Answer:
Is still often vague and subjective
Explanation:
The “Four D's” represent deviance, dysfunction, distress, and danger and can very much help practitioners in determining DSM IV-TR disorder based on observed symptoms and reported traits and conditions. DSM-IV codes are found in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, Text Revision, also known as DSM-IV-TR, published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) that covers all currently known mental disorders.
However the “Four D's” still remains unclear, somewhat ambiguous and subjective.
Final answer:
Option C is correct because defining abnormal behavior using "the four Ds" is often vague and subjective, reflecting the nuanced and complex nature of diagnosing mental disorders with tools like the DSM.
Explanation:
When using "the four Ds" to define abnormal behavior, which include Dysfunction, Distress, Deviance, and Danger, one major critique is that the criteria can often be vague and subjective (option C). While the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) provides a systematic approach to diagnosing mental disorders, it is not without its controversies. Critics have pointed out that with each revision of the DSM, more behaviors are categorized as disorders (even "academic problems" now), suggesting an over-pathologization of human behaviors. Furthermore, it tends to have a Western focus in its diagnoses, potentially overlooking cultural differences in behavior and interpretation.
Moreover, there is no definitive criterion that separates disordered from non-disordered behavior, which can lead to diagnostic ambiguity. For example, the DSM approach allowed the bereavement exclusion to be removed from the criteria of major depressive disorder in the DSM-5, potentially leading to diagnosing normal grief as a mental illness. Choices A, B, and D are less accurate reflections of the complexities involved in diagnosing mental disorders because they either assume the criteria perfectly exclude non-disordered individuals or create entirely clear-cut diagnoses, which is not the case given the nuanced nature of human psychology.
The DSM remains a necessary tool as most insurance companies in the U.S. require a DSM diagnosis for therapy coverage. It is a comprehensive tool that provides a common language for professionals to discuss disorders, but it is also a point of contention regarding its broad and potentially subjective criteria.
Senior citizens in the United States today areA) less likely than Canadian seniors to be poverty stricken.B) more likely than any other group to be among the "near poor."C) more likely to be homeless than in the past.D) less likely to be healthy and independent than in the past.
Answer: B. More likely than any other group to be among the "near poor."
Explanation:
Senior citizens in the US are more likely than any group to be among "near poor", mostly from 65years of age.
To help clinicians become more familiar with and apply research findings, there is a growing movement in the United States, the United Kingdom, and other parts of the world called _____ treatment.
Answer:
The correct answer to the following question will be "Empirically supported".
Explanation:
Empirically supported therapies, anything other than that recognized as proof-based therapies or real proof-based practices, are therapies that may have research-based scientific and medical proof that they will be working.ESTs are therapeutic approaches backed by objective scientific investigation, and the empirically validated concepts of improvement (ESP) apply to the fundamental causal processes of therapy or methods related directly to those frameworks.Therefore, it's the right answer.
For Rousseau, ___________ was the source of inequity in society and the corruptor of the social contract:
Answer: Private property.
Explanation:
Rousseau considers that the emergence of private property is a significant cause of inequality in society. Rousseau is very critical of this phenomenon and considers it a source of his evil. Rousseau is an opponent of all forms of government that imply any inequality.
Rousseau distinguishes between natural disparities in which he enumerates different physical, age and intellectual capacities than human-made artificial ones.
In the fictional country of Unozarica, all the airlines, buses and trains are owned by businesses not the government, but the government has oversight on them, especially for safety reasons. No one is guaranteed a job, but citizens are guaranteed income in their old age. This is an example of __________.
Answer: Mixed market economy
Explanation: Mixed market economy as the name implies combines both element of the free market or market system with that of the command system in investment, production, distribution and control of economic resources. Mixed market economy combines a blend of both private and public enterprise. In a mixed market economy means of production, companies and services are predominantly offered and owned by private enterprise. However, the government issues regulatory and fiscal policies in other to mitigate the control of these private owners in other to avoid wide income margin between the masses and other issues arising from capitalist market.
Answer:
Mixed market economy
Explanation:
A mixed economy is an economy organized with some free market elements Mixed economies typically maintain private ownership and control of most of the means of production, but often under government regulation. Like in Unozarica all businesses are owned by private corporations but regulated by the government. Mixed economies socialize select industries that are deemed essential or that produce public goods.All known historical and modern economies are examples of mixed economies.
Which of the following is true of culture in a global economy? a.Group processes are independent of cultural background. b.Leadership roles remain the same across cultures. c.Communication is uniform across cultures. d.Motivational processes vary across cultures.
The correct answer is letter D
Explanation: Motivational processes vary across cultures.
Final answer:
d) Motivational processes indeed vary across cultures, and effective leadership requires sensitivity to these differences to navigate the nuances of a global economy.
Explanation:
The correct answer is d. Motivational processes vary across cultures. In a global economy, leadership and group interaction are significantly influenced by cultural differences. Factors such as individualism versus collectivism, communication styles, and leadership roles often differ from one culture to another. While a leader may be effective in their home country, they must adapt their strategies to succeed in different cultural contexts. The assumption that motivational and leadership practices are universal is flawed, as there are deeply ingrained cultural variations that affect group dynamics and the effectiveness of leadership practices. Research suggests the importance of understanding these cultural nuances to achieve international business success.
Researchers believe that experiencing strong negative emotions such as fear or anxiety will increase people's need to affiliate. To test this idea, the researchers randomly assigned participants to one of two small groups. Members of Group 1 were left for 10 minutes in a room with no windows. While waiting, the lights went out for a brief period of time and the participants could hear screams from another room. Members of Group 2 were likewise left for 10 minutes in a room with no windows, but the lights were left on and no screams were heard. Researchers observed how frequently members of each group started conversations with other members of their group on non-experiment related topics. Researchers assigned participants to one of the two groups randomly because ________.
Random assignment ensures that any changes in the dependent variable are caused only by changed in the independent variable.
Researchers used random assignment to control variables and increase the validity of their experiment testing the impact of negative emotions on the need to affiliate. This ensures any differences in behavior are due to the experimental conditions. The study investigates how fear and anxiety can increase the desire for social interaction to cope with stress.
Researchers randomly assigned participants to one of two groups to control for other variables that might influence the outcome of the experiment. This method ensures that any differences in behavior between Group 1 and Group 2 are more likely to be attributed to the experimental conditions (exposure to darkness and screams) rather than other factors, which increases the validity of the experiment. Random assignment is essential in psychological research because it helps to eliminate potential bias and ensures that each participant has an equal chance of being placed in either group.
Affiliation needs may be heightened in stressful situations as a coping mechanism. In Group 1, where conditions were designed to evoke fear and anxiety, the researchers were testing if these emotions would lead to an increased need for social affiliation as evidenced by initiating conversation. Indeed, prior investigations have linked a lack of perceived social belonging, or ostracism, to negative mental health outcomes. By monitoring the naturalistic behavior of the participants, the researchers can gather empirical evidence on the role of negative emotions in the desire for social affiliation.
Building four new manufacturing plants in Europe is an example of a(n) ______. A. threat B. strategy C. weakness D. opportunity E. strength
The correct answer is letter B
Final answer:
Building four new manufacturing plants in Europe represents a strategy, which is a plan of action aimed at achieving long-term objectives such as market expansion or increased production.
Explanation:
Building four new manufacturing plants in Europe is an example of a strategy. A strategy is a plan of action designed to achieve a long-term or overall aim. In the context of business, building new facilities can be a strategic move to expand operations, gain access to new markets, or increase production capacities. Choosing to expand manufacturing capabilities is a strategic decision that reflects a company's objectives and its plan to grow.
With regard to morality, Nasrin believes that the focus should be on abstract principles rather than on relationships and concern for others. Therefore, she has a(n) _______ perspective on morality.a. prosocial
b. care
c. justice
d. unconventional
Answer: D. Unconventional
Explanation: Morality is the acknowledgment of the distinction between great and detestable or between good and bad with regards for obedience to the guidelines of right conduct; the characteristics of carrying on in a way proposed to create ethically great results.
Nasrin has an unconventional view of morality in that regard.
You have a dream in which you wake up to find that people around you are using words that make no sense. What's more, your friends don't seem to understand you when you speak. At one point in your dream, your mom tells you that you almost forgot your tree limb today. When you give her a puzzled look, she holds up your lunchbox and repeats, "You know, your tree limb." Your predicament in your dream is most like which of the following disorders?
Answer: Wernicke's aphasia
Explanation:
Wernicke's aphasia occurs when the left middle side of the brain becomes damaged.
The predicament described in the dream is most similar to a language disorder called aphasia, where a person has difficulty speaking and understanding words. In the dream, the substitution of words by your mom could be an example of semantic paraphasia, which is a type of aphasia. Aphasia can occur due to brain injuries and can vary in severity.
Explanation:The predicament described in the dream, where people around you are using words that make no sense and your friends don't understand you, is most similar to a disorder called aphasia. Aphasia is a language disorder that affects a person's ability to speak, understand, read, or write.
In the dream, when your mom refers to your lunchbox as a 'tree limb,' it could be seen as an example of semantic paraphasia, a type of aphasia where a person substitutes words with related or similar-sounding words that do not make sense in context.
Aphasia can be caused by brain injuries, such as a stroke or traumatic brain injury, and can have different types and severities depending on the area of the brain affected.
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How many hands of 5-draw poker contain the ace of hearts? What is the probability that a 5-card draw hand contains the ace of hearts?
Answer:
Probability that a 5-card draw hand contains the ace of hearts = 0.0962
Explanation:
A deck of Cards = 52random card = 5To find the number of 5 -stud poker hands there?a) The selection of 5cards from a deck of 52cards = The knowledge of combination comes in
= nCr = n!/(n-r)!r!
= 52C5 = 52!/(52-5)!5!
= 2598960, hence there are 2598960 ways of selecting 5cards from a deck of 52cards
b) There are 1 ace of heart in a deck of cards, therefore, the number of ways of choosing 1 ace of heart and 4 other cards = nCr
= 1C1 X 51C4
= 1 X 51!/(51-4)!4!
= 249900
c) To find the probability that the 5 cards drawn contain an ace of hearts
= P( 5 cards drawn contain an ace of hearts) = number of favorable outcomes/ total number of outcomes
= 249900/ 2598960
= 0.0962
There are 249,900 distinct 5-card hands that contain the ace of hearts from a 52-card deck. The probability that any given 5-card hand contains the ace of hearts is approximately 0.096.
Explanation:In a deck of 52 cards, there are four different suits: hearts, diamonds, clubs, and spades. Furthermore, there are 13 cards of each suit making a total of 52 cards (13 cards in a suit times 4 suits equals 52 cards in total). When you're dealing a hand in poker, you're dealing 5 cards. We want to know how many of those hands contain the ace of hearts.
To answer this, we use the concept of combinatorics. First, we can consider that one of the cards has already been decided (ace of hearts). So, we are left with 51 cards to choose 4 from. The number of combinations of selecting 4 cards from 51 cards (denoted by C(51,4)) can be calculated as:
51! / [(51-4)! * 4!] = 249,900 combinations.
To calculate the probability that a 5-card draw hand contains the ace of hearts, we need to know the total possible 5-card hands. This is given by C(52,5) = 2,598,960 combinations. Hence, the probability is given by the number of favorable outcomes (hands with the ace of hearts) divided by the total number of outcomes (total hands). So, the probability is 249,900 / 2,598,960 = approximately 0.096.
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__________ refers to the general occurrence of an event, usually expressed in terms of percentage of some population.
The correct answer is Prevalence
Explanation: Prevalence studies are the most widespread descriptive population studies published in epidemiology.
why didn't england make stronger attempts to colonize the new workd before th elate sixteenth to early seventeenth century?
Answer:
England did not make stronger attempts to colonize the new world before the late sixteenth to the early seventeenth century because English attention was turned to internal struggles and the encroaching Catholic menace to Scotland and Ireland.
Explanation:
The rapidly disseminating ideals of Protestantism and the degradation of Catholicism that was happening during the late sixteenth and the early twentieth century in England was of greater concern to the royal family and the Church than any other external issues. The step taken by Mary II and her husband, the Scottish prince William of Orange, of taking over the throne and giving more powers to the parliament was also one move of concern."A person suffered second-degree and third-degree burns to the anterior trunk and the right arm. Using the Rule of Nines, what" is the percentage of the skin's surface affected by burns?
Answer: The Rule of Nines estimation of body surface area burned is based on assigning percentages to different body areas.
Explanation: The entire head is estimated as 9% (4.5% for anterior and posterior). The entire trunk is estimated at 36% and can be further broken down into 18% for anterior components and 18% for the back. The anterior aspect of the trunk can further be divided into chest (9%) and abdomen (9%). The upper extremities total 18% and thus 9% for each upper extremity. Each upper extremity can further be divided into anterior (4.5%) and posterior (4.5%). The lower extremities are estimated at 36%, 18% for each lower extremity. Again this can be further divided into 9% for the anterior and 9% for the posterior aspect. The groin is estimated at 1%
Assume that the Vermont legislature passed a bill prohibiting the sale of detergents containing certain chemicals harmful to the environment within the state. Further, assume that the governor signed the bill into law. This law has the status of ___________.a. Uniform code
b. Ordinance
c. Executive agency regulation
d. Statute
Answer:
Option D
Explanation:
A statute law is written law passed by a body of legislature. This is as opposed to oral or customary law; or regulatory law promulgated by the executive or common law of the judiciary. Statutes may originate with national, state legislatures or local municipalities.
In New York, how must all medical expense health insurance sold to individuals or small groups be rated?
Answer:
Community Rated
Explanation:
The concept of community rating is generally associated with the health insurance policies which requires a health insurance provider to sell the insurance policies to all the people in a territory at same price without any medical underwriting, without considering their health status.
In the context, In New York, all the health insurances which is sold to people must be rated as community ratings.
Every morning, Peter goes to one of the nearby convenience stores and buys a carton of Levin's chocolate milk for breakfast. When the store is out of Levin's, Peter goes without milk rather than buying other popular brands of chocolate milk. Therefore, Peter has a high
Answer:
is c
Explanation:
In a data dictionary, _____ refers to whether the data element contains numeric, alphabetic, or character values.
Answer:
Type
Explanation:
Type refers to whether the data element contains numeric, alphabetic, or character values.
Answer: Type
Explanation: A data dictionary holds the data or information stored in a database. It holds the definition of all database objects like tables, triggers, clusters, views and so on.
Since a data dictionary contains so much information about a database, The type of data stored in a data dictionary is called the data type, which shows the specific format of the stored information. Common data types are numeric, alphabetical or character values. The data type must be defined when variables used to hold information is written in a program. The data type determines how the information is processed and the type of function which can be applied on the declared variable.
"An I/O psychologist has been asked by a major electronics firm to examine the happiness and well being of employees. She then examines employee attitudes, behavior, and job stress as well as supervisory practices. She is acting as a(n)___________.
Answer: Organizational psychologist
Explanation: Organizational psychology is one of the two sub-disciplines of industrial/organizational psychology. Organizational psychology applies psychological principles in handling and improving the emotional and motivational wellness of workers or staffs within an organization. Organizational psychology deals with teamwork, leadership tolerance within staffs, employee attitude, job stress, behavior, job satisfaction, motivation and commitment.
Some people are naturally more expressive (and therefore talented pantomimes and charades) while others are naturally less expressive (and therefore better poker players). In one study, inexpressive people were asked to act as expressive people. When feigning (faking) expressiveness, these people were _______ expressive than naturally expressive people.
The correct answer is less
Explanation:
"Son of Heaven" refers to the near godlike status that ________.a. the Jesuit Matteo Ricci reached in China. b. explanation for the incredible appeal of Christianity in Japan. c. Chinese emperor's role in maintaining order on the earth. d. belief that the Japanese emperors were direct descendents of the sun goddess Amaterasu. e. syncretic Christian-Buddhist religion.
Answer:
C - The Chinese emperor's role in maintaining order on the earth.
Explanation:
As the option suggests, the title "Son of Heaven" referred to the Chinese emperor's role in maintaining order on the Earth. It was an imperial, sacred title of the Emperor, said to have been originated in the Zhou dynasty, given that the emperor rules the land, which is all under heaven. In many Asian cultures, such as the Chinese and the Japanese, the emperor (still to this day in Japan, for example) is believed to be a demigod, an individual sent by the gods.
- How did artistic and intellectual movements both reflect and challenge the emerging corporate order?
The artistic and intellectual movements played the role of mediator between the different classes that were existent in society. The communication, though mostly non-verbal, between the lower and the higher classes, became easy because of these movements. The professions of artists and intellectuals made them produce work that enumerated the living conditions of people belonging to different classes of society.
According to Federalist 10, increasing the population and the size of the country will:_______.
a. not affect the problems of factions.
b. increase the need for purely democratic governance.
c. decrease the effects of factions.
d. generate greater corruption in government.
Answer:
Option C, decrease the effects of factions.Explanation:
The Federalist 10 which was written by James Madison in 1787 is an essay that supported the republican form of government and opposed the direct form of democracy.
In this essay, James explains the threats which may arise in a direct democratic government. Threats like factional control and suppression may arise in a direct democracy because he believes that the largest faction or group will always control the smaller ones.
He did a thorough study in this essay about how majority rights and minority rights overlaps with one another. He argued that increase in population will create new factions and groups ,which in return will reduce the effects of bigger factions as they would be forced to compromise with new factions gradually.
"I have to worry about the future. It's always been a good strategy. If I worry, I'm able to avoid problems and negative consequences. It's kind of like trouble-shooting." A statement of this sort would most likely come from someone who has __________.
Answer:
C). Generalized anxiety disorder.
Explanation:
'Generalized anxiety disorder' is demonstrated as the mental disorder in which the sufferer excessively and persistently worries for even the simplest of the things. Such a disorder leads an individual to a state of depression or suffers a cardiovascular attack due to immoderate worry or tension.
As per the question, the given statement reflects that the person most likely suffers 'generalized anxiety disorder' as the 'excessive worries or unnecessary trouble about future, avoiding problems or negative consequences' validates the claim. Such a person can have several health-problems like insomnia, chronic headaches, heart-related problems, etc. due to excessive pressure on the mental and emotional aspects of their body. Therefore, option C is the correct answer.
In the United States, nonunilineal descent and neolocality is generally practiced. Group of answer choices True False
In the United States, nonunilineal descent and neolocality is generally practiced - True.
Explanation:
The descent systems can be classified into two categories like Cognatic and Corporate. Non-unilateral descent is the other name given for Cognatic descent system.This can be further classifies into ambilineal and bilateral. When, two persons after their wedding starts their new life in a new home, it is called as neolocality.
When a culture has warfare not commonly and the political group fights for their people, the cogantic descent arises.In this system the children will get relatives from their mom and dad. This type of neolocality and unilateral descent system is practiced.
A person's ______________ is learned and is socially reinforced by others as well as by one's life experience and genetics.
Answer:
Gender
Explanation:
In sociology, the term gender refers to the roles and behaviors that a culture associates with an individual's sex (sex is biological) and therefore, these expectations create differences between what is considered right for males or females.
Our gender (as opposed to our sex) is not biological and therefore is learned (by other people's expectations and norms) and it's reinforced by them but it also has an individual side to it where our experiences and our genetics influence in the gender we adopt.
Therefore, a person's gender is learned and is socially reinforced by others as well as by one's life experience and genetics.
Researchers randomly assigned participants to listen to audio and video messages that contained subliminal messages, such as "I am thin," and "Cigarette smoke tastes bad." The researchers wanted to determine if there was a long-term impact of listening to the subliminal messages. What can be expected from the results of this study?
Those who smoke and were exposed to the "Cigarette smoke tastes bad" subliminal message will stop smoking without much effort T/F
Answer:True, Those who smoke and were exposed to the "Cigarette smoke tastes bad" subliminal message will stop smoking without much effort.
Explanation:The definition of subliminal message is a message that will have effect because it is constantly repeated. This means a person will remember the message even without consciously trying to recall it. This message will keep playing in one's head that cigarette smoke tastes bad and it will remain in their mind that without being aware they may start to detest smoking.
False. It is not accurate to expect that smokers exposed to the "Cigarette smoke tastes bad" subliminal message will stop smoking without much effort. Subliminal advertising generally has a negligible impact on consumer choice and behavior change, including smoking cessation.
Research surrounding subliminal messages and their effectiveness is complex and often inconclusive. A seminal work by Trappey in 1996 through a meta-analysis of 23 studies concluded that the influence of subliminal advertising on consumer behavior is negligible. This indicates that while subliminal messages can be noticed at an unconscious level, they do not strongly impact a person’s decision-making processes, particularly for behaviors as complex and multifaceted as smoking. Other research, such as that by Karremans, Stroebe, and Claus (2006), has demonstrated that subliminal stimuli can influence certain judgments or immediate intentions, but primarily under specific conditions such as when participants are already predisposed to a certain behavior or need – for example, choosing a beverage when already thirsty. Moreover, significant behavioral changes, like quitting smoking, involve a combination of motivation, intention, and action that is unlikely to be affected substantially by subliminal cues alone. Smoking cessation usually requires a conscientious effort and possibly additional interventions such as health warnings, which according to the research by Erceg-Hurn and Steed (2011), can influence smokers through mechanisms like psychological reactance.
Which research method runs the GREATEST RISK of collecting evidence that may be unrepresentative of what is generally true?
Answer:
The Case Study.
Explanation:
The case study is demonstrated as the research method or strategy that involves a proximate and in-depth interrogation of a person, group, process or event in its real-life surroundings.
As per the question, the 'case studies' possess the highest risk of gathering evidence that could be divergent or peculiar such a research deeply evaluates and analyzes the subject or person in its real-life surroundings and gathering evidence is quite difficult as it mostly includes finding archival records or artifacts, personal observations, etc. that may present a false or non-justifiable information that could influence the efficacy of the claim. Thus, 'case study' is the answer.
The survey method is most at risk of collecting unrepresentative evidence due to limitations such as self-reporting, shallow data depth, potential for sampling errors, selection bias, and response bias.
Explanation:The research method that runs the greatest risk of collecting evidence that may be unrepresentative of what is generally true is the survey method, due to several inherent weaknesses.
Firstly, self-reporting can lead to inaccuracies as it relies heavily on the honesty and memories of respondents, which might foster bias or misrepresentation. Secondly, while the method is cost-effective and time-savvy, the depth of data collected is typically shallow compared to that gathered from more rigorous methods like case studies.
Other limitations include the risk of sampling errors and selection bias that occur due to the unrepresentativeness of the sample, as well as response bias, in which the way a question is asked or the environment in which it is asked in can influence the participant's response.
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With reference to product development, a _____ is defined as a set of systems and interfaces that form a common structure. product portfolio product platform product module product pool
Answer: Product pool
Explanation:
According to the given question, the product tool is basically defined as the set of the various types of interfaces and the system that formed the common structure in the product development system.
It is basically forming the various types of characteristics that helps us providing the new products with some unique characteristics and the benefits.
The product development basically modifying the product into the new one by replacing with some existing products and the services in an organization.
Therefore, Product pool is the correct answer.
A product platform is a set of systems and interfaces that form a common structure in product development. It serves as a foundation for developing multiple products or variations. It allows for efficient sharing of resources and technologies, resulting in cost savings and faster time-to-market.
Explanation:In the context of product development, a product platform is defined as a set of systems and interfaces that form a common structure. It serves as a foundation or framework for developing multiple products or variations of a product. A product platform allows for efficient sharing of resources, components, and technologies, resulting in cost savings and faster time-to-market for new products.
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One of the assumptions that researchers have suggested about cognition is that mental processes operate in a simultaneous manner instead of a step-by-step fashion. This assumption is referred to as ___.
Answer: Parallel processing
Explanation: Parallel processing is the brain's ability to process or do many things (perform alot of task) at the same time. A typical example is when you see a person, first you see the color of the skin, the height, shape of the body or face (eyes, nose, ear mouth, jawlines); you brain process this information at the same time and it instantly recognizes the person to be either a family member, a friend, a total stranger etc.
Dan was recently laid off. His bills are now piling up, he hasn't found a new job yet, and his wife is pregnant. Which phase of the general adaptation syndrome is he MOST likely experiencing?
The correct answer is Resistance
Explanation: