Answer:c. Rachel did not pay any attention to the beeping from her refrigerator door alarm until she realized that it meant the door was left open and the cold air was escaping. Now when she hears the door alarm she runs to the kitchen to close the refrigerator door.
Explanation:sensitization refers to one's ability to respond to a particular stumuli sensitively. We are usually sensitive to a certain stimuli because of what we have experienced before with regard to the similar or same stimuli. Rachel had ignored the same alarm before until she realizes the effect or what it meant then she is now able to respond promptly.
The best example of sensitization among the options provided is: c. Rachel did not pay any attention to the beeping from her refrigerator door alarm until she realized that it meant the door was left open and the cold air was escaping. Now when she hears the door alarm she runs to the kitchen to close the refrigerator door.
Sensitization is defined as an increase in the response to an innocuous stimulus when that stimulus occurs after a punishing stimulus. Rachel's heightened response to the refrigerator alarm, after realizing its significance, exemplifies this concept well, as she has become more sensitively tuned to the alarm sound, linking it directly to the need for an immediate action to prevent food spoilage.
Which of the following events marks the beginning of significant economic growth in the world economy? A. the American Revolution of 1776 B. the victory of Mao Zedong and the Communist Party in China in 1949 C. the Bolshevik Revolution D. the Industrial Revolution in England Click to select your answer.
Answer:
D. the Industrial Revolution in England
Explanation:
Industrial Revolution in England otherwise known as First Industrial Revolution occurred in the 18th century, specifically around 1760s to 1840s. It all started in England and spread across Europe and America.
It was a period where production process moves from manual or handicrafts to industrial, most especially the textile industry, where machines were used to produce at a larger and faster rates.
This period was said to have greatly improve the economy of the Europe, as it increased the income level and population.
Some of the examples of innovation of the time includes but not limited to:
1. The use of new source of energy such as coal, steam powered engine, petroleum etc
2. Invention of machine such as spinning jenny and power loom used in textile industry.
3. The industrial use of materials such as iron and steels.
Other technological advancement that came to be during this period includes, development of transportation, communication, and science and technology in general.
One way researchers study newborn development involves measuring how long infants continue to focus upon a nonchanging stimulus. This technique is referred to as
Answer:
Habituation
Explanation:
Habituation: In psychology, the term "habituation" is described as one of the "psychological learning processes" in which an organism's response to a specific stimulus is being decreased after the organism is repeatedly exposed to the given stimulus.
The concept of habituation underlies the concept that an organism including animals and human beings gains the tendency to surpass or ignore a specific stimulus if they have been exposed repeatedly to the given stimulus.
In the question above, the given technique is referred to as habituation.
This technique is referred to as Habituation. The idea that an organism, such as an animal or a human, develops a propensity to outperform or ignore particular stimuli if it is exposed to them frequently is supported by the concept of habituation.
In psychology, the term "habituation" is used to refer to one of the "psychological learning processes" in which an organism's reaction to a particular stimulus gradually decreases over time.
When a stimulus is shown repeatedly, habituation occurs, which reduces the behavioral reaction. Any of your senses can pick up on a stimulus and become used to it. You could develop a tolerance to unpleasant physical touch, loud noises, bright lights, or strong odors. You might be able to focus more of your attention and cognitive resources on other things, such as items that might signify danger, if you learn to ignore and filter out inputs that are irrelevant, uninteresting, or uninformative.
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Which of the following statements about a partnership is true? A. Partners are taxed on distributions from a partnership. B. Partners are taxed on their allocable share of income whether it is distributed or not. C. A partnership is a taxpaying entity. D. Partners are considered employees of the partnership.
Answer:
B. Partners are taxed on their allocable share of income whether it is distributed or not.
Explanation:
The partnership is an agreement between the two or more people to oversee the business and shares its profits and liabilities. The partner's agreement to cooperate in advance of their mutual interest and enjoy the special benefits of the tax policy.psych Alan always turns the aquarium light on before putting fish food into the tank. After a while, he notices that the fish swim to the top to look for the food as soon as he turns on the light. In this example, the ________ is the unconditioned stimulus.
Answer:
aquarium light
Explanation:
Unconditioned stimulus -
It refers to the action , smell or any word , that unconditionally initiates the response , is referred to as the unconditioned stimulus .
For example , the smell of food , make the person hungry , here the smell of food acts as an unconditioned stimulus .
Similarly , the lights of the aquarium acts to trigger the fishes about the food and all comes to the top , in order to catch food .
Hence , the correct answer is aquarium light .
Cell phone ownership is high around the world. According to a 2012 Pew Research project, which country has the highest percentage of cell phone ownership, at 99 percent?
Answer:
Czech Republic
Explanation:
According to a 2012 research project by the PEW Research Center, 99% citizens of Czech Republic have a cell phone, which is the highest percentage of cell phone ownership in the world.
True or false: The adjusted book balance and the adjusted bank balance must equal each other on a bank reconciliation; otherwise, the cash account is not reconciled.
Answer:True.
Bank reconciliation is the process of matching cash statement to the corresponding bank statement.The aim is to detect disparities in both balances and make the necessary adjustments.
At the end of the reconciliation process,adjusted cash and bank balances must be equal.Inequlity of these two statement means there are still figures that needs to be adjusted, hence,the accountant should do a thorough investigation to discover the reason for the inequality in both balances
Explanation:
How did the Israelites establish a united state, and what became of it? In what ways was the Jewish faith unique in the ancient Near East, and how did it evolve over time?
Answer:
King Saul, David, and Solomon built up the United Kingdom of Israel.
Explanation:
King Saul, David, and Solomon built up the United Kingdom of Israel with political and military establishments and trade activities. It collapsed and became Judah and then returned to Jerusalem to rebuild their city and temple.
The uniqueness of the Jewish faith in the ancient Near East was that early Israelites worshiped many gods whereas the Jewish faith looked only at one God which is known as Yahweh. Even among the Babylonian Exiles, Yahweh became known as the only God.
How it evolve over time.
The origins of Jewish faith are explained throughout the Torah. According to the text, God first revealed himself to a Hebrew man named Abraham, who became known as the founder of Judaism.
Jews believe that God made a special covenant with Abraham and that he and his descendants were chosen people who would create a great nation.
Abraham’s son Isaac, and his grandson Jacob, also became central figures in ancient Jewish history. Jacob took the name Israel, and his children and future generations became known as Israelites.
More than 1,000 years after Abraham, the prophet Moses led the Israelites out of Egypt after being enslaved for hundreds of years.
Around 1000 B.C., King David ruled the Jewish people. His son Solomon built the first holy Temple in Jerusalem, which became the central place of worship for Jews.
The kingdom fell apart around 931 B.C., and the Jewish people split into two groups: Israel in the North and Judah in the South.
Sometime around 587 B.C., the Babylonians destroyed the first Temple and sent many Jews into exile.
A second Temple was built in about 516 B.C. but was eventually destroyed by the Romans in 70 A.D.
The destruction of the second Temple was significant because Jewish people no longer had a primary place to gather, so they shifted their focus to worshipping in local synagogues.
The Israelites established a united state under leaders like Moses, Joshua, Saul, and David. However, after the death of King Solomon, the state split into Israel and Judah. The Jewish faith was unique for its monotheism and evolved through various historical events.
Explanation:Establishment of a United Israelite State:The Israelites established a united state through a series of developments and leaders. After the Exodus from Egypt, Moses led the Israelites to the Promised Land, and Joshua took charge to conquer it. Eventually, Saul became the first king of Israel, followed by King David who established Jerusalem as the capital. Under King Solomon's reign, the Israelite state reached its peak, known for its wealth and centralized power.
Fate of the United Israelite State:After King Solomon's death, the united Israelite state divided into the northern kingdom of Israel and the southern kingdom of Judah. The northern kingdom faced political instability and was eventually conquered by the Assyrians, leading to the exile of the ten tribes. The southern kingdom of Judah survived longer but was eventually conquered by the Babylonians, leading to the exile of the remaining tribes.
Jewish Faith in Ancient Near East and its Evolution:The Jewish faith was unique in the ancient Near East in various ways. Unlike the polytheistic beliefs of surrounding civilizations, Judaism was monotheistic, worshiping only one God. Over time, the Jewish faith evolved through the influence of prophets, the construction of the First and Second Temples, the Babylonian exile, and the development of rabbinic Judaism after the destruction of the Second Temple. These factors shaped the Jewish faith into the form practiced today.
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A _____ schedule of reinforcement provides reinforcement for a behavior in an unpredictable manner (e.g., the number or amount of response/reinforcement varies).
Answer:
variable ratio
Explanation:
In organizational communication, ______________________________ refers to our basic, often unexamined, assumptions about how things are or ought to be.
Answer:
Ideology
Explanation:
Ideology can be defined as a system or set of beliefs or ideas based on theories. The word 'ideology' is derived from two Greek words 'idea' that means 'form or pattern' and 'logos.'
The term 'ideology' was coined was Antoine Tracy. The term was conceived in the mind of Antoine in 1796 when he was in prison. He used the term to define the 'science of ideas.'
The term that is defined in the question above is ideology. It is an unexamined assumptions or ideas.
So, the correct answer is ideology.
Careful measurements reveal that a star maintains a steady apparent brightness at most times, except that at precise intervals of 73 hours the star becomes dimmer for about 2 hours. The most likely explanation is that:________.1. The star is cepheid variable.2. The star is a member of binary eclipsing star system.3. The star is peridically ejecting gas into space every 73 hours.4. The star is a white dwarf.
Answer: 2
The star is a member of a binary eclipsing star system.
Explanation:
Eclipsing binaries are the main source of determining a star's mass. A binary star system is essentially a system where two stars are orbiting around a common centre of mass. Eclipsing stars are studied by measuring their the changes in their brightness over a specified period of time. Light curves are graphical representation of the variations in stars over a given period of time.
Ivan pavlov discovered __________ while conducting research on digestion in dogs.
Answer:
classical conditioning.
Explanation:
Classical conditioning refers to a process of learning developed by Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov that takes place by associations between an external stimulus and a naturally occurring stimulus. In order to create a new conditioned response, the conditioned stimulus has now been combined with the unconditioned stimulus. It is a form of learning that has had a major influence on the psychological school of thought popularly called behaviorism.
Sociologists often point out that systems of stratification in the United States systematically favor white men. Sometimes people contest this, pointing to wealthy and powerful black women like Oprah Winfrey or Toni Morrison. A valid counterpoint to this argument is that:
A) black women are often the exception to this tendency.B) Winfrey and Morrison have higher social statuses because of other markers of class that they inherited, such as regional accents.C) stratification is a characteristic of a society rather than a reflection of individual differences.D) Winfrey and Morrison must have inherited a high social status from their parents.
Answer:
C) stratification is a characteristic of a society rather than a reflection of individual differences
Explanation:
Sociologists often point out that systems of stratification in the United States systematically favor white men. Sometimes people contest this, pointing to wealthy and powerful black women like Oprah Winfrey or Toni Morrison. A valid counterpoint to this argument is that: stratification is a characteristic of a society rather than a reflection of individual differences
Answer:
A) black women are often the exception to this tendency.
The __________ is thought to measure unconscious prejudices according to the speed with which people can pair a target face with a positive or negativ
Answer:
The correct answer is: The implicit association test.
Explanation:
The implicit association test is an instrument used within the field of social psychology to measure and detect and individual unconscious association between memory and the mental representation that the person have of certain objects. It also allegedly measures an individual implicit stereotypes.
In conclusion, the implicit association test is thought to measure unconscious prejudices.
Answer:
Implicit association test
Explanation:
The Implicit Association Test (IAT) measures the strength of associations between concepts (e.g., black people, gay people) and evaluations (e.g., good, bad) or stereotypes (e.g., athletic, clumsy). The main idea is that making a response is easier when closely related items share the same response key. We would say that one has an implicit preference for straight people relative to gay people if they are faster to complete the task when Straight People + Good / Gay People + Bad are paired together compared to when Gay People + Good / Straight People + Bad are paired together
Twenty-eight-year-old Mary has worked at the same bookstore since she was 19 and has now begun to question both her choice of occupation and the direction of her life. According to Erikson, this appears to be a manifestation of _______.
Answer: Identity confusion
Explanation: Identity confusion is a state of confusion where individuals begin having trouble defining who they really are, what interest them in life, their religious, Political and sexual orientations etc.
According to Erikson, identity confusion is the fifth stage of development. What Mary is going through is a manifestation of an identity vs. role confusion.
Pork Barrel legislation helps the reelection chances of a member of Congress because such legislation
a. Gives the member of Congress national standing and coverage on national television news
b. Helps earn the member of Congress a reputation for service to his or her district
c. Attracts campaign contributions form ideological political action committees
d. Prevents other candidates from claiming that the member of Congress is too liberal for his or her district
e. Requires the member of Congress to travel extensiviely
Answer:
B) Helps earn the member of congress a reputation for service to his or her district.
Explanation:
Pork barrel: It is a term used to describe the 'fund amount to be going in the projects related to the district of legislator' which in turns, helps him/her to gain the reputation because he/she will work with that money to develop his/her district. And hence, reduce the chances of getting reelected.
At a block party, Cyndi meets nine new neighbors. Moments later, she can only remember the names of the first three and last two neighbors she met. The fact that Cyndi can remember the first few people she met BEST reflects the _____ effect.
Answer:
the serial position effect.
Explanation:
The Serial-position effect can be defined as a pattern of recall for list items, in this pattern, recall is better for items at the beginning or end of a list than for items in the middle.
It entails that one tend to remember or recall the names or items in the beginning or at the end, but have no recall of items in the middle.
The serial position effect have two types;
Recency Effect is a type of serial position effect where recall is best for items at the end of a list, then for items at the beginning, then for items in the middle of the list.
Primacy Effect is a type of serial-position effect where recall is best for the first items on the list, then for at the end of the list, then for items in the middle of the list.
Cyndi only being able to recall the first few people she met indicates that she had serial position effect at the instance.
Jessica recently joined a new company and was first introduced to Michelle, her cubicle neighbor. Michelle came across as amiable and cheerful. During lunch she met another colleague, Carrie, who did not come across as friendly as Michelle. In this situation, Jessica's interpretation of Carrie's personality is most likely to be affected by ________.
Answer:
Comparison to Michelle. She met someone very nice, so someone not as friendly and perky, like Carrie, will come across as down and dull.
Janey is a high school student who wants to write an article about young entrepreneurs. First, she posts a message on social media looking for willing participants. After she compiles their stories, she posts the article on her blog, where it is picked up and featured by her hometown paper.
Answer: janey just participated in both
Explanation: janey has achieved her aim by participating writing an article and also to be an entrepreneur. She achieved it when the article was written and when it was compiled and posted on her blog where her hometown newspaper picked it and and featured it.
Answer:
C. Both
Explanation:
I just took the quiz and got it right
In a debate, Laura states that corruption in the United States has decreased. She substantiates this claim by comparing the number of instances of bribery of the present year to that of the previous year. In this case, Laura is _____.
In the presently stated speech, Laura would be arguing from the point of causation.
Explanation:
When arguing from the point of causation, the speaker or presenter would base her arguments and claims concerning evidence which proves that certain events almost always bring about the same results, or likewise, certain events would always almost eradicate the effects of the events.
Hence here, Laura is speaking from the point of causation.
How does social media interact with problems of political socialization?
Answer:
The feeds in social media works according to the mechanism of algorithms. It shows contents which the users are mostly interested at.Explanation:
Political socialization is the process of acquiring and developing political values and influences from sociological set-ups such as family, friends, unions, civil organizations, media, etc.
Social media is an important factor that attributes to social interaction regarding political problems. It provides a platform to voice out opinions, share ideologies, debate on numerous issues, etc. The mechanism of social media works according to algorithms. Most of the times, social medias will show you contents or feeds that you are mostly interested at.
In this way, one can easily interact with problems of political socialization through social media as it provides an efficient platform to discuss issues that one is mostly interested at.
Social media interacts with problems of political socialization by influencing political participation, social capital, and the flow of information. It facilitates civic and political engagement but can also introduce biases and spread misinformation.
Explanation:Social media plays a significant role in political socialization by influencing political participation, social capital, and the flow of information. It enables users to seek and share political information and engage in political discussions, leading to increased civic and political engagement. However, social media can also introduce biases, spread misinformation, and create echo chambers. Overall, it is a powerful tool that can both promote and endanger democracy.
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After reviewing the reports of officer misconduct, you determine that they seem to be individual acts for the most part. You recommend an improved screening process, random integrity tests, and a process of reviewing use-of- force reports in order to detect possible warning signs. This approach is known as a ______________ response.
Answer:
rotten-apple response
Explanation:
Rotten - apple response -
According to this theory , the deviant police officers refers to the one who are incapable to pass the psychological test .
This theory helps to offer a easy and quick method to the police deviant behaviour .
Hence , from the given scenario of the question ,
The correct answer is rotten-apple response .
Two roommates are opposites. One enjoys playing Modern Warfare with his friends all night. The other likes to get to bed early for a full 8 hours of sleep. The roommate who plays Modern Warfare values gaming more than his roommate values his sleep. According to the Coase theorem,
Answer:
the person who plays Modern Warfare will compensate his roommate for loss of sleep.
Explanation:
Coase theorem states that both parties want to maximize their efficiency and benefits but opposing behavior may arise conflict between two parties. Like in this example both one want to maximize his fun and benefit through playing and other one want to maximize his benefit through sleeping. So to maintain overall efficiency the roommate who is playing games have to give some compensation to other roommate for overall maximization.
Final answer:
According to the Coase theorem, the roommates in the conflict over noise and having guests can negotiate a private solution to their externalities without government intervention, considering their individual preferences and the scarcity of time.
Explanation:
The situation described involves a conflict between roommates concerning noise and having guests, where one values their gaming time and the other values their sleep. According to the Coase theorem, such a dispute over externalities can be negotiated and resolved without government intervention when there are a small number of parties involved. The roommates can reach an agreement that aligns with their individual preferences and willingness to trade off one activity for another, while considering their time as a limited resource.
Dealing with such conflicts effectively is crucial for maintaining a harmonious living situation. Rather than allowing the problem to escalate or resorting to a non-cooperative outcome, like the one described in the prisoner's dilemma, the Coase theorem suggests that private negotiations can lead to an efficient resolution that benefits both roommates.
When social scientists examine the practice of the Inuits leaving their elderly to perish in the cold, they typically evaluate the behavior pattern in the context of the Inuit culture. This is an example of:_________.
Answer:
Cultural Relativism
Explanation:
Cultural Relativism is making judgement based on shared ethnicity, gender, customs or values. It seeks to perceive an individual or group of people from the perspective of one's cultural beliefs or ethnic backgrounds for example judgement that a particular race or culture eats insects as bad or wrong by an observer because it was perceived to be wrong from the observer's culture or ethnic group
At the ________ level of moral development, a person's choice between right or wrong is based on personal consequences from outside sources, such as physical punishment, reward, or exchange of favors.
At the preconventional level of moral development, a person's choice between right or wrong is based on personal consequences from outside sources, such as physical punishment, reward, or exchange of favors.
Explanation:There are three levels of moral development which was stated by Kohlberg. They are pre conventional, conventional and post conventional. In the level called the pre conventional level of moral development the sense of morality of an individual will be controlled by the external factors. They believe on what the persons who serve as an authority to them.
Those persons may be either parents or teachers. Those persons at pre conventional level or moral development can not find what is right and what is wrong on their own. They always depend on what the external factors such as parents or teachers makes them feel what is right and wrong and the consequences of the actions that can be realized.
What evidence from Chapter 8 suggests that Jem has stopped thinking of Boo Radley as a source of danger while Scout hasn’t yet come to the same conclusion?
Answer:
Jem chose not to return the blanket so as to save Boo Radley from getting into trouble with his father. He told Atticus "I swear to God he ain’t ever harmed us, he ain’t ever hurt us, he coulda cut my throat from ear to ear that night but he tried to mend my pants instead… he ain’t ever hurt us, Atticus"
Explanation:
In Harper Lee's novel "To Kill A Mockingbird", the residents of Maycomb seem to all have a common understanding not to get too involved with the Radleys. They, including Atticus Finch, also tell their children to not disturb them. That was how the Radleys came to be regarded as something to be abhorred.
But Chapter 8 shows the realization of not only Jem but Atticus himself that Boo Radley was far from who they had been thinking he'd be. One such evidence in this chapter is the fire scene where all of Maycomb had come out to help put out the fire from Miss Maudie's place. Atticus had asked them to stay put at the Radley's gate where they stayed till everything was over. So engrossed were they with the scene that they did not even realize Boo, who was a recluse, had actually ventured out of the house to put a blanket over Scout who must have been feeling cold. This shows how sensitive Boo is, not forgetting he was the one who had left those numerous 'gifts' at the tree hole and had also mended Jem's torn pants before. In his decision to not return the blanket to him, Jem's action signifies he doesn't want Boo to be scolded or even have any hard time with his father for his kindness to Scout. This incident made Jem realize Boo Radley is not a source of danger, which Scout still didn't.
Daria is sitting in class, but not paying attention. Her mind wanders from topic to topic, her thoughts interweaving and overtaking each other like currents of flowing water. This description of Daria's consciousness is similar to the one proposed by:_______.
Answer:
William James
Explanation:
Based on the information provided within the question it can be said that this description of Daria's consciousness is similar to the one proposed by William James. James proposed that the main function of human consciousness was to use abstract concepts in order to make sense of realities, while ideas and other abstract thoughts form the background of all the facts we create.
Answer:
William James.
Explanation:
William James is one of the founding fathers of Psychology. William James is not just only a Psychologist but also he was a philosopher. One of the theories William James proposed was the Functionalism or say the Williams James' theory of consciousness which explains how consciousness affect people in their habitat. Other works of William James were on the mechanism of dizziness and pragmatism.
Daria mind wandering off is the kind of consciousness that was proposed by William James.
When thinking about GREs, applying to graduate school, and studying for mid-terms, Nichole starts to have sweaty palms and a racing heart. It is MOST probable that Nichole is responding to T cells:______. 1. the pressure. 2. stressors. 3. lymphocytes. 4. cytokines.
Answer:
stressors
Explanation:
In this Nichole responding to stressors, as stressor is any event or external environment stimulus which make people challenging and threatening, than stress hormones activate. So in this situation as stress hormones activate, his body respond like sweaty palms and a racing heart. In simple when person unable to cope or handle the situation and feel demanding stress hormones release and human body respond according to that.
The process in law-governed societies in which laws are known and understood and there is an ability to appeal to higher authorities to ensure that the laws are applied correctly is called:__________.
A) liability.
B) due process.C) the courts of appeal.
D) accountability.
The correct answer is letter B
Due process, is the principle that guarantees everyone the right to a process with all the steps provided for by law, with all constitutional guarantees. If this principle is not respected, the process becomes null. Considered the most important of the constitutional principles, this is where all the others are derived.
The principle of due process is so important that, in addition to being present in the overwhelming majority of constitutions of sovereign countries, it is also included in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the American Convention on Human Rights.
When discussing people impacted by Hurricane Katrina, we easily fall victim to – because the – are that those who evacuated before the hurricane tended to have better fortunes than those who stayed behind. The – come easily when it'
Answer:
Fundamental attribution error; Responsible; Foolish
Explanation:
The fundamental attribution error is our tendency to explain someone's behavior based on internal factors, such as personality or disposition, and to underestimate the influence that external factors, such as situational influences, have on another person's behavior.
The question is about how socio-economic factors influenced evacuation decisions during Hurricane Katrina and the resulting impacts. It's a known fact that those who had the means to evacuate tended to fare better than those who couldn't.
Explanation:The subject of this question seems to be the hurricane evacuation decision-making process during Hurricane Katrina, specifically how socio-economic factors may have influenced these decisions and the resulting impacts. It seems to be implying a phenomenon in human psychology and social sciences, perhaps stereotypes or biases. However, it's quite vague and it's hard to fill in the blanks accurately without additional context.
Abouto Hurricane Katrina, it's a known fact that those who had the financial means to evacuate tended to fare better than those who didn't. Poorer communities and those who couldn't afford to remove themselves from the hurricane's trajectory suffered its most devastating effects. It's important to note that while these general observations can be made, they aren't true for every single case. It's just that the circumstances often led to these general outcomes.
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What are the four basic steps of nonviolent direct action?
For each of the steps state an example in Birmingham. Can you think of another historical example of nonviolent protest the followed these steps?
Answer:The four basic steps are
1) Collection of the facts to determine whether injustices exist.
2) Negotiation
3) Self-purification
4) Direct action
Explanation:
1) Collection of facts to check whether injustices exist: One example of this injustice is Segregation. King states that the difference between a just law and an unjust law is it’s alignment with moral law.
2) The Negotiation: it is an essential aspect of the nonviolent concept. Examples include, engaging opponents, point out their injustices, propose a way out and resolve the solution.
It can sometimes be achieved after an action.
3) Self-purification: Examples are; Drills and Community role play. It also means to cleans oneself of any injustices to avoid any act of hypocrisy. It also involves questioning your own moral strength and checking if the violence inflicted upon you can be withstood without retaliating.
4) Direct action: Nonviolent direct action involves sit-ins, strikes, street blockades, hactivism, boycotts, marches, rallies, petitions and civil disobedience.
Without this, new ideas can’t be introduced and peaceful betterment can’t be achieved.
Another historical example of non violent protest that followed this step is the "Equal right and pay for both men and women" .
Answer:
all 3
Explanation: