Answer:
This is called Signal Detection Theory.
Explanation:
Signal detection theory (SDT) is a framework for interpreting data from experiments in which accuracy is measured.
Rita conducts a study in which she videotapes college students interacting with each other before and after performing a series of cognitive tasks that were presented as "Intelligence tests that can affect your college tuition charges." She then has a carefully trained team observe and record the participants' actions, noting visible signs of anxiety in particular. What type of measure best describes the one used by Rita?
A. Physiological
B. Self-report
C. Behavioral
D. Statistical
Answer:
correct option is C. Behavioral
Explanation:
solution
answer is Behavioral because it is study of connection between the mind and the behavior
it help you to predict that how human being will behave that affect their financial decisions and behavior
here Rita study as Intelligence test that can affect college tuition charge by interacting with students
so that correct option is C. Behavioral
You are the curator of a museum. The museum is running short of funds, so you decide to increase revenue. When should you raise the admission price in order to increase revenue?
Answer:
If demand is elastic an increase or decrease in price of admission will decrease or increase the number of admission respectively and in turn can change the revenue of the museum and that change will depend on the elasticity. If the demand is inelastic there will be an increase in price which will lead to an increase in the revenue of the museum.
Explanation:
Answer:
The correct answer is: When the price ticket demand is inelastic.
Explanation:
Inelasticity is a characteristic of goods that do not change in quantity demanded in front of changes in prices. It is calculated by diving the percentage change in quantity demanded by the percentage change in price. If the result is greater or equal to 1, the product is elastic. If the result is lower than 1, the product is inelastic.
Thus, if a museum curator intends to increase revenue by increase admission tickets price, the curator must make sure that the demand for the price tickets is inelastic.
_____ is caused by opposing expectations related to two separate roles assumed by the same individual.
Answer:
Interrole conflict
Explanation:
In sociology, the term role conflict refers to the conflict between a person's two or more roles or between the opposition of characteristics within one same role.
There are two types of role conflicts:
intrarole conflict which refers to when one person experiences incompatible requirements within one same role.interrole conflict which refers to one person experiencing incompatible expectations from two or more separate roles.Therefore, we can see that interrole conflict is the one that is caused by opposing expectations related to two separate roles assumed by the same individual.
Myrick illustrates five configurations for seating arrangements appropriate for managing large groups of children in school counseling programs Which of the following does he claim is good for making a presentation but may inhibit group interaction?
A. Row formation
B. Semicircles
C. Circles
D. In and Out Circles
Answer:
correct option is A. Row formation
Explanation:
solution
we have here five configuration for the seating arrangement
and we know seating arrangement very impact on children for learning process
so good for presentation is Row formation because
when children sitting in the rows good for focused on the counselor
it help to every students as per level of children
so correct option is A. Row formation
Which political ideology is marked by the advocacy of positive government action to improve the welfare of individuals, government regulation of the economy, support for civil rights, and tolerance for social change?
Answer: Liberalism
Explanation:
Liberalism is a moral and political philosophy that agrees to liberty and equality before the law.
Liberalism support the freedom and right of individuals. Such right includes free market and trade, democracy, civil right, racial equality, freedom of speech, press and religion etc.
Liberalism is the belief in the freedom of people as well as their fundamental human right. It started with John Locke and Montesquieu, before it later broke out during the French Revolution and by the end of the 19th century there was the establishment of liberal government in Europe and both in North and South America.
A researcher is studying the amount of sleep college students get each night. She notices that there is a lot of variability in the data, with some students typically sleeping for around 8 hours a night and some sleeping around 5 hours a night. One way to measure how spread out the data scores are is to use_____________________
Answer: Standard deviation
Explanation:
Standard deviation is expressing the quality of how much group members differ from mean value for the group.
Which of the following was an early approach to federalism in which the national government and state governments had powers over separate spheres, derived from the specifications of the constitution, and operated independently within their separate arenas of authority?
Answer:
Dual federalism
Explanation:
Dual federalism is a type of federalism in which the national government and state government had separate grants of power, act within their separate spheres, derived from the specifications of the constitution and rarely interact. This system of federalism is also referred to as layered cake federalism.
You notice that over the past month, many students on campus have started wearing a new style of school sweatshirt. You think to yourself that perhaps the bookstore has recently started selling this new sweatshirt style. This is an example of a(n):___________
a) experiment.
b) hypothesis.
c) experimental question.
d) type of observation.
Answer: Hypothesis
Explanation:
Hypothesis is a proposed explanation made on the grounds of limited evidence at the initial stage until further and proper findings are carried out.
This scenario is an example of developing b) hypothesis, where you propose that the bookstore might be selling the new sweatshirt style based on the observed trend.
A hypothesis is a suggested explanation that can be tested. The situation described in the question is an example of the development of a hypothesis. When you notice that many students have started wearing a new style of school sweatshirt and think that the bookstore might have started selling it, you are making a suggested explanation that can be tested. This aligns with the definition of a hypothesis, which is a proposed explanation based on evidence that can be examined through further observation or experimentationIn the United States before the Civil War, it was illegal to... A. sell a slave to another master. B. take a slave's child away. C. teach a slave to read or write. D. punish a slave without a good reason.
Answer:
In the United States before the Civil War, it was illegal to teach a slave to read or write.
Explanation:
In the southern states where slavery was legal and most white families owned slaves, it was illegal to educate a slave to become literate. The act of teaching a slave was unanimously criminalized by all the southern states because the leaders of these states feared the idea of slave getting educated and revolting against them. The states had laws in place to punish the one who tried to educate slaves.The correct answer is C. teach a slave to read or write. In the United States before the Civil War, it was illegal to teach a slave to read or write.
Before the Civil War in the United States, the laws in many states, particularly in the South, prohibited the education of slaves. These laws were enacted out of fear that literacy would empower enslaved people to communicate, organize, and potentially rebel against the institution of slavery. The ability to read and write was seen as a threat to the social order that relied on the subjugation of Black people. Therefore, teaching a slave to read or write was considered a criminal offense in many slaveholding states.
The other options provided do not accurately reflect the legal restrictions of the time:
A. Selling a slave to another master was a common practice and was legal. The slave trade, both domestic and international, was an integral part of the economy of the Southern states.
B. Taking a slave's child away was also legal and a common practice. Enslaved families could be separated and children could be sold away from their parents at the discretion of the slave owner.
D. While there were some laws that regulated the treatment of slaves, including limitations on the types of punishment that could be inflicted, the enforcement of these laws was inconsistent, and in practice, slave owners had a great deal of latitude in punishing slaves as they saw fit. The notion of needing a good reason to punish a slave was subjective and often biased in favor of the slave owner.
If a firm holds a pure monopoly in the market and is able to sell 4 units of output at a price of $2.00 per unit and 5 units of output at $1.75 per unit, it will produce and sell the fifth unit only if the marginal cost of producing the fifth unit is.____________
Final answer:
A pure monopoly should produce and sell the fifth unit if the marginal cost of producing that unit is less than or equal to the marginal revenue of $0.75, which ensures profits are not reduced.
Explanation:
If a firm holds a pure monopoly in the market and can sell 4 units of output at a price of $2.00 per unit and 5 units at $1.75 per unit, it will produce and sell the fifth unit only if the marginal cost of producing the fifth unit is less than or equal to the marginal revenue generated from selling the fifth unit.
Let's calculate the marginal revenue (MR) for the fifth unit. The total revenue for selling four units is $8 (4 units * $2/unit), and the total revenue for selling five units is $8.75 (5 units * $1.75/unit). The MR of the fifth unit is therefore the difference, which is $0.75 ($8.75 - $8).
The firm will produce and sell the fifth unit if the marginal cost (MC) of producing that unit is less than or equal to $0.75. This is because producing additional units adds to overall profits as long as MR ≥ MC. If the MC is higher than $0.75, producing the fifth unit would lead to a decrease in profits.
Travis is a third grade student with an intellectual disability. He has just been placed in Mrs. Kinard's third grade class. Students in his class are learning their multiplication facts. Travis is eager to participate in class but instead of allowing Travis to do the same activity as the other students, Mrs. Kinard gives him a coloring worksheet that she obtained from a colleague who teaches kindergarten. Which of the disadvantages of labeling is exemplified by her actions?
A) Lower expectations.
B) Both time and money.
C) Behaviour.
Answer:A) Lower expectations.
Explanation:Since Mrs kinard knows that Travis suffers from Intellectual disability which is a disability that causes someone to experience major limitations both intellectually and in adaptive behavior, she is now using this disorder to label him as someone incapable of difficult task. Since people with intellectual disabilities are described as individuals who find it hard to solve problems , she probably label him using that and believes Travis can't be able to do multiplications , the fact that she knows what Travis suffers from has lowered her expectations of him.
Answer:
A
Explanation:
This label has caused her to think lower expectations
The pre-information that Mrs Kinard has gotten about Travis' intellectual disability, made Travis to be labelled automatically. He was seen as being incapable of learning and solving problems. She developed a mindset that Travis can"t fit in. This lower expectation she had of him is a great disadvantage because she made no attempt to see if there is a slight possiblity that he can achieve it, by giving him a coloring worksheet.
Sally, a conflict theorist, and Ralph, a structural functionalist, decide to set their personal values and views to the side for the duration of a joint research project. By setting aside their personal values and views they are most clearly trying to:A) avoid harming subjects.
B) behave ethically.
C) maximize any political findings.
D) enhance their intersubjectivity.
E) assure their right to privacy.
Answer:
Enhance their inter-subjectivity
Explanation:
Inter-subjectivity is the distribution of knowledge. It is not a smooth distribution. Knowledge is a product of distribution that is not equally distributed. The inequality arises from the chances for a different culture, status, economics, and literacy and familiarity. Thus in this process, the lumpy distribution called the most abstract way to distribute the knowledge.
Thus Sally who is a conflict theorist, and Ralph who is Ralph's structure functionalist. have decided on their personal views and the value. To put aside these value they most clearly define trying to enhance their inter-subjectivity.
Which of the following is a sample in which personal judgment is used to select respondents? A. Nonprobability sample B. Probability sample C. Case study D. Convenience sample E. Representativeness
Answer:
Non-probability sample
Explanation:
Non-probability sampling is a sampling that could not provide equal chances to the population to be selected equally. Many of the researchers are bounded by time. In this sample process, it is impossible to select a sample randomly out of the population. This sample process is not coming under random sampling. In non-probability sampling, large of the portion of the population is not sampled in this process. So that it can not say that the sample represents the population accurately.
There are different type on the non-probability sample are here:
Convenience sampling Consecutive sampling Quota sampling Judgment sampling Snow samplingEnvironmental Protection Agency (EPA) defines hazardous substances as any chemicals released into the environment above a certain amount that pose a threat to waterways and the environment. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) defines hazardous substances as every chemical regulated by the:in.gov/dhs/2526.htm
Answer:
please elaborate more
Explanation:
_________ philanthropist and social reformer traveled throughout the U.S. observing the care given to the "insane". She was so appalled at what she saw that she spent the rest of her life approving the conditions for the incarcerated and mentally ill.
Answer:
Dorothea Lynde Dix
Explanation:
Dorothea Lynde Dix was born in Hampden, Maine, in 1802, to Joseph Dix, a Methodist preacher known for alcoholism and depression. Joseph taught Dorothea how to read and write and she developed love for books and learning.
When she grew up a bit, she traveled with friends around England and when she returned to the U.S, she grew passion for better treatment of insane people. She taught inmates in an East Cambridge prison, and witnessed the poor living conditions in that area which made her to quickly agitate for the legislature of Massachusetts to make reforms for better living conditions.
In large urban areas, people know how to establish private zones of solitude, even in large crowds. Erving Goffman analyzes this as an example of socialization called _________.
Answer: Civil inattention
Explanation:
The civil inattention is one of the type of socialization process in which the the strangers are aware about the one another and they claimed about the public space in the urban areas and also established the private zones and the personal boundaries.
It is profess of reducing the acknowledgement in the form of social interaction with the strangers.
According to the given question, the erving goffman basically analyzing the given situation and this is basically refers to an example of the socialization which is known as the civil inattention.
Therefore, Civil inattention is the correct answer.
Final answer:
Erving Goffman's study of social interaction in crowded urban areas is an example of 'civil inattention,' a concept of socialization where individuals recognize but do not intrude on each other's privacy to maintain a sense of autonomy in shared public spaces.
Explanation:
Erving Goffman, a prominent sociologist, explored various aspects of social interaction and the concept of self-presentation within society. In large urban areas, the ability of people to establish private zones of solitude, even in large crowds, exemplifies their socialization skills. Goffman analyzed this phenomenon as part of civil inattention, a term that refers to individuals in a public setting who give others enough recognition to acknowledge their presence without intruding into their privacy. It's a subtle social dance where strangers navigate shared spaces while respecting each other's personal boundaries, thus realizing socialized autonomy, where singular persons accommodate themselves to a society's structure and aims as they go their separate ways.
Civil inattention is a form of non-verbal communication that, while not overtly taught, becomes a learned behavior as a result of socialization processes. Such processes include the internalization of societal norms, adapting to roles within families and professions, and conforming to laws and customs. This concept illustrates how people can be alone while together, as they trust the situation and adapt to the social scripts required while navigating public spaces, such as city streets or transport systems.
Twin research studies suggest that shared environments have a strong influence in shaping personalities. T F
The answer is False
Explanation
Answer:
F
Explanation:
F
In first grade, Scott is unfairly singled out by his teacher for bad behavior, partly because his older brothers had behavioral problems themselves. Throughout grade school, Scott gains a reputation as a "problem" child. Scott eventually drops out of school, thinking he was born to fail anyway. Which school of thought best fits Scott's experience? A.Strain theory B.Control theory C.Differential association DLabeling theory
Answer:
D. Labeling theory
Explanation:
In psychology, the term "labeling theory" represents a phenomenon that describes an individual's behavior and self-identity can be influenced or determined via different terms that are being used to classify or explain them. The concept of labeling theory is associated with stereotyping and self-fulfilling prophecy.
It states that a person becomes "deviant" if a specific deviant label is being applied to him or her and therefore adapts the given label by carrying out actions, attitudes, and behavior connected with that label.
In the question above, Scott's experience is best described by labeling theory.
Is it correct to claim that traits always become more complex or specialized over time?
Answer:
No, because it is common to observe that they don't.
As an alternative to the Original Medicare Plan, beneficiaries can elect to enroll in private health insurance plans that cover all services that the Original Medicare Plan covers except hospice care. These private health insurance plans that are an alternative to the Original Medicare Plan are _________.
Answer:
Medicare Advantage Plans.
Explanation:
In order to medicare Medicare Advantage Plans, a citizens need to contact with the private company that provided the medicare plan. Typically, they will have to pay higher payment and this plans usually targeted toward people within middle class- upper class in the income bracket.
The medicare advantage plans offer a lot of benefits compared to the normal medicare plan. For example, Medicare advantage plans allow you to pick the doctors that you like and include special prescription drugs that are better compared to the normal medicare plan.
What is workers’ compensation?
Answer: b- private health insurance plan purchased by employers that covers expenses related to on-the-job injuries
second part:
What is Medigap?
Answer:b- Privately funded insurance plan that covers expenses not covered by Medicare
correct on EDG 2020
The TREC One-to-Four Family Residential Contract (Resale) states that if the license holder is a party to the transaction and owns more than _____ of the property, the other party must be notified in writing before entering into a contract.
Answer:
The TREC One-to-Four Family Residential Contract (Resale) states that if the license holder is a party to the transaction and owns more than 10 percent of the property, the other party must be notified in writing before entering into a contract.
Explanation:
Any contract that is about to be signed and entered into is subject to the knowledge of all the parties that are involved in the contract. Moreover, if the object of the contract has more than one owner, it is mandatory that all the co-owners of the object are individually a party to the contract with full and unequivocal consent to the deal.The activism of state citizens, who have demanded safer road conditions as well as stiffer penalties for intoxicated drivers, have lead to a significant decrease in the number of traffic accidents.
A. have lead to a significant decrease in the number
B. have lead to significant decreases in the number
C. has lead to a significant decrease in the number
D. has been significant in the decrease in the number
E. has significantly decreased the number
Answer:
The correct option is E: has significantly decreased the number
Explanation:
From the sentence, we can see that the sentence subject in this case is activism, and the singular verb is identified as "has", thus this eliminates the options A and B. Option D is too wordy and awkward. In Option C, the word "lead" makes the sentence wrong, as "led" would be correct since "demanded" is in past tense. Only Option E is correct.
Bill drives faster than the speed limit only when his friends are in the car with him because they tell him he is cool. Bill’s behavior of driving over the speed limit only when his friends are with him is said to be under ____________ control.
a- situational
b- operant
c- isolated
d- stimulus
Answer:
d- stimulus
Explanation:
Stimulus control: In psychology, the term stimulus control is defined as the phenomenon in which a particular stimulus increases a particular behavior's probability in the theory of operant conditioning due to the former experience of that specific behavior being reinforced differently in the presence of that stimulus.
Stimulus controls involve the extinction and reinforcement techniques.
In the question above, the given statement signifies the stimulus control.
Reflecting the influence of ____, Raphael included his portrait in the reflection in his painting of Pope Leo X.
Answer: Netherlandish art
Explanation:
Answer: Netherlandish art/ Flemish Primitives.
Explanation:
So let us go back to little history, shall we?
Raphael was born in Urbino, Italy on the sixth day of April, in the year 1483. Unfortunately, Raphael died during his 37th year on earth on the 6th of April, in the year 1520. Rapheal was an architect and also a painter. He worked as architect for many buildings, including the palaces and religious buildings. As a painter, Rapheal worked on Pope Leo X paintings.
So, when Rapheal was hired to work on the Pope Leo X potrait paintings he made sure to reflect a painting style that was commonly used by artists during the fifteenth century and the sixteenth century, the art is called NETHERLANDISH ART or Flemish Primitives.
Jenny is always the last one to enter the workplace and the first one to leave. She has an eight-hour shift at work but only does six hours of work every day. In the context of workplace deviance, this is an example of _____. Group of answer choices property deviance production deviance political deviance personal aggression
Answer: production deviance
Explanation: production deviance is behavior that is against or violates formally prescribed organization norms with respect to minimal quality and quantity of work to be done as part of one’s job description. Production deviance affects the quality and quantity of work produced.
Jenny coming late to work and always the first to leave is an example of production deviance. Not always completing her work shift will affect the quality and quantity of work produce in the organization.
Answer:
Jenny is always the last one to enter the workplace and the first one to leave. She has an eight-hour shift at work but only does six hours of work every day. In the context of workplace deviance, this is an example of PRODUCTION DEVIANCE
Explanation:
May I have brainliest please? :)
1. published his notes from the convention Benjamin Franklin 2. refused to attend the Constitutional Convention James Madison 3. was in France during the convention Patrick Henry 4. city where the convention was held George Washington 5. counted as three-fifths of a person Black slave 6. president of the convention Philadelphia 7. important leader of the convention Thomas Jefferson
Answer:
James Madison
published his notes from the convention
Patrick Henry
refused to attend the Constitutional Convention
Thomas Jefferson
was in France during the convention
Philadelphia
city where the convention was held
Black slave
counted as three-fifths of a person
George Washington
president of the convention
Benjamin Franklin
important leader of the convention
Explanation:
Constitutional convention is a meeting for the purpose of writing a new constitution or revising an existing constitution. Members of the convention who may or may not be elected by popular vote are called delegates. The above lists the members of constitutional convention of Philadelphia 1787(may-september) which was called for the purpose of decided how the "new America"(after independence) was going to be governed (revising articles of confederation and other greater concerns by members)
Answer:
1. James Madison published his notes from the convention 2. Patrick Henry refused to attend the Constitutional Convention 3. Thomas Jefferson was in France during the convention 4. Philadelphia is the city where the convention was held 5. Black slave counted as three-fifths of a person 6. George Washington was the president of the convention 7. Benjamin Franklin was the important leader of the convention.
Explanation:
A constitutional convention is commonly referred to as a form of gathering whereby a new constitution is being drafted. In addition, an existing or old constitution is also being revisited, checked and revised. In most cases, the delegates in the convention are selected by public vote. The sentences in the question are arranged properly as shown above.
A systematic investigation which involves collecting, analyzing, and interpreting information in a sequential manner in order to increase our understanding of the phenomenon of interest is also known as
Answer: Research
Explanation:
Research is the process through which investigation on any subject or topic is conducted on basis of sources and facts in systematic manner. This investigation is based on the gather materials and evidences that act as the initial step for carrying out the experiment for new outcomes.
Research mechanism includes steps of gathering related evidences, analyzing the procedure, evaluation of the results, studying the process etc in orderly way.
Final answer:
The systematic investigation described is known as the scientific method, which includes steps such as observation, hypothesis formation, experimentation, and conclusion, serving as the backbone of empirical research.
Explanation:
A systematic investigation involving the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data to enhance our understanding of a particular phenomenon is known as the scientific method. This process serves as a fundamental framework for conducting scientific research and typically includes the following sequential steps:
Making observations.Asking a question.Forming a hypothesis.Testing the hypothesis through experiments.Drawing conclusions based on the experiment's outcomes.Communicating the results to the scientific community.The scientific method is a reliable and established method that helps organize studies and ensures that results are based on empirical evidence. It is a powerful tool in the quest for knowledge, applicable not only in natural sciences but in many different contexts where problem-solving and discovery are required.
According to the national spending approach, which of the following is counted in investment? a. a student pays for tuition at a university b. a retiree buys newly issued U.S. government bonds c. a college graduate buys a new car after graduating d. a restaurant buys a new wood-fired oven for baking pizzas
Answer:
d. a restaurant buys a new wood-fired oven for baking pizzas
Explanation:
The national spending approach sometimes known as the spending approach. It is the method of finding out the GDP of a country by the calculating all the spending throughout the country which includes investment, consumption and spending.
Thus in the context, a restaurant owner buying a new wooden fired oven used for baking pizzas is considered an investment as it contributes to the national GDP of the economy when someone buys a product.
Final answer:
In the context of the national spending approach, the example of a restaurant buying a new wood-fired oven for baking pizzas is counted as investment. This is because it is a purchase of capital that will be used to produce goods. Examples of gross private domestic investment include construction of new manufacturing plants, purchase of land for commercial use, increase in business inventories, and acquisition of capital goods like computers.
Explanation:
Within the national income and product accounts, investment refers to the purchase of goods that will be used in the future to produce more goods and services. It is a component of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) which includes business investments in equipment and structures, residential construction, and changes in business inventories. When we speak of investment in an economic sense, it does not involve buying securities such as stocks or bonds, as these are considered financial transactions. Instead, investment is about adding to the physical stock of capital in the economy.
Answering the student's question, among the given options, d. a restaurant buys a new wood-fired oven for baking pizzas is counted in investment according to the national spending approach. This is because the restaurant is purchasing a new oven that will be used for the production of pizzas which is a physical capital investment.
Expanding on related examples regarding what constitutes gross private domestic investment:
General Motors builds a new automobile assembly plant - This is an investment as it's the creation of a facility for producing goods.Consolidated Construction purchases land for a new shopping center - This is an investment due to the intent to create a commercial structure which constitutes fixed investment.A K-Mart store adding 1,000 T-shirts to its inventory - This counts as investment too as it's an increase in business inventories.Crew buys computers for its office staff - This is also considered investment because computers are capital goods that aid in producing services or managing production.GDP Inclusions and Exclusions
When discussing which transactions are included in GDP:
The cost of hospital stays and the fees for child care provided by a licensed day care center are included as they represent payments for services rendered in the economy.New car sales are included in GDP as they are a measure of the economy's output.The iron that goes into the steel that then goes into a refrigerator bought by a consumer is indirectly included as it is a raw material for a final good that is accounted for in GDP.Transactions like the life expectancy increase, unpaid child care by a grandmother, used car sales, or the variety of cheese available are not included in GDP as they do not reflect current economic production of goods and services.
For a group of people with distinctive values and behaviors to be considered a subculture, there must be general agreement within the group about which values are embraced and the extent to which shared meaning can be agreed upon by its members.A. True
B. False
Answer:
For a group of people with distinctive values and behaviors to be considered a subculture, there must be general agreement within the group about which values are embraced and the extent to which shared meaning can be agreed upon by its members is a TRUE statement.
Explanation:
Often in a culture that hosts people with distinctive values and behaviors, it is required by the people to comply with the behavior of the others to some extent so that all the elements of the culture get to live peacefully. There is a certain level of understanding even between the people who display distinct behavior, as it is conventionally accepted that cooperation is necessary for peace to prevail.Economists who are asked to choose between two government policies may disagree because: a. economists are trained ignore facts and focus on theory. b. as a matter of course, economists often take opposing points of view so that all sides of a question may be discussed. c., c. they make the same value judgments about the desirability of the policies. they base their conclusions on models that make d. different assumptions
Answer:
d). they base their conclusions on models that make different assumptions.
Explanation:
Economist are persons who studies economics and the past historical trends and then make them to forecast the future trends. Basically an economists analyzes the issues including consumer demand or sales to help an organization maximize the profits.
When an economist is given two different government policies and is ask to choose between them, they tend to disagree because economist generally make their conclusions on the basis of their models which end up in having different assumptions.
Models help the economist to predict and explain the economic behavior in the real world.
Hence the answer is (d)