What three factors set convection currents in motion?

Continents and oceans are carried on tectonic plates - segments of the Earth's crust and upper mantle - which move due to heat convection in the mantle. This movement leads to the formation of subduction zones and other geological features and events. The process serves as a cooling system for Earth.

The Earth's crust and upper mantle, up to a depth of about 60 kilometers, are divided into massive segments called tectonic plates. These tectonic plates, carrying the continents and oceans, fit together like a jigsaw puzzle and move due to the slow convection of the mantle - the process of heat transport by the upward flow of warmer material and the downward flow of cooler material.

Plates move at an average speed of about 4 to 5 centimeters per year, similar to how your hair grows. When two plates converge, one often subsides beneath the other forming a subduction zone. This process is crucial in forming marvelous geographical features such as trenches, mountain ranges (like the Alps due to the collision between the African and Eurasian plates), and more.

Plate tectonics is indeed a significant mechanism for Earth's heat transportation - acting as a cooling system for the planet. All these motions lead to various geological events such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and continental drift.

https://brainly.com/question/3970445

#SPJ3

1. Increase the temperature  

2. Increase the pressure of an reacting gas  

3. Solid reactants are broken into smaller pieces

4. The concentration of a dissolved reactant is increased.

The correct answer to this open question is the following.

The term that defines the smallest piece of a crystal that shows the shape of that type of crystal is "unit cell."

In the atomic world, the smallest portion of a crystal lattice is a unite cell. A unit cell shows the 3D or three-dimensional pattern of the crystal. So this unite cell can repeat itself to form the crystal lattice. There are cubic cells, monoclinic cells, tetragonal cells, orthorhombic, cells, and rhombohedral cells.

Answer: Option (3) is the correct answer.

Explanation:

A reaction due to which there occurs change in chemical composition of reactants is known as a chemical reaction.

For example, evolution of heat when two substances combine together shows a chemical reaction has taken place between the substances.

Whereas a reaction which does not bring any changes in chemical composition of the reactants is known as a physical reaction.

For example, boiling point, melting point, mass, volume etc are all physical properties.

Thus, we can conclude that out of the given options a substance melts when sitting in the Sun, is not an indication of a chemical reaction.

Answer:

Explanation:

Answer: The correct answer is Option A.

Explanation:

For the given options:

Mixtures are defined as the solution win which components are mixed in indefinite proportions. Every substance retain their individual chemical properties.

Atoms are defined as the smallest unit which cannot be further divided.

An element is defined as the substance which is made of similar kind of atoms. All the atoms in an element have same atomic number.

According to the question:

A bowl has flour and sugar init. Both the compounds have their individual properties retained. Thus, they are forming a mixture.

Hence, the correct answer is Option A.

An atomic nucleus possesses nuclear, chemical, and electrical potential energy. Nuclear energy relates to changes within atomic nuclei, while chemical energy is stored in chemical bonds. Electrical energy corresponds to the position or separation of charged particles.

When we talk about an atomic nucleus, we typically refer to three forms of potential energy: nuclear potential energy, chemical potential energy, and electrical potential energy. Each type of energy relates to the position, configuration, or state of the object and can be seen in various systems.

Nuclear potential energy is the energy possessed due to changes within atomic nuclei, such as the fusion of two light nuclei or the fission of a heavy nucleus. Chemical potential energy is energy stored in chemical bonds, which hold the atoms together in a molecule or compound through electrical forces. Bond-forming always releases energy, and bond-breaking absorbs the same energy.

Lastly, electrical potential energy relates to the position or separation between charged particles. The attraction between oppositely charged particles, such as in the atomic nucleus, represents this form of potential energy.

https://brainly.com/question/12913134

#SPJ12

Answer: Option (b) is the correct answer.

Explanation:

When a teaspoon of salt is dissolved in water then it will completely dissociate into ions forming a homogeneous solution.

This is because particles of salt will evenly distribute into ions in the water.

This is a physical change as salt has dissociated into its ions and it has not chemically combined to the water molecules.

Hence, both salt and water will retain their chemical; properties.

Thus, we can conclude that in the given situation it’s a physical change because the water and the salt kept their original properties.

A ship rises higher in the water when it is unloaded due to a decrease in the density of the ship and its cargo. The unloaded ship has a lower mass relative to its volume, which means it displaces less water and thus floats higher, according to Archimedes' principle and the principle of flotation.

As a ship is unloaded, it rises higher in the water because the density of the ship and its cargo decreases. This change in density is related to Archimedes' principle, which states that the buoyant force on an object submerged in a fluid is equal to the weight of the fluid that the object displaces. When a ship is loaded with cargo, its overall density is higher, and it displaces more water, causing it to sink lower in the water. As cargo is removed, the ship's mass decreases while its volume remains constant, thus lowering the average density. Since the ship has a lower density, it displaces less water and therefore rises higher in the water.

The fraction submerged is the ratio of the volume submerged to the volume of the object. When the ship is unloaded, this ratio decreases, indicating less of the ship's volume is submerged. According to the principle of flotation, a floating object will displace a weight of fluid equal to its own weight. As the weight of the ship decreases when being unloaded, the volume of water it needs to displace to maintain this equilibrium also decreases, resulting in the ship rising.

The net force on an object can be zero even with multiple forces acting on it if the sum of all forces is zero and their vector components cancel each other out, indicating a state of equilibrium.

If there are many forces acting on an object, the net force can be zero if the vector sum of all these forces is equal to zero. This concept, described by Newton's first law of motion, means that the forces are balanced, and thus the object is in a state of equilibrium. When forces are balanced, their vector components cancel each other out in all directions, which is expressed as net Fx = 0 and net Fy = 0. For instance, when a car is moving at a constant velocity or is parked, frictional force balances out drag force or gravity, ensuring that no acceleration occurs, and hence the net force is zero.

Answer:

-change in size and shape of a substance

-change in phase of a substance

-change of appearance  

-expansion or contraction of a substance

sorry I'm late lol, hopes this helps someone:)

To obtain an accurate temperature measurement, Sachiko needs to allow her thermometer, initially at room temperature, to reach thermal equilibrium with the ice water. She should leave the thermometer in the water until the temperature reading stabilizes, indicating that equilibrium has been reached. The scale used for measuring temperature could be Fahrenheit, Celsius, or Kelvin.

The key to obtaining the most accurate temperature measurement when using a thermometer is to ensure that the thermometer reaches thermal equilibrium with the substance it is measuring, in this case, ice water. This means that Sachiko should leave the thermometer in the beaker of ice water long enough for it to adjust to the same temperature as the water. The concept of thermal equilibrium is based on the zeroth law of thermodynamics, which states that if two objects are in thermal equilibrium with a third object, they are in thermal equilibrium with each other.

Her thermometer is currently at room temperature, which means it's warmer than the ice water. She will need to wait until the thermometer cools down to the temperature of the ice water. The temperature reading on the thermometer should stabilize and stop changing when this equilibrium is reached.

The scale used to measure temperature typically used is Fahrenheit, Celsius or Kelvin, where the freezing point of water is at 0°C or 32°F. When measuring the temperature of ice water, it is expected that the temperature will be around these values depending on the specific scale being used.

https://brainly.com/question/22013778

#SPJ2

Igneous rocks that form on Earth's surface when lava cools are known as extrusive or volcanic igneous rocks. They are fine-grained, leading to a duller appearance due to their rapid cooling.

Igneous rocks that form when lava cools on Earth's surface are called extrusive igneous rocks. These rocks are also known as volcanic igneous rocks and are characterized by their fine-grained texture because they cool quickly, which doesn't allow for large crystals to form. The quick cooling on the Earth's surface leads to the fine-grained structure that causes these rocks to look dull and to sparkle less as compared to their intrusive counterparts. Basalt is one of the most common types of extrusive igneous rocks, often formed from basaltic lava in volcanic eruptions.

Final answer:

Extrusive igneous rocks, also known as volcanic igneous rocks, are formed when lava cools on Earth's surface. These rocks have small crystals and a dull appearance.

Explanation:

When lava cools on Earth's surface, it forms extrusive igneous rocks. These rocks are also known as volcanic igneous rocks. Extrusive igneous rocks cool quickly on the surface and have very small crystals, which give them a dull appearance.

the anwser tot his question is c

The fraction of CH₄ in the mixture is 0.362, or 36.2%.

To calculate the fraction of CH₄ in the mixture, we need to use the balanced chemical equation for the combustion of methane:

CH₄ + 2O₂ → CO₂ + 2H₂O

From the equation, we can see that 1 mole of CH₄ produces 1 mole of CO₂ and 2 moles of H₂O.

The molar mass of CH₄ is 16 g/mol, and the molar mass of CO₂ is 44 g/mol.

We can calculate the moles of CH₄ and CO₂ produced:

Moles of CH₄ = mass / molar mass = 13.43 g / 16 g/mol = 0.839 mol

Moles of CO₂ = mass / molar mass = 64.84 g / 44 g/mol = 1.474 mol

The fraction of CH₄ in the mixture is the ratio of moles of CH₄ to the total moles of products:

Fraction of CH₄ = Moles of CH₄ / Total moles of products = 0.839 mol / (1.474 mol + 0.839 mol) = 0.362

Therefore, the fraction of CH₄ in the mixture is 0.362, or 36.2%.

Final answer:

To calculate the fraction of CH4 in the mixture, you need to determine the number of moles of CH4 and C2H6 in the mixture. From the given mass, you can calculate the moles of CO2 and H2O produced using their molar masses (CO2: 44 g/mol, H2O: 18 g/mol). The excess mass of CO2 and H2O will correspond to the mass of C2H6, while the remaining mass will be CH4. Calculate the moles of CH4 and C2H6 and divide the moles of CH4 by the total moles to find the fraction of CH4 in the mixture.

Explanation:

To calculate the fraction of CH4 in the mixture, we need to determine the number of moles of CH4 and C2H6 in the mixture. From the given mass, we can calculate the moles of CO2 and H2O produced using their molar masses (CO2: 44 g/mol, H2O: 18 g/mol). The excess mass of CO2 and H2O will correspond to the mass of C2H6, while the remaining mass will be CH4. Calculate the moles of CH4 and C2H6 and divide the moles of CH4 by the total moles to find the fraction of CH4 in the mixture.

Let's calculate:

Mass of CO2 and H2O = 64.84 g

Molar mass of CO2 = 44 g/mol, Molar mass of H2O = 18 g/mol

Moles of CO2 and H2O = (64.84 g)/(44 g/mol + 18 g/mol) = 1.12 mol

Mass of C2H6 = 1.12 mol x (30 g/mol) = 33.6 g

Mass of CH4 = Total mass of mixture - Mass of C2H6 = 13.43 g - 33.6 g = -20.17 g (negative mass is not possible)

Since we can't have a negative mass of CH4, it means that the assumption that the mixture contains both CH4 and C2H6 is incorrect. There is an error in the given information or calculation.

Answer: Answer is the mantle. Because I did that on USA Test Prep.

Explanation:

Answer:

78 g of potassium

Explanation:

According to Lavoisier's Law, the sum of the mass of the products must be equal to the sum of the mass of the reactants.

On the reaction we have potassium oxide as product (K2O) and as reactants potassium (K) and Oxygen (O2)

Having sayin this, the reaction must be as follows:

K + O2 -> K2O

We need to balance the equation  to have the same amount of molecules of each element in each side:

4K + O2 -> 2K2O

Taking into account the  molar mass of each compound, the reaction can also be written:

4(39g/mol) + 1(32g/mol) -> 2(94g/mol)

solving the  multiplications we have that:

156g of K + 32g of O2 -> 188g of K2O

therefore, we need 78 g of K to obtain 94 g of K2O with 16g of O2

Ash can have a big impact on the energy cycle!

Lots of ash from a volcano will block the sun, meaning sunlight isn't able to get to the producers that create energy from it.

Consumers would begin to suffer as producers can make any energy for them to consume. This pattern goes all the way through the food chain. Each level is affected by lack of food because of the ash in the sky.

Hope this helps!

The freezing and melting temperatures of a substance are the same, and this equilibrium point differs from the boiling point, which is higher.

The correct statement among the ones provided is that the freezing and melting temperatures of a substance are the same. At the melting or freezing point, a substance is in equilibrium between the solid and liquid states. For example, for water, this equilibrium occurs at 0°C, where ice (h₂O (s)) and liquid water (h₂O (l)) coexist. The boiling temperature, however, refers to the point at which a substance rapidly converts from a liquid to a gas, and is different from the melting or freezing temperature.

For materials, the state (solid, liquid, or gas) they are in at any temperature can be predicted if we know their melting and boiling points. The existence of sharp melting and boiling points is a reflection of the different entropic and energetic states of solid, liquid, and vapor phases of a substance. Knowledge of phase changes is critical in understanding how heat transfer mechanisms work, influencing both industrial processes and everyday phenomenons.

The Answer to the Question:

The correct statement is B: the freezing and melting temperatures of a substance are the same.

https://brainly.com/question/40473731

#SPJ11

The freezing and melting temperatures of a substance are the same, exemplified by water, which melts and freezes at 0°C at standard atmospheric pressure.

The correct statement is that B. the freezing and melting temperatures of a substance are the same. Phase changes for a substance occur at fixed temperatures, known as the boiling point and the freezing point (or melting point). Specifically, the melting point of a solid is identical to the freezing point of the liquid; at this particular temperature, the solid and liquid states are in equilibrium. An example of this is water, which transitions between solid (ice) and liquid at the equilibrium temperature of 0°C under standard atmospheric pressure.

Metals are distinct from nonmetals in that they are excellent electrical conductors, malleable, and have a lustrous appearance, while nonmetals are usually poor conductors, brittle when solid, and dull.

List three properties of metals that nonmetals typically do not have:

Nonmetals contrast metals by typically being poor conductors of heat and electricity, lacking malleability, and having a dull appearance. Furthermore, they can exist in all three states of matter at room temperature, with each state displaying their unique set of properties.