what was the effect of Austria-Hungary's annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina?

a.) the withdrawal of Russia's support of Serbia

b.) the assassination of Austria's heir to the throne

c.) a compromise between Serbia and Austria-Hungary

d.) a Serbian declaration of war on Austria-Hungary

1. The settled agriculture changed the life-style of the humans totally. From being nomadic hunter-gatherers only concerned about surviving, the humans now were able to sustain themselves in one place without any big concerns. The production of food was so high that there was surplus, eliminating the main concern about survival. This gave the humans much more spare time, and that spare time led to the development of astronomy, philosophy, sciences, architecture, which quickly was transforming the human societies.

2. The humans that lived in pre-civilized societies had totally different life-style than the ones that were civilized. The civilized humans had settled life, and they had secured the problem with the food, having spare time to focus and develop other things. The pre-civilized humans had only two main concerns and objectives in their lives, getting enough food and safety. This was due tot heir hunter-gatherer life-style, which basically meant that they directly depended on nature for their food sources, so they had to move constantly in an attempt to find enough to survive. Also, that was constantly putting them in dangerous situations, as lot of the animals that were hunted were very dangerous, and on top of that, there were predators luring everywhere.

3. The advantages of the Agricultural Revolution were countless for the humans. The Agricultural Revolution enabled them to have lot of spare time. In this spare time, the humans started to use their brain-power for other things, such as science, astronomy, architecture, development of politics, philosophy etc. That resulted in a very rapid and constant technological development, which in turn was constantly improving the lives of the humans. A disadvantage of the Agricultural Revolution for the humans can be seen that they became more and more isolated from the nature, as well as the much lesser knowledge of the space as the movement was in much lesser extent for several thousands years, thus the humans were usually aware of only the things surrounding them.

The Dred Scott vs. Sandford decision by the Supreme Court of the US. Scott sued for his freedom on the ground that he lived in a free state and a free territory for a prolonged period of time. The main points of the Dred Scott decision were:

- The fact that Dred lived in a free state for a prolonged period of time did not make him free once he returned to a pro-slave state.

- Dred Scott could not be considered a citizen of the US and could not sue the government.

- The Court also decided that the Congress did not have the power to ban slavery in a territory because that decision would be the violation of the 5th Amendment. Which made the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional.

Answer:

Border ruffians helped to chase abolitionists out of Missouri.

Explanation:

The Border Ruffians were a private army raised by the big slave owners of Missouri, at a time when the history of cotton farming was marked by political conflict over the gaining of new lands in the west, shortly before the Civil War.

They were involved in the bloody events of Bleeding Kansas, at the time of a political race between abolitionists and slavers to determine whether Kansas, created in 1861 as a state, with two representatives in the Senate, would be a slave state or not.  

The Missouri slave owners were actively campaigning for the United States to remain a slave country. They had created the Border Ruffians, which crossed the western shore of Missouri to the neighboring lands of Kansas Territory, where they were engaged in the armed struggle against abolitionists like John Brown.  

By March 1855, the Missouri Border Ruffians invaded Kansas during the first election in the territory and imposed a pro-slavery legislature. In 1857, the governor of the Kansas Territory dismissed them and a fragile peace was established.

Two of their leaders was Douglas County Sheriff Samuel J. Jones from Missouri and Benjamin Franklin Stringfellow, Missouri General Attorney.

African Americans and women played a role in Civil war as nurses, cooks, teachers, laborers and later one were actually drafted into the war as soldiers, but many were used a cheap labor getting paid minimum wage.

Women filled manufacturing and agricultural positions at home while millions of men were away. Others served as nurses, doctors, ambulance drivers, translators, and, in rare cases, combatants on the front lines.

Millions of women had been employed by 1945 to supply the military with aircraft, ships, and ammunition. Women were encouraged not only to volunteer to raise funds, to take in evacuee children, to 'dig for victory in their gardens, and to work in war work factories, but they were also encouraged to join the military ranks.

African American women played active roles in securing their own freedom during the American Civil War, resisting and escaping slavery, assisting Union soldiers in Southern territory, and acquiring militarily sensitive information while working as servants in Confederate households.

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Answer:

Reducing the threat of French privateers

Explanation:

Fort Caroline was a French colony that was located in the US, it was built as a refuge for the Huguenots that were members of the Protestant Reformed Church of France, Catholics, and agnostics.

At the same time, Spain was spreading its influence in South and Central America through its sea routes. This sparkled uneasiness into the Spanish that was concerned with the French settlement because the Spanish needed the Florida coast.

Because of that, Spanish Admiral Pedro Menendez attacked the colony, about 350 men were killed.

Answer: reducing the threat of French privateers

Explanation:

I took the test

Women partook in all the antebellum changes, from abolition to transcendentalism. From multiple points of view, traditional perspectives on women as nurturers caused them to invest themselves in this.

A few women pushed a considerably larger job for themselves and other women by teaching youngsters and men what they called strong republican standards.

It was, though, by working towards the goal of abolitionism that many women saw their situation as not very different of those who were of black skin.

Even though they were doing something revolutionary and pushing towards the freedom of black people, most abolitionists were still men of their time, with this idea that there were gender roles. Also, those old white man would frequently keep women and blacks from getting an administration position in the American Anti-Slavery Society.

Antebellum feminists were radical in that they challenged the status quo of gender roles, especially through their involvement in abolitionism, equating their oppression to slavery. Nonetheless, they also adhered to traditional roles, as demonstrated by their active roles in temperance and education, driven by notions of women's nurturing and morally superior nature.

Antebellum feminists were considered radical because they challenged traditional gender roles, particularly through their involvement in the abolitionist movement. These feminists likened their oppression by males to the enslavement of African Americans, which was a bold comparison for that era. They formed female anti-slavery societies, asserting their capacities to engage in public discourse and decision-making, which were traditionally male-dominated realms. Notably, figures such as Lydia Maria Child, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucy Stone, and Susan B. Anthony spearheaded these radical endeavors.

However, antebellum feminists also upheld certain traditional values and roles. Their participation in reforms including temperance and education was often influenced by societal expectations of women as nurturing and moral guardians of the home. This perspective, known as 'Republican Motherhood', upheld the belief that women, due to their inherently moral nature, had the critical role of educating children in republican principles. In this way, they straddled the line between asserting new rights and conforming to expected feminine roles.

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Answer:

The two countries that were engaged in a negotiation that the Lodge Corollary disallowed were Mexico and Japan.

Explanation:

The Lodge Corollary, approved by the United States Senate in 1912, expanded the Monroe doctrine to also cover the actions of corporations and associations controlled by foreign states.

In 1912, it seemed that Japanese businessmen were about to buy huge tracts of land from Baja California, in Mexico, on the border with southern California. Lodge proposed and the Senate ratified what has come to be known as the Lodge Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine. The United States would not allow foreign interests of any kind to grant to a foreign government "a power of control for practical purposes" over any territory in this hemisphere. The Japanese government immediately denied that it had any relationship with the investors and the sales deals of the Baja, if there had been any, evaporated.

Answer:

Puritans felt a lack of guilt for their harsh punishments for broken rules because of they followed "Old Testament teachings" (A).

Explanation:

The punishment imposed by the puritans is found in the bible's old testament. This was before the coming of Jesus Christ. It is due to this that the puritans developed justification for their unworthy actions that they did in the past. The puritans had different religious groups who had created a theology of the common criticism. The puritans also wanted to purge all churches of the Roman Catholic’s ruling hierarchies of cardinals and bishops. They, therefore, conducted ceremonies that involved the clergy with repeated prayers and liturgy.

Railroads were faster, cheaper, and had greater range than canals, but still grew only gradually at first. The transportation revolution produced the rapid growth of towns and cities.

Even while railroads outperformed canals in terms of speed, cost, and range, their initial growth was still modest. The fast rise of towns and cities was a result of the transportation revolution.

With the use of canals, steamboats, and railroads, the growth of domestic trade in America significantly grew. The Transportation Revolution came to be known as a result of these technological developments.

Early 1800s developments in transportation networks had a significant impact on America's economy. Markets expanded as a result of the building of roads, canals, and railroads, which also made it easier for people to move around and changed the physical environment.

The American transportation revolution occurred in the 19th century. As a result, crucial modes of transportation like as canals, railroads, and steamboats were developed in the 1800s. The future of the country was dramatically broadened by the transportation revolution.

Thus, Even while railroads outperformed canals in terms of speed.

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Answer:

The correct answer is D. a Whig

Explanation:

The elections for president of the united states in the year of 1840 was held by the Democrat Martin Van Buren, who was fighting to be re-elected, and the head of the Whig party called William Henry Harrison. The winner was William H. Harrison who was a Whig.

William Henry Harrison, a Whig, won the 1840 U.S. presidential election, signifying the influence of the Whig Party during the second party system era.

This marked a significant point in the second party system era in the United States, which had replaced the older Federalist and Democratic-Republican parties with the new Democratic and Whig parties. The Whigs, known for supporting internal improvements and having a diverse stance on issues like moral reform and the abolition of slavery, elected not only Harrison but also Zachary Taylor as presidents during their existence.

The three-fifths rule was a rule that was created to solve the problem of representation in the US Congress. With this rule, slaves were considered 3/5 of a person for purposes of representation and direct taxation.

The main arguments that led to this rule was that Southern slaveholders wanted slaves to count for the purposes of representation, because then the Southern states would be considered more populated and it would cause a bigger representation of their interests in Congress. But Northern states feared that this would give southerners too much power.

The main consequence of that rule was that with it Southern States held the balance of political power.

When Coxey's Army arrived in Washington, they were generally ignored but given the opportunity to meet with members of Congress. Some members of the army were arrested.

When Coxey's Army arrived in Washington, they were generally received with a mixture of attention and hostility. While they were not granted an audience with the president, they were given the opportunity to meet with members of Congress. However, their demands for government intervention to address unemployment were largely ignored, and some members of Coxey's Army were arrested for trespassing on the Capitol grounds.

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When members of Coxey's Army arrived in Washington, they were ignored and leaders, including Jacob Coxey, were arrested for trespassing.

Despite their peaceful march and the reason behind their protest, they were not received well. Upon their arrival, they were largely ignored, and the situation escalated when Jacob Coxey and other leaders were arrested for trespassing on the grass outside the U.S. Capitol.

Answer:

Positive Examples: Democracy and open deliberation of public issues. b) Math, algebra and geometry. c) Music and literature.

Negative: Gender structure and Slavery

Explanation: Ancient greeks are credited with the invention of democracy. This is a stretch, since our representative democracies has little to d with Athens' direct democray, where all male citizens were allowed an opinion in the matters of the city and where public deliberation was a key issue.

Maths and Geometry were an integral part of Greek society, they developed fundamental concepts of geometry like the Pitagorian Theorem. It is likely that they took some of those concepts from other civilizations, like ancient Egypt, but nonetheless, their contrubutions to the field were important.

With that eye geometry and math, one can consider their influence in creating the musical notes and scales that would go on to evolve in our modern western music. The styles of literature they created, are also the pillar of western Literature.

On the other hand, Ancient Greece was a patriarchal society and women had a very limited role. They were nor allowed to participate in the political life of the city. There were also slaves and many other dwellers that were considered as second class people in the city.

The correct answer is: "a curtailment of German immigration to Allied nations"

The Treaty of Versailles was signed in 1919 after WWI, by the victorious allied powers and Germany. Germany was considered guilty for all the losses beared due to the conflict and was oblied, through this treaty, to pay economic reparations to some of the victorious Entente powers.

Germany was also forced to delimitarize and to keep its armed forces and weapon production at a minimum, to guarantee that they were uncapable of undertaking an offensive action again. Moreover, Germany was forced to give France some territories that both nations had been disputing for decades.

These requirements severely damaged the German economy. Germany could not afford the huge reparations payments and printed money to be able to pay them, causing a big recession and an hyperinflation crisis. This emergency situation ended up giving popular support to right-wing extremist parties, such as the nazi party leaded by Hitler, who promised to restore German pride and to recover the stolen territories and wealth.

Answer:

i think it is a curtailment of German immigration to Allied nation.

Explanation:

The correct answer is C. William Jennings Bryan

Explanation:

Thomas Woodrow Wilson was a President in the U.S. from 1913 to 1921. During his office Wildon aimed at achieving worldwide peace especially by ending with the World War I through foreign policy besides continue with the expansion of economy in the U.S. For doing this, one of the steps Wilson took was putting William Jennings Bryan in the position of Secretary of state, because he was already someone that supported global peace and anti-imperialism as one of the ideas of Wilson was that the U.S. did not have to interfere in foreign issues except  for moral imperative. Indeed during Wilson's Presidency Willam Jenning Bryan and Wilson use foreign policy to improve the relationship with some nations, although the U.S. continued intervening in other countries. Considering this, the man Wilson put in the position of Secretary of State to pursue his goal of using American influence overseas only when it was a moral imperative was William Jennings Bryan.

President Woodrow Wilson appointed William Jennings Bryan as Secretary of State, who shared his vision of a moral foreign policy and worked to promote peace internationally, despite challenges faced during World War I.

In pursuit of a foreign policy guided by moral imperatives rather than imperialistic ambitions, President Woodrow Wilson appointed William Jennings Bryan as Secretary of State. Bryan, a staunch advocate for peace and diplomacy, worked to promote these ideals through international agreements aimed at avoiding war and settling disputes through dialogue. Despite a shared vision of moral leadership, Wilson's administration faced challenges in maintaining a purely moral stance, especially as World War I escalated and raised issues that tested the United States' commitment to neutrality.

The French colony of Louisiana emerged in the late 17th century as part of New France and eventually developed a unique culture influenced by various cultures. It gained prominence in the 19th century due to the cotton boom and its strategic position, and produced cotton, sugar cane, and soybeans. It is also known for its Mardi Gras festivals, rivaling the extravagance of Paris.

The French colony of Louisiana was established in the late 17th and early 18th centuries as part of New France. Its founding city, New Orleans, was established in 1718, near the Gulf of Mexico. The colony did not attract many colonists initially and it wasn't until the 19th century that it rose in prominence and importance due to the cotton boom, steam-powered river traffic, and its strategic position near the mouth of the Mississippi River.

The distinctive Cajun culture in Louisiana developed over time, influenced by various cultures, including French, Spanish, Native American, and African. While initially established largely for the fur trade, the economy expanded to timber and fisheries, and eventually to cotton, sugar cane, and soybean cultivation, though it was never used as a place to relocate criminals.

During the Mardi Gras festivals, New Orleans is often compared to Paris for its excesses and festivity atmosphere.

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Answer:

Criminal acts:

Those who have broken the law, but are not worthy of death, usually served prison time or menial labor until their sentence is served.

To pay off debts:

Those who have large amounts of debt but had no money to pay generally were able to pay off their debt through working for their debtor.

Prisoner of war:

Prisoners were a large source of potential slaves who can be used to help construct infrastructure within a nation. Examples can be found in Rome subduing many of the Barbaric tribes in the North.

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Answer:

After the death of Muhammad, Arab leaders were called caliphs.

Caliphs built and established Baghdad as the hub of the Abbasid Caliphate.

Baghdad was centrally located between Europe and Asia and was an important area for trade and exchanges of ideas.

Scholars living in Baghdad translated Greek texts and made scientific discoveries—which is why this era, from the seventh to thirteenth centuries CE, is named the Golden Age of Islam.

A love of knowledge was evident in Baghdad, established in 762 CE as the capital city of the Abbasid Caliphate in modern-day Iraq. Scholars, philosophers, doctors, and other thinkers all gathered in this center of trade and cultural development.. Academics—many of them fluent in Greek and Arabic—exchanged ideas and translated Greek texts into Arabic.

Chief Muslim leaders after Muhammad’s death were referred to as Caliphs.The era of the Abbasid Caliphs’ construction and rule of Baghdad is known as the Golden Age of Islam. It was an era when scholarship thrived.

Explanation:

The correct answers are A) One man was responsible for each empire’s religion; Constantine instituted Christianity, and Muhammad instituted Islam, C) Religion unified both empires; Christianity unified the Byzantine Empire, and Islam unified the Arab Empire, and D) Scriptures dictated moral behavior; the Bible dictated Byzantine moral behavior, and the Koran dictated Muslim moral behavior.

The Byzantine Empire was part of the Roman Empire and was divided in 395 AD and still followed the Christian principles established by Emperor Constantine in Rome. The capital city of the Byzantine Empire was Constantinople and the official language changed from Latin to Greek.

The Muslim nation was unified by Islam through the teachings of Prophet Mahoma and the Quran.

Answer:

The  correct answer to the question: Which of the following did the North not do to mobilize for war?, would be, B: Form a military alliance with Great Britain.

Explanation:

The initiation of conflict between the Union, with the states of the North, and the Confederacy, with its states of the South, around the 1860´s due to the topic of slavery vs. abolition of this institution, led to a lot of efforts on both sides. On the side of the North, there were several measures that were taken by the government in Washington to sustain the war efforts and speedily defeat the South. They used taxes, the establishment of war bonds, the famous greenbacks, passed a Homestead Act in 1862, and took many other steps to ensure success. However, the one thing they did not do, was request assistance from Great Britain or form a military alliance with Great Britain as now any dealings with that European country were strictly comercial in nature. This is why the answer would be B.

The Northern states, in their war mobilization during the Civil War, instituted a military draft, printed paper money, and passed the Homestead Act. However, they did not form a military alliance with Great Britain.

The North did several things to mobilize for war during the Civil War. They did institute a military draft, print paper money, and pass the Homestead Act. However, they did not form a military alliance with Great Britain. The North sought to maintain a position of neutrality with foreign nations and didn't enter any formal alliances during the war. Any attempts to solicit foreign aid were intended to be covert.

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Answer:

particular measurement

Explanation:

Client-initiated self-disclosure is used in this example.

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Unwarranted wiretapping in the United States has been conducted by both the FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation) and the NSA (National Security Agency).

These agencies have been involved in controversial surveillance activities, often without proper warrants or oversight, leading to concerns about civil liberties and privacy.

The CIA (Central Intelligence Agency) primarily deals with foreign intelligence and espionage and may not be directly responsible for domestic wiretapping in the United States, although it has been involved in intelligence gathering activities abroad.

The New York Times is a newspaper and media outlet and is not responsible for wiretapping.

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Answer:

The best answer from the choices given, to the question: Which of the following was not a key area of focus for the Progressives, would be: Land reform.

Explanation:

Progressivism was characterized for being a movement that appeared between the 1890´s and the 1920´s and it sought to fight off the negative effects of industrialization, urbanization, immigration and corruption. Their focus, more than anything, was to bring a much fairer system, to focus on those issues that socially were affecting Americans, more than anything else. As such, the one issue on which they did not focus, at all, was land reform. They were concerned with regulation of monopolies, justice, the establishment of a more direct democracy, and the institution of social justice, but not land reform.

The Progressives did not prioritize democracy; their key areas of focus were land reform, business regulation, and social justice.

Democracy was not a key area of focus for the Progressives.

The Progressives focused on land reform, business regulation, and social justice as key areas of their movement. They aimed to address issues like trusts and monopolies, consumer safety, labor abuses, and preservation of lands.

In their pursuit of social justice, they worked to help various marginalized groups and advocated for reform through grassroots efforts and legislative changes.

Final answer:

The primary goal of Britain's wars from 1688 to 1763 was to achieve greater power in Europe and the world, resulting in a dominant global presence and the consolidation of territories, particularly in North America.

Explanation:

The primary goal of Britain’s wars for empire from 1688 to 1763 was greater power in Europe and the world. During this period, commonly known as the age of British Imperial wars, Britain engaged in near-continuous conflict with France and Spain. These wars included disputes over North American territories that also involved forming alliances with Native American tribes. The ultimate aim was to eliminate European competition in the New World and to establish a dominant British presence on the global stage.

Specifically, the series of conflicts, such as King William's War, Queen Anne's War, and King George's War, each had its origins in European disputes but spilled over into the colonies. The decisive British victories, especially during the Seven Years' War, consolidated British power over their European rivals and led to significant territorial gains, including the control of large parts of North America.

Answer:

a

Explanation:

She admits that Chillingworth is her husband.

Answer:

A. She admits that Chillingworth is her husband.

Explanation:

In this chapter, Hester and Dimmesdale meet in the forest in order to be able to talk without anyone finding out. Once they have ensured their privacy, Hester confesses to Dimmesdale that Chillingworth is her husband. She also tells him that Chillingworth will most likely reveal their secret. After Dimmesdale recovers from the news, the two decide to escape the town and begin a new life together.

Answer:

D) Marshall Plan

The correct answer is B. A majority of slaves in the colonies won their freedom.

Explanation:

The Dunmore's Proclamation was a document signed in 1775 in the Colony of Virginia that aimed at encouraging the population, including slaves to support the Loyalist cause to avoid the independence of the colonies with the promise of providing former slaves freedom. Because of this, as a result of this document around 80,000 slaves escape and help the loyalist, while the Patriots and also slaves and non-slaveholding white population reacted by increasing their forces and creating mechanisms to stop slaves that could scape as they fear a rebellion. However, this document did not provide most of the slaves with freedom as most of the slaves that had escaped had to return with their masters and only around 300 were freed. Therefore, the one that was not a result of Dunmore's Proclamation is "a majority of slaves in the colonies won their freedom" because only a small percentage were freed while most slaves continue with their masters or returned after scaping.

Dunmore's Proclamation did not result in the majority of slaves winning their freedom, which is option B. Instead, it led to increased Patriot commitment to independence and fears of a slave rebellion, while only a small number of slaves joined the British forces.

The result of Dunmore's Proclamation that was not true is "B. A majority of enslaved people in the colonies won their freedom." While Lord Dunmore's Proclamation did lead to some slaves joining the British forces, it did not result in a majority of slaves in the colonies winning their freedom. In fact, only about 300 enslaved individuals were able to join Dunmore's forces. The proclamation did, however, intensify the commitment of Patriot forces to independence and raised fears among both slaveholding and non-slaveholding whites of a potential slave rebellion. Consequently, the proclamation had the unintended effect of solidifying support for the Patriot cause and emphasizing the contradictions inherent in a fight for liberty while maintaining the institution of slavery.

Answer:

failed to reach the promises and turned to be costly, failed to estabilize the region

Explanation:

Although the United States has military supremacy, the latest armed conflicts with the nations of Iraq and Afghanistan have led to most of its own citizens to question and turn against the American government.

The wars do not longer represent the interests of the people, neither they seek to guarantee the national interest. Rather, the wars have turned to be driven by geopolitical considerations like ensuring energy supplies in countries rich in oil. Justifications for invading or pursuing the speech of protecting human rights is no longer an argument in the international community. Therefore the image of the United States has been severely damaged and the wars have caused failed states that are unstabilizing the region. Many radical groups like ISIS have spread in the region for further breach and clash with the American decadent hegemony in the world.

Answer:

Common sense was an essay written by Thomas Paine. It was published for the first time on January 10, 1776, during the American Revolution.

The essay exercised a great influence on public opinion during the American War of Independence, presenting an argument against British rule at a time when the independence issue still caused suspicion and indecision in large part of the settlers. Paine wrote the pamphlet in a simple style so that people could understand it without difficulty, renouncing the philosophical language and Latin, widely used by the writers of the Enlightenment. Paine structured the work as if it were a sermon, relying on the Bible to convince the reader. He connected independence with the generalized Protestant faith and its dissident substrate to present it as an unmistakable American political identity. The historian Gordon S. Wood described Common Sense as "the most incendiary and popular pamphlet that was published during the revolutionary stage".

The essay asserted that the American colonies obtained no compensation from their metropolis, whose sole purpose was to exploit their wealth, and that any sensible analysis would conclude with the need to obtain independence from British rule and establish a republican government of their own.

In Common Sense, Thomas Paine advocated for independence from Britain, criticizing monarchy and promoting a republican government. His direct language and ideas resonated with ordinary American colonists, making the pamphlet highly popular and influential in mobilizing support for the cause of independence

Thomas Paine's Common Sense was an influential pamphlet during the American Revolution, advocating for independence from Britain. Paine's main arguments focused on criticizing monarchy, especially the British monarchy, and advocating for a republican form of government. He argued that the colonists deserved the same rights as Englishmen and that the continued British rule was oppressive.

Common Sense proved super popular because of its simple, direct language that appealed to ordinary people more than the learned elite. Paine's ideas were also radical for the time, which resonated with the colonists who were seeking a break from British rule. It was available in all thirteen colonies, helping to sway public opinion in favor of independence.

The pamphlet played a crucial role in mobilizing public sentiment to support the cause of independence. Its popularity largely stemmed from its relevance, timely release, and easy-to-understand arguments that powerfully resonated with the grievances of the American colonists against British rule.

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Answer: c. Quakers were willing to defy authority even at their own personal risk and expense.

Explanation:

Mary Dyer (1611–1660) was an American Puritan who became a Quaker and one of the Boston martyrs. Just like Marmaduke Stephenson, William Robinson and William Leddra of Barbados, also from the Society of Friends,   Mary was sentenced to death and hung for repeatedly resisting a Puritan order that forbade Quakers in the colony, following the authority of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.

Answer:

the combustion engine

Explanation:

The construction of canals, railroads, and roads were the most significant transformations of America in the early 1800. It caused the markets to expend, altered the landscape, and made it easier for people to move and travel for any reason. The combustion engine would only be invented a few decades later.