Why corrosion of aluminum is an advantage for the metal and why the corrosion of iron a serious problem

The volume of 2.0 moles of nitrogen at 0.947 atm and 20° C is obtained by using the ideal gas law PV = nRT and rearranging to solve for V with appropriate unit conversions for temperature.

To calculate the volume that 2.0 moles of nitrogen will occupy at 0.947 atm and 20° C, we can use the ideal gas law, which is PV = nRT, where P is the pressure in atmospheres (atm), V is the volume in liters (L), n is the number of moles of gas, R is the ideal gas constant (0.0821 L·atm/K·mol), and T is the temperature in Kelvin (K). To solve for V, we first convert 20° C to Kelvin by adding 273.15, resulting in 293.15 K. We then rearrange the ideal gas law to solve for V: V = (nRT)/P . Substituting in the values, we get:

V = (2.0 moles x 0.0821 L·atm/K·mol x 293.15 K) / 0.947 atm

After performing the calculations, we find the volume occupied by the nitrogen gas.

Answer:

In a primitive unit cell, particles or points are present only at the corners while in a centred unit cell, the particles or points are also present at other positions in addition to the corner.

Final answer:

The primary difference between primitive and body-centered unit cells is the number and arrangement of atoms: A primitive unit cell contains atoms only at the corners, while a body-centered unit cell has an additional atom at its center. Body-centered cells have a higher packing efficiency and contain two atoms per unit cell.

Explanation:

The difference between a primitive and body-centered unit cell lies in the arrangement and number of atoms. A primitive unit cell has atoms only at its corners, and when such cells are stacked together in three dimensions, each corner atom is shared by eight unit cells, effectively making up one atom per cell. In contrast, a body-centered unit cell not only has atoms at its corners but also contains an additional atom at the center of the cell, which is not shared with any other cells. This gives the body-centered unit cell a total of two atoms, contributing to its higher packing efficiency compared to the simple cubic unit cell.

For example, a simple cubic unit cell, like that found in Polonium, coincides with its primitive cell as both contain the equivalent of one atom. In the case of body-centered cubic (BCC) unit cells, which are more common due to their tightly packed atoms, the presence of the central atom along with the corner atoms results in a packing efficiency of about 68%. This contrasts with the simple cubic cell's efficiency of 52%. The BCC structure is capable of filling all space when repeated indefinitely and is thus used to 'build' the crystal lattice.

Answer:

That should be CaCl2. Otherwise, all your mathematics would be for naught.

Explanation:

To find the number of moles of CaCl2 produced, multiply the number of moles of HCl by the mole ratio from the balanced chemical equation.

To determine the number of moles of CaCl2 produced from 1.4 moles of HCl reacting with calcium hydroxide, we need to use the balanced chemical equation:

2 HCl + Ca(OH)2 → CaCl2 + 2 H2O

From the equation, we can see that 2 moles of HCl react with 1 mole of CaCl2. Therefore, for every mole of HCl, we will produce 1/2 mole of CaCl2.

To find the number of moles of CaCl2 produced, we can use the following calculation:

1.4 moles HCl × (1/2 moles CaCl2 / 2 moles HCl) = 0.35 moles CaCl2

Therefore, 0.35 moles of CaCl2 will be produced from 1.4 moles of HCl reacting with calcium hydroxide.

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Answer:

DNA is something they have in common.

Explanation:

Answer:

Bromine has one half filled orbital.

Explanation:

The elements of group 17 are called halogens. These are six elements Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine, Astatine. Halogens are very reactive these elements can not be found free in nature. Their chemical properties are resemble greatly with each other. As we move down the group in periodic table size of halogens increases that's way fluorine is smaller in size as compared to other halogens elements. Their boiling points also increases down the group which changes their physical states. i.e fluorine is gas while bromine is liquid and iodine is solid.

Electronic configuration of bromine:

₃₅Br = [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁵

As it in known that p sub-shell consist of 3 orbitals px, py, pz and each orbital can accommodate only two electrons.

In bromine there are 5 electrons in 4p it means two electrons are present in px two in py ans one in pz. So the half filled orbital is only one.

Rutherford's model of the atom did not tell us the following things:

Rutherford model states that the electrons wander around the nucleus orbits that are fixed paths. In Maxwell theory, when the accelerated charged particles produce electromagnetic radiations, an electron that moves around the nucleus also emits electromagnetic radiation.

This radiation carries energy from the movement of the electron which comes by the shrinking of orbits. Hence, the electrons will collapse in the nucleus. Studies show that, an electron would collapse in the nucleus in less than 8-10 seconds as per Rutherford model.

So Rutherford model failed to be in conforming with Maxwell’s theory as it did not explain the stability of an atom. Another thing about Rutherford model is that, he did not state anything about the electron arrangement in an atom which made it as incomplete.

Though the early atomic models seemed to be not accurate and not explained some experimental results, they form the quantum mechanics base for developments of future in the world.

Answer:

true

Explanation:

Answer:

false

Explanation:

Molarity refers to the amount of solute present in a solution. Molarity is usually expressed in the unit, moles per decimeter cubed or moles per litre. It can be used to estimate the concentration of a solution irrespective of whether the solute is solid, liquid or gas. It does not particularly apply to solid solutes.

Acid solutions which usually consists of liquid solutes are also expressed in molarity units as well as solid solutes.

Moles of CO₂ produced will be 4.5

Explanation:

CH₄ + 2O₂ → CO₂ + 2H₂O

Molecular weight of CH₄, M = 16

given mass of CH₄, m = 72

moles of CH₄, n = given mass / molecular mass

[tex]n = \frac{m}{M} \\\\n = \frac{72}{16} \\\\n = 4.5[/tex]

Therefore, number of moles of CH₄ present is 4.5

According to the balanced equation,

1 mole of CH₄ produces 1 mole of CO₂

4.5 moles of CH₄ will produce 4.5 moles of CO₂

Therefore, moles of CO₂ produced will be 4.5

C12H208 is the molecular formula of the alcohol.

Explanation:

The weight of carbon given is 26.05 grams

The weight of H20 = 6.630 grams

first let us find the number of moles of:

number of moles = weight given ÷ mass of 1 mole of the element

                              = 26.05 ÷ 12

                               =  2.170 moles of carbon

number of moles of hydrogen present in H2O

    =  6.630 ÷ 18

     = 0.368

1 mole of water contains 2 mole of hydrogen so, 2 × 0.368 grams

= 0.7366 moles

Number of moles of oxygen cannot be calculated as of now.

So from the data obtained,

50 gms C2H2Ox is combusted.

Lets, calculate the gms from moles using the same equation

For carbon, 2.170 × 12

             = 26.04 grams

For hydrogen, 0.368 × 1.01

              =  0.3716 grams

adding the carbon and hydrogen content, 26.04 grams

now the oxygen content can be obtained by

50 - 26.04

= 23.96 grams

Now moles of oxygen calculated as

n = 23.96 ÷ 16

  = 1.49 moles of oxygen

The emperical formula for the alcohol is C6H04

now the molar mass is divided by emperial formula mass.

molar mass = 189 amu

emperial formula mass = 137

the division would give= 1.37

it can be taken as 2

The subscript in the formula is multiplied by 2 to get molecular formula from emperial formula.

So, C12H208 is the molecular formula of the alcohol.

Answer:

The answer is B !!!

Explanation:

Answer:

We need 0.375 mol of CH3OH to prepare the solution

Explanation:

For the problem they give us the following data:

Solution concentration 0,75 M

Mass of Solvent is 0,5Kg

knowing that the density of water is 1g / mL,  we find the volume of water:

                           [tex]d = \frac{g}{mL} \\\\ V= \frac{g}{d} = \frac{500g}{1 \frac{g}{mL} } = 500mL = 0,5 L[/tex]

Now, find moles of [tex]CH_{3} OH[/tex] are needed using the molarity equation:

                           [tex]M = \frac{ moles }{ V (L)} \\\\\\molesCH_{3}OH = M . V(L) = 0,75 M . 0,5 L\\\\molesCH_{3}OH = 0,375 mol[/tex]

therefore the solution is prepared using 0.5 L of H2O and 0.375 moles of CH3OH,  resulting in a concentration of 0,75M

Answer:

Explanation:

The general rule is "like dissolves like" which means that polar solvents dissolve polar (or ionic) solutes and non-polar solvents dissolve non-polar solutes.

In order for a solvent dissolve a solute, the strength of the interacttion (force) between the solute and the solvent units (atoms, molecules, or ions) must be stronger than the strength of the forces that keep together he particles of the pure substances (known as intermolecular forces).

Since the nature of the interactions between the units are electrostatic, the more polar is the solvent the better it will be able to attract and surround the solute particles, keeping them separated and in solution. That mechanism explains why polar solutes will be most soluble in highly polar solvents.

Polar solutes dissolve best in highly polar solvents due to similar intermolecular forces. This principle is known as 'like dissolves like,' where substances with comparable properties mix well.

In general, polar solutes are most soluble in highly polar solvents. This is due to the principle that like dissolves like, meaning substances with similar intermolecular forces tend to dissolve well in each other. Polar solvents, such as water, have large dipole moments and can form hydrogen bonds with polar solutes, facilitating their dissolution.

For example, ethanol (C₂H₅OH), a polar solute, is highly soluble in water because both the solute and the solvent can engage in hydrogen bonding. Conversely, non-polar solvents like hexane are not effective in dissolving polar solutes because the intermolecular forces are not compatible; hexane lacks the ability to form hydrogen bonds and thus cannot readily interact with polar molecules.

Let's consider an example: Would iodine (I₂) be more soluble in carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) or water (H₂O)? Iodine is a non-polar molecule, so it would dissolve better in CCl₄, which is non-polar, rather than in water, which is polar.

Answer:

Waste-to-energy plants convert trash into energy. This energy produced is known as biomass

Explanation:

The plants that convert trash into energy are known as : Waste-to-energy plants. While The energy produced is nown as ; Biomass energy

Biomass energy is the type of energy gotten from renewable organic materials such as plants( corn and soya). It is generated by burning the renewable oragnic materials to generate heat and electricity. The plants that  convert trash into energy are known as waste-to energy plants.

Hence we can conclude that The plants that convert trash into energy are known as : Waste-to-energy plants. While The energy produced is nown as ; Biomass energy

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Answer:

Weak bonds require more energy to form than strong bonds. is the right answer

Explanation:

The correct statement regarding the strength of chemical bonds is Weak bonds require more energy to form than strong bonds.

Chemical bonds associates atoms with molecules, ions, crystals, and other stable species that make up the familiar compounds.

When atoms come close together, their nuclei and electrons interact and tend to distribute themselves in space in such a way that the total energy is lower than in any other configuration.

There are different types of chemical bonds like; ionic bonds, covalent bonds, hydrogen bonds, etc.

Thus, the correct option is D. Weak bonds require more energy to form than strong bonds.

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Suspect #1's DNA has a significant match with the semen evidence from the crime scene, leading to strong evidence against them. If an offspring's DNA does not match that of the supposed parents, it calls into question paternity, maternity, or potential lab errors during analysis.

DNA Fingerprinting Evidence Analysis

Based on the description provided, it's clear that DNA fingerprinting is employed to compare DNA samples from a crime scene to those of multiple suspects to establish guilt or innocence. The DNA pattern from the semen evidence found at the crime scene must match that of the perpetrator. Given that suspect #2 can be definitively excluded as the perpetrator because none of his DNA bands match the evidence, we must analyze suspect #1. While it is impossible to assert with absolute certainty that suspect #1 is guilty, statistics reveal that the likelihood of a random individual having a matching DNA fingerprint, with all six alleles aligning, is approximately 1 in 4096. This information might lead one to view the evidence against suspect #1 as strong, especially considering this suspect was not selected at random.

If we consider the offspring relation to the mother and father, the pattern of DNA bands of the offspring should contain a mixture of bands that match both parents, due to the inheriting of alleles from each parent. If an offspring’s DNA fingerprint does not match either parent, the most likely conclusion is that there is a case of mistaken paternity or maternity, or perhaps a lab error during the analysis.

Conclusion from DNA Evidence

After examining the evidence and the concepts of DNA matching probabilities, one would conclude that suspect #1's DNA shows a statistically significant match to the semen evidence against the probability of a coincidental match. However, in forensic science, while extremely unlikely, a coincidental match is still within the realms of possibility. The nature of such evidence should be weighed within the broader context of the investigation and other available evidence.

The correct suspect who committed the crime is Suspect 5.

To determine which suspect committed the crime, one would typically analyze the DNA fingerprint of the victim and compare it with the DNA fingerprints of the seven suspects. A DNA fingerprint is a unique pattern of DNA fragments obtained by analyzing specific regions of an individual's DNA that vary greatly from person to person. These regions often include repetitive sequences known as short tandem repeats (STRs) or variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs).

The process involves the following steps:

1. Collecting DNA samples from the crime scene and from each of the suspects.

2. Extracting DNA from these samples.

3. Amplifying specific regions of the DNA using a technique called Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).

4. Separating the amplified DNA fragments using gel electrophoresis.

5. Visualizing the DNA fragments using a method such as autoradiography or staining.

6. Comparing the DNA fingerprint from the crime scene with those of the suspects.

The DNA fingerprint from the crime scene will have a unique pattern of bands corresponding to the STRs or VNTRs. Each suspect's DNA will also produce a unique pattern. The suspect whose DNA fingerprint matches the pattern found at the crime scene is the one who committed the crime.

In this scenario, after comparing the DNA fingerprints, it was found that Suspect 5's DNA matched the DNA found at the crime scene. This match would be evident by the identical or nearly identical banding patterns between the crime scene sample and Suspect 5's DNA sample. All other suspects would have different banding patterns that do not match the crime scene sample.

Therefore, based on the DNA evidence, Suspect 5 is identified as the perpetrator of the crime. It is important to note that while DNA evidence is very strong, it is often used in conjunction with other types of evidence to establish guilt beyond a reasonable doubt in a court of law.

Hey there!

Molar mass of CaCl₂:

Add the molar masses of each element multiplied by the amount of that element we have.

Ca: 1 x 40.078

Cl: 2 x 35.453

---------------------

           110.98 grams

The molar mass of calcium chloride is 110.98 grams.

Hope this helps!

The molar mass of Calcium Chloride (CaCl2) is 111.0 grams per mole.

To calculate the molar mass of calcium chloride, which is represented by the formula CaCl2, you must add the molar masses of calcium (Ca) and chlorine (Cl) atoms. Calcium has a molar mass of 40.0 grams per mole, while chlorine has a molar mass of 35.5 grams per mole. Since there are two chlorine atoms in calcium chloride, you must multiply the molar mass of chlorine by 2. Therefore, the total molar mass of calcium chloride is the sum of the molar mass of calcium plus two times the molar mass of chlorine: Ca (40.0 g/mol) + 2 × Cl (35.5 g/mol) = 111.0 g/mol.

Answer:

"No man is an island.” This saying is also true for organisms in an ecosystem. No organism exists in isolation.  Individual organisms live together in an ecosystem and depend on one another.  In fact, they have many different types of interactions with each other, and many of these interactions are critical for their survival.

So what do these interactions look like in an ecosystem? One category of interactions describes the different ways organisms obtain their food and energy. Some organisms can make their own food, and other organisms have to get their food by eating other organisms. An organism that must obtain their nutrients by eating (consuming) other organisms is called a consumer, or a heterotroph. While there are a lot of fancy words related to the sciences, one of the great things is that many of them are based on Latin or Greek roots. For example, heterotroph becomes easier to remember when you realize that in Greek, “hetero” means “other” and “troph” means food; in other words, heterotrophs eat other organisms to get their food. They then use the energy and materials in that food to grow, reproduce and carry out all of their life activities. All animals, all fungi, and some kinds of bacteria are heterotrophs and consumers. .

Explanation:

Answer:

Polar bear are found in the Arctic region. The polar bear feed on fishes, insects etc.

The algae undergoes photosynthesis and produces food through this.The algae is a source of food for the fishes in water. The algae makes the fishes grow and develop after providing it with the nutrients needed to do so.

The fishes are then eaten by the polar bear. Without the algae the fishes may starve and the polar bear may starve to death too due lack of preys such as the fish. This cycle makes the algae a very important source of energy.

Answer:

39,5 grams should be obtained of NaCl

Explanation:

We calculate the weight of 1 mol of NaCl:

Weight 1 mol NaCl= Weight Na + Weight Cl= 23g + 35,5g=58,5 g/mol

4,5M--> 4,5 moles NaCl in 1000ml (1L) of solution

1000ml-----4,5 moles NaCl

150 ml------x=(150 mlx4,5 moles NaCl)/1000ml=0,675 moles NaCl

1 mol NaCl--------------58,5 grams

0,675molesNaCl---x= (0,675molesNaClx58,5 grams)/1 mol NaCl

x= 39,4879 grams

Answer:

Coefficient's are 2, 2, 1

Explanation:

We are given;

Unbalanced equation;

H₂O₂ → H₂O + O₂

We are required to determine the suitable coefficients that would balance the equation.

In this case;

To balance the equation we put the coefficients 2, 2, 1 respectively

Therefore;

The balanced equation is;

2H₂O₂ → 2H₂O + O₂

Thus, Suitable coefficients are, 2, 2, 1

Answer:

The answer is B)2,2,1

Explanation:

I just got it right on USA test prep

Answer:

yes

Explanation:

the build up of pressure eventually becomes to much for the tanker then yes, it will implode with a possibility of an explosion.

A

Explanation:

Weather can be defined as the day-to-day changes in the atmospheric parameters like temperatures, humidity,  rainfall, and pressure. When these weather changes are observed for approximately over 30 years, the climate of the regions can be determined by understanding the patterns.

the answer is: Ground water is water beneath the earth’s soil stored in soil pore spaces and in fractures of rock formations. :)

265.2 mmHg is the partial pressure of oxygen in 780 mmHg of total pressure.

Explanation:

The partial pressure of a gas is defined as the individual pressure of the gas in total mixture. In an ideal gas all the constituent gases have partial pressure some of which will give total pressure of the gas.

The partial pressure of a gas is calculated by

total pressure x mole fraction of the gas.

Mole fraction of the oxygen present is 0.34 as it is 34% of the total gas.

[tex]\frac{34}{100}[/tex] = 0.34  is the mole fraction

Total pressure is given as 780 mm Hg

The partial pressure can be calculated using the above formula:

Putting the values in equation:

780 x 0.34

= 265.2 mm Hg is the partial pressure of oxygen.

Answer:

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Approximately 68.4 grams of KCI should be dissolved in 200 grams of water at 60°C to make a saturated solution.

To find the amount of KCI that must be dissolved in 200 grams of water to make a saturated solution at 60°C, we need to use the solubility data for KCI. At 60°C, the solubility of KCI in water is approximately 34.2 grams per 100 grams of water. Therefore, in 200 grams of water, the amount of KCI that needs to be dissolved would be:

(34.2 grams / 100 grams) x 200 grams = 68.4 grams

So, 68.4 grams of KCI must be dissolved in 200 grams of water to make a saturated solution at 60°C.

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Answer:

The importance of crystal structure. The graphite-diamond mineral pair is an extreme example of the importance of crystal structure. These two very different minerals have exactly the same chemical formula (C), but the crystal structure of the two minerals is very different. In graphite, carbon atoms are bonded together along a flat plane, as shown in Figure 3.

Explanation:

The importance of crystal structure. The graphite-diamond mineral pair is an extreme example of the importance of crystal structure. These two very different minerals have exactly the same chemical formula (C), but the crystal structure of the two minerals is very different. In graphite, carbon atoms are bonded together along a flat plane, as shown in Figure 3.

The different minerals that are formed in different environments can be used to illustrate that different environments possess unique environmental properties which are vital in making up matter.

It should be noted that life on Earth follows a cyclical nature such that the energy that is gotten from the sun is recycled back into space. Also, the terrestrial, aquatic, and arboreal environments all have different energy that circulates in the ecosystem.

Furthermore, there are several factors such as climate that helps in the formation of soil which is a required constituent in some minerals.

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Answer:

One mole of any substance contains Avogadro's number of atoms = 6.022 x 10^23 atoms. So multiply number of moles x number of atoms/mole = 1.8066 x 10^24 atoms of H2.

Explanation:

I'm not sure though

Answer:

Food source

Explanation:

Salmon are there food source

Answer:

The neutral atoms of the element have an oxidation number of 0. When the atoms loose their three valence electrons to form ions they then have an oxidation number of +3

Explanation:

The oxidation number of aluminum, which has 3 valence electrons, is typically +3. This represents the charge held by the atom when it loses these valence electrons in reactions, demonstrating the notion of oxidation.

The oxidation number of an atom is the charge that atom would have if the compound was entirely ionic. Aluminum, a metallic element with 3 valence electrons, typically loses these electrons in reactions, resulting in a positive oxidation number. In the case of aluminum, because it loses its three valence electrons, its oxidation number is usually +3. This means an aluminum atom, after ionizing, has lost three electrons and carries a charged of +3. The loss of electrons is represented as oxidation in chemistry.

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Answer:

The molarity is 2M

Explanation:

First , we calculate the weight of 1 mol of NaCl:

Weight 1mol NaCl= Weight Na + Weight Cl= 23 g+ 35, 5 g= 58, 5 g/mol

58,5 g---1 mol NaCl

233,772 g--------x= (233,772 g x1 mol NaCl)/58,5 g= 4 mol NaCl

A solution molar--> moles of solute in 1 L of solution:

2 L-----4 mol NaCl

1L----x0( 1L x4mol NaCl)/4L =2moles NaCl---> 2 M