Explanation:
There are some properties to demonstrate that this was a chemical change and not a physical change
Find the number of moles in each of the number of representative particles.
a. 1.20 x 102 atoms of P
b. 3.87 x 1021 molecules of AlF;
c. 4.81 x 1014 molecules of NH3
A mole is a measuring unit, but more precisely, it is a quantity. A mole quantifies the quantity of something, just as 12 of something signifies 12 of that item. Avogadro's number is the quantity that makes up 6.022 x 10²³ in a mole, which is the quantity in question.
a. 1.20 x 10²⁵ atoms of PA mole of phosphorus or any other chemical substance consists of 6.022 x 10²³ molecules. Therefore, to determine the amount of moles of phosphorous if you have 1.20x10²⁵ atoms, just divide by Avogadro's number.
(1.20x10²⁵ atoms)/(6.022 x 10²³ atoms/mol) = 19.969 mole.
b. 3.87 x 10²¹ molecules of AlF(3.87 x 10²¹)/(6.022 x 10²³ atoms/mol) = 6.43 X 10⁻³ mole
c. 4.81 x 10¹⁴ molecules of NH3(4.81 x 10¹⁴)/ (6.022 x 10²³ atoms/mol) = 7.98 X 10⁻¹⁰ mole
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an acid is added to water. explain what type of bonding may take place
Explanation:
All chemical substances has certain chemical nature that is whether it is :
Acidic Basic NeutralAcidic
It is a substance that in water produce hydrogen ions .
Like HCl ------> H⁺ + Cl⁻
When these kind of ions are released in water , they further combine with water to form hydronium ion that is :
HCl ------> H₃O⁺ + Cl⁻
(hydronium ion)
The bonding in them is a coordinate bond that is : A bond formed between a donor and a acceptor as in it there is no mutual sharing of electrons ,Therefore it is also called as dative bond . The structure of hydronium ion is attached below .
Bases
They are those when dissolved in water produce hydroxide ion .
That is : NaOH-------> Na ⁺ + OH⁻
Meiosis is significant to most living organisms because it:
A. keeps prokaryotic organisms separate from eukaryotic organisms.
O
B. allows sexual reproduction to maintain the diploid chromosome
number.
O
c. makes gametes with four times the haploid number of the
species.
D. causes the chromosome number of a species to change when it
needs to.
The significance of meiosis in living organisms is that it allows sexual reproduction to maintain the diploid chromosome number by producing haploid gametes, which upon fertilization, restore the diploid condition.
Meiosis is significant to most living organisms because it allows sexual reproduction to maintain the diploid chromosome number. In sexual reproduction, genetic material from two individuals is combined to produce genetically diverse offspring. The process of meiosis is a series of events that arrange and separate chromosomes into cells, thereby reducing the chromosome number by half to produce haploid gametes. Fertilization then involves the fusion of these haploid gametes from two individuals to restore the diploid condition in the new zygote, hence, maintaining the species' chromosome number through generations.
The correct answer to the student's question is B. allows sexual reproduction to maintain the diploid chromosome number. This answer is supported by the understanding that meiosis produces genetically unique reproductive cells, called gametes, which have half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. When two gametes fuse, they restore the original diploid state of the organism's chromosomes.
How many grams of aluminum can react with 336g oxygen? 4Al + 3O2 --> 2Al2O3
Answer: 714 g Al2O3
Explanation: Solution attached
First convert mass of O2 to moles
Do the mole ratio between O2 and Al2O3 from the balanced equation.
Convert moles of Al2O3 to mass using its molar mass.
In a chemical reaction, 378 grams of aluminum can react with 336 grams of oxygen to form aluminum oxide, calculated using stoichiometry based on the balanced chemical equation.
The calculation of how many grams of aluminum can react with 336g of oxygen involves using stoichiometry, a technique in chemistry to calculate amounts of reactants and products.
The balanced chemical equation given is 4Al + 3O2 ⇒2Al2O3. First, we need to find the number of moles of oxygen by dividing the given mass of oxygen by its molar mass (32 g/mol for O2, thus 16 g/mol for O). Next, using the mole ratio from the balanced equation, calculate the moles of aluminum required to react with the obtained moles of oxygen. Finally, convert the moles of aluminum to grams using the molar mass of aluminum (27 g/mol).
The process will involve these steps:
Find moles of O2: 336 g O2 × (1 mol O2 / 32 g O2) = 10.5 mol O2.Using the mole ratio (4 mol Al : 3 mol O2), calculate moles of Al: 10.5 mol O2 ×(4 mol Al / 3 mol O2) = 14 mol Al.Convert moles of Al to grams: 14 mol Al × (27 g Al / 1 mol Al) = 378 g Al.Therefore, 378 grams of aluminum can react with 336 grams of oxygen to form aluminum oxide.
Which product is the final outcome of a nuclear generating plant? uranium heat electricity steam
Answer:
electricity
Explanation:
i took the test and got the answer right.
There can be emissions of radiations like gamma radiation. There can be emission of particles too like alpha particle. Therefore, electricity is the final outcome of a nuclear generating plant.
What is nuclear decay?Nuclear decay is process in which the radioactive element releases particles or radiations. Alpha particles is ⁴₂He. Alpha particle is nothing but helium particle. the kinetics of decay of radioactive nuclear decay is of first order kinetics.
The rate law for first order kinetics is
K=(2.303/T)×log(a/a-x)
Where
k - rate constant
t - time passed by the sample
a - initial amount of the reactant
a-x - amount left after the decay process
Electricity is the final outcome of a nuclear generating plant. A nuclear power plant is a thermal power station in which we produce electricity using nuclear reactor.
Therefore, electricity is the final outcome of a nuclear generating plant.
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The individual dipole moments in ammonia (NH3) do not cancel each other
out. What is the strongest force that exists between molecules of ammonia?
Answer:
The strongest force that exists between molecules of Ammonia is Hydrogen Bonding.
Explanation:
Hydrogen Bond Interactions are those interactions which are formed between a partial positive hydrogen atom bonded directly to most electronegative atoms (i.e. F, O and N) of one molecule interacts with the partial negative most electronegative atom of another molecule.
Hence, in ammonia the nitrogen atom being more electronegative element than Hydrogen will be having partial negative charge and making the hydrogen atom partial positive. Therefore, the attraction between these partials charges will be the main force of interaction between ammonia molecules.
Other than Hydrogen bonding interactions ammonia will also experience dipole-dipole attraction and London dispersion forces.
The inventor of the Cherokee syllabary was
A)John Ross
b) Sequoyah
c) Tecumseh
Answer:
b) Sequoyah
Explanation:
The Cherokee syllabary is a syllabary invented by Sequoyah in the late 1810s and early 1820s to write the Cherokee language.
3. Which inclined plane has a greater mechanical advantage? Figure A or Figure B?
Figure A
Figure B
(
Figure A has a greater mechanical advantage
Figure B has a greater mechanical advantage
Figure A and B have the same mechanical advantage
none of the above
figure B has greater mechanical advantage
Explanation:
The mechanical advantage of a machine is the ratio between the output force and the input force.
For a ramp, the (ideal) mechanical advantage of a machine is also given by the formula
[tex]MA=\frac{L}{H}[/tex]
where
L is the lenght of the ramp
H is the height of the ramp
Therefore, in order to compare the mechanical advantage of these two ramps, we have to compare their ratio L/H.
By looking at the figure, we notice that:
- Figure A has greater height H and shorter length L
- Figure B has smaller height H and longer length L
This means that the ratio L/H is larger for figure B: therefore, figure B has greater mechanical advantage.
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Which of the following characteristics did john Dalton include in his description of the atom?
Can be more than one!
A. Atoms are smaller than quarks.
B. In any element all the atoms are the same.
C. Atoms exist only on Earth
D. All matter is made up of atoms.
E. Elements in a compound are always in a constant ratio.
John Dalton's atomic theory described atoms as identical within an element, claimed all matter is composed of atoms, and stated that elements combine in constant ratios in compounds.
Explanation:John Dalton included several characteristics in his description of the atom that were fundamental to the formation of atomic theory. According to Dalton, B. In any element all the atoms are the same is a characteristic of atoms. He argued that each element has atoms that are identical in mass and properties but different from atoms of other elements. Another characteristic he proposed was D. All matter is made up of atoms, asserting that these atoms were the smallest particles constituting matter. Lastly, Dalton included that E. Elements in a compound are always in a constant ratio, meaning that compounds are formed by combining different types of atoms in fixed, small, whole-number ratios. Dalton's atomic theory, although later refined and partially revised, laid the groundwork for modern chemistry by providing a conceptual framework for understanding the composition of matter.
What is the main element that stars are made of
HYDROGEN is the correct answer just test 2021
How many zinc atoms are there in 65.4 g?
molar mass of Zn is 65.38 g/mol≅65.4 g/mol
65.4 g Zn* 1 mol Zn/64.4g* (6.022*10^23) atoms/1 mol Zn
hence, there are 6.022*10^23 atoms
Which of the following is the si unit of acceleration
Answer:
C
Explanation: Acceleration is defined as the rate of change of velocity with time i.e acceleration = velocity/time.
but velocity is defined as distance moved in one second i.e velocity = distance / time.
distance is measured in meter (m) and time in second (s), then, acceleration = m/s/s. which is meter/second² i.e m/s²
The SI unit of acceleration is meters per second squared (m/s²). It represents the rate of change of velocity per unit of time.
Explanation:The SI unit of acceleration is metres per second squared (m/s²). It is a measure of how quickly an object changes its velocity. For instance, continue driving a car starting from rest, if your speed grows by 6 m/s every second, then your acceleration is 6 m/s². Here, 'metres per second' shows the velocity change and squaring it (second squared) shows the time duration over which this change occurs.
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amount in the lab to be 1.24g. However the accepted value is 1.30g. Calculate percent error.
Yo sup??
given value=1.24 g
expected value=1.30 g
Percentage Error=(expected value-given value/expected value)*100
=(0.06/1.3)*100
=4.62 %
Hope this helps.
Final answer:
The percent error for the chemistry experiment, given the theoretical yield (accepted value) of 1.30g and actual yield (amount in the lab) of 1.24g, is calculated to be 4.62%.
Explanation:
To calculate the percent error in this chemistry experiment, we can use the formula:
The % error of the yield = | [Theoretical Yield - Actual Yield] / Theoretical Yield x 100%|
In this case, the theoretical yield (accepted value) is 1.30g, and the actual yield (amount in the lab) is 1.24g. Applying the formula:
% error = |[1.30g - 1.24g] / 1.30g x 100% |
= |[0.06g] / 1.30g x 100% |
= | 0.046154 x 100% |
= 4.62%
Therefore, the percent error for this experiment is 4.62%.
A new technology company is marketing drones for residential use. The bar graph shows the relation between number of sales and three types of marketing strategies over the company’s first five months of operation. What are the two biggest advantages of using a bar graph to display this kind of data? The graph provides a comparison of the different marketing strategies. The graph helps in selecting the best marketing strategy to improve sales. The graph helps to predict future sales near the end of the calendar year. The graph indicates how many people see the posted advertisements. The graph gives information about the number of people who have received emails.
Answer:
1- The graph provides a comparison of the different marketing strategies
2- The graph helps in selecting the best marketing strategy to improve sales
Explanation:
Hope this help
plz mark brainliest
Have a nice day!!!
Answer: You need 2 answers:
The graph provides a comparison of the different marketing strategies.
The graph helps in selecting the best marketing strategy to improve sales.
Explanation: I just took the test and these are correct.
a sample of sucrose was burned in a calorimeter, and 41,600 joules oh heat energy were released. which statement is true about the water in the calorimeter?
A sample of sucrose was burned in a calorimeter, and 41,600 joules of heat energy were released. and 13,160 joules of heat energy were absorbed by the cold water.
What is sucrose?Sucrose is a disaccharide made of glucose and fructose. It's commonly known as “table sugar” but it can be found naturally in fruits, vegetables, and nuts.
It is known that when mixing hot water with cold water at equilibrium:
The amount of heat released from hot water = the amount of heat absorbed by cold water.
Two bodies of different temperature when come in contact with each other then heat is transferred from hot body to cold body until a thermal equilibrium is maintained between them.
Hence, when hot water has 13,160 joules of energy then this energy will be absorbed by a sample cold water. This means that hot water has released 13,160 joules of energy.
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Answer: It absorbed 41,600 joules.
Explanation: got it right on the test
2. Which of the following pairs of reactants will occur most quickly?
(1) sodium chloride and silver nitrate
(3) hydrogen and propene
(2) water and hydrogen chloride
(4) oxygen and methane (CHA)
Answer:
sodium chloride and silver nitrate
Explanation:Movable sodium chloride and silver nitrate 2 IN () solution
The pairs of reactants that will occur most quickly is ) oxygen and methane (CHA)
What occurs when oxygen and methane reacts?When the reaction of oxygen and methane occurs, methane and oxygen are said to undergo combustion and give off carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O).
This is known to be a combustion reaction as it creates a huge amount of heat, that tends to makes it a vital too for production of fuel source. Methane is a known to be a good and efficient greenhouse gas.
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How many moles of acetylene gas occupies a volume of 3.25 liters at STP?
Answer: 0.14 mole C2H2
Explanation: solution attached:
Derive n from PV= nR
n= PV/RT
= 1 atm ( 3.25 L) / (0.08205 L.atm/mol.K) ( 273 K)
= 0.14 mole C2H2
When a chemical reaction occurs,
the physical and chemical properties of the reactants are the same as the properties of the products
the compounds can be separated by physical means
O a phase change takes place
the physical and chemical properties of the products are different from the reactants
Explanation:
Chemical reaction '
It is a reaction in which two or more substances react to form some new substance .
The substances that react are called "reactants " and the new ones that are formed are called "products ".
A + B ---> C + D
(reactants ) (products )
In a chemical reaction :
Reactants undergoes a chemical change .The products cant be separated by physical method .For every chemical reaction there is some identification property .During chemical reaction , energy changes occur .During chemical reaction :It is seen that physical and chemical properties of the products are different from the reactantsDetermine the empirical formula for c6n4o10
Explanation:
We are given with compound C₆N₄O₁₀: mass percentage of all is :
For C = 12 x 6 /288=0.25%
For N= 14 x 4 /288=0.19%
For 0= 16 x 10/288=0.5%
The elements present are :
Atomic mass moles Simplest ratio rounding off
C 12 0.25/12=0.020 0.02/0.02=1 2
N 14 0.9/14=0.06 0.06/0.02=3 6
O 16 0.5/16=0.03 0.03/0.02=1.5 3
The empirical formula derived is : C₂n₆O₃
This is our main source of heat
Answer:
The sun is our main source of heat and light energy. A source is where something comes from. The heat we feel and the light we see here on Earth is mainly from our nearest star, the sun.
Explanation:
The following properties are either physical or chemical. Which one is different from the rest based on those two categories?
Boiling point
Flammability
Magnetism
Thermal conductivity
The property that is different from the rest based on the categories of physical and chemical properties is Boiling point.
Boiling point is a physical property because it is associated with the phase change of a substance from liquid to gas and does not involve a change in the chemical composition of the substance. It is a characteristic of a substance that can be measured at a specific pressure and is used to identify substances.
Flammability is a chemical property because it involves a chemical reaction, specifically combustion, where the substance reacts with oxygen to produce heat and light. This reaction results in the formation of new substances with different chemical compositions.
Magnetism is considered a physical property as it pertains to the behavior of a substance in the presence of a magnetic field. It does not involve a change in the chemical composition of the material.
Thermal conductivity is also a physical property. It measures the ability of a material to conduct heat and is a characteristic that can be measured without changing the chemical identity of the substance.
In summary, boiling point, magnetism, and thermal conductivity are physical properties, while flammability is a chemical property. Boiling point is the one that is different from the rest in terms of the physical and chemical property categories
Which of the following is an inference?
a.
The flower is pink.
b.
Vinegar has a pungent aroma.
c.
A dog barks.
d.
A cup with steam coming from it will be hot to the touch.
Please select the best answer from the choices provided
A
B
C
D
Answer:
the answer is d
Explanation:
but wusup shawty
Final answer:
Among the provided options, 'A cup with steam coming from it will be hot to the touch' is an example of an inference because it is a conclusion based on the observation of steam, indicating the cup's contents are hot.
Explanation:
The question asks for the identification of an inference among four options. An inference is a conclusion reached based on evidence and reasoning rather than from explicit statements. Option d, 'A cup with steam coming from it will be hot to the touch', is an inference because it is a conclusion that one arrives at after observing steam, which suggests that the liquid inside the cup is likely hot.
Inference Examples
I didn't realize that they are husband and wife - an inference about their relationship.Who stole my durian smoothie? - an inference that someone took it without permission.In the context of a joke, the question 'How many months have 28 days?' with the answer 'All of them' involves linguistic or logical inference as it plays on the expectation that people will think of February alone.
If the pressure of a fixed mass of gas is doubled at a constant temperature, the
volume of the gas will be:
1/4 as much.
O twice as much
half as much
the same.
Answer: half as much .hope this helped
Explanation:
!!HELP ASAP!! How does temperature affect the rate of a reaction?
A. Increasing the temperature lowers the activation energy of the
reaction.
B. Increasing the temperature increases the concentration of the
reactants.
C. Increasing the temperature decreases the potential energy of the
reactants.
D. Increasing the temperature gives the molecules more kinetic
energy
Answer:
D. Increasing the temperature gives the molecules more kinetic energy.
Increasing the temperature gives the molecules more kinetic energy. Hence, option D is correct.
What is the rate of a reaction?The rate of a reaction is the speed at which a chemical reaction takes place.
Temperature is also known as the average kinetic energy of molecules.
Some atoms used to have sufficient kinetic energy to react, while others do not.
Increasing the temperature indicates that more numbers of molecules will have sufficient kinetic energy to react and reactions will take place more frequently.
Hence, increasing temperature increases the reaction rate.
Thus, option D is correct.
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Which would be the biggest long-term benefit of building a city recycling center? A. building the new recycling building
B. supplying citizens with new collection bins
C. reducing the amount of garbage
D. operating new trucks for pickup service
C. reducing the amount of garbage
Explanation:Building a city recycling center has several potential benefits, but the biggest long-term benefit would be reducing the amount of garbage. By decreasing the need to haul trash to landfills, the city can lower disposal costs, reduce environmental impact, and conserve natural resources. Additionally, it can encourage more sustainable practices among businesses and residents, further reducing waste production and improving overall environmental health.
What is the mass of a cylinder of lead that is 1.80 in in diameter, and 4.12 in long. The density of lead is 11.4 g/mL.
Answer:
124.26g
Explanation:
Diameter = 1.80 , length (h) = 4.12 , density = 11.4
Density = mass / volume
Volume = area x height
Area = #d2 ➗ 4
Where #(pi) = 3.142
Area = 3.142 x 1.80 square ➗ 4
Area = 10.2/4 = 2.6
Volume = area x height
Volume = 2.6 x 4.2=10.9
Density = mass / vol
Mass = density x vol
Mass = 11.4 x 10.9
Mass 124.26g
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* Need ASAP * Explain the relationship between percent composition, Empirical formula, and molecular formula.
By dividing the percentage composition with the molar mass of that element we will get the empirical formula. Then using that empirical formula and formula mass we can find the molecular formula.
Explanation:
The chemical properties of any substance are defined obviously by the different types and relative amounts of atoms constituting its primary entities (in case of covalent compounds the primary entities are molecules and ions in the event of ionic compounds).
A percent composition of any compound gives the mass percent of each element present in the compound; in addition to that frequently it is determined experimentally and utilized to derive an empirical formula of any compound. An empirical formula mass of any covalent compound could be comparable with the molar or molecular mass of a compound to acquire a molecular formula.
Calcium Oxide will react with ammonium chloride to produce ammonia gas, water vapor, and calcium chloride. If only 16.3 g of ammonia is produced from 112 g of calcium oxide and 224 g of ammonium chloride, what is the percent yield?
Answer:
%age Yield = 22.72 %
Explanation:
The balance chemical equation is as follow;
2 NH₄Cl + CaO → 2 NH₃ + CaCl₂ + H₂O
Step 1: Calculate Moles of CaO, NH₄Cl and NH₃;
CaO:
Moles = Mass / M.Mass
Moles = 112 g / 56.07 g/mol
Moles = 1.99 moles of CaO
NH₄Cl:
Moles = Mass / M.Mass
Moles = 224 g / 53.49 g/mol
Moles = 4.18 moles of NH₄Cl
NH₃:
Moles = Mass / M.Mass
Moles = 16.3 g / 17.03 g/mol
Moles = 0.95 moles of NH₃
Step 2: Calculate Limiting reagent as:
According to equation.
2 moles of NH₄Cl reacts with = 1 mole of CaO
So,
4.18 moles of NH₄Cl will react with = X moles of CaO
Solving for X,
X = 4.18 mol × 1 mol / 2 mol
X = 2.09 mol of CaO
This means that none of the given reagent is limiting reagent. They both are almost equal in number of moles.
Step 3: Calculate Theoretical Yield of NH₃ as;
According to equation.
2 moles of NH₄Cl produced = 2 moles of NH₃
So,
4.18 moles of NH₄Cl will produce = X moles of NH₃
Solving for X,
X = 4.18 mol × 2 mol / 2 mol
X = 4.18 mol of NH₃
Step 4: Calculate Percentage Yield as;
%age Yield = Actual Yield / Theoretical Yield × 100
%age Yield = 0.95 mol / 4.18 × 100
%age Yield = 22.72 %
The percent yield of a reaction is calculated by dividing the actual yield by the theoretical yield and multiplying by 100. In this case, it would involve using stoichiometry to calculate the theoretical yield of NH3 from 112 g of CaO, then dividing the actual yield of 16.3 g by the theoretical yield and multiplying by 100.
Explanation:The percent yield of a reaction is calculated by taking the actual yield (the amount actually produced by the reaction) and dividing it by the theoretical yield (the amount that could have been produced under perfect conditions), then multiplying by 100 to get a percentage. In this case, we don't have the theoretical yield, but we know that 16.3 g of ammonia gas was produced from 112 g of Calcium Oxide and 224 g of ammonium chloride.
The reaction between Calcium Oxide and ammonium chloride is: CaO + 2NH4Cl -> 2NH3 + H2O + CaCl2
First, use stoichiometry to calculate the theoretical yield of NH3 from 112 g of CaO. Then, divide the actual yield by the theoretical yield, and multiply by 100 to get the percent yield.
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A sample of a gas is placed inside a cylinder that is a led size. The cylinder is heated as additional gas
is added to it. What will most likely happen to the pressure of the gas inside the cylinder?
It will decrease.
It will increase.
It will not change.
Final answer:
When a gas in a fixed-volume cylinder is heated and additional gas is added, the pressure of the gas will most likely increase due to more frequent and forceful collisions of gas molecules with the container's walls.
Explanation:
The question is about what will happen to the pressure of the gas inside a cylinder when it is heated and additional gas is added. According to the principles of gas laws, specifically the combined gas law, which is related to pressure (P), volume (V), and temperature (T) of a gas, the pressure of the gas will increase if the temperature of the gas increases while the volume remains constant.
When the number of gas molecules is increased in a fixed volume, there is less space for the molecules to move, which means they will collide with the walls of the container more frequently, leading to an increase in pressure. Additionally, heating the gas will increase the kinetic energy of the molecules, resulting in more forceful collisions and therefore an increase in pressure.
AgNO3 + Cu=_Cu(NO3)2 + Ag
need help balancing this equation
Answer:
2AgNO3 + Cu = Cu(NO3)2 + 2Ag
Explanation:
This is a simple substitution reaction.
For the equation to be balanced, the total number of elements on each side of the equation must be equal.
The right hand side contains 2 nitrogen and 6 oxygen, to balance this on the left add 2 to the back of silver nitrate. Thus silver on the right hand side of the equation must be 2.
Thus the equation is balanced.
Final answer:
To balance the chemical equation for the reaction between copper and silver nitrate, ensure you have an equal number of atoms for each element on both sides of the equation, resulting in 2 AgNO3 (aq) + Cu (s) → Cu(NO3)2 (aq) + 2 Ag (s).
Explanation:
To balance the chemical equation Cu (s) + AgNO3(aq) → Cu(NO3)2 (aq) + Ag (s), follow these steps:
Identify the reactants and products to understand what symbols go on each side of the arrow and where the + signs go.
Write the correct formulas for all compounds and elements, ensuring all ionic compounds are charge balanced.
Balance the equation by ensuring the same number of atoms of each element appears on both sides of the reaction.
Here is the balanced chemical equation:
2 AgNO3 (aq) + Cu (s) → Cu(NO3)2 (aq) + 2 Ag (s)
This reaction is an example of a single replacement reaction where silver (Ag) is displaced by copper (Cu). The copper starts as a solid and is oxidized to copper (II) nitrate, while silver nitrate is reduced to solid silver. Remember that the charge conservation is important, and therefore the number of electrons and the total charge must remain equal on both sides of the equation.