanation:
Economic Analysis refers to the study of economic situations within a region using different tools for that purpose that will let determine what the possible solutions and consequences of taking decisions of those situations could be. That is why in the case the two economists after analyzing the effects of the tax reform bill decided not to implement it.
Economists may disagree on the merits of a tax reform bill due to differences in values, with some prioritizing economic growth and efficiency, while others focus on equity and redistribution of income.
If two economists are debating a tax reform bill and disagree on whether the bill would improve the tax system, despite agreeing that the bill would increase after-tax income for the top 5% of income earners, the most plausible reason for their disagreement could be differences in values. Economists can have differing perspectives on the outcomes of tax policies based on their inherent values and priorities. Some might prioritize efficiency and the minimization of economic distortions, while others might place more importance on equity and the redistribution of income. Moreover, debates over tax policy often revolve around trade-offs between a more progressive tax system, which levies higher taxes on higher earners, and a regressive tax system, which is uniformly applied, thus affecting high and low earners more equally.
Values come into play significantly when considering the ultimate goals of the tax system, whether to prioritize economic growth or to reduce income inequality. Debates on whether tax cuts stimulate enough investment and economic growth or simply widen the income gap due to minimal 'trickle-down' effect also reflect differing values. Furthermore, divisions can emerge based on whether one believes that the tax system should aim to redistribute resources more equally or should interfere minimally with individual economic decisions.
England and Scotland both produce scones and sweaters. Suppose that an English worker can produce 50 scones per hour or 1 sweater per hour. Suppose that a Scottish worker can produce 40 scones per hour or 2 sweaters per hour. a. Which country has the absolute advantage in the production of each good? Which country has the comparative advantage? b. If England and Scotland decide to trade, which commodity will Scotland trade to England? Explain. c. If a Scottish worker could produce only 1 sweater per hour, would Scotland still gain from trade? Would England still gain from trade? Explain.
Answer:
200 water
Explanation:
the water must be 200 degrees celecus
The market supply of cigarettes is shown in the table below.
Supply of Cigarettes
Quantity of Cigarettes Supplied (packs)
Price (dollars) Pre-Tax Post-Tax
$1.00 100
1.50 150
2.00 200
2.50 250
3.00 300
Imagine that, in order to discourage people from smoking, the government decides to place an excise tax on every pack of cigarettes sold directly affecting suppliers. As a result of the tax, the supply of cigarettes decreases by 150 packs of cigarettes at each price.
Graph the pre-tax market supply curve and graph the after-tax market supply curve.
2. Managers at a local home improvement store see that new home sales in their area have increased. They order more refrigerators for their store. They likely do this because they assume that:
a. new homes and refrigerators are complements
b. new homes and refrigerators are substitutes
c. refrigerators are inferior goods
d. refrigerators are normal goods
The answer & explanation for this question is given in the attachment below.
The Terrence Co. manufactures two products, Baubles and Trinkets. The following are projections for the coming year: Baubles Trinkets 16,000 units 8,000 units Sales $16,000 $16,000 Costs: Fixed$3,600 $11,520 Variable 6,400 10,000 3,200 14,720 Income before taxes $6,000 $1,280 How many Baubles will be sold at the break-even point, assuming that the facilities are jointly used with the sales mix remaining constant
Answer:
Bauble to be sold for break even = 5484
Explanation:
Sales Mixture = 16000 : 8000 = 2:1 2 : 1
Bauble Trinkets
Selling Price P.u (16/16) : (16/8) = 1 2
Variable Cost (6400/16000) : ( 11520/16000) = (0.4) (0.72)
Contribution margin Per unit (Sp-Vc) = 0.6 1.28
Com-posit Cm 2 baubles 1 trinkets = 0.6*2+1.28*1 = 2.48
Fix Cost Total = 3200+3600 = 6800
Break-Even units = 6800/2.48 = 2741
Baubles 2742*2 = 5484*0.6 = 3290.4
Trinkets 2742*1 = 2742*1.28 = 3509.7
The Terrence Co. must sell 6000 units of Baubles to reach their break-even point assuming the sales mix remains constant. This was calculated using the information given about fixed costs, variable costs and selling price for this product.
Explanation:In order to find the break-even point for Baubles, you first have to understand how the costs for this product are distributed. Fixed costs for Baubles are $3,600 and variable costs (per unit) are $6,400 / 16,000 = $0.4. The selling price per unit of Baubles is $16,000 / 16,000 = $1.
The contribution margin per unit, which is selling price per unit minus variable cost per unit, is hence $1 - $0.4 = $0.6. Break-even point can be found using the formula: Fixed Costs / Contribution Margin per Unit, which translates to $3,600/$0.6 = 6000 units. Therefore, Terrance Co. needs to sell 6000 Baubles to reach the break-even point, assuming the sales mix remains constant.
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Art is in the 24% marginal tax bracket for 2019. He owes a $10,000 bill for business expenses. Because he reports taxable income on a cash basis, he can deduct the $10,000 in either 2019 or 2020, depending on when he makes the payment. He can pay the bill at any time before January 31, 2020, without incurring the normal 8% interest charge. If he expects to be in a 32% marginal tax bracket for 2020, he should pay the bill and claim the deduction in 2020 . How much tax saving will Art realize by claiming the deduction in the year you answered above if the present value factor for 1 period at 8% equals 0.926?
Answer:
$740.8
Explanation:
To answer this question the following steps are undertaken
1) We consider the Marginal tax bracket Art falls within. And it becomes obvious that his bracket in 2020 is higher than that of 2019. The implication of this discovery is that claiming expenses in 2020 will save more taxes for Art than in 2019.
2) What is his tax savings in 2020 = $10,000 x (0.32-0.24) = $800
Finally, since the present value of tax savings is 0.926
Then the tax savings to realize for 2020 is
$800 x 0.926 = $740.8
Compute the present value of $1,500 paid in three years using the following discount rates: 5 percent in the first year, 6 percent in the second year, and 7 percent in the third year. (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to 2 decimal places.).
Final answer:
The present value of $1,500 paid in three years with respective discount rates of 5%, 6%, and 7% per year, calculated sequentially, is $1,259.18 when rounded to two decimal places.
Explanation:
To compute the present value of $1,500 paid in three years with varying discount rates for each year, we apply these rates accordingly for each of the three years sequentially.
For the first year at 5%, the formula is: PV1 = FV / (1 + r1), where PV1 is the present value after the first year, FV is the future value, and r1 is the first-year discount rate.
For the second year at 6%, the calculation is based on the first year's present value PV1, and the formula is: PV2 = PV1 / (1 + r2).
For the third year at 7%, the formula is: PV3 = PV2 / (1 + r3). Once we have the present value for the third year PV3, that is the final present value of the $1,500 paid in three years.
We first calculate the present value after one year: $1,500 / (1 + 0.05) = $1,500 / 1.05 = $1,428.57 (Do not round intermediate calculations).
Then, we calculate the present value after two years: $1,428.57 / (1 + 0.06) = $1,428.57 / 1.06 = $1,347.72.
Finally, the present value after three years using a 7% discount rate for the third year: $1,347.72 / (1 + 0.07) = $1,347.72 / 1.07 = $1,259.18. Rounding the final answer to two decimal places, the present value is $1,259.18.
The screening process involves . A. choosing a setting to have group B. deciding how to publicize C. choosing a co-leader D. interviewing potential group members
Answer:
The correct answer is D
Explanation:
Screening process is the procedure which is used to evaluate the applicant qualifications for the job and the potential job fit for the position to which the person applied for. It involves or a variety of the elements like the skills grounded assessments, pre employment testing and interviewing candidate.
Under this process, the applicant profile is evaluated in order to check the eligibility of the applicant for the job. So, it involves interviewing the potential group members.
The screening process in group formation includes selecting potential leaders, making key decisions, and maintaining group member behavior, with leaders emerging based on communicative behaviors and contributions.
The screening process for group formation involves various stages, including choosing leaders, making decisions, and controlling the behaviors of group members. A group leader may be formally designated or may emerge naturally during early group meetings. When interviewing potential group members, it's important to recruit people who are culturally sensitive and have good social skills to ensure participants feel at ease.
During the first stage of leadership emergence, communicative behaviors are key in determining who will continue to be considered for a leadership role. This stage involves a level of formality and guarded interaction as participants navigate the early dynamics of group formation. Ultimately, the goal is to establish group boundaries, define roles, and set the direction for task accomplishment.