Answer:
a. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Explanation:
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) -
It is the lung disorder , which can lead to the hindrance in the flow of air from the lungs , is referred to as Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) .
As , from the name , chronic means - short term , hence , this disorder is for short period of time .
The symptoms of this disease are as follow -
wheezing , cough , difficulty in breathing , mucus production etc .
This condition arises , due to long exposure to harmful gases , which may be due to pollution , or smoking cigarette .
The disease can even lead to heart disease , lung cancer etc.
Hence , from the given scenario of the question ,
The correct option is a. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) .
A cup of skim milk has 8 grams of protein and the Daily Value for protein is 50 grams. What is the % Daily Value for protein in a cup of milk? a. 6 percent b. 16 percent c. 30 percent d. 24 percent e. 8 percent
Answer:
B) 16 percent
Explanation:
In the given question, it is mentioned that
the total consumption of protein should be 50 g
But a cup of milk contains only 8 g
Therefore the cup of milk contains only some percent of the total milk consumption which can be calculated as follows:
[tex]\dfrac{\text{amount of protein consumed}}{\text{total amount of protein}}\times 100[/tex]
[tex]=\dfrac{8}{50}\times 100\\\\=16\%[/tex]
Thus, option-B is the correct answer.
Answer:
16 percent
Explanation:
Milk is one of the most important component of the diet. Milk contains carbohydrates, protein fats and other animals.
The % Daily Value for protein in a cup of milk can be calculated as follows;
Protein percentage% = Given amount of protein / Daily value of protein.
Given amount of protein = 8 grams and Daily value of protein = 50 grams.
Protein percentage = 8 / 50 × 100.
Protein percentage = 16%.
In the given question, it is mentioned that
Thus, option-B is the correct answer.
Carlton, a 6-year-old boy, was playing on a sandy beach with his mother. He began to run along the shoreline when he stepped on the sharp edge of a shell, giving himself a deep cut on his foot. His mother washed his foot in the lake and put on his running shoe to take him home. One day later, Carlton’s foot looked worse. The gash was red and painful. The foot was warm to touch and appeared swollen. Carlton’s mom put some gauze over the wound and prepared to take him to the local community health clinic.
A. What is the physiologic mechanism causing the wound to become red, hot, swollen, and painful?
B. How is this different than the inflammatory response that might occur in an internal organ?
C. What are the immunologic events that are happening at the local level during Carlton’s acute inflammatory response?
Answer:
A skin infection occurs when there are too many germs for the white blood cells to fight and kill. The WBCs begin to expel chemicals into the wound site and this causes the redness and warmth in that area. The chemicals also cause fluid [plasma] leakage from the blood which causes swelling in that area. The swelling may stimulate the nerves which accounts for the pain.
* Inflammatory response in internal organs occurs when the damaged cells begin to release chemicals like histamine, bradykinin and prostaglandins. These chemicals cause blood vessels to leak, releasing plasma into the tissue and causing swelling in that area.
* The platelets in the blood cell are activated to stop the bleeding from the cut. The platelets also secrete chemicals called cytokines into the blood to start the healing process. They also alert the immune system which release several immune cells which begin scanning for germs in the blood. The macrophages start destroying the germs and disposing off the dead body cells. The T-cells and B- cells receive the signals from dendritic cells, which are activated by the macrophages. The T-cells and B-cells come into action and help the body fight off the germs.
At the site of the injury, swelling occurs due to concentration of different cells and tissue fluids in the area
The inflammation causing redness, warmth, swelling, and pain in Carlton's foot is due to the release of chemicals that increase blood flow and white blood cell accumulation at the injury site. Unlike skin, internal organs might not exhibit visible signs of inflammation but follow a similar immunologic process. Immune cells arrive at the site to neutralize pathogens and initiate healing.
Explanation:Physiologic Mechanism of Inflammation
The physiologic mechanism causing the wound on Carlton's foot to become red, hot, swollen, and painful is known as inflammation. When the sharp edge of a shell cut Carlton's foot, chemicals such as cytokines and histamines were released. These chemicals cause dilation of blood vessels, increased blood flow to the area, and the attraction of white blood cells, which leads to the appearance of warmth and redness. The increased blood flow and the accumulation of white blood cells and fluid lead to swelling and pain.
Difference in Inflammatory Response
While the inflammatory response in the skin involves redness and heat due to the dilated blood vessels and increased blood flow at the visible surface, an internal organ's inflammatory response may not show these external signs. The internal response still involves the same basic mechanism, but the signs may not be as immediately apparent, and symptoms can differ depending on the affected organ.
Immunologic Events in Acute Inflammatory Response
During Carlton's acute inflammatory response, several immunologic events are occurring at the local level. Histamine increases blood flow, causing the wound to swell and become warm. Phagocytes and other immune cells are brought to the wound site to neutralize any potential pathogens and begin the healing process. These immune cells will also work to clear cellular debris, setting the stage for tissue repair.
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If the incidence rate of a very serious disease is 25/100,000 person-years and the prevalence of this disease in the population is 75/100,000, what is the average survival time of individuals who contract this disease? [Assume the population is in steady state.
Answer:
Explanation:
Mathematiclly;
Prevalence of a diseases = product of disease incidence and the average survival time.
Prevelence = (incidence) X (average survival time.)
( 75/100,000 )= (25/100,000) X ????.
but 75/100,000 =0.00075. (Prevalence)
and 25/100,000= 0,0025. ( Incidence)
Therefore ;
AVERAGE SURVIVAL TIME = (PREVALENCE / INCIDENCE
= 0,00075/0,00025.
AVERAGE SURVIVAL TIME = 3 years.
Thus it took them a period of 3 years to survive from diagnosis till death.
Which of the following risk factors can have an immediate impact on a person's health?
A.
eating too much junk food
B.
not exercising for at least 30 minutes a day
C.
not wearing a seat belt while driving
D.
smoking cigarettes
Answer:
Smoking cigarettes
Explanation:
smoking can have a high immediate impact on the health and affects the brain the respiratory, digestive, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and immune systems by causing myriads of damage.
Answer:
C.
not wearing a seat belt while driving
Explanation:
The questions is asking for the "Immediate" Risk factor
In fact, if you don't wear your seat belt, you could be thrown into an opening airbag and be injured or even killed too. Try to adopt the habit of always putting your safety belt on every time you get into a vehicle. No matter where you are sitting or the distance you are going. Ask your passengers to buckle up also.
In South Korea, there are thousands of professional mediators, called manshin. What is their role? direct communication with multitudes of gods and spirits teaching traditional medicine teaching the legal aspects of marriage and divorce mediating interpersonal conflicts between spouses mediating interpersonal conflicts between parents and children
Answers:
To the best of my knowledge the spirit of the shaman known in Korea as manshin. I learnt hat gods, spirits or ancestors descend into the shaman, so that the shaman becomes a god herself. Besides there's an Asian movie called manshin . I think you will learn alot from it thanks
I hope this helps
Eduardo’s father, a heavy smoker, died fairly young from lung cancer. Eduardo looks at his small children and wants to lead a long and healthy life. What should be his focus? a. Avoiding unnecessary risks b. Periodic screening tests c. Researching his father’s health history d. Lifestyle factors
Answer: D Lifestyle factors
Explanation:
He doesn't need to have the same lifestyle as his father when it comes to smoking
Charlie is a 14-year-old boy who has been diagnosed with rhabdomyosarcoma, a cancer of the soft tissue that has manifested as a tumor in the orbit of his left eye (the area around his eye). He is considered stage I, because it is located in what is assessed as a "favorable area" and hasn’t metastasized to distant parts of his body.
True, the stage of rhabdomyosarcoma in the case of Charlie is stage 1.
Explanation:
Rhabdomyosarcoma a common malignant tumor affecting children.
Based on the TNM (tumor, nodes, metastasis) classification of tumor stages, rhabdomyosarcoma is said to be in stage 1 if the tumor has started or located at a favorable site like,
The eye orbital area The head and neck area A genitourinary site Bile ductsAt this stage, the size of the tumor can vary. It can grow and spread or metastasize to nearby areas but cannot to distant areas.
Answer:
Surgery and chemo
Explanation:
Surgery should be the first treatment that is done to Charlie. The doctor will remove all of the cancer that is visible and then continue with chemotherapy after the surgery to kill of any leftover cancer cells to lower the risk of the cancer coming back in the future. It would circulate the body and kill off any cancer cells that had broken away from the main tumor before operation. Hope this helped :)
Garrin is a 7-year-old boy with cystic fibrosis. The disease is caused by a genetic defect on chromosome 7. As a result, there is a defective production of protein chloride channels in epithelial cell membranes. One effect of the disease is the production of thick mucous that accumulates in Garrin’s bronchial passages. As a result, he attends a physiotherapy clinic regularly for chest percussion treatments to loosen the respiratory mucous.
Answer:
Below, is the full question as the original is incomplete.
“Garrin is a 7-year-old boy with cystic fibrosis. The disease is caused by a genetic defect on chromosome 7. As a result, there is a defective production of protein chloride channels in epithelial cell membranes.
One effect of the disease is the production of thick mucous that accumulates in Garrin's bronchial passages. As a result, he attends a physiotherapy clinic regularly for chest percussion treatments to loosen the respiratory mucous.
Garrin's disease is hereditary. What does it mean to have a genetic defect on chromosome 7 in terms of DNA, genes, and chromosomes”?
The answer is that heredity has a lot to do with genes as this are the unit saddled with the responsibility to transfer information from one generation to the other. These are located in DNAs which in turn are located in chromosomes which are quite numerous but the defective gene test on the seventh chromosome (as regards cystic fibrosis).
Chloride channels are integral ion channels which has a major function of crossing ions through the lipid bilayer and also aids the secretary cells in their functions
In cystic fibrosis, There is a retention of ions which increases intracellular osmotic pressure as there are more ions in the cell in relation to the extracellular environment. As a result, water moves into the cell, leaving mucous secretions thick and viscous and this explains what Garrin passes through.
Cystic fibrosis, a genetic disease caused by a defective gene on chromosome 7, results in the production of thick mucus in the bronchial passages. This leads to issues like difficulty in breathing. Treatments like chest percussion therapy are used to manage this.
Explanation:Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disease caused by a defective gene on chromosome 7. This defect affects the production of chloride channels in epithelial cell membranes, leading to an accumulation of thick mucus in the bronchial passages. The mucus can cause difficulty in breathing, requiring treatments like chest percussion to loosen it. For example, a child like Garrin who has cystic fibrosis would regularly undergo physiotherapy to manage this symptom.
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A proximal LAD lesion is a blockage in the left anterior descending artery, also known as the anterior interventricular artery. Explain why a heart attack caused by an obstruction of this artery is sometimes referred to as the "widow maker" heart attack.
Answer: The reason is because of how fast it can be
Explanation:
The main reason why a heart attack caused by the blockage of the Left Anterior Descending Artery is referred to as widowmaker heart attack is simply because of how fast it can kill as the heart can stop very very fast and the reason for this is because the Left Anterior Descending Artery transports a huge amount of blood and oxygen to the heart and when this is stopped, the heart suffers immensely and could stop beating.
A heart attack caused by an obstruction in the proximal LAD artery can be highly dangerous and life-threatening. Blockage of this important artery can lead to a severe and extensive heart attack, often resulting in sudden cardiac death.
Explanation:A heart attack caused by an obstruction in the proximal LAD (left anterior descending) artery is sometimes referred to as the "widow maker" heart attack because it can be highly dangerous and life-threatening. The LAD artery supplies blood to a large portion of the heart muscle, including the front and main walls of the left ventricle, which is responsible for pumping oxygenated blood throughout the body. Blockage or complete occlusion of this important artery can lead to a severe and extensive heart attack, often resulting in sudden cardiac death.
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A nutrition facts label can be found on the packaging of most food items. The label describes the nutritional composition of the food. In the United States, federal law requires that the amounts of certain nutrients be given, though manufacturers sometimes add additional information.
Consider the following minimal nutrition facts label describing the nutritional composition of oranges.
Nutrition Facts for One Medium Orange (131 g)
Calories 72 Calories from Fat 0
% Daily Value*
Total Fat 0 g 0%
Saturated Fat 0 g 0%
Cholesterol 0 mg 0%
Sodium 1 mg 0%
Total Carbohydrate 17 g 6%
Fiber 3 g 12%
Sugars 10 g
Protein 1 g
Vitamin A 7% Vitamin C 130%
Calcium 5% Iron 1%
* Percent Daily Values are calculated based on a 2,000 calorie diet.
Based on the label, is this food:
(A) a source of amino acids?
(B) a source of fatty acids?
(C) a source of fuel molecules that supply energy?
Based on the label, _______ is the most abundant macronutrient in oranges.
Oranges provide amino acids in small amounts and serve as substantial sources of fuel molecules for energy due to their carbohydrate content. However, they do not offer fatty acids. The most abundant macronutrient in oranges is carbohydrates.
Explanation:Based on the nutrition facts of the orange, it can be identified that the food is:
(A) A minor source of amino acids as indicated by the 1g of protein. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins.
(B) Not a source of fatty acids since total fat content is 0g.
(C) A source of fuel molecules that supply energy. The 72 calories indicate energy that can be utilized by the body. The carbohydrate content (17g) is the key contributor to this energy.
Based on the label, the most abundant macronutrient in oranges is carbohydrates, specifically in the form of sugars and fiber.
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Which caregiver is most likely to be warm and nurturing, but sets very few limits on a child’s behavior?
Answer:
A babysitter
Explanation:
because they care for you and even grow to love you. They also have to keep you occupied so children will not start to get out of hand because of boredom.
At what point does the risk of diabetes in obesity increase by 60%? a. When the BMI is under 25 b. If there is an additional metabolic disorder c. When the BMI is over 25 d. The result of mineral deficiencies in the blood Discussion Questions/Personal Reflection ituations that follow What potential causes of disease do you think either or both persons might have? Nathan Zimmer lives in an area of northeastern Pennsylvania where hydraulic fracturing for natural gas has elevated methane gas levels in his drinking water. Sandi Smith lives in rural western Nebraska working outdoors much of the time managing her wheat farm.
Answer: C. BMI greater than 25
Explanation:
Over the years, there has been associations between obesity and diabetes and body mass index has been one of the easiest ways to measure someone’s risk of obesity. The normal value remains 18-24.9 as values greater than this tend to be classified as overweight or obese.
Having a basal mass index of less than 25 cannot be associated with obesity hence not a risk factor for diabetes. Metabolic disorder on the other hand is not directly as a result of obesity but having a body mass index of greater than 25 can lead to obesity and hence be a risk factor for diabetes.
It should be noted that research has shown that BMI of 30 has 28 times risk for developing diabetes than normal weight. The risk rises to 93 times with a BMI of 35
If you ate a large bowl (~1.5 cups) of the Bran Flakes with Raisins cereal, how many Calories did you consume from the cereal (not including the milk)
Answer: I believe you would consume 285 calories from the cereal without milk.
Explanation: Given that one serving(1 cup) is equal to 59 grams.
Then the calories per serving is 190.
You ate 1.5 cups (1 1/2 cups) Divide 190 by 2
190/2 = 95
190 + 95 = 285
Because he did not follow the precise schedule for taking his various medications, Latrell is suddenly feeling very agitated and confused. What is Latrell likely experiencing?
Answer:
If Latrell is suddenly feeling very agitated and confused then it's a symptom of delirium. A sudden change in brain results in delirium in which the patient feels hard to remember, sleep and can't focus on anything. It leads to the mental confusion, hallucinations etc.
Explanation:
Which is a factor that influences the development of cardiovascular disease?
smoking
growth of bacteria
lack of calcium
sun exposure
Smoking increases the development of cardiovascular disease.
According to the 2014 , Surgeon General’s Report on smoking and health, it was found that smoking is a major cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and causes approximately one of every four deaths from CVD.
Chemicals in cigarette smoke cause the cells that line blood vessels to become swollen and inflamed. This can narrow the blood vessels and can lead to many cardiovascular conditions.
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1. Industrial hygienists are trained to anticipate, recognize, evaluate, and recommend controls for environmental and physical hazards. true or false
Answer:
True
Explanation:
To the best of my knowledge, Industrial hygienists analyze, identify, and measure workplace hazards or stresses that can cause sickness, impaired health, or significant discomfort in workers through chemical, physical, ergonomic, or biological exposures.
Characters in folk literature are typically easily identifiable as good or bad
True
False
Answer:
True characters are usually easily identifiable in folk literature
Answer:
True
Explanation:
The characters in folk literature are usually direct, simple and straightforward to identify. They are typically either extremely good or entirely evil and very easy to identify. They have no deeper feelings and are rarely disturbed by mental torment.
The article was headlined, "Two Cups of Coffee Can Reduce the Risk of Liver Disease, Study Finds." A meta-analysis, based on combining nine previous studies involving 430,000 individuals, concluded that consumption of two cups of coffee a day reduced the chance of cirrhosis of the liver by 44 percent; even greater consumption was found to further reduce the risk of the disease.
a. The response variable in this study is:
b. not given in the quote above.
c. incidence of cirrhosis of the liver.
d. coffee consumption.
e. There is no response variable because it is a meta-analysis.
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
The article states that 2 cups of coffee a day reduces the risk of liver cirrhosis. But if the quantity of coffee is increased more than two cups a day then its consumption can be a preventive measure of liver cirrhosis .
In this disease the liver does not functions properly. This is caused to long term use of alcohol, hepatitis B or long term disease.
The increased consumption of coffee favors the prevention of liver cirrhosis and many more liver diseases.
A group of volunteers for a clinical trial consists of 88 women and 87 men. 20 of the women and 17 of the men have high blood pressure. Are high blood pressure and gender independent? Explain.
Answer:
High pressure and gender are independent
Explanation:
High pressure and gender are two distinct variables that are not dependent on one other , although some studies have affirmed that high blood pressure is rampant among a specific gender than the other, some other studies have stated otherwise. Lifestyle behavior and how we react to it is generally the causes of high blood pressure, so breaking it down, causes of high blood pressure have been found to be same on some occasions in both genders, while some might be gender specific.
Conclusively, High blood pressure is not caused by the mere reason of being a particular gender therefore making the both variables independent.
By comparing the proportions of men and women who have high blood pressure, we find that they are not equal, suggesting that high blood pressure and gender are not independent. However, this is not definitive proof of a correlation.
Explanation:To determine whether high blood pressure and gender are independent, you can calculate the proportion of women and men who have high blood pressure, and then compare those proportions.
Out of 88 women, 20 have high blood pressure, which means approximately 22.7% (20/88 = 0.227) have high blood pressure.
Out of 87 men, 17 have high blood pressure, which means approximately 19.5% (17/87 = 0.195) of men have high blood pressure.
If gender and high blood pressure were independent, we would expect the proportions of men and women with high blood pressure to be approximately equal. However, the proportions are not equal, so we can say that high blood pressure and gender are not independent.
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All of these items followed the direction of the arrow EXCEPT A) measles. B) syphilis. C) tobacco. D) tomato.
Answer:
The answer would most likely be D.) Tomato. Was there any chart or photo attached to this question?
Answer: All of these items followed the direction of the arrow EXCEPT A) measles. B) syphilis. C) tobacco. D) tomato.
Explanation:
This is supposed to be the picture attachted to it.
To receive a diagnosis of substance use disorder, an individual must satisfy at least two diagnostic criteria, one of which has to be a symptom of physical dependence (tolerance or withdrawal).
a. True
b. False
Answer: TRUE
Explanation: Substance use disorder is also known as drug use disorder. This can be described as a condition which results when chemical substances used causes clinically significant impairment or distress. The drugs that belongs to this class includes:
-alcohol
- hallucinogens
-caffeine.
To receive a diagnosis of substance use disorder, an individual must satisfy at least two diagnostic criteria, one of which has to be a symptom of
- physical dependence (tolerance or withdrawal).
- persistent use of the chemical substance or drug even with the knowledge of the harm it causes. I hope this helps. Thanks.
Setting up a circuit training program would not be a beneficial, sports-specific training method for skiers.
Answer:
false
Explanation:
Circuit training program, containing a style of workout session where an individual is expected to cycle through five to ten types of exercises that taxes the strength of the muscles, endurance and cardiorespiratory system, would be beneficial to trained persons who use skis to glide on snow.
By doing the Push-ups and sit-ups, skiers can burn up to 10 calories in sixty second.
Answer:
definitely false on edge
Explanation:
Which of the following medication decrease the hepatic production of glucose?a) Biguanidesb) Meglitinidesc) Alpha-glucosidase inhibitorsd) Sulfonylureas
Answer: a) Biguanides
Explanation:
It is known that the patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus are characterized by insulin resistance. It is characterized by the decrease in insulin levels by the insulin mediated glucose uptake by the peripheral tissues. This is also responsible for the increase in rate of haptic glucose production.
Biguanides are used to slow down the increasing rates of hepatic gluconeogenesis. This is done by inhibiting the two key enzymes of hepatic gluconeogenesis.
Answer:
a) Biguanides
A runner burns 3.51×103kJ during a five-mile run. How many nutritional Calories did the runner burn?
Answer: The runner burnt 14.625 cal.
Explanation: KiloJoule and Calories are two unit of energy.
To convert kJ in cal:
1kJ = 0.24Kcal
3.51.10³ kJ = x
x = [tex]\frac{3.51.10^{3} }{0.24}[/tex]
x = 14.625.10³ Kcal
However, it is asked for calories, not kilocalories. So, to find that it is only needed to divide the number by 1000 or multiply by [tex]10^{-3}[/tex]:
14.625.10³.[tex]10^{-3}[/tex] = 14.625 cal
The runner burn 14.625 nutritional calories.
Which are the followings are true about Vitamin B1? A. Lack of it causes neurological diseases B. Its derivative is involved in the pyruvate to acetyl-CoA reaction D. Its derivative is involved in the alpha-ketoglutarate to succinyl-CoA reaction
Answer:
True statements about vitamin B1
A. Lack of it causes neurological diseased
B. Its derivative is involved in the pyruvate to acetyl-CoA reaction.
There’s important to say that OPTION C IS MISSING!
Explanation:
The lack of vitamin B1 can cause Beriberi. This issue can affect the nervous system. Thiamine deficiency is responsible for the Korsakoff syndrome too, which is a neurological disorder. Because of this, answer A is correct. When it comes to option B, it is true because Thiamine Triphisphate (ThTP) is a derivative involved in the pyruvate to acetyl-CoA reaction. Option D is wrong because it’s derivatives are involved in different metabolic processes.
Note that common tasks are listed toward the top, and less common tasks are listed toward the bottom. According to O*NET, what are some common tasks performed by Biomedical Engineers?
it's 2 4 and 6
Explanation:
What condition is indicated by the absence of sweating with hot, dry skin and an elevated core temperature of 104ºF or higher?
Heat stroke
Explanation:
Heat stroke symptoms
Body gets overheated to an elevated temperature of 104°F or higherNo sweat or perspirationHot and dry skinDifficulty to breatheHigh pulse rateSeizuresHallucinations or disorientationUnconsciousness or comaCan cause deathTo prevent heat strokes
Stay hydratedStay indoorsAvoid over exhaustionWear light airy clothesHeat stroke is the condition indicated by absence of sweating, hot dry skin and elevated core temperature
Explanation:
Prolonged exposure to high temperature causes a heat stroke. This is usually accompanied with dehydration which impairs the body’s temperature control system and elevates the core body temperature to 104 degree Fahrenheit.
This affects the central nervous system and causes neurological symptoms like dizziness, headache, seizures, unconsciousness, confusion, staggering, and disorientation.
Other symptoms include
Hot and dry skin due to lack of sweating in spite of extreme heat exposure Rapid heartbeat and breathing Muscle cramps Nausea and vomiting due to dehydrationIf Jacques were to hold his breath the air in his lungs would be kept at a constant temperature. Would it be safe for Jacques to hold his breath while ascending from the bottom of the lake to the surface
Answer:
No, it would not be safe
Explanation:
When you ascend in water, the air inside your lungs is no more safe. In a case where you hold your breath when you are ascending to the surface of the lake, your lungs and the air inside will expand because the pressure of water is reduced. Since the lung is an enclosed organ, the air has nowhere to go, and thus keeps swelling against your lung walls, despite the ability of the lung to expand finitely. Exactly as it is when too much air is pumped into a balloon, it pops; same way the lung can collapse or tear. When your lungs over-expand, air bubbles enter your bloodstream or excess pressure in your heart, and these are both fatal happenings.
_____ has been defined as the ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice.
Answer: Public health surveillance.
Explanation: Surveillance is the collection of data, the data which helps to know about problems of health and disease. This data after analysis is essential for taking steps for prevention. Vaccine if needed to be developed for prevention, then this plays an important role.
Your eye is designed to work in air. Surrounding it with water impairs its ability to form images. Consequently, scuba divers wear masks to allow them to form images properly underwater. However, this does affect the perception of distance, as you will calculate. Consider a flat piece of plastic (index of refraction np) with water (index of refraction nw) on one side and air (index of refraction na) on the other. If light is to move from the water into the air, it will be refracted twice: once at the water/plastic interface and once at the plastic/air interface.
Refraction is the adjustment in bearing of a wave going starting with one medium then onto the next or from a progressive change in the medium.
Explanation:
Refraction is the bowing of a wave when it enters a medium where its speed is extraordinary. The refraction of light when it goes from a quick medium to a moderate medium twists the light beam toward the ordinary to the limit between the two media.
We have discovered that refraction happens as light goes over the limit between two media. The transmission of light over a limit between two media is joined by a change in both the speed and wavelength of the wave. Due to refraction of light, the article gives off an impression of being raised when set submerged.