Which of the following is a proper buffer substituent pair?
a.
oxalic acid and lithium oxalate
c.
Neither a nor b
b.
carbonic acid and sodium carbonate
d.
Both a and b
​

A characteristic of scientific theory is that it summarizes a set of observations. It is not a mere guess or hypothesis but a widely accepted explanation, which may change as new evidence or perspectives emerge.

One characteristic of a scientific theory is that it summarizes a set of observations. A scientific theory is a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world that is acquired through the scientific method, and it is repeatedly tested and confirmed through observation and experimentation. While a scientific theory can be modified or disproven based on new evidence or perspectives, it is not merely a guess or a hypothesis, but a widely accepted model or framework for understanding certain phenomena.

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Answer:

[tex]\boxed{\text{D. Unbalanced force}}[/tex]

Explanation:

If a rocket is at rest or moving at a constant velocity, the forces on it are balanced.

If the engines are ignited in flight, the thrust from the propellant gases unbalances the forces, and the rocket speeds up.

A is wrong. There can't be zero net force if the rocket is accelerating.

B is wrong. There is no friction in space.

C is wrong. The forces can't be balanced if the rocket is accelerating.

the answer to your question is

true

Answer: False depending on what you do or what happens to the object but true if nothing happens to it

Explanation:

Answer:

The correct answers are first, fourth, fifth

Explanation:

The characteristics that Jupiter and Saturn share include the following:

It should be noted that Jupiter and Saturn are known to be the two largest planets. They are also composed of two main elements which are helium and hydrogen.

Also, Saturn has 8 rings while Jupiter has 4 rings. Saturn and Jupiter are mostly made of gases and have thick atmospheres.

In conclusion, the correct options are 1, 4, and 5.

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        If people are to drive less it only means fewer carbon dioxide emissions because people will save on gasoline. Similarly, it helps keep around 20 pounds of carbon dioxide out of this atmosphere thus reducing the amount of greenhouse gases. Clearly, car related emissions are the major cause of global warming.

        Change a light. Replacing one regular light bulb with a compact fluorescent light bulb will save 150 pounds of carbon dioxide a year.

        Recycling helps reduce greenhouse gas emissions by reducing energy consumption. Using recycled materials to make new products reduces the need for virgin materials. This avoids greenhouse gas emissions that would result from extracting or mining virgin materials.

The formula of aluminum nitride is AlN

the molar mass of Al = 27 amu

the molar mass of N = 14

(1 x 27) + (1 x 14)

= 27 + 14

= 41 amu

Answer:

572 g

Explanation:

Molar mass is the mass of 1 mol of an element or compound

molar mass of Li₂SO₄ is the sum of the products of the molar masses of the elements by the number of atoms in the compound

molar masses of each element making up lithium sulphate

Li - 7 g/mol

S - 32 g/mol

O - 16 g/mol

molar mass of Li₂SO₄ - (7 g/mol x 2) + ( 32 g/mol x 1) + ( 16 g/mol x 4 )

molar mass = 110 g/mol

mass of 1 mol of Li₂SO₄ is 110 g

therefore mass of 5.2 mol of Li₂SO₄ is - 110 g/mol x 5.2 mol = 572 g

mass is 572 g

Answer:

number of energy levels

Explanation:

for example hydrogen and helium are in period 1 and they have 1 energy level

I believe the answer is D. The ballon-like device was not used in this trial.

I am very sorry if this is not what you meant.

Answer:

= 3132.9 Joules

Explanation:

In this case;

Kinetic energy = 0.5 × 0.018 kg × 590²

                        = 3132.9 Joules

The answer is:

The temperature will be the same, 37°C.

Since from the statemet we know the first temperature, pressure and volumen of a gas, and we need to calculate the new temperature after the pressure and the volume changed, we need to use the Combined Gas Law.

The Combined Gas Law establishes a relationship between the temperature, the pressure and the volume of an ideal gas using Boyle's Law, Gay-Lussac's Law and Charles's Law.

The law establishes the following equation:

[tex]\frac{P_{1}V{1}}{T_{1}}=\frac{P_{2}V{2}}{T_{2}}[/tex]

Where,

[tex]P_{1}[/tex] is the first pressure.

[tex]V_{1}[/tex] is the first volume.

[tex]T_{1}[/tex] is the first temperature.

[tex]P_{2}[/tex] is the second pressure.

[tex]V_{2}[/tex] is the second volume.

[tex]T_{2}[/tex] is the second temperature.

Then, we are given the following information:

[tex]V_{1}=200mL\\P_{1}=4atm\\T_{1}=37\°C\\V_{2}=400mL\\P_{2}=2atm[/tex]

So, isolating the new temperature and substituting the given information, we have:

[tex]\frac{P_{1}V{1}}{T_{1}}=\frac{P_{2}V{2}}{T_{2}}\\\\T_{2}=P_{2}V{2}*\frac{T_{1}}{P_{1}V_{1}} \\\\T_{2}=2atm*400mL*\frac{37\°C}{4atm*200mL}=37\°C[/tex]

Hence, we have that the temperature will not change because both pressure and volume decreased and increased proportionally, creating the same relationship that we had before the experiment started.

The temperature will be the same, 37°C

Have a nice day!

Answer:

[tex]\boxed{\text{6 mol}}[/tex]

Explanation:

(a) Balanced equation

2Zn + O₂ ⟶ 2ZnO

(b). Calculation

You want to convert moles of ZnO  to moles of Zn

The molar ratio is 2 mol Zn:2 mol ZnO

[tex]\text{Moles of Zn} =\text{6 mol ZnO} \times \dfrac{\text{2 mol Zn}}{\text{2 mol ZnO}} = \text{6 mol Zn}\\\\\text{You need }\boxed{\textbf{6 mol of Zn}}\text{ to form 6 mol of ZnO}.[/tex]

To make 6 moles of zinc oxide, you would need 6 moles of zinc based on the balanced chemical equation 2Zn + O2 → 2ZnO.

Answer:

C. No shift as the reaction is in equilibrium

Explanation:

Q (the reaction quotient) and K (the equilibrium constant are equal) which means it's in equilibrium.

Answer:

3

Explanation:

Since the atom has three electrons, it has a -3 electrical charge. Since atoms are neutral, 3 protons are needed to get the charge back to 0.

An atom maintains a neutral charge when it has an equal number of protons and electrons. Therefore, an atom with three electrons will have three protons. This principle is integral to the formation of ions when atoms gain or lose electrons.

An atom is characterized by having an equal number of protons and electrons, thus maintaining a neutral charge. Protons carry a positive charge and electrons a negative one. Keeping in mind that a neutral atom has an equal number of both, if an atom has three electrons, it also has three protons.

In Chemistry, we know that atoms are neutral if they contain the same number of positively charged protons and negatively charged electrons. When the counts of these particles are unequal, the atom is electrostatically charged and is called an ion. This charge is calculated as: Atomic charge = number of protons - number of electrons.

For instance, if a neutral sodium atom (Z = 11) with 11 electrons loses one, it forms a cation with a 1+ charge (11 - 10 = 1+). Conversely, a neutral oxygen atom (Z = 8) gaining two electrons becomes an anion with a 2- charge (8 - 10 = 2-).

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a. lawn fertilizer runoff

 Pollution as a result of lawn fertilizer runoff would be difficult to track and regulate due to the possible breadth of the area affected. Toxins can be spread throughout the land area as well as be carried downstream if near a water source. Sewer systems, rivers, lakes, ponds, etc. can all be negatively affected by lawn fertilizer runoff. Irrigation or rain water can carry toxins for many miles before the effects are detected. Tracing the source of the toxins would be difficult, especially in a highly populated area.

Lawn fertilizer runoff is a source of pollution that would be difficult to track and regulate as compared to others.

Pollution that occurs as a result of lawn fertilizer runoff would be difficult to track and regulate because of the large size of the area. Toxins present chemical fertilizer can be spread throughout the land as well as also added to the water source.

So that's why we can say that Lawn fertilizer runoff would be more difficult to track and regulate as compared to others.

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Answer:

[tex]\boxed{\text{11.7 g}}[/tex]

Explanation:

We are given the amounts of two reactant solutions, so this is a limiting reactant problem.

We know that we will need a balanced equation with masses, moles, and molar masses, so, let's assemble our information in one place, with molar masses above the formulas and the

M_r:                                                                              234.77

                      2AgNO₃          +           CaI₂               ⟶ 2AgI + Ca(NO₃)₂

Solution: (50.00 mL, 1.00 M)    (30.00 mL, 1.25 M)

Step 1.  Calculate the moles of each reactant  

Moles of AgNO₃ = 50.00 mL × (1.00 mmol/1 mL)  = 50.00 mmol

    Moles of CaI₂ = 30.00 mL × (1.25 mmol/1 mL)  = 37.50 mmol

Step 2. Identify the limiting reactant  

Calculate the moles of AgI we can obtain from each reactant.

From AgNO₃:  

The molar ratio of AgI:AgNO₃ is 2:2.

Moles of AgI  = 50.00 mmol AgNO₃ × (2 mmol AgI/2 mmol AgNO₃)

= 50.00 mmol AgI  

From CaI₂:

The molar ratio of AgI:CaI₂ is 2:1.  

Moles of CaI₂ = 37.50 mmol × (2 mmol AgI/1 mmol CaI₂) = 75.00 mmol AgI  

AgNO₃ is the limiting reactant because it gives the smaller amount of AgI.  

Step 3. Calculate the mass of AgI.

Mass = 50.00 mmol AgI × (234.77 mg AgI /1 mmol AgI)

= 11 700 mg AgI = 11.7 g AgI

The mass of silver iodide formed is [tex]\boxed{\textbf{11.7 g}}[/tex].

Final answer:

An ice cube has less heat energy than a cup of hot tea because the particles in the ice cube have lower kinetic energy than those in hot tea. The term 'cold energy' is not scientifically accurate; heat energy transfer is the correct concept. The correct answer is A) less heat energy.

Explanation:

An ice cube has less heat energy than a cup of hot tea. This statement aligns with the behavior of heat energy where the particles of a colder substance, like an ice cube, move much slower and thus have lesser kinetic energy compared to the particles in a warmer substance, such as hot tea. Therefore, the correct answer is A) less heat energy. The concept of 'cold energy' is not a scientific term in physics; instead, we discuss energy transfer in terms of heat. For instance, when an ice cube melts, it absorbs heat energy from its surroundings. Hence, a cup of hot tea has more heat energy, which is why it can transfer energy to the ice cube causing it to melt.

Answer:c

Explanation:

Answer:

The correct answer is option C, that is, Aboriginals and Maori.

Explanation:

The two prime groups of people, which have inhabited the islands south of Oceania are the Maori and the Aboriginals. The Maori refers to a group of individuals, which have settled in the South and North islands of New Zealand, while the Aboriginals refers to a group of individuals, which have inhabited Australia about forty thousand years ago.

Answer:

General formula of the hydrate XY.5H₂O

Explanation:

The general formula of a hydrate is given by; XY.nH₂O

Where n is the number of water of crystallization;

n = Moles of H₂O/Moles of XY

  = 0.050 Mol/0.00998 moL

  = 5.01

  ≈ 5

Therefore, the generalized formula of the hydrate is XY.5H₂O

Difference Between Chemical and Physical Weathering.

Weathering processes crack, wear away, and weaken rocks.

While physical weathering breaks down a rock's physical structure, chemical weathering alters a rock's chemical composition.

Final answer:

Physical weathering is the process of breaking down rocks without changing their chemical composition, while chemical weathering involves chemical reactions that alter the composition of rocks. Physical weathering can occur through forces like freeze-thaw cycles, while chemical weathering can happen through processes like oxidation and hydration.

Explanation:

Physical weathering, also known as mechanical weathering, is the process of breaking down rocks and minerals into smaller pieces without changing their chemical composition. This occurs through physical forces such as freeze-thaw cycles, temperature changes, abrasion, and pressure.

Chemical weathering is the process in which rocks and minerals are broken down by chemical reactions that alter their composition. This can happen through processes such as oxidation, hydration, hydrolysis, and carbonation. Chemical weathering can result in the formation of new minerals and alteration of the rock's structure.

An example of physical weathering is when water freezes in cracks in a rock, causing it to expand and eventually crack. An example of chemical weathering is the reaction between water and limestone, which leads to the formation of caves and sinkholes.

The sharing electrons between atoms indicates an ionic bond is FALSE.

I hope this helps

The sharing of electrons between atoms indicates an ionic bond is option B. False.

Hence, the sharing of electrons between atoms indicates an ionic bond is False.

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Answer:

3+

Explanation:

Boron belongs to the 3rd group, the Boron family on the periodic table. It has an atomic number of 5. For neutral atoms of Boron, we have 5 electrons in them.

All atoms lose or gain electrons in order to achieve a perfect noble gas configuration which would give them stability. Noble gases are known to be stable and unreactive.

For Boron, it would readily want to lose 3 electrons so as to mimic a Helium, He atom. Helium is the first element in the noble gas series.

When Boron loses 3 electrons, a net charge of 3+ is left on the atom of Boron.

Answer:

The oxygen-rich blood is then pumped out to your body through your arteries. It's bright red at this point. ... Your lips have a lot of these capillaries, which is why they're red. Your blood, now exhausted of its oxygen, is dark red as it now returns to your heart through your veins.

Explanation:

Answer:

The bright red blood leaving your heart is that color because it has more oxygen. The blood loses some oxygen and turns darker red before it returns to your heart.

Explanation:

Energy transfer in waves involves a disturbance that propagates through a medium, causing particle oscillation and energy transmission. For example, sound waves transfer energy through air via compression and expansion of air molecules. Waves do not move the particles but rather transfer energy through them.

Energy transfer in waves involves the propagation of a disturbance through a medium. This disturbance causes particles of the medium to move away from their equilibrium position, transferring energy from one particle to the next. This transfer occurs as the wave travels through the medium, causing the particles to oscillate back and forth.

For example, in acoustics, energy is transferred via vibrational waves. When a sound wave travels through the air, it compresses and expands air molecules, creating pressure variations that propagate through the medium as a longitudinal wave. These oscillations result in a transfer of energy from the source of the sound to the receiver.

Generally, a wave does not transport the particles of the medium over a distance, but it does transmit energy and momentum. Key characteristics of waves include a disturbance in space and time and a medium with elasticity that can return to equilibrium after deformation.

Types of Waves

Answer:

[tex]\boxed{\text{-2791 kJ/mol}}[/tex]

Explanation:

One way to calculate the lattice energy is to use Hess's Law .

The lattice energy U is the energy released when the gaseous ions combine to form a solid ionic crystal:

M²⁺(g) + 2X⁻(g) ⟶ MgX₂(s); U = ?

We must generate this reaction rom the equations given.

(1) M(s) + X₂ (g) ⟶ MX₂(s);      ΔHf⁰ = -985 kJ·mol⁻¹

(2) M(s) ⟶ M(g);                  ΔHsub =   135 kJ·mol⁻¹

(3) M(g) ⟶M⁺(g) +e⁻                   IE₁ =   731 kJ·mol⁻¹

(4) M⁺(g) ⟶ M²⁺(g) + e⁻             IE₂ = 1403 kJ·mol⁻¹

(5) X(g) + e⁻ ⟶ X⁻(g)                 EA =  -335 kJ·mol⁻¹

(6) X₂(g) ⟶ 2X(g)                      BE =   207 kJ·mol⁻¹

Now, we put these equations together to get the lattice energy.  Underlined species have been cancelled.

                                                        E/kJ  

(7)   M²⁺(g) + e⁻⟶ M⁺(g)                 -1403

(8)   M⁺(g) + e⁻ ⟶ M(g)                     -731

(9)   M(g) ⟶ M(s)                              -135

(10) M(s) + X₂(g) ⟶ MX₂(s)              -985

(11)  2X(g) ⟶ X₂(g)                           -207

(12) 2X⁻(g) ⟶ 2X(g) + 2e⁻               +670

     M²⁺(g) +  2X⁻(g) ⟶ MX₂(s)       -2791

The lattice energy of MX₂ is [tex]\boxed{\textbf{-2791 kJ/mol}}[/tex].

The lattice energy of the ionic compound MX2 can be calculated using the Born-Haber cycle. This accounts for various steps including the sublimation, ionization, dissociation, and electron affinity of the involved elements. In this case, the lattice energy of MX2 is 2633 kJ/mol.

The lattice energy of an ionic compound, in this case MX2, can be calculated using the Born-Haber cycle - a thermochemical cycle involving several steps where every step corresponds to a specific energy change.

The steps include: sublimation of the metal, ionization of the metal, dissociation of the halogen, addition of electrons to the halogen atoms (electron affinity), and formation of the ionic compound.

For this case, you can calculate the lattice energy of MX2 by adding the enthalpy of formation, enthalpy of sublimation, ionization energies, electron affinity (multiplied by 2 as there are 2 halogens per formula unit in MX2), and half of the bond energy (as we are breaking one X2 into two X per formula unit of MX2).

So, the lattice energy = |Δ∘f + Δsub + IE1 + IE2 + 2(ΔEA) + 0.5(BE)|.

Which gives = |-(-985 kJ/mol) + 135 kJ/mol + 731 kJ/mol + 1403 kJ/mol + 2*(-335 kJ/mol) + 0.5*207 kJ/mol| =  2633 kJ/mol. Therefore, the lattice energy of MX2 is 2633 kJ/mol.

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Answer: The energy in fossil fuels is often converted into Electrical Energy or more simply, electricity

The energy in fossil fuels is often converted into different forms of energy, such as thermal, mechanical and electrical energy. This is most commonly achieved through burning fossil fuels, which releases thermal energy that can be used to drive steam engines or to generate electricity.

The energy in fossil fuels is often converted into several other forms of energy, most notably heat or thermal energy. This conversion of energy from one form into another happens all the time. For example, when fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum or natural gas are burned, the chemical energy they contain is converted into thermal energy. This thermal energy can then be used to heat buildings or to operate steam-driven machinery which then converts the thermal energy into mechanical energy. In electric power plants, this mechanical energy is further converted into electrical energy by rotating coils of wire in magnetic fields to generate electricity. It is important to note that not all of the initial energy is converted into the forms mentioned, as some energy is always transferred to the environment.

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Answer:

6.55 atm

Explanation:

we can use the ideal gas law equation to find the pressure of the container

PV = nRT

where P - pressure

V - volume

n - number of H₂ moles - 1.09 g  / 2 g/mol = 0.545 mol

R - universal gas constant - 0.08206 L.atm/mol.K

T - temperature in kelvin - 20 °C + 273 = 293 K

substituting the values in the equation

P x 2.00 L = 0.545 mol x 0.08206 L.atm/mol.K x 293 K

P = 6.55 atm

pressure in the container is 6.55 atm

Answer:

It is options A and D.

Explanation:

Did the assignment.

Final answer:

The reliable sources from the given options are the article by the United States Geological Survey and the study published in the Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, both of which are credible due to their authoritative and scholarly quality.

Explanation:

Among the given options, the following sources are considered reliable:

Reliable sources are essential for research and credible, trustworthy, and unbiased information. These sources guarantee that the evidence and facts presented support the conclusions drawn. The USGS is a reputable government agency known for its research and the publication of scholarly articles, making it a credible source. The Journal of Medicinal Chemistry is part of the peer-reviewed academic publications, which are often published by academic institutions or associations, ensuring a rigorous process of review that adds to their credibility.

Some sources, such as a blog by a non-expert or a publicly editable encyclopedia, lack authoritative oversight and therefore are not as trustworthy. To ensure credibility, consulting multiple reliable sources is recommended, and sources like reputable newspapers, magazines, academic journals, and government publications are generally reliable.

Answer: Sharp spines and waxy stems

Sharp spines because it keeps predators away and it’s skin helps keep in water

Answer: In polar covalent bonds a pair of electrons are unequally shared between two atoms, while in nonpolar covalent bonds two atoms share a pair of electrons with each other.

I hope this helps :)

Explanation: