which of the following is NOT a developer of an atomic model?
A-Dalton
B-Planck
C-Rutherford

Final answer:

The Earth's magnetic field is generated by flowing liquid metals in the outer core and protects us from the solar wind. The Earth's magnetic poles shift and the field flips direction every 200,000 years.

Explanation:

The Earth's magnetic field is generated by flowing liquid metals in the outer core of the planet, which creates electric currents and a magnetic field. The direction of magnetic north and true north are not identical, with the geographic north pole being about 11.5° away from the direction of the magnetic north pole. The Earth's magnetic field flips direction approximately once every 200,000 years, similar to a bar magnet whose north and south poles periodically switch sides.

One interesting fact about the Earth's magnetic field is that the compass points towards the magnetic North Pole, which is actually the south pole of the Earth's bar magnet. The Earth's magnetic field is crucial as it protects us from high-energy charged particles emitted by the Sun called the solar wind. This magnetic field has important effects on submicroscopic particles, although it has a negligible effect on macroscopic objects.

a. The potential energy of the object before it fell was [tex]$58.86 \text{ Joules}[/tex].

b. The work accomplished by the fall was also [tex]$58.86 \text{ Joules}[/tex].

a. To calculate the potential energy (PE) of the object before it fell, we use the formula for gravitational potential energy:

[tex]\[ \text{PE} = m \cdot g \cdot h \][/tex]

Given that the mass [tex]\( m = 2 \text{ kg} \)[/tex], the acceleration due to gravity [tex]\( g = 9.81 \, \text{m/s}^2 \)[/tex], and the height [tex]\( h = 3 \text{ m} \),[/tex] we can plug these values into the formula:

[tex]\[ \text{PE} = 2 \text{ kg} \cdot 9.81 \, \text{m/s}^2 \cdot 3 \text{ m} \] \[ \text{PE} = 58.86 \, \text{kg} \cdot \text{m}^2/\text{s}^2 \] \[ \text{PE} = 58.86 \text{ Joules} \][/tex]

So, the potential energy of the object before it fell was [tex]\( 58.86 \text{ Joules} \).[/tex]

b. The work done by the gravitational force as the object falls is equal to the loss of potential energy, which is also the gain in kinetic energy. Since energy is conserved, the work done on the object is equal to the change in potential energy:

[tex]\[ W = \Delta \text{PE} \][/tex]

Since the object falls from a height of 3 meters to the ground (0 meters), the change in height[tex]\( \Delta h = h_{\text{final}} - h_{\text{initial}} = 0 - 3 = -3 \text{ m} \).[/tex] The negative sign indicates that the potential energy decreases. However, when considering the magnitude of work done, we take the absolute value:

[tex]\[ W = m \cdot g \cdot \Delta h \] \[ W = 2 \text{ kg} \cdot 9.81 \, \text{m/s}^2 \cdot 3 \text{ m} \] \[ W = 58.86 \, \text{kg} \cdot \text{m}^2/\text{s}^2 \] \[ W = 58.86 \text{ Joules} \][/tex]

Therefore, the work accomplished by the fall was [tex]\( 58.86 \text{ Joules} \)[/tex].

Answer :  A (6 N)

we know that

from Hook's law , F = k.x

                             where, F = force applied on spring 9N)

                                         k = spring constant  (N/cm)

                                         x = distance of spring stretched (cm)

                           Therefore,

                                        F = 2 × 3

                                        F  = 6 N

The size of the image produced by a standard periscope without additional magnifying lenses is the same as the size of the object. If the periscope includes magnifying lenses, the image could be larger due to the magnification effect caused by the lens focal lengths.

The size of the image produced by a periscope is generally the same as the size of the object being viewed. Periscopes use a set of mirrors or prisms to reflect light from the object to the viewer's eye without altering the size of the image. Since a periscope is primarily used to redirect the line of sight rather than to magnify, unless specifically designed with magnifying lenses, the image maintains the same proportions as the actual object.

In the case where a periscope might include magnifying lenses, like those sometimes found in submarines, the size of the image could be larger than the object. However, this would be due to the magnification provided by the lenses, much like with telescopes detailed in the given references. In optics, the magnification of an image is a function of the focal lengths of the lenses involved. If we think of common telescopic systems, the angular magnification is the ratio of the angle subtended by the image to the angle subtended by the real object. When translated to periscopes with added lenses, a similar principle of magnification determining the size of the image compared to the object applies.

Answer:The correct answer is option c.

Explanation;

Human body is made up total 11 organ system as follows:

Respiratory System : Encompasses with breathing organs : nose. lungs etc

Endocrine System : It comprised of organs which produced different hormones in human body.

Digestive System : System associated with digestion of food in human body.

Circulatory System : It consist of heart , blood vessels, blood which distributes nutrients and oxygen in whole human body.

Muscular System: this system provides locomotion and support to human body .

Skeleton System: System which provides structural support to the human body.

Lymphatic System : System responsible for formation of immune cell in human body.

Reproductive System : System responsible for the reproduction process.

Nervous System : This system controls and coordinates the movement of human body and its response to external and internal stimuli.

Excretory System : This system is responsible for removal of waste from human body.

Integumentary System :  This system provide protection from the environment that is skin ,hair , nails etc.

Your answer would be B) An oxygen atom

The smallest particle representing any chemical compound is called a molecule. Chemical compounds are composed of molecules, all of which are identical. In the case of hydrogen peroxide, the molecule will be H2O2. It can also be observed that the chemical formula of a compound is the same as the formula of one of its molecules.

(cred to W0lf93)

The correct answer is option A. The smallest particle representing hydrogen peroxide is a molecule.

Option A is correct because a molecule of hydrogen peroxide [tex]H_2O_2[/tex] is the smallest particle that represents the entire compound.

Why other options are incorrect:

Answer:A. Independent Variable.

Explanation:

The independent variable can be changed, altered and manipulated in an experiment. This is done to observe such a change over the dependent variable.

The three boxes of different materials is an example of independent variable. The effect of which can be observed on the warm air present in each box which is the example of dependent variable.

Answer:

B

Explanation:

edge 2021

The bus is going forward and suddenly stops.

According to Newton's first law of motion, an object at rest or uniform motion in a straight line will continue in that path, unless acted upon by an external force.

Thus, for when you are  riding on a school bus and suddenly get thrown forward, we can conclude that;

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The work done on the wrench is the same as the work done by the wrench on the screw in an ideal no-loss scenario. The torque applied to the screw depends on the perpendicular force and the distance from the screw. Mechanics increase torque by lengthening the lever arm with a pipe, which provides mechanical advantage and requires less force to achieve the same torque.

The amount of work done on the wrench is theoretically the same as the work done by the wrench on the screw when turning it. This is based on the principle of conservation of energy, provided there is no loss due to friction or deformation. However, in a real-world scenario, some energy would be lost to friction, meaning the work you do on the wrench would actually be slightly more than the work done by the wrench on the screw.

When applying a force to the wrench perpendicular to the handle, the torque generated is the product of the force applied and the distance from the screw, following the equation Torque (τ) = Force (F) × Distance (R). For a given force, the torque is maximized when the force is applied perpendicularly to the lever arm (when the angle between the wrench handle and the direction of the force is 90°); this is when the sine of the angle (which is part of the torque calculation when the force is not perpendicular) is at its maximum value, which is 1.

Mechanics sometimes use a length of pipe over a wrench handle to increase the lever arm, which in turn increases the torque for the same amount of force applied, making it easier to loosen a tight bolt despite the increased risk of breaking the bolt if too much torque is applied. This demonstrates the mechanical advantage provided by levers.

Dr. Arenas is performing a chemistry experiment to test Boyle's Law by investigating the relationship between pressure and the volume of sound from exploding chemicals.

Dr. Arenas is conducting an experimental investigation in the field of chemistry. Her work involves measuring the effect of pressure on the volume of sound produced by the explosion of chemicals. This type of experiment is
linked to Boyle's Law, which describes the inverse relationship between the pressure and volume of a gas when the temperature and amount of gas are held constant. By increasing the pressure on a system, Dr. Arenas is observing whether there is a corresponding increase in the amplitude of sound, implying more energy being released or a change in how the sound propagates under higher pressures.

A historical context to this investigation can be found in the experiments of the Irish chemist Robert Boyle, who was one of the first scientists to establish the quantitative relationship between the pressure and volume of a gas. Boyle's Law is foundational in understanding gas behaviors and is a key concept in chemistry and physics education.

Dr. Arenas' investigation may have practical implications in understanding the dynamics of explosions, which could extend to fields such as engineering and safety science. The results of such an experiment could provide insights into the effectiveness of containment strategies for explosions and may also have relevance in acoustic engineering, where understanding how sound intensity varies with pressure is important.

The answer is:

-when Jackhammer is a huge hammer used to breaking up the hard rocks and the hard materials to smaller pieces.

-and the metamorphic rocks are type of rocks which change to metamorphic rock by heating and high pressure so, the chemical and physical properties of the rock will be changed.

-and here in cause of using the Jackhammer there is no change in the chemical or physical properties of the original rock and no high temp(more than 200°C ) or high pressure to change to metamorphic rock . It is just a breaking up of the rock to small parts.

Final answer:

While space exploration has provided many benefits and advancements, considering it as a pathway for human colonization is highly optimistic due to the significant costs and challenges.

Explanation:

Space exploration has significantly benefited humanity in various ways, including advances in science and technology. However, considering it as a means for human colonization may be overly optimistic due to the enormous economic and energetic costs.

The challenges we face concerning resource limitations on Earth occur on a much shorter timescale than it would take to establish a meaningful human presence in space.

Furthermore, while the historical narrative of exploration leading to colonization is captivating, not all exploration results in settlement, and sometimes the value lies in increasing our appreciation for our home planet, Earth.

It is important to distinguish the allure of space colonization depicted in science fiction and entertainment from the harsh realities of space travel. Human survival in the extreme conditions of space poses immense challenges.

Therefore, we should consider our motivations and goals carefully when setting future directions for space exploration. While the dream of a human destiny in space is powerful, it is vital to ground our expectations in the practicalities and ethical considerations of such endeavors.

Correct option: D. Weathering breaks rocks into minerals, and plants die and decay. Soil forms through a slow combination of weathering of rocks (mineral soil) and accumulation of organic matter (organic soil), both vital for terrestrial ecosystems.

Soil formation is a complex process that occurs over long periods of time. It results from the interaction of various natural and environmental forces on mineral, rock, and organic compounds. There are two main types of soils: organic soils and mineral soils. Organic soils form through the process of sedimentation, where organic matter like leaf litter accumulates more rapidly than it decomposes. Mineral soils develop from the weathering of rocks, which is a combination of biological, physical, and chemical processes including erosion, leaching, and effects of temperature changes. Both soil types are crucial for terrestrial ecosystems, supporting plant growth and sustaining various forms of life through the provision of nutrients and mechanical support.

The two forces present when a skydiver jumps out of the plane are air resistance and gravity.

An object moving downwards is under the influence forces which oppose the downward motion of the object.

The downwards forces on the skydiver when he jumped out of the plane include the following;

Thus, we can conclude that the two forces present when a skydiver jumps out of the plane are air resistance and gravity.

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The rubber band will return to its normal size and shape, the t-shirt won't.

Inelastic material does have the ability to regain its original size and shape after it is deformed.

Thus, we can conclude the following;

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Answer:

Parallel to the direction of wave movement

Explanation:

In a longitudinal wave :

The displacement of particle is parallel to the direction of wave movement in the longitudinal wave.

These wave are produce in the form of compression and rarefaction when travelling through the medium.

In transverse wave :

The displacement of particle is perpendicular to the direction of wave movement in the transverse wave.

Hence, Parallel to the direction of wave movement.

By applying Hooke's Law, which correlates the force exerted by a spring to its displacement from equilibrium, it's calculated that the force needed to extend a spring from an original length of 3 cm to 6 cm, assuming within the limit of proportionality, is 12 Newtons.

This question involves the concept of Hooke's Law in physics. Hooke's Law states that the force exerted by a spring is equal to the spring constant times the displacement from the equilibrium position (i.e., F = kx). In the given scenario, the force (F) is 8.0N, and the extension from its original length is (5.0 - 3.0)cm or 2.0cm, which is 0.02 meters to convert in Standard International unit. We can first calculate the spring constant (k).

Using the above formula, k = F/x = 8 / 0.02 = 400 N/m.

Now, to find the force required to extend the spring to 6.0cm, we need to calculate the new displacement which is (6.0 - 3.0)cm or 3.0cm, or 0.03 meters. Applying Hooke's Law again, the required force (F) would be F = kx =  400 * 0.03 = 12 N. Therefore, the force needed to extend the spring to a total length of 6.0 cm without exceeding its limit of proportionality is 12N.

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To find the force needed to extend the spring to 6.0 cm, we first calculate the spring constant using Hooke's Law. Then, we apply Hooke's Law again to find that the required force is 12.0 N.

To solve this problem, we need to apply Hooke's Law, which states that the force needed to extend or compress a spring by some distance is proportional to that distance:

F = kx

where F is the force applied, k is the spring constant, and x is the extension or compression of the spring from its equilibrium position.

First, we need to find the spring constant k. We are given:

The extension x is the difference between the extended length and the original length:

x = 5.0 cm - 3.0 cm = 2.0 cm = 0.02 m

Using F = kx:

8.0 N = k * 0.02 m

Solving for k:

k = 8.0 N / 0.02 m = 400 N/m

Now, we need to find the force required to extend the spring to a total length of 6.0 cm:

Extension needed:

x = 6.0 cm - 3.0 cm = 3.0 cm = 0.03 m

Using F = kx again:

F = 400 N/m * 0.03 m = 12.0 N

Therefore, the force needed to extend the spring to a total length of 6.0 cm is 12.0 N.

Answer:

B.  

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Explanation:

A widow's peak is a V-shaped point in the hairline in the center of the forehead. Hair growth on the forehead is suppressed in a bilateral pair of periorbital fields. Without a widow's peak, these fields join in the middle of the forehead so as to give a hairline that runs straight across.

Your latitude is 20 degrees north of the equator if you see Polaris at 20 degrees above your northern horizon, therefore the correct answer is option C.

The Equator is an imaginary line passing through the middle of a globe. It is equidistant from the North Pole and the South Pole, Its is a horizontal line residing at 0 degrees latitude.

As given in the problem statement If you sight Polaris with an astrolabe and determine its altitude is 20° above the horizon, then we have to find out what this tells about your position on the earth,

Your latitude is 20 degrees north of the equator if you see Polaris at 20 degrees above your northern horizon, therefore the correct answer is option C.

Learn more about the equator from here, refer to the link;

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