In the absence of oxygen the net gain of atp for each glucose molecule during glycolysis is approximately __________.
In the absence of oxygen, each glucose molecule during glycolysis undergoes a net gain of two ATP. However, these ATP may be used for other processes such as the transport of NADH, therefore the actual ATP gain can sometimes be effectively zero.
Explanation:During glycolysis, glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate. This process generates four molecules of ATP, but consumes two ATP in the early stages, resulting in a net gain of two ATP for each glucose molecule. However, these ATP molecules may be used for other functions, such as transporting NADH from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria, making the net ATP gain zero under certain conditions.
Under anaerobic conditions, where oxygen is not present, the ATP production is limited to those generated by glycolysis. Hence, the net yield remains as two ATP molecules per glucose molecule.
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Describe how ecosystems recover from a disturbance
Answer:
Secondary succession in healthy ecosystems following natural disturbances often reproduces the original community, however ecosystems may not recover from human-caused disturbances. Ecological succession is a series of more-or-less predictable changes that occur in a community over time.
Explanation:
Hello There!
Ecosystems recover from a disturbance by ecological succession.
An "Ecological Succession" is a series of changes that occur in an ecosystem after a type of disturbance. This continues until the balance of the eco system is restored.
The somatic cell of a cat contains 38 chromosomes (2n = 38). how many chromosomes and how many dna molecules would the secondary spermatocyte of this cat have?
Answer:
19
Explanation:
The secondary spermatocyte is formed in the process of spermatogenesis that occurs in the testis of the cat. It begins with a germ cell/primary spermatocyte that is diploid, that undergoes meiosis I turning it into a haploid secondary spermatocyte. The secondary spermatocyte then undergoes meiosis II to turn it into spermatids.
approximately what portion of the foods that we eat have been genetically modified in some way?
A.fewer than 10%
B.about 50%
C.nearly 100%
Nearly 100% (option C) of the foods we eat have been genetically modified in some way. A significant percentage of crops like soy, corn, and cotton are genetically modified, and about 75% of processed foods contain GMO ingredients. The safety and environmental impact of GMOs remain controversial, and there is a lack of mandatory labeling in the U.S.
Approximately what portion of the foods that we eat have been genetically modified in some way? The answer is nearly 100% (option C). Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are incredibly common in the US food supply. For instance, a high percentage of crops such as soy (94%), corn (89%), and cotton (91%) have been genetically modified for certain traits like herbicide resistance.
Most processed foods contain ingredients derived from GM crops. For example, products like oil, high fructose corn syrup, and sugar often come from genetically modified crops. As a result, it has been estimated that roughly 75% of processed foods on supermarket shelves contain GMOs. This is a significant indicator of how prevalent GMOs are in our diet.
Despite their prevalence, the safety of GMOs for human consumption and their environmental impact are still under debate. In the United States, labeling of genetically engineered ingredients is not mandatory, making it difficult for consumers to know if their food contains GMOs, unless it is labeled as 'organic' or voluntarily indicated as GM-free by some companies.
FIFTY POINTS!!!
Blood glucose level is regulated by a feedback loop, shown in the diagram below. People with diabetes either cannot make insulin, or their bodies cannot use insulin properly.
What does the diagram suggest about the effectiveness of the feedback loop at regulating the blood glucose level of diabetics? (image below)
A. It is effective because it allows diabetics to produce insulin.
B. It is effective because it allows diabetics to break down glycogen into glucose.
C. It is ineffective because diabetics will not be able to increase their blood glucose level.
D. It is ineffective because diabetics will not be able to uptake glucose or convert it into lipids or glycogen.
Answer:
its D
Explanation:
A caldera forms when the bottom of the magma chamber that fueled the volcano falls further underground.
Question 1 options:
a) True
b) False
Answer:
True I think?
Explanation:
the formation of a caldera happens by collapse which means it is already at the bottom of the magma chamber.
Answer:
True
Explanation:
When the magma has erupted from a volcano in large amount, the strength of volcano to hold its own weight reduces and hence the volcano collapses into itself thereby forming a cladera . Formation of cladera is triggered when the magma chamber start emptying. With the removal of magma, the center of volcano lying with in the ring fracture collapses.
Hence, the given statement is true.
Which will cause allergies if you inhale them, eat them, or touch them?
antihistamines
bacteria
allergens
antibodies
The only thing here that is capable of causing allergies is an allergen. Hence the name, it stimulates an immune response to a harmless antigen.
An antihistamine is a substance the prevents the swelling of certain areas of the body due to an increase in histamine production in that area.
An antibody is a type of white blood cell that fights disease.
Bacteria are microscopic organisms that are capable of doing a variety of different things, none of which are pertinent to your question.
I hope I helped!
If you'd like me to elaborate on my response, then just leave a comment down below and I'll gladly do so. :)
(I'll also help you with other topics/questions, if needed).
Answer:
allergens
Explanation:
Mark is a 25 year old sedentary male who weighs 250 pounds and is 6'0'. His RDA for protein is 90 grams (based on 0.8g/kg). He wants to gain muscle so he starts to lift weights. Which protein intake listed below would meet his needs now that he is strength training? (Choose the BEST answer.)
Answer:
Im jacked and I eat 90G Protein daily but I only weigh like 135 so if mark weighs 250 id say around 160-170g Protein for our buddy
Explanation:
A biologist is constructing a cladogram to show the evolutionary relationships between the animals shown below. if anatomical features are used to construct the cladogram, which animal will be placed farthest from the animal shown?
Answer:
br4oooooooooooooooooooo its d
Explanation:
The part of the eye that closes and opens to let light in is the________ .
Hello There!
This is called the "IRIS"
The iris is the colored part of they eye and it's responsible for focusing light onto the cornea.
A muscle producing almost peak tension during rapid cycles of contraction and relaxation is said to be in
Answer:incomplete tetanus
Explanation:
I think this is the answer you are looking for if you are taking AP class.
Which two of the following characteristics must a hypothesis posses in order to be considered to be scientific? A. Capable of being false B. Familiar C. Testable D. Survivable
Answer:
A and C
Explanation:
A hypothesis can be true in some cases but is not a fact you know for certain. And to figure out if it is true, you must be able to test it.
Answer:
A.Capable of being false
C. Testable
Explanation:
Familiar - ??
Survivable - a hypothesis is a guess or conclusion, I'm sure every hypothesis is survivable...
Testable because to prove a hypothesis to be right, you obviously have to test it.
Capable of being false because a hypothesis is simply a guess or conclusion to a problem with limited information.
I hope this helps :)
The function of the excretory system is to control homeostasis and
Answer:
remove excess waste
Explanation:
The function of the excretory system is to control homeostasis and remove excess waste.
Hope this helps! Please mark brainliest!
which of the following is not a benefit of genetically modified foods?
A.pest-resistant crops
B.herbicide-resistant crops
C.plants that do not require water?
Plants that do not require water which is not a benefit of Genetically Modified Foods.
What is Genetically Modified Foods?Genetically modified foods are those foods which is derived from the organism whose DNA is modified which does not occur naturally. This type of food is also known as Genetically engineered foods or Bioengineered foods. In short form, it is also called as GM foods.
Some benefits of Genetically modified foods include:
It make more nutritious foodIt also make tastier foodThese are disease and drought-resistant plantsLess use of pesticides are requiredIt will increased supply of food with reduced cost and longer shelf lifeIt allow plants and animals to grow fasterGenetic engineering is a tool which can be used for a variety of purposes like for growing Pest-resistant crops, herbicide-resistant crops etc.
Thus, Plants that do not require water which is not a benefit of Genetically Modified Foods.
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What is the key to the recognition of codominance?
What discovery would weaken the primordial soup hypothesis of the origin of life?
Question 19 options:
Lightning was common on early Earth.
Earth’s early atmosphere contained carbon dioxide, water, and trace gases.
Earth’s early oceans were warm and shallow.
Asteroid impacts were uncommon when life is presumed to have begun.
Answer:
Asteroid impacts were uncommon when life is presumed to have begun.
Explanation:
The hypothesis about the origins of life on Earth are based upon the asteroid impacts. Basically, the hypothesis suggests that the asteroids brought the basic ingredients for the development of life on our planet. If a discovery is made though that in the period when life occurred the asteroid impacts were lacking, then this hypothesis will fall into water. This is because the hypothesis is directly dependent on the asteroid impacts, so if the case was that there weren't, or were very rare, the hypothesis will lose its basis.
Answer:
Asteroid impacts were uncommon when life is presumed to have begun.
Explanation:
For many years, there was extreme heat on our planet. The oceans were warm and shallow, Earth's primitive atmosphere containing carbon dioxide, water, and other gases that made the earth an inhospitable environment. In addition, lightning was common on early Earth.
The high temperature of the earth was due to the many volcanic activities, which caused the release of gases and lava. The atmosphere and the earth's surface were characterized by the absence of the ozone layer, the effects of ultraviolet rays and lightning strikes, and the bombardment of bodies from space, that is, asteroid impacts were common on primitive earth, including these impacts. responsible for the beginning of life. It is well known that most of the carbon and water molecules in existence today originated from asteroids that fell on Earth during this period.
Select the correct answer. Patients with severe, uncontrolled diabetes can eventually suffer kidney failure. Jack works in a laboratory that is attempting to grow healthy kidney cells from embryonic cells. From which part of an embryo would Jack derive cells that could eventually become kidney cells? A. Trophoblast B. Mesoderm C. Endoderm D. Ectoderm
Answer: B . Mesoderm
Explanation:
The intermediate mesoderm connects the paraxial mesoderm with the lateral plate, eventually it differentiates into urogenital structures consisting of the kidneys, gonads, their associated ducts, and the adrenal glands.
Answer:
B . Mesoderm
Explanation:
The germ layers begin to develop from the fourth to the seventh week, in this period one has an embryo. All cell types will derive from these layers called ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm.
Mesoderm which is the middle layer of the embryo forms the dermis, smooth and skeletal muscles, the circulatory system: heart, blood vessels, lymphatic tissue, connective tissue; the skeletal system: bones and cartilage; and the excretory and reproductive system: genitals, kidneys, urethra, bladder and gonads.
20. A comet's tail always points away from the Sun because
Dust; the solar wind pushes the particles away from the comet's head
Ion; the solar wind pulls the particles towards the comet's head
Dust; the solar wind pulls the particles towards the comet's head
Ion; the solar wind pushes the particles away from the comet's head
Answer:
Ion; the solar wind pushes the particles away from the comet's head
Explanation:
In the _______ cycle, a virus integrates its DNA into the host's DNA, and its DNA is replicated when the host DNA is replicated.
Answer: In the Lysogenic Cyclecycle, a virus integrates its DNA into the host's DNA...
Explanation:
Viruses are infectious agents of living cells, which cause diseases in animals and plants, and are capable of attacking other lower organisms, even bacteria. They differ from all other living things because they do not have a cellular structure, that is, they are not made up of cells. There are two main types of Bacteriophages viruses: those that make the lytic cycle and lysogenic cycle. When bacteriophages do not destroy their host cells, but, their nucleic acid is integrated into the genome of the host cell, and replicates in the host bacterial cell from one generation to the next without cell lysis. This is the lysogenic cycle.
Eons are the broadest category of geologic time, and we live in the Phanerozoic eon. The Phanerozoic eon is further divided into eras. What divides the three eras of the Phanerozoic eon?
A. The appearance of carbon on Earth and the appearance of atmospheric oxygen separate the three eras from each other.
B. The development of insects and the development of flying insects separate the three eras from each other.
C. The first life on Earth and the first multicellular life on Earth separate the three eras from each other.
D. Mass extinction events separate the three eras from each other.
Answer:
D. Mass extinction events separate the three eras from each other
Explanation:
The Phanerozoic represents an eon, and it is the most recent one. It is further divided into three eras, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic. The division between the tree eras is because of mass extinction events. The Paleozoic and Mesozoic era are divided by the Permian-Triassic mass extinctions. The Mesozoic and Cenozoic are divided by the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction. The Cenozoic era is still in existence, as there hasn't been a mass extinction of a magnitude big enough so far.
Answer:
mass extinction
Explanation:
How many bones are there in the human body?
Answer:
The human skeleton is the internal framework of the body. It is composed of around 270 bones at birth – this total decreases to around 206 bones by adulthood after some bones get fused together.
Explanation:
Answer:
206 bones
Explanation:
The human skeleton is the internal framework of the body. It is composed of around 270 bones at birth – this total decreases to around 206 bones by adulthood after some bones get fused together.
How can DNA be useful in phylogeny?
A. DNA sequences are rearranged to predict how species could evolve in the future.
B. DNA sequences from different species can be compared, giving us more information about their evolutionary relationships.
C. DNA from every organism in a clade is sequenced to identify genetic mutations that have occurred.
D. DNA isn't useful in phylogeny, as morphological characteristics are used exclusively in phylogeny.
Answer:
B
Explanation:
By comparing DNA it is possible to look at similarities and differences and allow for the classification of species.
Why are recessive alleles not removed from populations over time?
A.individuals can pass recessive alleles on to offspring
B.recessive alleles are removed with enough time
C.recessive alleles will always reappear after being removed
Recessive alleles are not removed from populations over time because they can be passed on by heterozygous individuals (option A), sometimes confer selective advantages, can reappear due to new mutations, and are influenced by genetic drift in small populations.
Recessive alleles are not removed from populations over time due to several factors. Firstly, if an allele does not affect an individual's fitness, it can persist in a population despite being recessive. Individuals who are heterozygous (carrying one dominant and one recessive allele) can pass on the recessive allele to their offspring, even if the allele is not expressed in their phenotype (option A).
Moreover, some recessive alleles may confer a selective advantage in the heterozygous state. A classic example is the sickle cell allele, which provides resistance to malaria in heterozygous individuals without causing sickle cell disease. This means that the allele can be maintained within populations where malaria is prevalent.
Additionally, new mutations can introduce recessive alleles back into the population, and mechanisms like genetic drift can change allele frequencies purely by chance, especially in small populations. Therefore, recessive alleles can remain in the gene pool and sometimes even increase in frequency due to various evolutionary pressures and circumstances.
What is the common name for danaus plexippus
Answer:
Monarch
Explanation:
Danaus plexippus is a type of butterfly that is very easily recognizable because of its size and color patters. The common name for this butterfly is monarch. The monarch is probably the most recognizable and most famous butterfly from North America. It tends to live in very large colonies consisting of millions of individuals. These butterflies are pollinators, so they can be seen the most in places where there's lot of plants that should be pollinated. The colors of the monarch make it very easy to spot and very beautiful, having a several different patterns of black, orange, and white color. It is also a migratory butterfly, being in the central and northern parts of the US and southern part of Canada in the summer, and then migrating south toward California, Florida, and Mexico for the colder months.
Incomplete metamorphosis is a change from ( pupa, larva, adult) to ( pupa, larva, adult) that takes place in a series of steps.
What would be the most effective oral agent to use for treating the condition depicted in this case?
Scientists believe that _______ of species that once existed on Earth are now extinct.
A. about three-quarters
B. nearly half
C. about 40%
D. over 99 percent
The correct answer is D. Over 99 percent
Explanation:
Life on Earth has existed for 4.28 billion ago and during this time billions of species have emerged including bacterias, fungi, plants, animals, etc. However, due to evolution, changes in the environment and massive extinction events most species that lived in other geological periods have completely disappeared or extinct. Indeed it is estimated by biologists and scientists that over 99% of the species that ever existed on Earth do not live today or are extinct this has been proposed based on the millions of fossils discovered that suggest multiple species that cannot be found nowadays and evidence that shows many more species are extinct and there is no or little evidence about them. Therefore over 99 percent of species that once existed on Earth are now extinct.
Which of the following is FALSE regarding the membrane potential?A) The resting membrane potential is maintained by solely by passive transport processes.B) In their resting state, all body cells exhibit a resting membrane potential.C) The resting membrane potential is determined mainly by the concentration gradients and differential permeability of the plasma membrane to K+ and Na+ions.D) The resting membrane potential occurs due to active transport of ions across the membrane due to the sodium-potassium pump.
The false statement regarding the membrane potential is that the resting membrane potential is maintained solely by passive transport processes. In reality, the resting membrane potential is maintained by a combination of passive transport and the active transport process carried out by the sodium-potassium pump.
Explanation:The statement which is FALSE regarding the membrane potential is: A) The resting membrane potential is maintained solely by passive transport processes. The resting membrane potential is not maintained solely by passive processes; it is a combination of passive and active transport processes. Passive transport involves the diffusion of potassium (K+) and sodium (Na+) ions through leakage channels due to concentration gradients. However, the sodium-potassium pump actively maintains the resting potential by using ATP to transport ions against their concentration gradients, specifically bringing two K+ ions into the cell and removing three Na+ ions out of the cell for each ATP molecule consumed.
"The correct answer is D) The resting membrane potential occurs due to active transport of ions across the membrane due to the sodium-potassium pump is FALSE regarding the membrane potential.
A) The resting membrane potential is maintained by solely by passive transport processes.
This statement is false. While the resting membrane potential is indeed maintained by passive transport processes, it is established by the active transport of ions by the sodium-potassium pump. The pump moves ions against their concentration gradients, which then sets up the conditions for the passive leak of ions that maintains the resting potential.
B) In their resting state, all body cells exhibit a resting membrane potential.
This statement is true. All body cells, when not actively sending signals, maintain a resting membrane potential. This potential is typically around -70 mV and is a characteristic of the cell's resting state.
C) The resting membrane potential is determined mainly by the concentration gradients and differential permeability of the plasma membrane to K+ and Na+ ions.
This statement is true. The resting membrane potential is a result of the unequal distribution of K+ and Na+ ions across the plasma membrane and the membrane's differing permeabilities to these ions. The inside of the cell is usually more permeable to K+ ions, which tend to move out of the cell, while Na+ ions are pumped out of the cell by the sodium-potassium pump.
D) The resting membrane potential occurs due to active transport of ions across the membrane due to the sodium-potassium pump.
This statement is false, which makes it the correct answer to the question. The resting membrane potential is not directly caused by active transport; rather, it is the result of the ion concentration gradients established by the sodium-potassium pump. The passive movement of ions down their concentration gradients through ion channels is what generates the resting membrane potential.
In summary, the sodium-potassium pump uses active transport to establish the concentration gradients of Na+ and K+ ions, but the resting membrane potential itself is a passive phenomenon resulting from the diffusion of these ions through ion channels."
Transcription occurs in the ____________ of a cell. It starts with (A) ______ _______________ racing along (B)_____ strands looking for _____________ factors that have bound to the (B) at the promoter (another word for the promoter is the (D)__________ box). The (A) attaches to the (B) at the (D) box, which is ____ (#) base pairs upstream from the start of the (E)__________. All (E) start with the sequence _______ in their ________ strand. The (A) pulls the two strands apart, counts to _______(#), and then uses the _________ strand as a template to make a _______-stranded copy of the _______ strand (this new strand is called (F)_______). The only difference between the (F) strand and the ________ strand of (B) is that the (F) replaces __________ with _________. The (F) is further processed by adding a 5’_________ (made of a __________ nucleotide hooked on backwards) and a 3’ ________ ____ tail (made of about 200 ____________ nucleotides) to protect the (F) from _____________. Once the (F) is processed, it moves into the _________________ where translation occurs.
Answer:
I want to die
Explanation:
What do we call an individual that has inherited two identical alleles for the same trait?
A.homozygous
B.heterozygous
C.monozzygous
Homozygous that has inherited two identical alleles for the same trait. thus option A is correct.
What is an allele?Any of two or more genes that can exist alternately at a specific place (locus) on a chromosome is referred to as an allele. Alleles can be found in pairs, or several alleles might influence the expression (phenotype) of a trait.
At a given gene locus, the occurrence of two identical alleles. Two normal alleles or two alleles with the same variation can make up a homozygous genotype.
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