Why do we have such a high crime/violence rate in the U.S.? <br /><br />Sociology Social Problems Course

Answer:

cognitive maps

Explanation:

Cognitive maps refers to the representation of our surroundings or phenomenons that we store in our memory.

From the experiment above, the rats that explore the maze without reward remembers the path of the mazes just as well as the rats that explore it with reward. So, when they are tested together, their cognitive maps allow them to reach the destination at similar speed.

The correct answer is C. Conflict

Explanation:

Karl Marx was an important sociologist, economist, and philosopher known for his multiple publications that dealt with society, economy, and politics. In terms of society, Karl Marx proposed societies are organized in different classes each with different levels of power which leads to conflict or class struggle commonly between the ruling classes and those that are dominated. Additionally, for Marx this conflict or class struggle was the base for the evolution and development of societies and the structures in them, considering dominating classes in history have changed leading to different economic and social systems as in the case of Capitalism that was the result of the bourgeoisie dominating the proletariat. Therefore the element Karl Marx believed social structure evolve through is conflict and especially the conflict in term of class struggle.

Final answer:

The example of environmental racism is a situation where a disproportionate percentage of people of color live in environmentally hazardous areas, as found by sociologist Robert Bullard's research.

Explanation:

Environmental racism refers to instances where minority and low-income communities face a greater burden of pollution and environmental hazards. A notable example of this is when a disproportionate percentage of people of color live in environmentally hazardous areas, dealing with hazardous waste facilities, lead poisoning, and other environmental health threats. Research, such as the study by sociologist Robert Bullard, has found that race can be a more significant predictor than socioeconomic status for the placement of hazardous waste facilities.

In the case of the multiple-choice question presented, the correct answer is (a) The fact that a disproportionate percentage of people of color live in environmentally hazardous areas. This scenario illustrates how communities of color are often situated in areas with a higher concentration of environmental pollutants, which significantly impacts their health and quality of life.

The true cost of going skiing includes the expense of the activity itself plus the opportunity cost of forgoing work or study time, which represents potential earnings lost or educational benefits not gained.

The true cost of going skiing on a Saturday when you had planned to work at your part-time job is not just the monetary cost of the ski trip but also the opportunity cost of the wages you would have earned at your job. Similarly, if you were planning to spend the day studying at the library, the cost of going skiing includes the ski expenses plus the opportunity cost of the study time you are giving up, which could potentially impact your academic performance.

Every activity chosen has a cost, and when you engage in one, you forfeit the opportunity to do something else, which can be just as valuable. This concept, known as opportunity cost, is crucial in making informed decisions. For instance, attending college has both out-of-pocket and opportunity costs because the time spent in class and studying precludes working at a paying job. The cumulative cost therefore includes both the financial expenses and the foregone earnings.

Hello There!

Your answer would be "D"

Employees are expected to act in responsible ways, even if the law does not require it.

Answer:

A. Judical- relating to a system that administer justice

Answer:    Sex ratio

Explanation:  The sex ratio or the gender ratio, as some argue, because according to some scientists these two terms are not interchangeable, is the ratio between the number of men and the number of women in the population. This ratio varies and depends on the type of society, i.e. it depends on economic, social, cultural, biological and technological conditions. The ratio of genders in the population, that is, the number of men and women can be affected by migration, higher mortality in some of the gender, as well as the average length of the life of the genders.

The measure comparing the number of men to women in a population is the sex ratio, a key demographic statistic that reflects the balance between males and females, influenced by various biological, social, and economic factors.

The measure that compares the number of men to women in a population is the sex ratio. The sex ratio is a demographic statistic used to describe the balance between males and females in a given population, typically expressed as the number of males for every 100 females. A low sex ratio indicates there are fewer than 100 males for every 100 females, while a high sex ratio suggests there are more than 100 males for every 100 females. This ratio helps understand population dynamics, influences of gender roles, economic decisions, and even the impacts of government policies on population compositions. Globally, more males are born than females, but due to higher mortality rates among males, the ratio can vary significantly across different regions. Factors affecting the sex ratio include infant mortality rates, males' higher exposure to risky behaviors, and the natural longevity of females in comparison to males.

Answer: closed primaries only allow registered members of a political party to vote to select that party's candidates, whereas open primaries allow all registered voters to choose which party's primary they will participate in.

Explanation.- An open primary is a primary election that does not require voters to be associated with a political party in order to vote for partisan candidates. In a traditional open primary, voters may select one party's ballot and vote for that party's nomination.

Sociologists associate sexuality with a person’s capacity for sexual feelings.

Sexuality, according to sociologists, is linked with an individual's capacity for sexual feelings. It includes a broader scope than just biological factors, encompassing expression, identity, and interactions with societal norms and institutions.

Sociologists associate sexuality with a person's capacity for sexual feelings. This involves understanding sexuality not just as a biological construct or a reflection of individual sexual orientations such as heterosexuality or homosexuality, but as a social construct too. It includes an individual's experiences, expressions, identities, and the social institutions and social norms that influence them. Therefore, sociologists view sexuality as broader than just biological factors and encompassing the full range of human sexual experiences and expressions.

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Answer: third step, developing a hypothesis

Explanation: With respect to the scientific method, Macy is working on the third step of the method, namely, developing a hypothesis. The scientific method is a series of steps that investigators use to explore observations, to find cause and effect relationships, and answer a question. The six steps of the scientific method are observation, background research, developing a hypothesis, test it with experimentation, results of the experiment, and conclusion. In the first step, Macy has found interesting topics. She has done background research reading about these topics. Now she has to develop a hypothesis.

Answer:

.c. those that have dealt successfully with the efficiency v. equality trade off and those that haven’t.

Explanation:

Mankiw believed that a country's living standard will be heavily depended on that country's ability to produce economic goods.

Countries that can manage their production efficiently, tend to be able to sold larger amount of products with relatively lower cost. This will lead to more income for the country and the people will have higher living standard because of it,

Answer:

All of the above

Explanation:

The main purpose of any school is to prepare its pupils to enter the workforce and the labor market. The standardized curriculum makes sure the pupils learn the basics that enable them to function properly after graduation and help them to find a job, the basics being reading, writing, mathematics and some other subjects.

The hidden curriculum teaches the pupils some values and shows them some rules and moral codes existing in today's society, it makes sure students know how to behave in public and how to react to different challenges in life.

Socializing pupils in teamwork is of extreme importance as most of work today is colleagues-shared and team work is required to do the jobs efficiently.

Schools prepare children for the workforce using a standardized curriculum, the hidden curriculum that imparts cultural values and social norms, and by socializing them in teamwork and collaboration.

For example, in the United States, schools instill a sense of competition and teamwork by structuring activities such as relay races and math contests. Through these activities, students learn about winning, losing, and working collaboratively. The hidden curriculum in schools also prepares children by teaching them how to navigate rules, bureaucracy, and societal expectations. This includes learning to wait patiently, follow a structured schedule, and respect authority figures. These lessons are not explicitly taught but are a critical component of the socialization that schools provide. Schools play a fundamental role in shaping how children understand and adhere to societal norms, preparing them for future roles in the workforce.

Answer:

Caregivers

Explanation:

Because they usually help needy people.

The practice where the differences between low-end and high-end jobs become greater and the number of people in the middle levels decreases is called polarization.

Polarization is the practice where the differences between low-end and high-end jobs become greater and the number of people in the middle levels decreases. Thus, option 'A' is the correct option.

Transverse waves have a feature called polarization that describes the geometric direction of the oscillations. In a transverse wave, the oscillation's direction is opposite the wave's motion direction. The vibrations that move along a taut string are a straightforward illustration of a polarized transverse wave.

For instance, a guitar string is used as a musical instrument. The vibrations can be horizontal, vertical, or at any angle perpendicular to the string, depending on how the string is plucked. In contrast, polarization does not occur in longitudinal waves, such as sound waves in a liquid or gas, because the displacement of the oscillating particles always occurs in the direction of the wave's propagation.

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Answer:

moderate income families

Explanation:

In united states, Parents from moderate income household typically has the highest working hours compared to other income classes. Because of this, the attention that they put to their children tend to be diminished, making access to high quality child care programming become a hurdle to them.

Answer: The option that is not an example of a social movement is National Football League.

Explanation: A social movement is a movement organized by individuals who have a common goal. Moreover, social movements usually seek a social change. The aims of Greenpeace are finding solutions for environmental problems and working to create a green future, while the NAACP' goal is to achieve social, racial and economic equality. The Tea Party, which is also a social movement, strives for the lowering of taxes and the reduction of the national debt. In contrast, the National Football League, or NFL, is a football organization formed by members who do not share a common goal nor strive for social change.

Answer:

Many migration movements are often forces that operate for good when goverments and policies are encouraged with good will and the process become fueled by institutions, given recognition to the migrants rights.

However the forces driving migrants often are wars, economic or natural disasters, thus it is a challenge to the states who strive and mass migration movements generate waves of people that lack the conditions for settling and often lead to social chaos , xenophobic movements and rise of the extreme right parties and policies. Lets discuss a case:

Explanation:

migration often provides labor force in replacement or abscence of young working population to developed countries  with aged population (the case of Germany).

migration often leads to problems as cultural clash occurs when migrants are unable to be assimilated (Turkish migrants unwilling to learn German language and respect the laws or Christian embedded practices).

Immigration has deep impacts on communities, bringing cultural diversity and economic benefits, but also creating challenges in terms of infrastructure strain and labor market adjustments. The USA, becoming a melting pot, showcases this complex dynamic, including its international obligations towards asylum seekers and the effects of urbanization.

The effect of immigration or emigration on individual lives or communities can be profound and multifaceted. Immigration can lead to positive outcomes such as diversification of culture and ideas, economic growth through increased demand for goods and services, and addressing skill shortages. However, it might also introduce challenges such as strain on infrastructure and public services, potential wage suppression, and social tensions. For example, the immigration-driven description of the USA as a "melting pot" reflects the cultural enrichment, while at the same time highlighting the complex dynamics of societal integration.

The economic effects of immigration include benefits to the overall economy by filling labor shortages and contributing to government revenues through taxes. However, increased competition for jobs can sometimes lead to lower wages for certain segments of the workforce or displacement of existing workers. This economic outcome can vary greatly depending on the local context and policy responses.

On the global stage, the home countries might experience a drain in human capital and economic resources when citizens emigrate, while host countries struggle with assimilating new populations. As part of international responsibilities, the United States has obligations toward underage asylum-seekers, ensuring their protection and addressing their specific needs as vulnerable populations. Additionally, the phenomenon of urbanization, often fueled by immigration, presents both opportunities for growth and challenges in managing urban development.

Southern states used literacy tests as a means to discourage African Americans from voting, which were often administered unfairly to disenfranchise them.

In the past, Southern states discouraged African Americans from voting by requiring them to take a literacy test. Literacy tests called on the prospective voter to read a passage of text and depending on the discretion of voting officials, the difficulty of these tests could vary significantly. Officials often chose more challenging passages for African American individuals, while white individuals received easier ones. This selective difficulty was a deliberate attempt to disenfranchise African American voters. In conjunction with understanding tests and other voter suppression tactics like poll taxes and good character clauses, literacy tests were a significant barrier for African American voters, especially considering that prior to the Civil War, it was illegal in many Southern states to teach enslaved individuals to read and write, leading to low literacy rates among African Americans.

The correct answer is A. Continued to gradually rise

Explanation:

In demographics, life expectancy refers to the average people in a zone or a country lives and that is directly linked to infant mortality, wards, epidemics, health systems, among others. Because of this, life expectancy varies according to the country and also according to time. In the case of U.S., it has been estimated nowadays life expectancy is around 79 years but this was lower in previous decades, for example during the World Wars life expectancy was around 60 years which means in general terms it has continued to gradually rise in the last decades.

Answer: c) predictive validity

Explanation: predictive validity refers to how likely an event is to happen

Answer:

C. Predictive validity

Answer:

a. Rationalization.

An individual experiences sexual dysfunction and blames it on a partner by calling the person unattractive and unromantic. Rationalization defense mechanism is evident. Option (a) is correct.

Evident means straightforward or obvious to the senses or intellect.

Making justifications for one's actions, deficiencies, or emotions occurs unconsciously during rationalization. Regression is when a behavior from a previous stage of emotional development is unconsciously used. Compensation is the process of overcoming deficiencies in one area by achieving success in another. An unconscious, strong identification with another person is called introjection.

Therefore, Option (a) is correct.

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Answer:

As it is intended to be short lived, you will try extra hard to gain a decent job and move back out

Answer:

100% better off worsw off -12.5 better of worse off the relative price of rice and beans

Hello. This question is incomplete. The complete question would be:

"Let's consider the effects of inflation in an economy composed of only two people: Bob, a bean farmer, and Rita, a rice farmer. Bob and Rita both always consume equal amounts of rice and beans. In 2013, the price of beans was $1, and the price of rice was $3.

Suppose that in 2014 the price of beans was $2 and the price of rice was $6.

Inflation was ..."

Answer:

Inflation was 100%

Explanation:

Inflation is the persistent and widespread increase in price value. When inflation reaches zero we say that there has been price stability.

In other words, we can say that inflation is the rise in the prices of goods and services. It implies a decrease in the purchasing power of money. Inflation is measured by price indices, so we can say that if in 2013 the price of beans was $ 1 and the price of rice was $ 3, but in 2014 the price of beans increased to $ 4 and the price rice increased to $ 6, we can say that there was inflation of 100% of the price indices of these products.

Answer:

The correct answer to the question: What is the most important commodity in a postindustrial society, would be: Information.

Explanation:

Now that the economic systems have evolved from the Industrial Revolution, and given the advancement in mechanization and technology, it is possible to find that information is the most valuable asset and access to it, to communication systems, categorizes a country into one of the four groups, depending on on what their economy focuses, and produces. As such, countries whose economies are still based on agriculture, and mining, are called primary, those who start to focus on manufacturing, more than agriculture, are called secondary. Those nations that specialize in the offering of services, are called tertiary, and those focused on learning, and research, as well as technological and scientific advancement, are part of the quaternary group. It is thus, well known, that those countries whose economies are within the third and fourth categories produce information, gather information, and distribute it, and have the power over communications systems, thus making them the most advanced, and powerful, in the world.

The most important commodity in a postindustrial society is information. Postindustrial societies, which rely more on service jobs than manufacturing, often use technologies that generate and distribute information. Therefore, the acquisition and control of information often determines social, economic, and political power.

In a postindustrial society, the most important commodity is often considered to be information. A postindustrial society is a term used to describe a stage of society's development in which the service sector generates more wealth than the industrial sector. This is often marked by a shift from manufacturing jobs to service jobs, and a reliance on a variety of technologies that facilitate the generation and distribution of information. As a result, information has taken on the role of a commodity, and its acquisition, control, and application often determine social, economic, and political power. For example, fields such as information technology, computer science, and digital marketing, all involve the manipulation and control of information.

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Key predictors for student success include socioeconomic status and family background.

Answer:

socioeconomic status and family background

Explanation:

Key predictors of student success include socioeconomic status and family background. This is because students in precarious socioeconomic situations cannot devote themselves solely to their academic activities, because they often need to help the family survive economically, many of these students even have to drop out of school to help the family. The same is not true of students of good socioeconomic status, as they have the privilege of devoting themselves solely to studies.

Similarly, family background is also considered a key predictor of student success, since once only the elite of society had access to education, this elite encouraged their descendants to study with great dedication and become influential family antecedents to this day. Those who do not have this elite as a family background came from a family that always had to fight to survive and ended up leaving their studies.

Singapore serves as an example of convergence.

Singapore is used as a model for convergence. Thus option (A) is correct

The process of convergent movement, particularly toward union or homogeneity. the point where the three rivers converge. in particular: coordinated movement of the two eyes to generate the image of a single point on comparable retinal regions

The convergence thesis contends that as product and financial markets become more integrated globally, national economies become more homogenized, or less dispersed or variable. Two methods are hypothesized to produce convergence as a result of product market integration.

Like the convergence of plum and apricot DNA in the plucot, convergence is the joining of two or more things to create a new whole. Convergence is derived from the verb verge, which means to turn toward, and the prefix con-, which means together.

Therefore, Thus option (A) is correct.

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Answer:

when they go our they go to a casino or a public place

When parents are warm and sensitive, their children are more likely to react in a concerned way to others' distress. This comes from their learned empathy and emotional response. Other parenting styles like permissiveness, authoritarianism, or discouraging emotional expressiveness might not foster the same empathy in children.

When parents are warm and sensitive, their children are likely to react in a concerned way to the distress of others. This is because children learn empathy and emotional response by observing and imitating their parents. Parents who are engaged, supportive, and responsive to their own and their children's feelings facilitate the development of empathy in their children. Children exposed to this parenting style are likely to be more sensitive to others' distress. This sensitive and responsive parenting approach fosters children's emotional development and influences their social behaviors and interpersonal relationships. In contrast, parental permissiveness, authoritarianism, or discouraging emotional expressiveness may not provide the same basis for children to develop empathy and concern for others' distress.

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Embezzlement is an example of corporate crime, which typically entails illegal activities conducted by individuals in a corporate or business environment, distinct from street or violent crimes.

Embezzlement is an example of a corporate crime, which refers to crimes committed by white-collar workers in a business environment. Corporate crime is distinct from street crimes or violent crimes as it entails illegal activities carried out through the abuse of a corporate environment. Examples include insider trading, identity theft, and various forms of financial fraud, such as Ponzi schemes and insurance scams. Unlike violent crimes such as assault, corporate crimes typically involve deception and financial manipulation that can cause widespread damage to society.

Considering the options provided:

Therefore, among the listed options, embezzlement clearly qualifies as an example of corporate crime.

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Governor Fitergald is the correct answer

An example of a regressive tax is an excise tax, and in terms of effective tax rates, a sales tax can be viewed as a regressive tax. The statements regarding regressive tax structures imposing increasing marginal tax rates and being the most common structure are incorrect. The option (C) is correct.

When the average tax rate decreases as the taxable amount increases, a regressive tax structure is present. This type of tax is detrimental to lower-income earners because it takes a larger percentage of their income compared to those with higher incomes.

Moreover, the claim that regressive tax structures are the most common tax rate structure is also incorrect, as progressive taxes are more commonly implemented, particularly in income tax systems.

This question is not complete, Here I am attaching the complete question:

Which of the following is true? Multiple Choice:

(A) A regressive tax rate structure imposes an increasing marginal tax rate as the tax base increases.

(B) Regressive tax structures are the most common tax rate structure.

(C) An example of a regressive tax is an excise tax.

(D) In terms of effective tax rates, a sales tax can be viewed as a regressive tax.

The correct statements are: An example of a regressive tax is an excise tax and In terms of effective tax rates, a sales tax can be viewed as a regressive tax.

A regressive tax is characterized by its tendency to impose a higher burden on lower-income individuals, as they pay a larger percentage of their income compared to those with higher incomes. This type of tax structure is often exemplified by excise taxes, which are specific taxes levied on certain goods, such as tobacco or alcohol.

Additionally, sales taxes are frequently viewed as regressive as well. Since lower-income individuals typically allocate a greater proportion of their income towards purchasing goods subject to sales tax, they end up paying a larger share of their income in taxes compared to wealthier individuals.