Answer:
If photosynthesis stopped, most living organisms on Planet Earth, including humans, would die due either (A) to a shortage of energy because no food molecules would be available or (B) to a shortage of oxygen for cellular respiration.
Answer:
That's because for photosynthesis to cease to exist, Earth would have to plunge into darkness. ... Whether the culprit were too much sunlight or not enough, if photosynthesis stopped, plants would stop converting carbon dioxide -- an air pollutant -- to organic material.
Explanation:
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1. Compare and contrast the functions of the plant hormones auxin, ethylene, cytokinin, and gibberellin.
2. Describe how water is pulled from the roots to the leaves of plants, including which parts of the plant are involved.
3. Describe the functions of guard cells.
4. Describe how sugar moves through a plant.
5. Compare and contrast phototropism, geotropism, and thigmotropism by giving an example of each.
Answer:
1. Auxins is a plant hormone that plays role in the differentiation of vascular tissue, stimulates the release of ethylene, prevention of abscission, controls cellular elongation, and enhances fruit development. Cytokinin plays an important role in cell division, delay senescence, and activating dormant buds in plants. The function of ethylene hormone in plants is in fruit ripening, promoting abscission. Gibberellins stimulate pollen tube growth, cause elongation of stems, initiate mobilization of storage materials in seeds during germination.
2. During transpiration, water is pulled from the roots to the leaves through a tissue called the xylem. As water evaporates out of the leaf, more water is 'pulled upwards' to replace lost water.
3. The stomata in the leaves are surrounded by guard cells. They can regulate the rate of transpiration by opening and closing the stomata.
4.During pressure flow, the sugar is transported from leaves to roots and phloem cells through the phloem via active transport.
5.
Phototropism refers to the growth of a plant in response to a light stimulus.
Example: Sunflowers -- flowers turn to face with the sunlight.
Geotropism is a process in which plant grows in response to gravity.
Example: Roots -- grow downward in response to gravity
Thigmotropism is the directional response of a plant organ to physical contact with a solid object.
Example: the growth of ivy on walls -- upon contact to walls
1. How has the human population size changed
throughout history?
Answer:
Like every other organism the population size of the humans have increased over time.
Explanation:
With the improvements in science and technology, life becomes better and better for human beings. In the past, when there were no discoveries for curing diseases, the human population declined because of the spread of various diseases and famine conditions.
But as the developments in the scientific world are made, it has been easier to cure diseases and other problems. As a result, the population size of the human goes on increasing.
Human population has grown exponentially, particularly after the Industrial Revolution, due to advancements in healthcare, agriculture, and technology.
The human population size has undergone significant changes throughout history. In ancient times, the human population was relatively small, likely in the millions.
The advent of agriculture around 10,000 BCE marked a turning point, leading to a gradual increase in population due to improved food production and settled living.
The Industrial Revolution brought about significant advancements in technology, healthcare, and sanitation, leading to a rapid increase in population. This period saw the first major population boom.
In the 20th century, there was an unprecedented explosion in the global population, often referred to as the population explosion.
Advancements in medicine, hygiene, and nutrition significantly reduced mortality rates and increased life expectancy. Access to clean water and sanitation improved, contributing to better health outcomes.
The world population surpassed 7 billion around 2011 and continues to grow, albeit at a slower rate than in the mid-20th century. Various factors influence this growth, including advancements in healthcare, education, family planning, and economic development.
Demographic shifts, migration patterns, and social changes also play significant roles in shaping population dynamics.
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describe how each factor contributes to the genetic diversity of sexually reproducing organisms
Changes in mitosis, crossing over, random fertilization and random arrangement in meiosis.
Explanation:
Genetic diversity of sexually reproducing organisms are controlled by many factors and they are - changes in mitosis, crossing over, random fertilization and random arrangement in meiosis.
During crossing over, the sister chromatids of homologous chromosome crossover and exchange their genes which leads to recombination eventually causing genetic diversity.
Random fertilization of male and female gametes leads to the formation of zygote having the genetic content of both maternal and paternal gametes causing variation.
Environmental factors also causes some change in with time.
Sexual reproduction increases genetic diversity through crossing-over, independent assortment, and the random union of gametes, leading to offspring that are genetically unique from their parents.
The process of sexual reproduction is critical to the genetic diversity of sexually reproducing organisms. Several factors contribute to this diversity:
Crossing-over during meiosis allows for the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes, creating new combinations of genes.
Independent assortment of chromosomes during meiosis results in gametes with various possible combinations of chromosomes, contributing to genetic variation.
The random union of gametes ensures that each zygote (fertilized egg) has a unique genetic makeup, further promoting genetic diversity.
These mechanisms ensure that offspring have a combination of alleles and genes that are different from both parents, providing a wealth of genetic variation that forms the basis for evolutionary adaptation and the capacity of species to survive changes in the environment.
The waters off the coast of France are cold. Which of the following is the best explanation? The gyre rotates counterclockwise, bringing cold water from the south. The gyre rotates counterclockwise, removing warm water from the south. The gyre rotates clockwise, bringing cold water from the north. The gyre rotates clockwise, removing warm water from the north.
The waters off the coast of France are cold because the gyre rotates clockwise, bringing cold water from the north
Explanation:
In general, the oceanic gyres located in the northern hemisphere circulate in a clockwise direction to form the huge circular currents on the ocean surface.
This clockwise rotation is because of the Coriolis Effect which deflects the global wind to the right side of the northern hemisphere along with the surface ocean winds causing the clockwise rotational movements.
The North Atlantic Ocean gyre rotates the wind clockwise, brings in the cold air from the north and rotates along western Europe.
Further, the Beaufort gyre also rotates clockwise and rotates the cold Siberian and Arctic waters from the north to the Atlantic Ocean. Thus the waters of the western coastal regions of France get cooler.
Answer: The correct answer is C: The gyre rotates clockwise, bringing cold water from the north. I took the Earth Science 2.07 Ocean Currents Quiz and got 100% with answer C!
Explanation: In the Northern Hemisphere, the Coriolis effect causes clockwise motion to the right.
This pattern is called a gyre, which consists of the Gulf Stream, North Atlantic Current, Canary Current, and North Equatorial Current.
Gyres in the Northern Hemisphere rotate clockwise, while those in the Southern Hemisphere rotate counterclockwise.
The recessive sex linked gene (h) prolongs The blood clotting time resulting in genetically inherited disease The blood clotting time resulting in genetically inherited disease called hemophilia.
a) If II2 is a carrier (heterozygous Hh), there is a 50% chance of having a hemophiliac child, as she could pass on the recessive allele (h) to her offspring.
b) The chance of having a hemophiliac boy is 50%, as II2 can pass on either the normal allele (H) or the recessive allele (h) to the child.
c) The probability of her first child being phenotypically normal is 50%, as she can pass on either the normal allele (H) or the recessive allele (h) to her child.
d) This indicates that she is either homozygous dominant (HH) or a carrier (Hh).
(a) To determine the probability of the first child being a hemophiliac when individual 1-1-2 (II2) marries a normal man, you need to know the genotype of II2.
If II2 is a carrier (heterozygous Hh), there is a 50% chance of having a hemophiliac child, as she could pass on the recessive allele (h) to her offspring.
(b) If the first child is a hemophiliac, it indicates that II2 is a carrier (Hh). If II2 has another child with a normal man, the chance of having a hemophiliac boy is 50%, as II2 can pass on either the normal allele (H) or the recessive allele (h) to the child.
(c) If II4 has children with a hemophiliac man, you need to know the genotype of II4.
If II4 is phenotypically normal, it means she must be a carrier (Hh).
The probability of her first child being phenotypically normal is 50%, as she can pass on either the normal allele (H) or the recessive allele (h) to her child.
(d) If the mother of 1-2 (II2) is phenotypically normal, it means she does not express the hemophilia trait.
This indicates that she is either homozygous dominant (HH) or a carrier (Hh).
A woman with Type O blood and a man who is Type AB are expecting a child. What are the possible blood types of their baby? Show your work with a Punnetts.
Answer:
All Blood Types
Explanation:
Answer: The possible blood types are A and B.
Explanation: Blood types are classified on the basis of the antigen type present in an individual. There are two types of antigens, antigen A and B. An individual with blood type O has no antigen, while an individual with blood type AB has both antigens. An individual with blood type A has antigen A while an individual with blood type B has antigen B. When A woman with blood type O crosses with a man with blood type AB, the child inherits no antigen from the mother but inherits either antigen A or B from the father.
See the attached punnet square for more information.
why do you think primary productivity is important for the health of an ecosystem.
Answer:
Primary productivity in an ecosystem is important because it lays the foundation of the food chains and food webs being observed in an ecosystem. It is the initial and main source through which energy is added into the food chains and food webs in an ecosystem. The organisms in which primary productivity occurs bring energy for the different organisms living in an ecosystem. Without them, energy will not be able to flow through an ecosystem as there will be no energy produced.
Deletion can happen as a gene mutation or as a chromosomal mutation. What is the difference?
Answer:
Chromosomal mutations: produce changes in the number or structure of chromosomes (they include deletions, duplications, inversions, and translocations). Deletion: involves the loss of all or part of a chromosome.
Final answer:
Deletions describe the loss of a chromosome segment, often resulting in many genes missing, and represent a chromosomal mutation, while gene mutations refer to smaller-scale alterations affecting specific gene sequences within the DNA.
Explanation:
The difference between a gene mutation and a chromosomal mutation lies in the scale of the genetic alteration. A gene mutation, also known as a point mutation, involves a change in a single base pair or a few nucleotides within the DNA sequence, affecting a single gene. This is considered to be a micro-level alteration. On the other hand, a chromosomal mutation results in changes at the chromosome level, such as deletions where a large segment of a chromosome is lost, which may involve several to hundreds of genes, or duplications, where a section of the chromosome is repeated.
Chromosomal mutations can have significant consequences such as developmental delays, as illustrated by trisomy 21, which causes Down Syndrome. Other examples include inversions, where a segment of a chromosome breaks off, flips, and reattaches, and translocations, where segments between non-homologous chromosomes are exchanged. These large-scale alterations often impact multiple genes and can influence the overall structure and function of the chromosomes, leading to more profound effects on an organism compared to most gene mutations.
Can you mathematically calculate the probabilities and genotypes of dihybrid crosses? If so, how?
Also how can you mathematically calculate the probabilities of a regular punnet square mathematically?
Which definition is the best for “semipermeable membrane”?
It is a barrier that prevents materials from moving from one side to the other.
(a)It is a barrier that allows materials to move freely from one side to the other.
(b)It is a barrier with tiny openings that let some, but not all, materials pass through.
(C)It is a barrier that helps materials move from one side to the other.
A semipermeable membrane is a barrier with tiny openings that allow only certain small molecules to pass through, playing a crucial role in processes like osmosis.
Explanation:The best definition for a semipermeable membrane is (b) It is a barrier with tiny openings that allow some, but not all, materials to pass through. This type of membrane has small pores that allow only small molecules to pass through while preventing others. Additionally, in some kinds of semipermeable membranes, certain molecules can dissolve in the membrane and diffuse across it. This is essential in processes such as osmosis, where the semipermeable membrane regulates the movement of water across itself to balance solute concentrations on both sides.
what is an action potential and how do the nociceptors trigger it
Answer AND Explanation:
Stimulation of the membrane causes it to become highly permeable to sodium ions, which diffuse rapidly to the inside due to the concentration gradient. The inside of the membrane becomes positively charged and the outside negatively charged. The membrane is then said to be depolarized. This constitutes the action potential. The reverse of the polarity of the membrane causes the beginning of repolarization.
A chain reaction in fission nuclear reactions results in neutrons produced.
A chain reaction in fission nuclear reactions results in more neutrons being produced.
What is a nuclear chain reaction?A nuclear chain reaction can be defined as a series of nuclear fissions which occurs when the neutrons released produces an additional nuclear fission in an average of one or more atomic nucleus.
This ultimately implies that, neutrons are used to trigger or initiate fission nuclear reactions in a nuclear chain reaction.
In conclusion, we can deduce that a chain reaction in fission nuclear reactions results in more neutrons being produced.
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Using what you have learned in the lesson and the experiment, answer the following question in
complete sentences.
Analyze the property of water you investigated and provide some real-world applications of the
importance of this property of water.
Answer:
Density of water
Explanation:
We observed that the density of water in the form of ice is lesser when compared to the density of water in the liquid form. This property of water cause ice to float on liquid water.
In the real life, fishes are alive even when water freezes, the molecules form more stable hydrogen bonds. This causes the molecules to not be as closer to one another as compared to water in the liquid form. As a result, the density of ice water becomes lesser. water is most dense at 4 degrees Celsius which causes ice to float on water.
The Greenhouse Effect is terrible for the planet Earth and the environments
contained here.
True
(
False
The given statement is false.
The statement "False" indicates that the Greenhouse Effect is not inherently terrible for the planet Earth and its environments. While the natural Greenhouse Effect is essential for maintaining a habitable temperature on Earth by trapping some of the sun's heat, concerns arise due to human activities contributing to an enhanced Greenhouse Effect.
Human-induced emissions, particularly of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide, intensify the natural warming effect. This anthropogenic impact leads to global warming and climate change, causing adverse effects on ecosystems, weather patterns, and sea levels. Thus, it is the intensified, human-driven Greenhouse Effect that poses environmental challenges rather than the natural Greenhouse Effect itself. Hence ,the given statement is false.
Complete question:
The Greenhouse Effect is terrible for the planet Earth and the environments contained here.
True
False
Douglas fir, redwood, spruce, and cedar are trees adapted to survive in areas with heavy precipitation.
In which climatic zone would these trees be found?
A marine west coast
B Mediterranean
C humid subtropical
D steppes
It's either A marine west coast, or C humid subtropical.
" The correct option is A. The correct climatic zone where Douglas fir, redwood, spruce, and cedar trees would be found is A. marine west coast.
These trees are adapted to survive in areas with heavy precipitation, which is a characteristic of the marine west coast climate. This climate is dominated by the oceanic climate and is typically found on the western sides of continents between the latitudes of 40° and 60°. It is characterized by mild winters, cool summers, and abundant rainfall throughout the year, which is ideal for the growth of these types of trees.
On the other hand, the humid subtropical climate (C) does have significant rainfall, but it also features hot summers and generally experiences more seasonal variation in precipitation, which may not be as suitable for these specific tree species. The Mediterranean climate (B) is known for its dry summers and wet winters, which is not consistent with the conditions preferred by these trees. The steppes climate (D) is semi-arid with low precipitation, which would not support the growth of these trees that are adapted to heavy precipitation.
Therefore, the marine west coast climate (A) is the most appropriate choice for the habitat of Douglas fir, redwood, spruce, and cedar trees."
the combination of phosphate, sugar, and nitrogen bases in DNA or RNA
Answer: The combination of phosphate, sugar, and nitrogen bases in DNA or RNA is called a nucleotide.
Explanation: Nucleotides are building blocks of RNA and DNA. In RNA, nucleotide are made up of ribose sugar, a nitrogenous base which can be adenine, uracil, cytosine and guanine; and a phosphate group. The nucleotides in RNA are called ribonucleotides. The nucleotides in DNA are called deoxyribonucleotides and they contain a deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base which can be adenine, thymine, cytosine and guanine.
The activity of two enzymes, pepsin and trypsin, are shown here. These are two enzymes involved in the digestion of food in the stomach and small intestine. At which pH would the activity of both enzymes have the same catalyzing rate? A) 3 B) 4 C) 5 D) 8
Answer:
5
Explanation:
Pepsin works best in acidic conditions at pH of 2 and trypsin in alkaline conditions. A pH of 5 is best for the enzymes since it is less acidic and alkaline. However, the activity of both enzymes would be lower than expected.
Final answer:
The optimal pH for equal catalyzing rates of pepsin and trypsin enzymes is pH 8. Thus, option D is correct.
Explanation:
The pH at which the activity of both pepsin and trypsin enzymes have the same catalyzing rate is pH 8.
Both enzymes have different optimal pH levels due to the different environments they work in - pepsin in the highly acidic stomach environment with an optimum pH of about 1.5, and trypsin in the small intestine with an optimum pH of about 8.
Therefore, at pH 8, trypsin would have its optimal activity level while pepsin would also exhibit activity at this pH.
How do the chromosomes in most cells of an organism, such as the leaf cells of a plant, compare to the chromosomes in its reproductive cells, which are sperm and egg cells?
Answer:
Reproductive cells have half the amount of chromosomes than body cells
Explanation:
I think that you are talking about body cells when you say "most cells in an organism." If that is the case, then the reproductive cells, sperm and egg cells, have half the amount of chromosome than body cells.
For example: Human body cells have 46 chromosomes. Human reproductive cells has 23 chromosomes.
In sexual reproduction, each parent gives 1/2 of a full set of chromosomes to create the full set needed for an organism.
The chromosome number in the vegetative cells of an organism is usually a double of the chromosome number in its reproductive cells.
Normal organisms contain a diploid (2n) number of chromosomes. Usually, the sex cells such as sperm and egg cells contain half of the number of chromosomes in other non-reproductive parts of organisms. sex cells such as sperm and egg cells participate in sexual reproduction. Hence, they are otherwise known as gametes.
During fertilization, the sperm cell with its haploid (n) chromosome number fuses with the egg cell, also with its haploid chromosome number to form a zygote (2n) with a complete chromosome set.
Without the sex cells containing half of the normal diploid chromosome, resulting zygotes from fertilization will not be having the normal chromosome number of organisms.
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What are the four main steps of cellular respiration?
Answer:
Glycolysis
Link reaction.
Krebs cycle.
Electron transport chain
A.P.E.X approved
The four main steps of cellular respiration are: 1. Glycolysis, 2. Pyruvate Decarboxylation, 3. Krebs Cycle, and 4. Electron Transport Chain.
The four main steps of cellular respiration take place in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells.
1. Glycolysis: This occurs in the cytoplasm and involves the breakdown of glucose into two molecules of pyruvate. It produces a small amount of ATP through substrate-level phosphorylation and also generates NADH, which carries high-energy electrons.
2. Pyruvate Decarboxylation: In the presence of oxygen, each pyruvate molecule is transported into the mitochondria and converted into acetyl CoA. This step releases carbon dioxide and generates NADH.
3. Krebs Cycle: Acetyl CoA enters the Krebs cycle, a series of enzymatic reactions that occur in the mitochondrial matrix. During this cycle, carbon dioxide is released, and NADH, FADH2, and a small amount of ATP are generated.
4. Electron Transport Chain: The NADH and FADH2 produced in the previous steps donate their electrons to the electron transport chain, located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. As the electrons move through the chain, energy is released and used to pump protons across the membrane, creating a proton gradient.
These four steps of cellular respiration work together to efficiently extract energy from glucose molecules, allowing cells to meet their energy demands.
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You sample the number of turkey oak seedlings in a
burned and unburned forest. You find 10 seedlings in
the burned forest and 90 in the unburned forest. If
the seedlings were randomly distributed in the two
forests, then the numbers of seedlings in each forest
would be the same. How many seedlings would you
expect in each forest if they were randomly
distributed?
Answer:
[tex]\large\boxed{\large\boxed{\text{You would expect 50 seedings in each forest}}}[/tex]
Explanation:
1. Number of turkey oak seedlings in the burned forest (given): 10 seedlings
2. Number of turkey oak seedings in the unburned forest (given): 90 seedings
3. To find the total number of turkey seedings you must add the seedings found in the burned forest and the seedings found in the unburned forest:
Total number of turkey seedings: 10 seedings + 90 seedings = 100 seedings.4. If the seedlings were randomly distributed in the two forests, then the numbers of seedlings in each forest would be the same (given)
How many seedlings would you expect in each forest if they were randomly
distributed?
Since it is stated that the numbers of seeding in each forest would be the same, then you must divide the total number of seedings by 2:
100 seedings / 2 = 50 seedingsWhich means that you would expect 50 seedings in each forest if they were radomly distributed.
What types of questions could a researcher investigate using a computer model of the enzyme Maltese
Computer model of the enzyme will help researcher investigate its reaction specificity, the effect of alteration or concentration, kinetics of the reaction.
Explanation:
Maltase enzyme is found in saliva and pancreatic juices. Its function is to convert maltose into simpler absorbing form glucose in the process of digestion.
Computer model of enzymes are studied and observed for below-mentioned reasons:
The substrate-enzyme complex pf maltase can be studied to know the specificity of the enzyme.
Chemical structure of the maltase enzyme can be known.
The Activation energy of maltase enzyme can be known.
Enzyme kinetics of the maltase will be studied.
Concept of allosteric sites is studied.
The effect of a mutation on the enzyme can be studied.
The effect of change in concentrations of enzymes or substrate could be studied.
A computer model of the Maltese enzyme could help the researcher to investigate the substrate specificity and reaction kinetics of the enzyme.
What is maltase?It is an enzyme that converts maltose or malt sugar into glucose. It is found in saliva and pancreatic juice.
A computer model of enzyme can help the researcher in the following ways,
It can help to find the substrate specificity of maltase with maltose.It can help to find the reaction kinetics of the enzyme.It can help determine the effect of factors such as temperature, and concentration of substrate.Therefore, a computer model of the Maltese enzyme could help the researcher to investigate the substrate specificity and reaction kinetics of the enzyme.
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Which strand of mRNA would be made during transcription using the DNA
strand shown below?
AGC GCT
O A. UCG CGU
O B. TCG CGA
O C. UCG CGA
O D. AGC GCT
Answer:
C.
Explanation:
In mRNA, there isn't a Thymine nitrogen base. There is a "new" nitrogen base called Uracil, which takes its place. So in transcription, A=U and C=G.
In mRNA, there isn't a Thymine nitrogen base. There is a "new" nitrogen base called Uracil, which takes its place. So in transcription, A=U and C=G.
What is mRNA function and structure?Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a single-stranded RNA molecule that is complementary to one of the DNA strands of a gene. The mRNA is an RNA version of the gene that leaves the cell nucleus and moves to the cytoplasm where proteins are made.
Thus, option "C" is correct.
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Location T has an elevation of ...
350 meters
325 meters
400 meters
250 meters
According to the image, the location of T is 350 meters high.
Topographical mapA topographical map is the main type of map used to represent elevation, often through the use of contour lines. In a Geographic Information System (GIS), digital elevation models (DEM) are commonly used to represent the surface (topography) of a place, through a raster (grid) dataset of elevations.
In a topographic map, the information must be precise, allowing to know, in addition to the exact location of
Urban and agricultural areas Native forests Transport routes Water sources and Areas of human activityThe altimetry quotas that represent its relief.
With this information, we can conclude that in the topographical map, the location T is 350 meters high.
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A maglev train uses powerful magnets to lift the train above the tracks as it moves forward. Such a design reduces what following force.
A rolling friction
B gravity
C air resistance
D fluid friction
Answer:
The answer is A
Explanation:
The presence of a cancerous mass in a lung is the result of
A. Prolonged exposure to very dry air
B. The introduction of chemicals through the skin
C. Uncontrolled mitotic division and growth of cells
D. Meiotic cell division
Answer: C
Explanation:
Uncontrolled cell division is how most cancer starts and continues. Once cells begin dividing uncontrollably the cancer begins to form and gets larger until it’s removed.
Clouds begin to form in the atmosphere when __________ causes ___________ of water on Earth.
A) the sun; evaporation
B) altitude; condensation
C) a temperature drop; evaporation
D) the prevailing wind; convection currents
Answer:
The answer is A.
Explanation:
The clouds begin to form in the atmosphere when the sun causes evaporation of water on Earth.
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Answer:
c
Explanation:
Who determined that involved traits are determined by discrete factors? In what year?
Answer:
Gregor Mendel
Explanation:
It wasn't until 1865 that an Augustinian Monk named Gregor Mendel found that individual traits are determined by discrete "factors," later known as genes, which are inherited from the parents. His rigorous approach transformed agricultural breeding from an art to a science.
Which is the largest Zone in the ocean?
A. Intertidal
B. Neritic
C. Oceanic
Plants in the phylum Coniferophyta are _____.
flowering
fruit-producing
gymnosperms
angiosperms
Answer:
Gymnosperms
Explanation:
Conifers have cones which hold their seeds. They don't produce fruits or flowers.
Use the following terms to explain how specialization occurs: DNA, gene expression, differentiation *
Answer:
Every cell present in an organism has the ability to develop into a specialized type of cell. Specialized cells perform specialized functions.
All the cells of the body have the same DNA and the same number of chromosomes ( except sex cells). Yet, each cell is specialized to perform a different function because each cell has a different gene expression. The genes which are activated in one cell type might not be activated in the other cell type.