Option E
The conservatism constraint prescribes that: When multiple estimates of amounts to be received or paid in the future are equally likely, then the least optimistic amount should be used.
Explanation:Conservatism constraint designates the aid of the less optimistic amount when more extra than unity assessment of the amount to be collected or repaid endures and these assessments are thereby uniformly likely.
The conservatism constraint suggests that, all annexes equal, we require to choose the postulate that is more moderate for assets and more leading for liabilities, these hypotheses forming the company resemble worse or most traditional. Conservatism constraint restricts the opportunity of economic statements being proffered that are emphasized, an overstatement that investors could perform on.
The conservatism constraint prescribes that a company use the same accounting methods period after period to provide consistent and reliable information in financial statements.
Explanation:The conservatism constraint in accounting prescribes that a company use the same accounting methods period after period. This means that a company should be consistent in its treatment of accounting transactions and follow the same principles and rules over time.
For example, if a company chooses to use the FIFO method to value its inventory, it should continue using the same method in subsequent periods.
The aim of the conservatism constraint is to ensure that financial statements reflect a more cautious and conservative estimate of the company's financial position and performance.
By using the same accounting methods, a company provides users of financial statements with consistent and reliable information to make informed decisions.
Which of the following is a disadvantage of franchising for a franchisee? The Dunning-Kruger effect The endowment effect The false-consensus effect The negative halo effect
Option D
The negative halo effect is a disadvantage of franchising for a franchisee
Explanation:
The halo effect is a kind of cognitive racism in which our overall hypothesis of a person impacts how we think and speculate about his or her personality. Thoughts of a particular characteristic can transfer over to how personas look at other features of that personality.
If a franchisee does not exist up to the excellence criteria of the franchisor this can have a contrary reputational impact not simply on the franchisee, but the wider credit of the franchisor as well. Thus, there is a peril in empowering others not undeviatingly related to the business to practice the business name and logo.
A disadvantage of franchising for a franchisee is D. The negative halo effect.
What is the negative halo effect?In franchising, a franchisee may be negatively impacted if global customers start to dislike the franchisor's products and services.
While the halo effect can also be positive, benefiting the franchisee, the halo effect hurts the franchisee when customers turn against the franchisor, in any way.
Thus, one disadvantage of franchising for a franchisee is D. The negative halo effect.
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Imagine you are the owner of a natural gas company. You can either extract as much of the resource as fast as possible or delay extraction until a future time. Projections indicate that the price of natural gas is expected to fall in the future. What would you do in the present?
As the owner of a natural gas company, with the expected fall of gas prices in the future, it would be economically beneficial to extract and sell as much gas as possible at the current higher price. However, other factors such as production cost, environmental impacts, future technical advancements, and regulations should also be considered.
Explanation:As the owner of a natural gas company, if the projection indicates that the price of natural gas is expected to fall in the future, it would be economically optimal to extract and sell as much of the natural gas as soon as possible at the current higher price. This is an application of the law of supply and demand. The supply is the amount of natural gas you have available to sell, and demand is driven by the market price.
However, your decision should also take into account other factors such as the costs associated with production and extraction, the environmental impact, potential technological advances that could affect the future value of natural gas, and any regulations that may affect your business.
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A firm that would like to develop a global supply chain would: Manufacture components or supplies in other countries. Sell raw materials, components or supplies produced at home abroad. Purchase raw materials, components, or supplies from sellers in other countries. Check products that were manufactured abroad for defects in their home country.
Answer:
The correct answer is letter "C": Purchase raw materials, components, or supplies from sellers in other countries.
Explanation:
The global economy has allowed companies to handle their operations with domestic and international resources. Most organizations purchase raw materials or the components necessary for their production process abroad to minimize costs and maximize profits. In some other cases, the manufacturing process is taken to other countries where the labor force is cheaper to reduce the company's expenditures even more.
A loan is being repaid in five annual payments. The first two payments are $200. The third and fourth payments are $400. The final payment is $500. The annual effective interest rate is 6%. Determine the interest portion of the third payment.
Final answer:
To determine the interest portion of the third payment, subtract the interest paid for the first two payments and the fourth payment from the total interest paid.
Explanation:
To determine the interest portion of the third payment, we need to first calculate the total interest paid for the entire loan. We know that the first two payments are $200 each, the third and fourth payments are $400 each, and the final payment is $500. We can find the total loan amount by adding up these payments: $200 + $200 + $400 + $400 + $500 = $1700.
Next, we can find the total interest paid by subtracting the loan amount from the sum of the payments: Total interest = Loan amount - Total payments = $5000 - $1700 = $3300
The interest portion of the third payment can be found by subtracting the interest paid for the first two payments and the fourth payment from the total interest paid: Interest portion of the third payment = Total interest - (Interest paid for first two payments + Interest paid for fourth payment)
Suppose market share for an industry is divided among eight companies in the following manner:
Firm Market Share (Percent)
A 26
B 20
C 15
D 11
E 9
F 8
G 6
H 5
a. The Herfindahl index for this industry is. __________
b. The four-firm concentration ratio for this industry is ________ (Note: Enter the ratio as a percentage.)
Answer:
16.28
72%
Explanation:
Herfindahl index = the Herfindahl index is found by squaring the each firms market share and adding them together.
= 676 + 400 +225 +121 +81 + 64 + 36 + 25 = 1628% = 16.28
The four firm concentration is found by adding the marker share of the top 4 firms in the industry = 26% + 20% + 15% + 11% = 72%
I hope my answer helps you
Final answer:
The Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) for the industry in question is 1628, and the four-firm concentration ratio is 72%.
Explanation:
The Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) for an industry is calculated by squaring the market share of each firm (as a whole number), then summing these squared numbers. The market shares of the firms are A: 26%, B: 20%, C: 15%, D: 11%, E: 9%, F: 8%, G: 6%, and H: 5%. The calculation is as follows:
(26)^2 + (20)^2 + (15)^2 + (11)^2 + (9)^2 + (8)^2 + (6)^2 + (5)^2
= 676 + 400 + 225 + 121 + 81 + 64 + 36 + 25
= 1628
Thus, the HHI for this industry is 1628.
As for the four-firm concentration ratio, it sums the market shares of the four largest firms. For firms A, B, C, and D, the calculation is:
26% + 20% + 15% + 11% = 72%
So, the four-firm concentration ratio for this industry is 72%.
The term "race to the bottom" refers to: a. Seeking to mine valuable minerals from the bottom of the ocean. b. Moving production jobs to the country with the lowest labor cost. c. Efforts to deconstruct the assembly process in manufacturing industries. d. An old concept of globalization that is no longer relevant.
Answer:
The correct answer is letter "B": Moving production jobs to the country with the lowest labor cost.
Explanation:
In the corporate world, "race to the bottom" means seeking for reducing production costs by allocating labor expenses in regions where it is cheap. Typically, companies achieve that goal by outsourcing their operations in less-regulating countries with inexpensive labor costs such as India.
For the current year, Bubbles Office Supply had earned $600 of interest on investments. As of December 31, none of this interest had been received or recorded. Demonstrate the required half of the adjusting entry by choosing the correct statement below.
Answer:
Debit interest receivable account by $600.
Explanation:
According to accrual method of accounting, the interest of $600 as at December 31 has already been earned even if it had not been received. We must record it for the period it was earned.
The entry is passed into Interest Receivable account as a debit. Interest Receivable account is a current asset account. When asset accounts increase you debit, and when the reduce you credit.
So in this case the balance in Interest Receivable increases and we debit $600.
Bubbles Office Supply had earned a $600 interest on investments that is not yet received or recorded. The correct adjusting entry is to debit the Interest Receivable account (increase it) by $600 and credit the Interest Income account (increase it) by $600.
Explanation:Here, Bubbles Office Supply has earned $600 of interest that has not yet been received or recorded. This indicates that the company earned this amount in the current year itself, but it is actually going to receive it in the next year. To fix this in books of accounts, we need to create an adjusting entry. The required adjustment entry here would be to debit the Interest Receivable account and credit the Interest Income account. So, the journal entry will be as follows: Debit Interest Receivable $600 and Credit Interest Income $600.
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Which of the following is a disadvantage of a mandatory arbitration clause in an employment contract? Multiple Choice The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission is prohibited from bringing its own enforcement action against an employer. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission is prevented from pursuing victim-specific relief for an employee. Employers suffer from having more number of discrimination cases in court. The employees have the disadvantage of essentially having the courts closed to them for cases under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
Final answer:
The disadvantage of a mandatory arbitration clause in an employment contract is that it can limit employees' access to the courts for discrimination cases, potentially resulting in unfair outcomes and limited legal precedent in equal employment matters.
Explanation:
The primary disadvantage of a mandatory arbitration clause in an employment contract, particularly concerning Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, is that it can prevent employees from having access to the courts for discrimination cases. Mandatory arbitration requires that disputes be resolved outside the judicial court system, which often means that an unbiased jury will not hear the case, and limits the possibility for broader legal precedents to be set in the pursuit of equal employment opportunities. Moreover, mandatory arbitration may impose limitations on the collection of evidence and may involve arbitrators who are less familiar with employment law than judges, resulting in potential disadvantages for employees seeking to assert their Title VII rights.
Final answer:
A mandatory arbitration clause can prevent employees from using the court system for cases under Title VII, potentially limiting their ability to seek specific legal remedies.
Explanation:
One disadvantage of a mandatory arbitration clause in an employment contract is that the employees may find the courts are essentially closed to them for cases under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Mandatory arbitration can prevent employees from pursuing litigation in the traditional court system, which may otherwise lead to broader legal remedies and possible jury trials. While employers tend to prefer arbitration to avoid costly and public court cases, employees may be at a disadvantage since arbitration can limit their ability to obtain victim-specific relief, which the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) may otherwise pursue on their behalf in court.
Elmo Inc.'s stock is currently selling at $ 60.68 per share. For each of the following situations (ignoring brokerage commissions), calculate the gain or loss that Courtney Schinke realizes if she makes a 100-share transaction. (Enter all losses as negative numbers.) a. She sells short and repurchases the borrowed shares at $ 68.44 per share. b. She takes a long position and sells the stock at $ 78.72 per share. c. She sells short and repurchases the borrowed shares at $ 43.16 per share. d. She takes a long position and sells the stock at $ 60.68 per share.
Answer:
a. -$776 loss
b. $1,804 gain
c. $1,752 gain
d. No loss no gain
Explanation:
The computation of the gain or loss in each case is shown below:
a.First case
Sale value of shares = 100 shares × $60.68
= $6,068
Purchase value of shares = 100 shares × $68.44
= $6,844
So, the loss would be
= $6,068 - $6,844
= -$776 loss
b. Second case
Purchase value of shares = 100 shares × $60.68
= $6,068
Sale value of shares = 100 shares × $78.72
= $7,872
So, the gain would be
= $7,872 - $6,068
= $1,804 gain
c. Third case
Sale value of shares = 100 shares × $60.68
= $6,068
Purchase value of shares = 100 shares × $43.16
= $4,316
So, the gain would be
= $6,068 - $4,316
= $1,752 gain
d. Fourth case
Sale value of shares = 100 shares × $60.68
= $6,068
Purchase value of shares = 100 shares × $60.68
= $6,068
So, there is no loss no gain
A fixed-income security pays Group of answer choices a variable level of income for owners on a fixed income. a fixed level of income for the life of the owner. a fixed or variable income stream at the option of the owner. a fixed stream of income or a stream of income that is determined according to a specified formula for the life of the security.
Answer:
C. A fixed stream of income or a stream of income that is determined according to a specified formula for the life of the security
Explanation:
A fixed income security is a type of investment that provides returns in form of regular, or fixed, interest payments and repayments of the principals when the security reaches maturity.
From the explanation above, the best possible answer is C. A fixed stream of income or a stream of income that is determined according to a specified formula for the life of the security
Fixed-income security is an investment providing fixed periodic payments and is widely used in retirement planning. However, due to the effects of inflation, having a diversified portfolio, including pensions, stocks, bonds, annuities, and properties, is recommended.
Explanation:A fixed-income security refers to an investment that provides a return in the form of fixed periodic payments and the eventual return of principal at maturity. Examples include bonds and preference shares, which typically pay a fixed stream of income or a stream of income determined according to a specified formula for the life of the security.
Fixed-income securities are commonly used by retirees as they provide a steady income stream. However, it's worth noting that living on a fixed income can be challenging due to inflation which can erode purchasing power over time. Therefore, it's crucial for individuals to plan strategically for their retirement and consider different private market options, assessing their risk and return potential.
Among the options are pensions which are traditionally set as a fixed nominal dollar amount per year at retirement. While they provide security, they do not adjust for inflation and could result in loss of buying power over time. Other options include savings accounts, stocks, bonds, annuities and property investments, where each carries its unique risk and return characteristics.
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Castle State Bank has the following financial information.
Balance Sheet Income Statement
Cash $100
Interest Income $400
Securities Investments $600
Interest Expenses($150)
Net Loans$1200
Non-Interest Income$50
Net Premises and Equip.$300
Non-Interest Expenses($100)
Total Assets$2200
Provision for Loan Losses($60)
Deposits $1100
Pre Tax Net Operating Income$140
Non-Deposit Borrowings *$800
Securities Gains (Losses)($40)
Equity Capital$300
Taxes($45)
Total Liabilities and Equity$2200
Net Income$55*
Use this information to calculate Castle State Bank's equity multiplier
Answer:
Castle State Bank's equity multiplier is 2.2
Explanation:
Total Assets = $2,200
Total Liabilities and Equity = $2200
Net Loans = $1,200
Total Equity = $2,200 - $1,200 = $1,000
Equity multiplier = Total Assets / Total Shareholders Equity
Equity multiplier = 2,200 / $1,000
Equity multiplier = 2.2
Total Assets is equal to Total equity and Liabilities. Total equity and Liabilities includes the balance of Both equity and liabilities. Total equity is calculated by subtracting Total Loans from Total equity and Liabilities.
The equity multiplier for Castle State Bank is calculated as total assets divided by equity capital ($2200 / $300), resulting in an equity multiplier of 7.33.
The equity multiplier is a financial leverage ratio that measures the amount of a company's assets that are financed by its shareholders by comparing total assets with total shareholder equity. To calculate the equity multiplier for Castle State Bank, you would divide the total assets by the equity capital.
In this case, Castle State Bank's total assets are $2200, and the equity capital is $300. So, the equity multiplier would be:
Equity Multiplier = Total Assets / Equity Capital
= $2200 / $300
= 7.33
Therefore, Castle State Bank has an equity multiplier of 7.33, which indicates that for every dollar of equity, there are 7.33 dollars in assets.
Major Programming receives $5,000 cash in advance of providing programming services to a customer. Describe how to record the transaction to the T-accounts by completing the following sentence. Cash would be
Answer:
Cash would be debited $5,000 on the left side of the T account. Unearned programming service revenue will be credited $5,000 on the right side of T account.
Explanation:
When cash is received, cash increases and is debited by $5,000 (note Cash is an asset account, when asset and expense accounts increase they are debited. When revenue, liability, and owner's equity increase they are credited).
The revenue for this service is not earned yet so we pass the other leg of the entry to Unearned Programming Revenue. It is a revenue account so when it increases we credit. So we credit $5,000 to this account.
When a business receives cash in advance for services, this is treated as a liability called 'Unearned Revenue'. The Cash account would be debited (increased) by $5,000 and the Unearned Revenue account would be credited (increased) by $5,000.
Explanation:When Major Programming receives $5,000 in advance for providing programming services, this is considered as prepayment and thus, it is recorded as a liability on the balance sheet. In terms of T-accounts, it would be recorded as follows:
Cash (an asset account) would be debited (increased) by $5,000.Unearned Revenue (a liability account) would be credited (increased) by $5,000.Therefore, the T-accounts would reflect an increase in both Cash and Unearned Revenue by $5,000 each, resulting from this transaction.
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Pure Water's complete assets and liabilities are Accounts Receivable ($3,000), Equipment ($7,500), Accounts Payable ($4,000), Prepaid Rent ($3,000), Supplies ($500), Bank Loan ($1,600), and taxes payable ($1,000). Pure Water's total liabilities are:
Answer:
$6,600
Explanation:
Given that,
Accounts Receivable = $3,000
Equipment = $7,500
Accounts Payable = $4,000
Prepaid Rent = $3,000
Supplies = $500
Bank Loan = $1,600
Taxes payable = $1,000
Therefore,
Total liabilities includes:
= Accounts Payable + Bank Loan + Taxes payable
= $4,000 + $1,600 + $1,000
= $6,600
Hence, the total liabilities of Pure Water is $6,600.
According to your text, credit unions differ from commercial banks and savings institutions because they a. are larger than commercial banks and savings institutions. b. restrict their business to credit union members. c. are profit-oriented.
Answer:
b. restrict their business to credit union members.
Explanation:
Credit Union are non profit making organisations hat primarily cater for the needs of their members. They are not commercially owned but customer owned and most organisations from churches to schools and even communities have credit unions. Credit Unions basically make services such as savings, loans among other financial options available to their members.
Commercial Banks on the other hand are primarily commercial profit making institutions and they offer banking services from loans and savings among others to a large rang of customers not restricted to members of a particular group. The goal of Commercial banks is customer service.
As such the main difference between the two types of organisations is that Credit unions restrict their business to their members while banks do not.
At age 32 you invest $1,500 that earns 9 percent each year. At age 47 you invest $1,500 that earns 12 percent per year. In which case would you have more money at age 65?
Answer:
2500 is your answer
Explanation:
Final answer:
To determine in which case you will have more money at age 65, we need to calculate the future value of the investments at that age. The first investment made at age 32 with $1,500 at 9 percent interest would have a future value of approximately $44,081.60 at age 65. The second investment made at age 47 with $1,500 at 12 percent interest would have a future value of approximately $11,418.38 at age 65.
Explanation:
To determine in which case you will have more money at age 65, we need to calculate the future value of the investments at that age.
For the first investment made at age 32:
Using the formula for compound interest, we calculate the future value of $1,500 invested at 9 percent interest for 33 years (from age 32 to 65):FV = $1,500 * (1 + 0.09)33
Simplifying the calculation:FV = $1,500 * (1.09)33
Calculating the future value using a calculator:FV = $1,500 * 29.3877343
The future value would be approximately $44,081.60.For the second investment made at age 47:
Using the same process, we calculate the future value of $1,500 invested at 12 percent interest for 18 years (from age 47 to 65):FV = $1,500 * (1 + 0.12)18
Simplifying the calculation:FV = $1,500 * (1.12)18
Calculating the future value:FV = $1,500 * 7.6122532
The future value would be approximately $11,418.38.Comparing both cases, we can see that the first investment made at age 32 would have a higher future value at age 65 with approximately $44,081.60.
Therefore, the first investment would result in having more money at age 65.
An entity had cash receipts from sales of US $175,000 during Year 2. At the end of Year 1, the company had US $40,000 of deferred revenue, all of which was earned in Year 2. The company’s sales revenue for Year 2 would be:__________
Answer:
US $135,000
Explanation:
In accrual accounting, amount collected in advance are recognized as a liability until the revenue is earned.
Entries are posted as a debit to cash account and the corresponding credit to the deferred revenue account upon collection of cash.
Given that the entity had cash receipts from sales of US $175,000 during Year 2 but had a deferred revenue of US $40,000 as at the end of year 1, this means that the US $40,000 was part of the US $175,000 settled by the customer in year 2
Therefore, the company’s sales revenue for Year 2 would be
= US $175,000 - US $40,000
= US $135,000
Hokey Min's Kleen Karpet cleaned 85 rugs in October, consuming the following resources: Labor: 520 hours at $17 per hour Solvent: 100 gallons at $5 per gallon Machine Rental: 22 days at $60 per daya) Labor productivity per dollar = ---- rugs/dollar
b) Multifactor productivity = ----- rugs/dollar
Answer:
(a) Labor productivity is 0.0096 rugs/dollar
(b) Multifactor productivity is 0.244 rugs/dollar
Explanation:
(a) Labor productivity = total output/total labor input = 85 rugs/($17×520) = 0.0096 rugs/dollar
(b) Solvent productivity = 85 rugs/($5×100) = 0.17 rugs/dollar
Machine rental productivity = 85 rugs/($60×22) = 0.0644 rugs/dollar
Multifactor productivity = 0.0096+0.17+0.0644 = 0.244 rugs/dollar
Cool Sky reports the following costing data on its product for its first year of operations. During this first year, the company produced 44,000 units and sold 36,000 units at a price of $140 per unit. Manufacturing costs Direct materials per unit $ 60 Direct labor per unit $ 22 Variable overhead per unit $ 8 Fixed overhead for the year $ 528,000 Selling and administrative costs Variable selling and administrative cost per unit $ 11 Fixed selling and administrative cost per year $ 105,000
Answer:
Instructions are listed below.
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
The company produced 44,000 units
Sold 36,000 units for $140 per unit.
Manufacturing costs:
Direct materials per unit $ 60
Direct labor per unit $ 22
Variable overhead per unit $ 8
The fixed overhead for the year $ 528,000
Selling and administrative costs:
Variable selling and administrative cost per unit $ 11
Fixed selling and administrative cost per year $ 105,000
I will assume that the required answer is an income statement using absorption and variable costing:
Absorption costing:
It includes the fixed overhead in the manufactured costs:
Unitary cost= direct material + direct labor + unitary variable overhead + unitary fixed overhead
Unitary cost= 60 + 22 + 8 + (528,000/44,000)= $102
Income statement:
Sales= 36,000*140= 5,040,000
COGS= (36,000*102)= (3,672,000)
Gross profit= 1,368,000
Variable selling and administrative= (11*36,000)= (396,000)
Fixed selling and administrative= (105,000)
Net operating income= 867,000
Variable costing:
Under variable cost, fixed overhead is not included in manufacturing costs.
Unitary cost= direct material + direct labor + variable overhead
Unitay cost= 90
Income statement:
Sales= 5,040,000
Variable cost= (90*36,000)= (3,240,000)
Contribution margin= 1,800,000
Fixed overhead= (528,000)
Variable selling and administrative= (11*36,000)= (396,000)
Fixed selling and administrative= (105,000)
Net operating income= $771,000
Deep level acting is less psychologically costly than surface level acting because in deep level acting, we are actually trying to experience the emotion, so we ________.
Answer:
The correct word for the blank space is: display it.
Explanation:
There are two levels of acting at work: deep level and surface level. Deep level implies recreating an emotion experienced so the acting can be displayed naturally. On the other hand, surface-level acting refers to faking the emotion to be displayed which could represent a psychological challenge for the worker.
Final answer:
Deep level acting is less psychologically costly as it involves truly experiencing the emotion, which leads to a more genuine portrayal of the character, fostering a closer bond with the audience through an emotionally authentic performance.
Explanation:
Deep level acting is less psychologically costly than surface level acting because in deep level acting, we are actually trying to experience the emotion, so we embody them truthfully through the character. When actors practice deep level acting, they tap into their own emotional reservoirs to authentically inhabit their roles, allowing them to live through the emotions rather than simply simulating them on the surface. This approach can lead to a more genuine connection between the actor and the character, which is essential for immersive and believable performances. Trust and safety in the acting environment, as well as a strong focus on the character's objectives, are necessary elements for an actor to comfortably engage in deep level acting. Furthermore, by connecting with their own vulnerabilities and authentically portraying those of the character, actors forge a strong bond with the audience, facilitating empathy and a shared emotional experience. Through deep level acting, actors can achieve a sense of freedom and authenticity in their performance, making it less psychologically expensive and more fulfilling artistically.
The seller of a dry cleaning business has agreed not to open another dry cleaning business for two years within a one-mile radius of the sold business. Such an agreement: A. is void as against public policy. B. is void as usurious. C. is void as unconscionable. D. is valid and enforceable.
Answer:
Option "D" is the correct answer to the following statement.
is valid and enforceable
Explanation:
A valid contract is a formal or oral relation for the supply of goods or services among two parties.
An enforceable contract would be any civil contract that bears legal support behind it. It is a binding agreement that will enforce among two parties.
In the following situation, such an agreement is valid with time and geographical information.
The mid-1990s saw a rise in the use of mobile phones in the general population. The technology continued to improve in the early 2000s and in the mid-2000s smartphones revolutionized the way people communicated. The technology has changed very rapidly and improved the lives of consumers. With these rapid changes, what would you suspect has happened to the CPI calculation?a. The CPI has overstated the cost of living because of income bias.b. The CPI has understated the cost of living because of quality improvement bias.c. The CPI has overstated the cost of living because of quality improvement bias.
Answer:
the cpi has understated the cost of living because of quality improvement bias
A corporation can earn 7.5% if it invests in municipal bonds. The corporation can also earn 8.40% (before-tax) by investing in preferred stock. Assume that the two investments have equal risk. What is the break-even corporate tax rate that makes the corporation indifferent between the two investments?
Answer:
A tax rate of 10.71% should make both both indifferent for investors.
Explanation:
the municipal bonds are income-tax free so we should solve for the tax rate which makes both bonds equaly attractive.
0.075 = after-tax rate
0.084 = pre-tax rate
[tex]pre-tax (1- t) = after-tax\\0.084 (1-t) = 0.075\\1 - t = 0.075 \div 0.084\\t = 1 - 0.075 \div 0.084\\t = 0.10714285[/tex]
A tax rate of 10.71% should make both both indifferent for investors.
To find the break-even corporate tax rate that makes the corporation indifferent between investing in municipal bonds at a 7.5% return and preferred stock at an 8.40% return (before-tax), we need to compare the after-tax returns on these two investments.
1. **Return from Municipal Bonds (after-tax)**:
- Municipal bond interest is typically exempt from federal income tax. Therefore, there is no federal tax on the interest earned from municipal bonds.
- However, some municipal bonds may be subject to state and local taxes, so we'll assume a combined state and local tax rate of "t" on the interest income.
- So, the after-tax return from municipal bonds is 7.5% * (1 - t).
2. **Return from Preferred Stock (after-tax)**:
- The return from preferred stock is 8.40% before-tax.
- Corporations are allowed to deduct 70% of dividends received from preferred stock as a dividend received deduction (DRD) for federal tax purposes.
Therefore, only 30% of the preferred stock dividends are subject to federal income tax.
- So, the after-tax return from preferred stock is 8.40% * (1 - 0.30).
The corporation is indifferent between the two investments when the after-tax returns are equal:
7.5% * (1 - t) = 8.40% * (1 - 0.30)
Now, solve for "t":
7.5% * (1 - t) = 8.40% * 0.70
7.5% * (1 - t) = 5.88%
(1 - t) = 5.88% / 7.5%
(1 - t) = 0.784
t = 1 - 0.784
t = 0.216
So, the break-even corporate tax rate that makes the corporation indifferent between the two investments is approximately 21.6%.
If the corporate tax rate is less than 21.6%, the corporation would prefer to invest in municipal bonds, and if the tax rate is higher than 21.6%, it would prefer preferred stock.
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Assume the total cost of a college education will be $200,000 when your child enters college in 16 years. You presently have $73,000 to invest. What annual rate of interest must you earn on your investment to cover the cost of your child’s college education?
Answer:
6.5017%
Explanation:
Given that,
Total cost of a college education when your child enters college in 16 years, Future value = $200,000
Amount today to invest, present value = $73,000
Time period = 16 years
Therefore,
Annual rate of interest:
[tex]FV=PV(1+r)^{t}[/tex]
[tex]200,000=73,000(1+r)^{16}[/tex]
[tex]r =(\frac{200,000}{73,000})^{\frac{1}{16}}-1[/tex]
r = 6.5017%
Therefore, the annual rate of interest you must earn on your investment to cover the cost of your child’s college education is 6.5017%.
wist Corp. has a current accounts receivable balance of $330,800. Credit sales for the year just ended were $3,804,200. a. What is the company's receivables turnover? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.) b. What is the company's days' sales in receivables? (Use 365 days a year. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.) c. How long did it take on average for credit customers to pay off their accounts during the past year? (Use 365 days a year. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.)
Answer:
Receivables turnover = 11.50 times
Days' sales in receivables = 31.74 days
Average collection period = 31.74 days
Explanation:
Receivables Turnover Ratio
Receivables turnover = Credit Sales / Receivables
= $3,804,200 / $330,800
= 11.50 times
Receivables turnover ratio measures how many times a company's receivables are converted to cash in a period. A high receivables turnover ratio can indicate that a company’s collection of accounts receivable is efficient and that the company has a high proportion of quality customers that pay their debts quickly.
Days' sales in Receivables/ Average Collection Period
Days' sales in receivables = 365 days / Receivables turnover
= 365 / 11.50
= 31.74 days
On average, credit customers took 31.74 days to pay off their accounts.
The days' sales in receivable ratio which is also known as the average collection period tells you the number of days it took on average to collect the company's accounts receivable during the past year.
John and Sally Claussen are considering the purchase of a hardware store from John Duggan. The Claussens anticipate that the store will generate cash flows of $70,000 per year for 20 years. At the end of 20 years, they intend to sell the store for an estimated $400,000. The Claussens will finance the investment with a variable rate mortgage. Interest rates will increase twice during the 20-year life of the mortgage. Accordingly, the Claussens’ desired rate of return on this investment varies as follows: (FV of $1, PV of $1, FVA of $1, PVA of $1, FVAD of $1 and PVAD of $1) (Use appropriate factor(s) from the tables provided.)Years 1-5: 7%
Years 6-10: 10%
Years 11-20: 12%
Required: What is the maximum amount the Claussens should pay John Duggan for the hardware store?
Answer:
Explanation:
Calculate maximum that should pay:
Compute present value of cash flows from the store, year 1 to 5 :
Annual cash flows are $70,000
Desired rate of return on investment for 1 to 5 years is 7%
Number of years is 5
Present value of cash flows generated during 1 to 5 years =
= $287,013.82
Compute present value of cash flows from the store for years 6 to 10
Annual cash flows are $70,000
Desired rate of return on investment for 6 to 10 years is 10%
Desired rate of return on investment for 1 to 5 years is 7%
Number of years is 5
Present value of cash flows generated during 6 to 10 years = annual cash flows x PVIFA (10%,5) x PVIF (7%,5)
= $70,000 x 3.79079 x 0.7130 = $189,198.33
Compute present value of cash flows from the store for years 11 o 20
Annual cash flows are $70,000
Desired rate of return on investment for 11 to 20 years is 12%
Desired rate of return on investment for 6 to 10 years is 10%
Desired rate of return on investment for 1 to 5 years is 7%
Number of years is 10
Present value of cash flows generated during 11 to 20 years = [annual cash flows x PVIFA (12%,10)] x PVIF (10%,5) x PVIF (7%,5)
= $70,000 x 5.65022 x 0.62092 x 0.7130 = $175,100.98
Calculate present value of estimated sale amount to be received for sale of store
Present value of estimted sale amount to be received = [Estimated sale amount x PVIF (12%,10)] x PVIF (10%,5) x PVIF (7%,5)
=$400,000 x 0.32197 x 0.62092 x 0.7130=
=$57,016.50
Calculate total maximum amount that should be paid
Particulars Amount ($)
Present value of cash flows during 1 to 5 years $287,013.82
Present value of cash flows during 6 to 10 years $189,198.33
Present value of cash flows during 11 to 20 years $175,100.98
Present value of estimated sale value $57,016.50
Maximum amount that C should pay to JD for store $708,329.63
Therefore, Maximum amount that should be paid $708,329.63
On July 1, 2016, Sheffield Corp. issued 9% bonds in the face amount of $11100000, which mature on July 1, 2022, The bonds were issued for $9720000 to yield 10%, resulting in a bond discount of $1380000. Sheffield uses the effective-interest method of amortizing bond discount. Interest is payable annually on June 30. At June 30 2018, Sheffleld's unamortized bond dlscount should be a. $1436700 b. $1466300 c. $1454300 d. $1424300
Answer:
Explanation:
Discount bonds are issued on discounted price of their face value
Here discount = 11100000-9720000
= 1380000
on 1/07/2016
cash outflow or book value of bond
= 9720000
on 30/06/2017
interest paid = 999000
yield expected = 972000 ( 10% of issue price )
interest amortized
= 999000-972000 = 27000
book value = 9720000 + 27000
= 9747000
on 30/06/2018
interest paid = 999000
yield expected = 974700 ( 10% of book value )
interest amortized
= 999000-974700 = 24300
value amortized = 24300 + 27000 = 51300
book value = 9747000 + 24300
= 9771300
Amount unamortized
1380000 - ( 51300 )
= 1328700
Building Big Box is a home improvement store based in Kansas and has been responsible for introducing some of the most innovative new products for the home improvement marketing in the Mid-West region.
The Johnson family founded the company fifty years ago, but they now realize they needed to convert the business into a corporation and establish functional areas within the company to handle various aspects of operations.
The company is now considering expanding operations by building another facility in Canada.
The Board of Directors has approved this move.
Which functional area will be responsible for securing the necessary funding for the expansion?
a. Marketing
b. Accounting
c. Finance
Answer:
The correct answer is letter "C": Finance.
Explanation:
A company's Financial Department is in charge of controlling the inflows and outflows of cash within an association. Finance is responsible for approving budgets based on the information provided by the accounting department. Those two divisions are in charge of reporting the financial statements of the firm.
One concern of multisource rating is that those peers who rate poor-performing coworkers tend to inflate the ratings so that the peers themselves can get higher overall evaluation results in return
Answer:
The statement is: True.
Explanation:
Multisource rating or 360-degree feedback is a collaborative approach that firms implement to engage the maximum number of employees possible in evaluating the firm and giving an insight into workers' performance. One disadvantage of this drill is the fact that employees with low performances could see their results altered after the multisource rating because their coworkers rated higher the actual performance of those individuals not to affect them.
True or False: Without engaging in international trade, Freedonia and Lamponia would have been able to consume at the after-trade consumption bundles. (Hint: Base this question on the answers you previously entered on this page.)
"Without engaging in international trade, Freedonia and Lamponia would have been able to consume at the after-trade consumption bundles" is FALSE.
Option: B
Explanation:
Specialization refers to countries' propensity to focus in certain items they exchange for other commodities, rather than to manufacture all the consumer goods on their own. As the PPF production possibilities frontier displays that production is impractical, Freedonia and Lamponia had to engage in international trade.
Both countries are able to consume the goods they produce.When a country is skilled in manufacturing a good, it can manufacture this good at a lower cost of opportunity than its trading nation. For this comparative advantage, both countries benefit from competing and trading with one another.
Regarding OCBs, which of the following statements is TRUE?
(A) Workers’ OCBs have no influence on managers’ judgments of their job performance.
(B) Workers’ OCBs influence managers’ judgments of their job performance.
(C) OCBs account for limited variance in the scores of workers.
(D) OCBs are always a positive influence on job performance ratings.
Answer: (B) Workers’ OCBs influence managers’ judgments of their job performance
Explanation:
OCBs organization citizenship behaviours, means individual actions taken by employees which is not within the purview of their job. It is a form of extra commitment an employee shows to an organization although outside the job duties of such individual. Managers can help employees to work optimally and not overwork to avoid burnout.
Final answer:
Workers' Organizational Citizenship Behaviors (OCBs) indeed influence managers' judgments of job performance by contributing positively to the workplace and overall organizational effectiveness.
Explanation:
The statement regarding Organizational Citizenship Behaviors (OCBs) that is TRUE is (B) Workers’ OCBs influence managers’ judgments of their job performance. OCBs refer to the voluntary behaviors employees perform to help others and benefit the organization beyond their job descriptions. These actions can include helping new coworkers understand the company culture, volunteering for additional activities, or facilitating smooth operations within the team.
Research has shown that these behaviors positively influence managers’ perceptions of job performance because they contribute to a better working environment and overall organizational effectiveness.