Answer:
organism
Explanation:
organism are the highest point of cell organization followed by organs and organ systems
Puritan disagreement over the use of inoculations for smallpox reflected tensions over what broader issue?
Explanation:
The smallpox vaccine is the best way to forestall smallpox. The immunization is produced using an infection called vaccinia, which is another pox-type infection identified with smallpox. Immunization began as a technique for the anticipation of smallpox by conscious presentation of material from smallpox pustules into the skin. This for the most part delivered a less extreme contamination than normally procured smallpox, yet at the same time initiated invulnerability to it. It created insusceptibility as a rule, however it likewise murdered a few people and added to smallpox outbreaks.In pea plants, a gene R produces red flowers and is dominant to a gene r, which produces white flowers. A gene T produces tall plants and is dominant to a gene t for short plants. If a plant that is homozygous for red flowers and heterozygous for tallness is crossed with a plant that is short and white, what will be the phenotypic ratio of the parents
Answer:
Red Tall : Red Short :: 1:1
Explanation:
The genotype of the plant which is homozygous for the red flowers and heterozygous for tallness will be RRTt.
The genotype of the short and white plant will be rrtt.
Now, the cross between these two will be as shown in the figure -
So, according to the cross results, we will get 1:1 Phenotypic ratio for Red Tall and Red Short plants.
Answer:
RrTt, Rrtt, RrTt and Rrtt50% are red tall,and 50% are red shortExplanation:
As Given,
R produce red flower and is dominant on gene r.
r produce white flower.
T produce tall plants and is dominant over t.
t produce short plant.
Parents are RRTt * rrtt
then the progeny will be
F1 is:
RrTt, Rrtt, RrTt and Rrtt
50% are red tall
and 50% are red short
Over time, pesticides become less effective. This is because __________. Question 14 options: pests can evolve defenses against pesticides over time, federal regulations require that lower-strength pesticides be used transgenic crops have been introduced over time, farmers decrease the amount of application due to the high cost of product
Answer:
pests can evolve defenses against pesticides over time
Explanation:
Pesticides are chemicals employed to kill pests generally. With continuous and indiscriminate use of pesticides, they become less effective because pests population often evolve a defense mechanism against them.
With each usage, more and more pest population survive. Those that survive gradually multiply and pass the survival gene to their offspring eventually giving rise to a population that is genetically insusceptible to the effects of the pesticide. This is generally referred to as evolution by natural selection.
Lysogeny is associated with all of the following except __________.
With the endosymbiotic hypothesis in mind, what structure within modern-day chloroplasts is likely derived from the cytoplasm of an ancestral cyanobacterium that took up residence within a eukaryotic cell?
The chloroplasts had inner membrane
Explanation:
The primitive photoautotrophs utilized hydrogen sulphide as the electron donor to perform photosynthesis for energy production.
Later upon understanding the endosymbiotic relationship of cyanobacteria which resided in the mitochondria of a eukaryotic host cell, the use of chloroplasts for photosynthesis was understood.
Generations after generations led to the development of chloroplasts by the cyanobacteria due to this symbiotic relationships which developed into the chloroplasts.
The unique presence of the inner membrane and its components like the stroma, thyllakoids helped the organism to utilize water as the electron donor for photosynthesis like the present day eukaryotes. This is the main reason why cyanobacteria is considered as the ancestor for eukaryotes.
A person applies a 13.5 N force to a hammer while it moves a distance of .12 m. The hammer completes 1.56 J of work on the nail. What is the efficiency of the hammer? Must show all work, correct sig figs, and include correct units.
Answer:
=96.29%
Explanation:
Work efficiency is the ratio of output to input expressed as a percentage
Work is the product of fore and distance.
Work input =13.5*0.12=1.62 J
Work output= 1.56 J
Efficiency= 1.56/1.62 *100
=96.29%
The Krebs cycle involves the aerobic breakdown of glucose for energy. In the first reaction of the Krebs Cycle, the enzyme Aconitase converts Citric acid to its isomer, the molecule isocitrate. The Keq’ for this reaction is approximately 0.1. ∆G°' for this reaction is therefore ____ and the reaction is ____.
Answer:
The reaction is at equilibrium
Explanation:
The Krebs cycle is an aerobic pathway because the final electron acceptor required is oxygen.
The most common situation leading to a disruption in the function of Krebs cycle is the lack of oxygen to accept electrons in the electron transport chain.
The conversion of citrate to isocitrate (isomerization), is catalyzed by the enzyme, aconitase (also known as aconitate hydratase). The hydroxyl (alcohol) group of citrate is moved to an adjacent carbon so that it can be oxidized to form a keto group.
This reaction involves generation of an enzyme-bound intermediate, cisaconitate. At equilibrium, there exists 90% citrate, 3% cisaconitate, and 7% isocitrate; hence the equilibrium of aconitase lies toward citrate formation.
Although the aconitase reaction does not require cofactors, it requires ferrous (Fe2+) iron in its catalytic mechanism. This Fe2+ is involved in an iron–sulfur center, which is an essential component in the hydratase activity of aconitase.
According to Gibb's free energy:
ΔG = 0 - Reaction at equilibrium.
ΔG > 0 - non-spontaneous reaction.
ΔG < 0 - spontaneous reaction.
Enzyme _________ decreases or stops the synthesis of an enzyme when the enzyme is not needed, whereas enzyme ___________ initiates the synthesis of an enzyme only when it is needed (the substrate is present).
Answer:
Repression; InductionExplanation:
"Consuming an entrée containing 700 kcalories, 30 grams of protein, 100 grams of carbohydrate, and 20 grams of fat would provide how many kcalories from protein?"
Answer:
120 Kcal
Explanation:
The process of cellular respiration produces energy using the carbohydrate as substrate but it also uses proteins and fats as the substrate.
1 gram of fat provides- 9 kcal therefore 20 g of fat will provide
20x 9= 180 kcal.
1 gram of carbohydrate provides- 4 kcal therefore 100 g of carbohydrate will provide
100 x 4 = 400 kcal.
1 gram of proteins provides-4 kcal therefore 20 g of protein will provide
30 x 4=120 kcal.
Thus, in question proteins will provide 120 kcal.
A woman tells you that her 14-year-old daughter, who was recently diagnosed with type 1 diabetes, has been sick with what appears to be the flu for the past 2 days. What advice do you give her about managing the girl’s diabetes during illness?
Answer & explanation:
Type 1 diabetes is a chronic disease in which the individual's pancreas has complications to the point of producing little or no insulin, characterizing excess blood glucose.
When we get sick, the body usually produces additional glucose for infection-fighting processes.
A diabetic organism usually uses other compounds (such as ketones) in order to complement the missing glucose, these processes, however, can bring several complications, such as blood acidification.
The best advices for a diabetic individual to avoid this type of complication is to always check his/her glucose level, and also to be aware of the vaccination against influenza and pneumonia (considering that in diabetics this risk is greater).
In addition, a doctor must be consulted if the diabetic person contracts flu, obeying the treatment plan and avoiding self-medication at all costs.
Sodium ions are more highly concentrated outside the cell, in the extracellular fluid. Which process would be used to return any sodium ions that leaked into the cell back to the extracellular fluid:
A. active transportB. osmosisC. facilitated diffusionD. ecocytosisR. simple diffusion
Answer: Active transport
Explanation:
The movement of the ions across membrane take place by the help of the process known as active transport.
As the concentration of the sodium ions are more outside the cell, its concentration is more and the cells which accidentally moved in needs to move out.
This movement of the ions will require energy because it is against the concentration gradient.
Consider a virus whose genome is composed of minus (–) sense RNA (for example, the rabies virus). What would be the first step in the biosynthesis of this virus?
Explanation:
Retroviruses are ssRNA infections that repeat through a DNA moderate, therefore requiring an infection encoded RNA-subordinate DNA polymerase. Rabies lyssavirus is the class of family Rhabdoviridae. It is a cylindrical morphology and is the sort types of the viruses. Negative sense ssRNA infections need RNA polymerase to shape a positive sense RNA. With the recently shaped virions, increasingly negative sense RNA particles are delivered. In more subtleties, replication of the virion comprises of the accompanying advances.The negative RNA into the cytoplasm when the virion enters the host cell and discharged.A microbiologist wants to study the virus particles from a urine sample, but not any bacteria that might be present. How can the bacteria be eliminated without harming the viruses
The range of electromagnetic energy emitted by the sun, known as the solar spectrum, is found mostly in three regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Which type of electromagnetic energy is NOT part of the solar spectrum?
Answer:Radio
Explanation:
Did it on usatestprep
Radio type of electromagnetic energy is NOT part of the solar spectrum.
What is Electromagnetic Energy?The range of all EM radiation types is known as the electromagnetic (EM) spectrum. The visible light from a bulb in your home and radio waves from a radio station are two examples of electromagnetic radiation. Radiation is energy that moves and disperses as it does.
Microwaves, infrared light, ultraviolet light, X-rays, and gamma rays are the other EM radiation types that make up the electromagnetic spectrum.
Contrary to popular belief, you are more familiar with the electromagnetic spectrum. The illustration below illustrates potential daily encounters with each region of the EM spectrum.
Therefore, Radio type of electromagnetic energy is NOT part of the solar spectrum.
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High blood pressure in mammals reflexively causes a decrease in heart rate, which results in lowered blood pressure. This is a _____ feedback loop because response to the signal results in a(n) _____ of that signal.
Answer:
That's a negative feedback loop because response to the signal results in a decrease of that signal.
Explanation:
Decreased blood pressure decreases baroreflex activation and causes heart rate to increase and to restore blood pressure levels
Two species of buttercup can be found in the same field in South Dakota. They emerge at different times: One species emerges and flowers in early spring, and the other species emerges in late summer, after the first species has set seed. Both flower species are pollinated by the same insect species, which is common in spring and summer. The different flowering times are likely due to
a.competitive exclusion. b.niche fragmentation. c.niche realignment.d. resource partitioning.e. parasitism.
Answer:
C.
Explanation:
The niche fragmentation caused by the insect
Niche is a turn-based strategy game for PC, Mac, and Linux that incorporates simulation and survival components.
What is Niche?
The term "niche" in ecology refers to the function an organism performs within a community.
The physical and environmental requirements (such as temperature or topography) and interactions with other species that a species must tolerate make up its niche (like predation or competition).
For instance, the tiny songbird from North America known as the Kirtland's warbler (Setophaga kirtlandii), which is scarce, has an extremely constrained niche.
Therefore, Niche is a turn-based strategy game for PC, Mac, and Linux that incorporates simulation and survival components.
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Social factors that can lead to psychological problems as a result of obesity include which of the following? A. high blood pressure B. cancer C. shortened lifespan D. discrimination Please select the best answer from the choices provided
Answer:
D
Explanation:
Social factors that can lead to psychological problems as a result of obesity include discrimination. Thus, the correct option is D.
What are psychological problems?Psychological disorder or problems are the ongoing dysfunctional pattern of thoughts, emotions, and behaviors which causes significant distress in an organism and is considered deviant in that person's culture.
Some of the common psychological disorders include anxiety disorders, including panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and phobias, depression, bipolar disorder, and other mood disorders, eating disorders. The social factors which lead to psychological problems as a result of obesity include discrimination.
Therefore, the correct option is D.
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What tropic hormone stimulates cortisol from the adrenal gland?
a) luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
b) growth hormone (GH)
c) adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
d) thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
The adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is the hormone that stimulates the adrenal gland to release cortisol, which regulates the body's response to stress.
Explanation:The tropic hormone that stimulates cortisol from the adrenal gland is the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). ACTH is released from the pituitary gland located at the base of the brain. It travels through the bloodstream to the adrenal glands, where it triggers the release of cortisol. Cortisol, the body's primary stress hormone, helps regulate the body's response to physical or emotional stress. The other hormones listed, like the luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), growth hormone (GH), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), have different roles in the body and do not directly stimulate cortisol release.
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The tropic hormone that stimulates cortisol from the adrenal gland is adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).
Explanation:The correct answer is option c) adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).
ACTH is a tropic hormone secreted by the pituitary gland. It stimulates the adrenal gland to produce and release cortisol, which is a stress hormone.
For example, when the body is under stress, such as during a physical injury or emotional trauma, the hypothalamus in the brain releases corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), which then stimulates the release of ACTH from the pituitary gland. ACTH then travels through the bloodstream to the adrenal glands, where it triggers the production and release of cortisol.
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Kumquat is the most ___________________ type of citrus for arizona.
Answer:
cold and hardy
Explanation:
because it is not usually grown there
The most suitable citrus type for Arizona is the kumquat, which is well adapted to the hot, arid climate. Kumquats are drought-tolerant, pest-resistant, and can withstand high temperatures.
Explanation:The Most Suitable Citrus Type for ArizonaThe most suitable citrus type for Arizona is the **kumquat**. Kumquats are well adapted to the hot, arid climates of Arizona because they are highly drought-tolerant and can withstand high temperatures. Additionally, kumquat trees are small and can be grown in containers, making them a suitable choice for smaller spaces.
Unlike other citrus varieties, kumquats have thin, edible skin, which makes them more resistant to pests and diseases commonly found in the Arizona climate. Furthermore, kumquats are cold-hardy and can tolerate frost, which can be beneficial during Arizona's cooler winter months.
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If one identical twin suffers from anorexia nervosa, the other twin will develop this disorder in as many as _____ percent of cases. On the other hand, the concordance rate for fraternal twins is around 20 percent.
Final answer:
For identical twins, if one sibling has anorexia nervosa, there is up to a 50-75% chance the other will as well, in contrast to a 20% chance for fraternal twins, highlighting a genetic component in the disorder's development.
Explanation:
If one identical twin suffers from anorexia nervosa, the likelihood that the other twin will develop this disorder is significantly higher than in fraternal twins. While the exact percentage can vary, studies have shown a higher concordance rate among identical twins compared to fraternal twins, with rates up to 50-75% in identical twins and around 20% in fraternal twins for eating disorders like anorexia nervosa.
Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by a fear of gaining weight and a severe restriction of food intake which can lead to extremely low body weight and a distorted body image. Treatment aims for recovery, which includes establishing normal eating habits and reaching a healthy weight. Genetic factors, along with environmental influences, play a critical role in the development of anorexia nervosa, and this is partly illustrated by the differences in concordance rates between identical and fraternal twins.
What is most likely a product of an early gene?
The question is incomplete. The complete question is as follows:
Which of the following is most likely a product of an early gene?
A capsid proteins
B DNA polymerase
C envelope proteins
D spike proteins
E lysozyme
Answer:
DNA polymerase .
Explanation:
Early gene may be defined as the gene that are activated immediately and the representation of this gene is important for the particular mechanism of the cell.
The DNA polymerase is the product of the early gene as the DNA polymerase is an important enzyme that are required for the DNA replication and can give immediate response to the different stimuli during the process of DNA replication.
Thus, the correct answer is option (B).
Histones are:____________ a) found in polyribosomes. b) enzymes found in lysosomes. c) proteins of the cytoskeleton. d) proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus. e) on the surface of rough endoplasmi
Answer:
Histones are:____d) proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus________
Explanation:
Histones are low molecular weight proteins that support the chromosome (that is, they are associated with the DNA of cells) making it more compact. In synthesis, its function is that of packaging as part of the chromatin and also participate in the regulation of genes.
Question 14
How does natural selection work with regards to genes and what is passed to the next generation?
a. Those with the most favorable combination of genes survive and pass their DNA to the next generation.
b. Those with the least favorable combination of genes survive and pass their DNA to the next generation.
c. Those with the most favorable combination of genes die off not allowing their DNA to be passed on to the next generation.
d. Natural selection allows genes to mutate, therefore changing the species.
Answer: a. Those with the most favorable combination of genes survive and pass their DNA to the next generation.
Explanation:
Natural selection acts on the phenotype; the mechanism of evolution is precisely linked to the genotype. Natural selection also affects the frequency of ale. If the allele provides a phenotype that allows the individual to survive better or have more offspring, the rate of that allele will increase.
A ballet dancer falls to the floor and hurts herself during a practice session before opening night. She sustains an injury to the thoracodorsal nerve that would probably affect the strength of which of the following movements? Extension of the arm
The question is incomplete as it does not have the option which are:
Adduction of the scapulaElevation of the scapulaAbduction of the armLateral rotation of the armExtension of the armAnswer:
Extension of the arm
Explanation:
The thoracodorsal nerves are the motor nerves which brings the stimulus from the brain to the effector muscle.
The thoracodorsal nerves arise from the brachial plexus and innervate the Latissimus dorsi which is found in the back of the human body.
The Dorsi muscle is involved in the adduction, extension and adduction of the shoulder joints. In the given question, if the thoracodorsal nerve of the person is affected than the person is not able to extend their arm.
Thus, the selected option is correct.
he thoracodorsal nerve also known as the middle subscapular or long subscapular nerve arises from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus and supplies the
A strain of Neisseria gonorrhoeae that was formerly sensitive to penicillin has recently acquired the ability to produce penicillinase, an enzyme that inactivates penicillin. Evidence indicates that this is not a new mutation but rather a gene received from another bacterium. The gene is now spreading rapidly among the population, causing the recipient bacteria to be resistant to penicillin. Place the following steps in the order in which they most likely occurred to result in the production of penicillinase.
Answer:
Transformation introduced the penicillinase gene to the strain of gonorrhea.Recobination occured,placing the penicillinase gene in the Neisseria gonorrhoeae genome.The penicillinase gene was replicated alongwith all of the other DNA prior to cell division,resulting in vertical transmission of gene to daughter cells.The penicillinase gene was transcribed into mRNAThe penicillinase mRNA was translated into the protien penicillinase.Answer:
There is no short answer.
Explanation:
The Neisseria Gonorrhoeae example given in the question is a bacteria. They can share different genes through the introduction of them from other bacterias or cells. The Neisseria Gonorrhoeae's resilliance the penicilin can happen in the following way;
Transformation introduces the penicillinase gene to this strain of Neisseria gonorrhoeae .
Through recombination the penicillinase gene is put into the Neisseria Gonorrhoeae genome.
The penicillinase gene was replicated along with all of the other DNA prior to cell division, resulting in vertical transmission of the gene to daughter cells.
The penicillinase gene was transcribed into mRNA.
Lastly the penicillinase mRNA was translated into the protein penicillinase, thus provigind the Neisseria Gonorrhoeae with resilliance to penicilin.
I hope this answer helps.
Sticky mucus that lines the body's interior tubes and cavities contains _____, an enzyme that kills bacteria.
a. clostridium
b. amylase
c. lysozyme
d. lactate
e. staphylococcus
Answer:
Answer is
C) Lysozyme
this is an enzyme that kills bacteria
Ninety-five percent of the fat we consume is in the form of ________.
Answer:
The answer is Triglycerides
Explanation:
The majority of fat we consume is in the form of triglycerides. They are a common dietary lipid used for energy, stored in adipocytes, and are crucial for the human body due to their role in insulation, vitamin absorption, and as a source of energy.
Explanation:Ninety-five percent of the fat we consume is in the form of triglycerides. Triglycerides are one of the most common dietary lipid groups and the type found most abundantly in body tissues. The structure of a triglyceride is formed from the synthesis of two types of molecules: a glycerol backbone at the core, consisting of three carbon atoms, and long carbon chains known as fatty acids.
These triglycerides are most often used for energy via a metabolic process called ß-oxidation. Excess fat is generally stored in specialized cells known as adipocytes, which accumulate in subcutaneous tissue under the skin or in other tissues and organs. Triglycerides containing double carbon bonds are referred to as unsaturated fats, while those with trans double bonds, called trans fats, have been linked to increased cardiovascular disease risk.
Despite some negative perception, fats play a crucial role in the human body. They act as a storage form of fatty acids, a source of energy, and provide insulation for the body. Some vitamins are also fat-soluble, demonstrating the importance of consuming 'healthy' fats in moderation as part of a balanced diet.
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What osmotic pressure in atmospheres would you expect for a solution of 0.100 M CaCl2 that is separated from pure water by a semipermeable membrane at 310 K? Assume 100% dissociation for CaCl2.
Answer:
The osmotic pressure is 7.63 atm
Explanation:
We apply the osmotic pressure formula to solve this problem:
π = M . R . T . i
CaCl₂ → Ca²⁺ + 2Cl⁻ (i = 3)
The i refers to the Van't Hoff factor which refers to the amount of ions dissolved.
T is the Absolute T°, for this case 310K
R is the universal constant gase → 0.082 L.atm/mol.K
M is the molarity → 0.1 mol/L
We replace the values → π = 0.1 mol/L . 0.082 L.atm/mol.K . 310K . 3
π = 7.63 atm
Question 3
Jean Baptiste Lamarck and Darwin varied with the process of evolution as Lamarck believed in ________, while Darwin focused on ______ for survival.
a. acquired traits, fitness
b. descent with modification, acquired traits
c. extinction, move toward perfection
d. natural selection, artificial selection
Answer:
The answer is definatley a
Explanation:
I took it as well
Both the Jean Baptiste Lamarck and Darwin were both naturalists who had produced theories about the organisms to get helpful variations. Lamarck believed in acquired traits whereas Darwin focused on fitness for survival. The correct option is a.
What is Lamarck and Darwin's theory?The Lamarck is best known for the theory of inheritance of Acquired characteristics. If an organism changes during its life in order to adapt to its environment, those changes are passed on to its offspring. He said that change is made by what the organisms want or need.
Lamarck also said that the body parts which are not being used are gradually disappearing. At last the people born without these parts.
The survival of the fittest theory is explained by Charles Darwin and he suggested that the organisms best adapted to the environment are more likely to survive and reproduce.
Thus the correct option is acquired traits, fitness, option a.
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A red blood cell placed in a medium that is hypertonic relative to its cytoplasm will _____. Multiple Choice expand and burst shrink have no change in shape become a white blood cell
Answer: shrink
A red blood cell placed in a medium that is hypertonic relative to its cytoplasm will shrink
Explanation:
Since the hypertonic medium has a higher concentration than the red blood cell, water will move out of the cell membrane of the red blood cell into the hypertonic medium.
Thus, after a while the continuous loss of water will cause the red blood cell to shrink (reduce in size)