The study of the stomach and intestines and their diseases is called:

Answer:

A. volcanic eruptions  

D. the clustering of continents near the poles  

E. increased dust particles in Earth's atmosphere  

Explanation:

Ice age is the name given to the period where thick layers of ice cover large areas of the earth. These periods can last thousands of years and dramatically change the characteristics of the planet. There have been some very significant ice ages in the history of the planet. In the late nineteenth century, much research showed that there were several ice ages that alternated with interglacial periods.

Many scientists believe that we will live a new ice age in 2050. This ice age, though expected shortly, will bring catastrophic results to the life we know. One certainty we have is that if this ice age occurs, it will be caused by human interference with nature and all the degradation that man has caused to the environment. In addition, this ice age is likely to be triggered by the factors likely to cause an ice age: volcanic eruptions, clustering of continents near the poles and increased dust particles in Earth's atmosphere

Answer:

The answer is D) Marine organisms die because oil stops oxygen from entering the water.

Explanation:

The oil spill results in the death of many marine beings, due to the contaminants of the oil compounds that are tremendously toxic. Due to the oil film, the oxygen content in the water is reduced, which causes the asphyxiation of the fish, since they need oxygen to live, which comes from the water, that by the gills, retains the present oxygen and distributes it through the circulatory system through the body.

Answer:

The correct answer is - True.

Explanation:

Science is a method that explains any natural phenomenon by repeatedly experimenting and observation. It includes different branches in it such as math, biology, and physics.  

Science can not answer if any process or phenomenon is evil or good. It can not answer ethical questions such as GMOs are ethical or cloning is ethical. It only can give an idea about the repercussion of a particular question on the base of facts.

Thus, the correct answer is - true.

Gap junctions are cell junctions that allow the direct passage of molecules, ions, and electrical signals from one animal cell's cytoplasm to another, through connexon channels formed by connexin proteins.

The cell junction that allows direct passage from one cell's cytoplasm to the next is known as a gap junction. Gap junctions are composed of connexons or hemichannels, which consist of six connexin proteins that pair up with connexons of adjacent cells. This unique connection facilitates the exchange of various molecules, ions, and electrical signals between cells, enabling them to communicate and coordinate their functions effectively. In contrast, plants have a similar structure called plasmodesmata which traverse the cell walls and allow for the movement of substances between the cytoplasm of adjacent plant cells.

A: The right answer is Vacuole

Vacuoles are organelles present in plant cells.  It is a large single structure, of variable shape according to the cells, delimited by a lipid membrane called tonoplast.

The vacuoles allow the storage of water, ions, sugars, ... and by magnifying, play an important role in the growth of the plant.

B: The right answer is Mitochondria

Mitochondria are organelles present in eukaryoptic cells. The mitochondrion is composed of a double membrane, the inner membrane being folded into mitochondrial ridges.

Mitochondria are the organelles that produce the energy of the cell. The mitochondria thus have a role of power station for the cell. They are the ones who perform cellular respiration.

C: The right answer is Cell membrane (the inside layer)

All cells (prokaryotic and eukaryotic) are separated from their environment by a palsmic membrane.

The plasma membrane is the line of demarcation between the cell and its environment (= envelope of the cell).

It determines what goes into the cell and what comes out of it. Like all biological membranes, the plasma membrane has a selective permeability, that is to say it is allowed to pass through certain substances more easily than others.

The plasma membrane consists of a double lipid layer in which proteins are inserted.

D: The right answer is Chloroplast

Chloroplasts are important organelles specific to plant cells. Chloroplasts appear green ... They contain chlorophyll, a pigment that captures solar energy.

Choroplasts perform photosynthesis, that is, they absorb sunlight and use it for the manufacture (synthesis) of organic compounds from carbon dioxide and water.

E: The right answer is Lysosome

The lysosome is a small spherical structure (a vesicle) delimited by a lipid membrane located in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. The membrane contains ion channels (proton pumps) that allow the active entry of H + ions, in order to maintain an acid pH (between 3.5 and 5) within the lysosomal vesicle.

Lysosomes are organelles of eukaryotic cells that contain a mixture of digestive enzymes used to degrade macromolecules.

Lysosomes are considered the "stomach" of the cell.

F: The right answer is Endoplasmic reticulum

The endoplasmic reticulum are organelles of eukaryotes that extend throughout the cytoplasm (like a labyrinth). These are organelles that produce proteins and play a vital role in the development of the other membranes of the cell.

The cerebral cortex plays a major role in out emotions because it plays a role in the capability to identify and control emotions. The Cerebral Cortex is composed of tightly packed neurons and is the creased, outermost layer that surrounds the brain. It is also accountable for higher thought progressions including speech and decision making . The cortex is divided into four different lobes, the frontal, parietal,  temporal, and occipital, which are each responsible for giving out different types of sensory data. 

Answer:

Halophiles are archaea and considered the lovers of saline or salt.

Explanation:

Halophiles are included under the domain archaea and considered as extremophile organism. Some halophiles are included in the bacteria laso but the major halophiles are the archae.

Halophiles are included in archae as they do not contain well defined nucleus, endomembrane system is absent and cell wall is not made of peptidoglyan layer. Halophiles has the ability to tolerate the extreme saline conditions. They can be found in he area that contains salt concentration five or six times greater than ocean.

Cellular respiration involves converting energy from nutrients into ATP with waste products being released, occurring over three stages: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. The mitochondrion is vital for these processes. Respiration refers to breathing and includes ventilation and gas exchange, differing from cellular respiration, which is a metabolic process in cells.

Cellular respiration is a set of metabolic reactions used by cells to convert biochemical energy from nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and then release waste products. The three stages of cellular respiration are glycolysis, the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle), and the electron transport chain.

The mitochondrion is a double-membraned organelle that plays a critical role in cellular respiration by hosting the citric acid cycle and electron transport chain. The large surface area provided by its highly folded inner membrane is critical for the reactions of cellular respiration that produce ATP.

For an organism lacking mitochondria, it would use a form of respiration such as fermentation, which does not require mitochondria and occurs in the cytoplasm.

The water vapor that condenses on a cold window pane when you exhale comes from the lungs as they expel water vapor that is a byproduct of cellular respiration.

Differentiating Between Respiration and Cellular Respiration

Respiration generally refers to breathing which involves the inhalation of oxygen and exhalation of carbon dioxide. It consists of two parts: ventilation and gas exchange. Cellular respiration, while related to breathing, refers explicitly to the biochemical process within cells that converts nutrients into energy.

Aerobic respiration is a type of cellular respiration that uses oxygen to produce ATP. The overall chemical reaction for aerobic respiration is C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6O2 (oxygen) → 6CO2 (carbon dioxide) + 6H2O (water) + energy (ATP). The four stages of aerobic respiration are glycolysis, the transition reaction, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation.

The variable that is measured in an experiment, which reflects the potential effect of the independent variable, is referred to as the dependent variable.

The variable that was measured in Dr. Jenkins experiment is referred to as the dependent variable. In any experimental study, there are typically two kinds of variables: independent and dependent. The independent variable is the one that is manipulated or controlled by the researcher. In contrast, the dependent variable is what the researcher measures to see the effect of the independent variable. For instance, in a study exploring the effect of study hours on test scores, the amount of studying would be the independent variable (as it is what is being changed or controlled), while the test scores would be the dependent variable (as it is the outcome that is being measured).

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Answer:

Robert Hooke

Explanation:

The cell was first discovered by Robert Hooke in 1665. He observed a slice of a cork cells under a crude or a primitive microscope. He observed the dead cells of a cork. For the first time, Leeuwenhoek in the year 1674 discovered the living cells in pond water for the first time with an improved microscope.

As a result, the amount of energy delivered diminishes as we travel up the trophic levels. In the food chain, grass has the most energy and lions have the least. Thus, option B is correct.

The result is that the lowest quantity of energy is accessible to carnivores (secondary consumers) that feed on herbivores and detritivores, as well as those that devour other carnivores (tertiary consumers).

To create organic matter from carbon dioxide and water, producers like plants, algae, and cyanobacteria utilize the energy from sunshine.

A trophic pyramid is a basic interactional structure shared by all biological populations.

Therefore, High-quality energy is constantly converting to low-quality energy inside ecosystems.

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Final answer:

Damage to the lateral hypothalamus (LH) in a lab rat's brain likely caused the loss of interest in food, as the LH is integral for initiating hunger.

Explanation:

The lab rat that had part of its hypothalamus destroyed and subsequently lost all interest in food likely had damage to its lateral hypothalamus (LH). The LH is a crucial area in the brain for initiating hunger. Lesions in the LH can cause animals to lose their desire to eat, leading to self-starvation if not force-fed. Conversely, stimulating the LH can induce eating behavior when food is present. It contrasts with another region of the hypothalamus, the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH), which is responsible for signaling satiety or the feeling of fullness that stops eating behavior.

A Scanning Electron Microscope would be ideal for analyzing pollen from a crime scene due to its high resolving power, providing a highly detailed view of the grains, and allowing for a more accurate comparison.

To analyze something as minuscule and detailed as pollen from a crime scene, a Scanning Electron Microscope would be ideal. This type of microscope allows for an extremely detailed view of the specimen. This is due to the fact that electron wavelengths are considerably shorter, up to 100,000 times than the wavelengths of visible-light photons, as shown in Figure 6.1 with an image of pollen. This allows for a detailed comparison of the pollen from a suspect and a crime scene side by side as their detailed features, like the sizes, shapes, and surface patterns, would be distinctly visible.

However, it is worth mentioning that different types of microscopy can be used depending on the specific requirements of the examination. For instance, brightfield microscopy offers clear images with good contrast, while darkfield and phase-contrast microscopes can provide further details as they increase contrast and make more intricate structures visible. But for the case of comparing pollen grains, electron microscopy stands as the most effective option due to its high resolving power.

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A just action is having to do a certain action that is right or means of having to follow the law that is established and without having to break the rules while an unjust action is having to perform an action or behavior that are named or labelled to be a wrong as a matter of doing bad things or breaking the rules that should be followed.

Both molecule a and molecule b are classified as lipids. The correct option is B.

Lipids are fatty substances that have many different jobs to do in your body. They are a component of your cell membranes and aid in regulating what enters and exits your cells.

They aid in producing hormones, absorbing vitamins, and transporting and storing energy. Having too many lipids can be dangerous.

A vital part of the cell membrane are lipids. Typically, the structure consists of a glycerol backbone, two hydrophobic fatty acid tails, and a phosphate group (hydrophilic). Phospholipids are hence amphipathic.

Triacylglycerols, sometimes referred to as triglycerides, phospholipids, and sterols, are the three primary categories of lipids.

Thus, the correct option is B.

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Your question seems incomplete, the missing options and missing image is:

A. Nucleic acids

B. Lipids

C. Carbohydrates

D. Proteins

Molecule A and B are stereoisomers, specifically enantiomers, which are nonsuperimposable mirror images with identical physical properties but different interactions with polarized light and chiral molecules.

Both molecule A and molecule B are classified as stereoisomers. Stereiosomers are molecules that share the same molecular formula and bonding arrangement but possess a different spatial arrangement of atoms. Specifically, A and B are a type of stereoisomers called enantiomers, which are nonsuperimposable mirror images of each other. A chiral molecule (one that has a non-superposable mirror image, like a left and right hand) will have one enantiomer, and together they form an enantiomeric pair. The physical properties of enantiomers, such as melting point, boiling point, and density, are identical, but they differ in their interaction with polarized light and other chiral molecules, such as proteins. This difference is foundational in biological organic chemistry where the interaction with chiral biological molecules can lead to drastically different biological responses.

Meromelia(Malformed limbs): The critical period is 20-36 days after fertilization or the first trimester when the organs are just beginning to develop. Drugs such as thialides should be avoided.

Cleft Lip with/without Cleft Palate: Usage of drugs such as topiramate and valproic acid, during the first 3 months of gestation increases the risk of having a baby with this defect.

Enamel Hypoplasia(teeth enamel is hard but thin): The use of tetracyclines can cause this, as well as  yellow-to-brownish discoloration of the teeth. It is important to avoid such drugs during the 2nd and 3rd trimesters.

A neuron will not respond to a second stimulus of equal strength to the first during its absolute refractory period because the voltage-gated sodium channels are inactivated. During the relative refractory period, a stronger than normal stimulus can trigger an action potential because the membrane is hyperpolarized.

A neuron will not respond to a second stimulus of equal strength to the first stimulus during the absolute refractory period, even if the stimulus strength increases. During this period, the voltage-gated sodium channels are inactivated and cannot reopen in response to a stimulus. However, during the relative refractory period, a neuron can fire a second action potential if the stimulus strength is stronger than usual because the neuron's membrane is hyperpolarized. Only when the neuron's membrane potential is restored to its resting state can it fire at its normal stimulus threshold again.

Stimulus strength is normally coded by the frequency of action potential firing, but during the absolute refractory period, the neuron cannot increase its firing rate regardless of stimulus strength. After this period, the cell requires additional time and stronger stimuli during the relative refractory period to reach the threshold for firing another action potential.

Correct answer: A). Law of Dominance

The Mendel's law of dominance states that when a cross is done between the parents that are true for characteristics traits, then under such a situation only one of the trait will be dominant and appear in the next generation, and the other will be hidden. It will appear in the trait that is dominant.

The alleles that are expressed in are called as dominant while the characteristics that do not got express is called a recessive trait.