Explanation:
RNA polymerase, a chemical in the cell, is answerable for making mRNA from the right quality. RNA polymerase is like DNA polymerase, yet it makes a RNA strand as opposed to a DNA strand. The promoter region of DNA Helix is attached by RNA polymerase. It pulls in nucleotides that supplement those on the DNA strand containing the gene of interest. RNA polymerase duplicates one strand of DNA to make a stretching bit of singlestranded mRNA. RNA polymerase makes the mRNA strand in what is known as the 5' to 3' course.What is a characteristic of all chordates at some point during their life cycle?
Answer:they possess notochord,dorsal tubular nerve cord , pharyngeal pouches
Explanation:chordates are animals which possess the notochord.examples are humans,birds,fishes etc
At a time in the life cycle,a chordates possesses a stiff,dorsal rod which is supporting in nature (the notochord).
They also possesses a tail that extends from behind the anus.
They possess a hollow nerve cord.
They possess gills slit.
These characteristics are present developing embryo and may disappear as the embryo matures.
In humans,the notochord is replaced by the spinal column of the vertebrate.
The boxer crab, Lybia tesselata, carries a small pair of anemones in its claws. When approached by a predator, it waves the anemones around, presenting the stinging tentacles and chasing away the predator. The anemones benefit by eating food particles from prey that the crab catches. What type of relationship is this?
This is a symbiotic relationship between the Boxer crab and sea anemone.
Explanation:The symbiosis is a type of relationship between two species which has benifit for both the participating organisms.
Here in case of boxer crab, the crab gets the help from the sea anemone in the form of protection. The sea anemone chases the predators and thereby saves the organism from being hunted.
On the other hand, the sea anemone gets food from the crab's prey which he hunts.
So there's a benifit for both.
The nitrogen base pictured is adenine. Is this nucleotide considered a purine or a pyrimidine? There is a molecule, a base of which is formed by 2 fused rings, each of which contains 2 nitrogen atoms in their structure. One ring is five-membered while the other is a six-membered ring. The nitrogen base pictured is adenine. Is this nucleotide considered a purine or a pyrimidine? a. purine b. pyrimidine
Answer: Purine
Explanation:
A purine is a nitrogenous base found in nucleic acids, and contains a 6-membered pyrimidine ring fused to the 5-membered imidazole ring. The most common examples of purine bases are adenine and guanine.
Thus, the nitrogen base pictured is adenine, and the nucleotide considered is a purine
Adenine is a nitrogen base that is classified as a. purine due to its double ring structure, setting it apart from pyrimidines which have a single ring.
The nitrogen base adenine is pictured as part of a nucleotide and is classified as a. purine. Purines are characterized by their double ring structure, consisting of a six-membered ring fused to a five-membered ring, both of which contain nitrogen atoms. In contrast to purines, pyrimidines have a single six-membered ring structure containing nitrogen atoms. The major purines in nucleic acids are adenine and guanine, while the major pyrimidines are cytosine, thymine (found only in DNA), and uracil (found only in RNA).
Bacteria and humans are similar in that they both? A)contain genetic material B)are single-celled C)lack cell organelles D)carry out autotrophic nutrition
Answer: A. Contain genetic material
Explanation: Bacteria and humans have something in common which is the genetic marterial called DNA.
For a Bacteria, the DNA is seen to float freely within the Cytoplasm because they do not have Nucleus. While for Humans, the DNA can be found in the Nucleus.
The DNA basic function is to store all of the genetic information that an organism needs to develop, function, and reproduce.
Bacteria is a single-celled organism, but humans are not.
Bacteria lacks cell organelles but humans do have a membrane-bound organelles.
There are some bacteria that carry out autotrophic nutrition, but humans strictly do carry out heterotrophic nutrition.
Final answer:
Bacteria and humans both contain genetic material in the form of DNA. Bacteria are prokaryotic and lack a nucleus, while human cells are eukaryotic and have various organelles.
Explanation:
The similarities between bacteria and humans pertain to their genetic material. Both bacteria and humans contain genetic material, specifically DNA, that they pass on to their progeny. Despite other differences, this genetic component is fundamental to all living organisms. It is notable that bacteria are prokaryotes, meaning they are single-celled organisms without a nucleus and lack membrane-bound organelles. In contrast, human cells are eukaryotic with various specialized organelles, including a nucleus. While bacteria and humans share the aspect of possessing genetic material, they differ significantly in cellular complexity.
Most of the lymph returns to the venous circulation by way of the
Answer:
the lymph vessels bring lymph fluid toward the heart and above it to the subclavian veins, which enable lymph fluid to re-enter the circulatory system through the vena cava.
Explanation:
What happens during the G1 phase of the cell cycle? Group of answer choices chromosomes are separated cell division is completed DNA replication occurs the cell grows and prepares for DNA replication
Answer:
The correct answer is: the cell grows and prepares for DNA replication.
Explanation:
The cell cycle is a series of steps that the cell goes under to grow and function and to prepare for reproduction.
The cell cycle can be divided into two main categories: interphase and mitosis (cell division). The interphase consists of 3 phases: G1, S and G2.
G1 is the phase where the cell grows and prepares for DNA replication: the organelles are copied.
S is the phase where DNA replication occurs, to provide a DNA copy to each of the daughter cells that will be resulting from mitosis.
In G2, the cell grows more and make more proteins; its organelles are rearranged in order to prepare for mitosis.
Mitosis is where the chromosomes are separated and given to the daughter cells, that will be identical to the parent cell.
During the G1 phase of the cell cycle, the cell grows, performs its regular metabolic activities, and gears up for DNA replication. Chemical messengers regulate this process closely to ensure precise and orderly progression to the next phase. Malfunction in these mechanism can lead to uncontrolled cell division, potentially causing diseases like cancer.
Explanation:The G1 phase, or first gap phase, is the initial stage of the cell cycle. During this phase, a cell grows, carries out normal metabolic functions and processes, and prepares for DNA replication. This phase essentially sets the stage for the DNA to replicate in the subsequent S phase (Synthesis phase). The cell actively accumulates the building blocks of chromosomal DNA and proteins, along with amassing sufficient energy reserves to facilitate the process of duplicating each chromosome.
Chemical messengers inside and outside the cell carefully regulate this part of the cell cycle, providing the necessary signals for progression from one phase to the next. Failure in these signals could potentially lead to uncontrolled cell division, a condition implicated in cancer. Thus, the G1 phase is a crucial part of the cell cycle, setting the groundwork for the stages that follow and ensuring that cell division happens accurately and orderly.
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Mike is a 58-year-old mechanic who has worked in the same garage for most of his adult life. Although he is still quite strong for his age and doesn’t have too many aches or pains yet, he has gained 30 pounds during the last few years, since his divorce. His ex-wife was a good cook who made dinner at home, but now that’s he’s single, Mike eats at the corner diner most nights and mainly snacks on potato chips. At 5 feet, 11 inches, Mike now weighs 250 pounds and has gone from a 34-inch to a 38-inch waist in less than two years. Mike has an appointment with his family doctor for the first time in four years and is worried about what he might be told, so he decided to find out what he can in advance.
1. Mike already knows that fats are important and necessary to absorb other nutrients, such as vitamins. What four vitamins are considered fat-soluble vitamins and need dietary fat to be absorbed? a. vitamins C, D, E, and K
b. vitamins B3, C, D, and E
c. vitamins A, D, E, and K
d. vitamins A, B1, B6, and E
e. vitamins B2, B12, D, and K
Explanation:
Fat-solvent vitamins are put away in the body's greasy tissue. The four fat-dissolvable vitamins are vitamins A, D, E, and K. These vitamins are ingested all the more effectively by the body within the sight of dietary fat. Vitamin A helps frame and keep up solid teeth, bones, delicate tissue, mucous films, and skin. Vitamin D is otherwise called the "daylight vitamin," since it is made by the body subsequent to being in the sun. Ten to 15 minutes of daylight 3 times each week is sufficient to deliver the body's prerequisite of vitamin D for a great many people all things considered scopes. Vitamin E is a cancer prevention agent otherwise called tocopherol. It enables the body to frame red platelets and use vitamin K. Vitamin K is required in light of the fact that without it, blood would not stay together (coagulate). A few investigations propose that it is significant for bone.Hence, the right answer is option c "vitamin A,D,E and K"The water carrier's principal competitor for the movement of grain, coal, and ores is which mode of transportation? a. pipelines b. Canadian and foreign owned water carriers c. railroads d. motor carriers
Answer:
c. railroads
Explanation:
A water carrier carries both people and goods using waterways or sea routes. One of the main competitor for the movement of grain, coal and ores that are bulk products are the railroads.The competitor exists because majority of the places where it is possible to reach by waterways are also accessible via railroads.For example, the grains can be moved from midwest to New Orleans by both means. Similarly, coal can also be transported by both ways, some of the states where coal is produced and transported by this route is West Virginia, Pennsylvania and Kentucky.Grapes grow well in areas where the climate is generally mild. Would you recommend planting grapes on the California coast or on the plains of North Dakota? Explain your answer.
Answer:
California coast is the correct answer.
Explanation:
Planting of grapes are recommended on California coast instead of plains of North Dakota because of the following reason:
Large water bodies on the California coast can moderate the local weather whereas plains are not able to stop the flow of wind that results in severe climate.The climate of California is warm and dry that is ideal for planting grapes.What role do primary somatosensory and primary motor areas of the cortex play in maintaining our perceptions of equilibrium and the execution of complex, coordinated movements?
Explanation:
Maintaining representation of body position and direction in space Posture is the arrangement of body parts in relationship to each other at some random minute. Stance includes complex associations between bones, joints, connective tissue, skeletal muscles, and the sensory system, both focal and fringe. The multifaceted nature of these collaborations is aggravated when one thinks about the close to a little assortment of human parity, engine control and development according to gravityBesides, with the progression of time, every creature experiences change coming about because of microtrauma, straight to the point wounds and the impacts of malady on the neuro musculo skeletal system which bring about the normal and one of a kind varieties of maturing stanceWhereas diffusion is more important for solute exchange between plasma and interstitial fluid, bulk flow is more important for regulation of the relative volumes of blood and interstitial fluid.1. True2. False
Answer:
The correct answer is - option 1. true.
Explanation:
Diffusion is the process where the solute moves from higher concentration area to the low concentration area. The major example of the diffusion is in the solute exchange between plasma and interstitial fluid. Blood plasma contains water, waste contents, ions, and various nutrients. It can be transported to the interstitial fluid from blood plasma in capillaries and back.
Bulk flow is the simple protein or any other large molecule transport or movement from the blood to interstitial fluid or interstitial to blood. this is essential for regulation of the relative volumes of blood and interstitial fluid.
Thus, the correct answer is - option 1.
Which group of macromolecules is used for storing genetic information?
Answer: Nucleus Acids
Explanation: Nucleic Acids hold and store DNA (think Nucleic/Nucleus)
Lymphatic vessels begin in peripheral tissues and ultimately drain into
Answer:
The right and left subclavian vein.
Explanation:
It is known that lymphatic vessels flushes the tissues, collecting waste products, bacteria, and damaged cells, and then drains as lymph into "left and right subclavian vein".
Lymphatic vessels begin in peripheral tissues and ultimately drain into the lymph nodes.
What are lymphatic vessels ?The lymphatic system is a network of vessels that transports lymph, a clear fluid that contains white blood cells. Lymphatic vessels are found throughout the body, and they transport lymph from the tissues back to the bloodstream.
Lymphatic vessels begin as lymph capillaries in the tissues. Lymph capillaries are very small, and they have very thin walls. This allows lymph to flow easily into the capillaries.
Once lymph enters the lymphatic capillaries, it flows through a network of larger lymphatic vessels. These vessels eventually drain into lymph nodes.
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What is found in many tetrapods but not in fish?
Answer:
A)Tetrapods were no longer tied to the water for reproduction. B) Tetrapods could now function with just lungs.
In an environment that is very stable, with reliable moisture and temperature, what type of reproduction would be most advantageous for a plant and why
Explanation:
Sexual propagation accommodates assortment and new mixes of qualities. Particularly if the earth is changing, this is a bit of leeway for the living being. Sexual multiplication implies that hereditary material from two guardians is joined with the goal that the posterity are typically not the same as either parent. Fragmentation is a type of asexual reproduction where a piece of the parent severs and forms into an altogether new yet hereditarily indistinguishable individual.Most life forms recover probably some harmed body parts, however this recovery isn't identified with fracture multiplication. This implies the parent plant will contend with an extraordinary number of posterity for similar supplements, daylight, and space.Compare the three metabolic pathways the body uses to generate ATP, including site of production, ATP yield, duration, oxygen or substrate requirement, and corresponding optimal form(s) of exercise.
Final answer:
The body uses three pathways to generate ATP: glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the citric acid cycle. Glycolysis is used during anaerobic exercise, while pyruvate oxidation and the citric acid cycle are used during aerobic exercise.
Explanation:
There are three metabolic pathways the body uses to generate ATP: glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the citric acid cycle.
Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm and generates a small amount of ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation. It does not require oxygen and can be used during anaerobic exercise.
Pyruvate oxidation occurs in the mitochondria and generates some ATP through substrate-level phosphorylation. It requires oxygen and is used during moderate exercise.
The citric acid cycle also occurs in the mitochondria and generates a small amount of ATP through substrate-level phosphorylation. It requires oxygen and is used during long-duration exercise.
The three metabolic pathways for ATP production are aerobic glycolysis, anaerobic glycolysis, and oxidative phosphorylation.
Aerobic glycolysis primarily occurs in the mitochondria and yields 36-38 ATP molecules per glucose molecule. It requires oxygen and substrates like glucose or fats, making it optimal for endurance exercises.
Anaerobic glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm, producing 2 ATP molecules per glucose without oxygen but with limited duration, suitable for high-intensity activities like sprinting.
Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the mitochondria, generating 30-32 ATP molecules per glucose using oxygen and substrates, making it ideal for sustained, moderate-intensity exercises like jogging or cycling.
Thrombin catalyzes the activation of these molecules present in plasma. 2. : Makes up most of plasma protein. 3. : The major contributor to plasma osmotic pressure. 4. : Forms the structural framework of a blood clot.
Answer:
1. when there is a cut, the surface area of the skin becomes rough which activates the Thrombin, that catalyzes the activation of fibrinogen present in plasma.
2. albumin contributes mostly of making plasma protein
3. albumin contributes the major portion to the osmotic pressure of plasma.
4. fibrinogen mainly forms the structural framework of a blood clot during blood coagulation.
1) Fibrinogen is the correct answer. 2) Albumin is the correct answer. 3) Albumin is the correct answer. 4) Fibrin is the correct answer.
1) Fibrinogen: Thrombin catalyzes the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin, which is a key step in the formation of blood clots.
2) Albumin: Albumin is the most abundant plasma protein, comprising approximately 60% of the total protein in plasma. It plays a crucial role in maintaining osmotic pressure and transporting various substances, such as hormones, fatty acids, and drugs.
3) Albumin (specifically) and other plasma proteins collectively contribute to plasma osmotic pressure, which helps regulate the distribution of fluids between the bloodstream and tissues.
4) Fibrin: Fibrin forms the structural framework of a blood clot. When thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin, the fibrin molecules polymerize and create a mesh-like network that traps blood cells and platelets, forming a stable clot.
Therefore,
1) Fibrinogen: Thrombin catalyzes the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin.
2) Albumin: Albumin is the most abundant plasma protein.
3) Albumin (specifically) and other plasma proteins collectively contribute to plasma osmotic pressure.
4) Fibrin: Fibrin forms the structural framework of a blood clot.
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Professor Assad suggested that a cautious attitude toward sexual encounters has proven to be more reproductively advantageous to women than to men because the birth process is more time-consuming for women than for men. This suggestion best illustrates the logic of a(n) ________ theory of sexual behavior.
Answer:
evolutionary theory of sexual behavior.
Explanation:
Expected prevalence of a disease is:______.
a) the expected occurrence of a disease based on past observations
b) the total number of cases of a disease over a period of time
c) the anticipated geographical spread of a disease based on past observances
d) the number of new cases of a disease over a period of time
Explanation:
The occurrence of new instances of ailment or injury in a populace over a predefined timeframe. Albeit a few disease transmission specialists use occurrence to mean the number of new cases in a network, others use frequency to mean the number of new cases per unit of population. The measure of a specific disease that is typically present in a network is alluded to as the pattern or endemic degree of the sickness. This level isn't really the ideal level, which may in truth be zero, but instead is the watched level. Without intercession and accepting that the level isn't sufficiently high to drain the pool of powerless people, the sickness may keep on happening at this level inconclusively. Along these lines, the gauge level is regularly viewed as the normal degree of the disease. While a few infections are so uncommon in a given populace that a solitary case warrants an epidemiologic examination (e.g., rabies, plague, polio), different sicknesses happen all the more usually with the goal that lone deviations from the standard warrant examination. Sporadic alludes to a sickness that happens rarely and irregularlyHence, the right answer is option a "the expected occurance of a disease based on past observations"
The primary role of the body's internal feedback loops is to????
A. Provide energy
B. Control development
C. Maintain homeostasis
D. Produce gametes
The primary role of the body's internal feedback loops is to maintain homeostasis.
The correct option is C
Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to regulate and maintain stable internal conditions despite changes in the external environment. It involves keeping various physiological variables within a narrow range to ensure optimal functioning of cells, tissues, and organs.
Internal feedback loops involve a continuous process of monitoring, detecting changes, and making adjustments to maintain internal balance. These feedback loops can involve various physiological systems, such as the nervous system, endocrine system, and immune system, working together to regulate temperature, pH levels, blood glucose, hormone levels, and other vital parameters.
Hence , C is the correct option
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To help Jacob overcome his smoking habit, a therapist puts him in a room with a carton of cigarettes laced with a chemical to induce nausea. He displays images of the dangers of smoking both on the walls and on a television set. This approach to treatment BEST illustrates:
Answer:
Conditioning by aversion
Explanation:
This is also called aversive conditioning. This type of conditioning tells the person or animal that the behaviour that they are exhibiting has no rewards and will also cause them pain. In this example every time Jacob takes a smoke he will get sick due to the additive. In the future he will associate the smoking with getting sick and will no longer want to participate in that behaviour.
Blood vessel walls contain elastin, a protein that allows the vessel to stretch under high pressure. Which type of blood vessel do you expect will have the highest concentration of elastin in its walls?
Awnser:
Arteries
Explanation:
Arteries have a higher amount of elastin than veins. Thus, veins have a higher ratio of collagen to elastin thsn do arteries
Summarize the importance of comparing wild type and mutant fruit flies in genetic research
Answer:
It is important because when you compare the two, it gives the opportunity to know the reasoning behind factors that cause certain traits. In addition, wild-type mutants are used as a control in genetic research experiments.
Explanation:
Wild type shows phenotype characteristic of all members in the population where mutant show variation among the same population.The importance of studying wild type and mutant individuals in genetics gives us a facility to study difference in phenotypic expressions and difference in genotypes in fruit flies. It also helps us to study the mutation or variation in individuals and the reasons behind them.
DNA damage can lead to mutations, which are permanent changes in the nucleotide sequence of a cell's DNA if they are not corrected. These mutations ____.
Answer:
can cause cancer.
Explanation:
The DNA damage is mostly repaired by the repair mechanisms present in cells. If DNA damage is not repaired, it can cause a random change in the genetic material of the organism. These changes in the DNA are permanent and are called mutations. Mutations may be adaptive or harmful. Mutations in a protooncogene leading to overproduction of protein to allow uncontrolled cell division can cause cancer. Similarly, a loss of function in tumor suppressor genes also causes cancer.
When molecules move down their concentration gradient, they move from where they are to where they are . Diffusion across a biological membrane is called .
Answer:
they move from where they are more to where they are less.
Diffusion across a biological membrane is called passive diffusion.
Explanation:
When any molecules move across the cell membrane down their concentration gradient so they move from the area where their concentration is more to the area where their concentration is less and this process is called diffusion.
Diffusion across a cell membrane or biological membrane is called passive transport because no energy is needed to transport the molecules across the membrane as diffusion occurs along the concentration gradient.
Molecules moving down their concentration gradient go from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration. This process is also known as passive transport when it occurs across a biological membrane.
Explanation:When molecules move down their concentration gradient, they move from an area of high concentration, where they are more plentiful, to an area of low concentration, where they are less plentiful. This natural process is driven by the principle that molecules always seek to even out concentrations and achieve equilibrium. The process of diffusion across a specific biological membrane is referred to as passive transport, and it does not require any additional energy because it happens organically when there is a concentration gradient.
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many densely-packed cells without an extracellular matrix. B. a supporting material such as chondroitin sulfate. C. an epithelial origin. D. relatively few cells and a large amount of extracellular matrix. E. the ability to transmit electrochemical impulses.
The complete question is :
Connective tissues have
a. manly densely-packed cells without an extracellular matrix
b. a supporting material such as chondroitin sulfate
c. an epithelial origin
d. relatively few cells and a large amount of extracellular matrix
e. the ability to transmit electrochemical impulses
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
The connective tissue has relatively few cells number of cells dissolved in the matrix or extracellular matrix.
Connective tissue are made of matrix which consists of living things and non livings as well. The ground substance is made up of protein and water.
The matrix of the cell gives it density and if the cells is more in number then the matrix is less and if the matrix is more then the cells are less in number.
The question refers to different types of tissues in biology: epithelial tissues (densely-packed cells, minimal extracellular matrix, epithelial origin), connective tissues (few cells, large amount of extracellular matrix, contains chondroitin sulfate), and neurons (ability to transmit electrochemical impulses).
Explanation:The question seems to refer to defining characteristics related to different types of tissues, particularly in the field of Biology. Options A and D might refer to epithelial and connective tissues, respectively. Epithelial tissues are composed of cells closely packed with minimal extracellular matrix, whereas connective tissues have relatively few cells surrounded by a generous amount of extracellular matrix. Option B could be describing components of connective tissue - chondroitin sulfate, a type of glycosaminoglycan found in cartilage. Option C, implying an epithelial origin, could refer to specialized cells like neurons, which have the ability to transmit electrochemical impulses (option E).
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he surface of the cells of some Pseudomonas species are covered in numerous threadlike structures. What is the likely reaction of such a Pseudomonas cell to the presence of a food particle?
Explanation:
Separation of P. aeruginosa from different pseudomonads or living beings, for example, Burkholderia species, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Achromobacter spp. Pseudomonas diseases are considered opportunistic infections. The microorganisms in the P. fluorescens species complex are Gram-negative, motile poles that are principally oxygen consuming, incapable to age glucose, and chemo organotrophic and develop at a pH somewhere in the range of 4 and 8 (62). Natural or chemical hazards from added substances got from the ice nucleation dynamic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae were characterised. syringae doesn't present any pathogenic ability to people and that the degree of its endotoxins found in counterfeit snow don't speak to a threat past that of introduction to Pseudomonas.In the production of ATP in photosynthesis, energy from electron flow is used to transport ________ from the ________ to the thylakoid compartment, generating a concentration gradient of ________.
Answer:
H+; stroma; H+Explanation:
ATP is produced in the process of photosynthesis occurs in plants and many other organisms. Electron are transported by electron transport chain and there is the generation of concentration gradient of H+.
This gradient causes the activation of ATPase pump which causes the production of ATP by using this gradient.
In the production of ATP in photosynthesis, energy from electron flow is used to transport H+ from the stroma to the thylakoid compartment, generating a concentration gradient of H+.
In photosynthesis, plants use carbon from __________ to make sugar and other organic molecules. ANSWER Unselected water Unselected chlorophyll Unselected the sun Unselected carbon dioxide Unselected soil
Answer: carbon dioxide
Explanation:
Green plants generate their food (usually sugar molecules such as glucose) from simple inorganic molecules like atmospheric carbon dioxide producing the carbon atoms, and water in the presence of sunlight trapped by chlorophyll present in the leaves while giving off oxygen as by-product.
6CO2 + 6H2O ---> C6H12O6 + 6O2
The equation provided above shows that carbon dioxide (CO2) provide the carbon skeleton of the glucose sugar (C6H12O6) produced during photosynthesis
The targets for anti-fungal drugs are much more limited than antibiotics or anti-viral medications. Why?
Answer:The reason for this is because fungi and their host are eukaryotic and in treatment of fungal infections drug used can also affect their host.
Explanation:
Antifungal drugs are drugs used in the treatment of fungal infections and so are antibiotics and antiviral drugs used to treat bacterial infections and viral infections respectively.
Fungi and their host are both eukaryotic and this make them closely related. They attack by colonizing and destroying the tissues of the animal host. When treating infections caused by fungi, the compounds used to kill fungi also harm the animal host because of the eukaryotic property they both possessed, this therefore set limitations to antifungal drugs. Unlike fungi, bacteria attack prokaryotic cell and also bacterial infections are systematic not superficial or topical like fungal infections.