Answer:
The correct option is A) increase in atmospheric O2
Explanation:
The nerve cells and the muscle cells suggest that the the presence of oxygen in the atmosphere was an adaptive radiation which brought the existence of different animals. The conditions became favorable for different animals to survive on Earth only when the availability of oxygen improved in the atmosphere. As animal cells like the muscle cells require a constant supply of oxygen, we can hence say that increase in atmospheric oxygen was the adaptive radiation for supporting many group of animals.
The same gene that causes various coat patterns in wild and domesticated cats also causes a cross-eyed condition in these cats, the cross-eyed condition being slightly maladaptive. In a hypothetical environment, the coat pattern that is associated with crossed eyes is highly adaptive, with the result that both the coat pattern and the cross-eyed condition increase in a feline population over time. Which statement is supported by these observations?
a. Evolution is progressive and tends toward a more perfect population.
b. Phenotype is often the result of compromise.
c. Natural selection reduces the frequency of maladaptive genes in populations over the course of time.
d. Polygenic inheritance is generally maladaptive, and should become less common in future generations.
e. In all environments, the coat pattern is a more important survival factor than is the eye-muscle tone.
Answer:
The answer is B.
Explanation:
The given example in the question of the wild cat's coat patterns and the cross eyed condition are caused by the same gene. The cross eyed condition is a disadvantage for the wild cats because it affects their vision and therefore their ability to hunt and feed. But it also causes the coat pattern that leads to the increase of feline population over time. This is a result of a compromise between the two traits for their affects on the population. We can say that phenotype is often the result of compromise because not all traits support the same result.
I hope this answer helps.
Answer:
The correct answer is option b. "Phenotype is often the result of compromise".
Explanation:
The fact that the same gene controls both the coat pattern and the cross-eyed condition in cats, but only the cross-eyed condition being slightly maladaptive, suggest that phenotype is often the result of compromise. Phenotype is the result of both, the genotype and the environment. Selective pressures made by environmental conditions can cause the cross-eyed condition being maladaptive in cats.
A child has the same number of chromosomes as each of his parents. This is because the gametes that combined when that child was conceived each contained ________ chromosomes.
Answer:
When a child is conceived each parent gives 23 of their chromosomes
A child has the same number of chromosomes as each parent because the sperm and oocyte, which are haploid with 23 chromosomes each, combine during fertilization to create a diploid zygote with 23 pairs of chromosomes.
Explanation:A child has the same number of chromosomes as each of his parents because the gametes that combined when that child was conceived each contained half the number of chromosomes. Gametes are haploid cells, meaning they have only one set of chromosomes, which is 23 in humans. During sexual reproduction, a sperm cell from the father and an oocyte from the mother combine in a process known as fertilization to form a zygote.
The zygote is then diploid, with two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent, totaling 46 (23 pairs). This perfect pairing of chromosomes ensures genetic continuity and the inheritance of traits from both parents. Homologous chromosomes in these pairs contain genes for the same traits, although the specific alleles (versions of a gene) may vary between the two parents.
Genomic DNA from the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans is organized by nucleosomes in the manner typical of eukaryotic genomes, with 145 bp encircling each nucleosome and approximately 55 bp in linker DNA. When C. elegans chromatin is carefully isolated, stripped of non-histone proteins, and placed in an appropriate buffer, the chromatin decondenses. Suppose researchers mix a sample of this chromatin with a large amount of DNase I that randomly cleaves DNA in regions that are not protected by bound proteins. Next, they remove the nucleosomes, separate the DNA fragments by gel electrophoresis, and stain the fragments with ethidium bromide.
a. Approximately what range of DNA fragment sizes do you expect to see in the stained electrophoresis gel? How many bands will be visible on the gel?
b. Explain the origin of DNA fragments seen in the gel.
Answers:
a. We will see DNA fragments with 145-200 bps (only one band)
b. The DNA sequence linked to histones will be protected from the action of DNase I, thereby this enzyme only can cut linker DNA (i.e., 55 bp fragments). In consequence, it is expected to observe a single band with a length of approximately 145 to 200 base pairs
Why does temperature affect heart rate in ectothermic organisms
Answer:cause its hot
Explanation:
Answer:
hii
Explanation:
The predatory bacterium, Bdellovibrio bacteriophorus, drills into a prey bacterium and, once inside, digests it. In an attack upon a gram-negative bacterium that has a slimy cell covering which can inhibit phagocytosis, what is the correct sequence of structures penetrated by B. bacteriophorus on its way to the prey's cytoplasm? 1. membrane composed mostly of lipopolysaccharide 2. membrane composed mostly of phospholipids 3. peptidoglycan 4. capsule A) 4 ?? 3 ?? 1 ?? 2 B) 1 ?? 4 ?? 3 ?? 2 C) 2 ?? 4 ?? 3 ??1 D) 4 ?? 1 ?? 3 ?? 2 E) 1 ?? 3 ?? 4 ?? 2
Answer:
D) 4,1,3,2
Explanation:
Once past the capsule, the next membrane is composed of lipopolysaccharides. Then comes the peptidoglycan cell wall. Finally, the inner membrane is composed of a phospholipid bilayer.
Proliferation of lymphocytes occurs immediately after which events?
The question is incomplete as it does not have the options which are:
A) release from the bone marrow
B.) seeding of secondary lymphoid organs
C) entering the circulation
D) antigen encounter & activation
Answer:
D) antigen encounter & activation
Explanation:
The immune response of the body is determined by the immune cells flowing in the blood.
When a type of immune cell called lymphocytes interact with the antigen (foreign body), this induces the activation of the immune response.
A type of lymphocyte which flows in the blood is B-lymphocytes which contain antibodies and binds with antigen produces cytokines like IL-4,5. These cytokines induce the B cells to produce plasma cells and memory cells. The plasma cells produce more B lymphocytes.
Thus, Option-D is correct.
Lymphocyte proliferation occurs after activation and binding of lymphocytes to antigens, followed by clonal expansion stimulated by cytokines like IL-2, leading to immune response and memory cell formation.
The proliferation of lymphocytes occurs immediately after the activation of naive B-lymphocytes, T4-lymphocytes, and T8-lymphocytes when they bind to their corresponding epitopes. This event, known as clonal expansion, is essential for mounting a successful immune response. Cytokines, such as interleukin-2 (IL-2), produced by these cells and others like dendritic cells, are crucial for this proliferation. Lymphocytes then differentiate into effector and memory cells. Memory cells provide a heightened and rapid secondary response upon re-exposure to the same antigen, the basis of long-lasting immunity and immunization strategies.
The very limited gene pool of wild cheetahs is an example of A. founder effect. B. natural selection. C. evolutionary decline. D. mate selection. E. the bottleneck effect.
Answer:
The very limited gene pool of wild cheetahs is an example of evolutionary decline
Explanation:
When there is limited gene pool of wild cheetah is an example of evolutionary decline, as there is decrease in number of gene pool of cheetah in the wild which makes it to be scarce
Which areas in a secondary lymphoid organ allows intimate contact between blood and the lymphocytes?
Answer: White pulp of the spleen
Explanation:
The white pulp of the spleen is that region found in the spleen which appears white in color.
It appears whiter than the surrounding red pulp on the gross section which consitutes to about 25% of the whole splenic tissue.
This area has antigen presenting cells and dendritic cells and macrophages. Some of the cells there are known as metallophillic mcrophages which helps in keeping the body free from diseases.
Hans was locked in a large closet for the first four years of his life. A caretaker would bring him food and water and an occasional clean blanket. When Hans was rescued, how would his brain compare to that of a child raised in normal circumstances
Answer:His brain would be smaller
Explanation: The human brain continues to grow,until it get to the peak size,in the third or fouth decades of life. The brain tends to get smaller as people age,other reason includes,injury,alcohol use,infection,certain diseases and disorder.
Answer:
his brain would behave differently compared to a child who lived all that time out of a closet, since he does not present psychological traumas, little pedagogical and school stimulation, and in turn many values not learned by not interacting as a social being. on the other hand, the lack of sunlight would also be related to depression and the lack of vitamin D synthesis that influences bone calcification, therefore the child will suffer from possible bone disorders, fragility and fatigue.
Explanation:
This is summarized in that humans are social beings and to contract health, we must have mental, psychological and biological health.
"Use your knowledge of the Wnt/Frizzled signaling system to predict how gene expression will change when Lithium is added to a cell's environment. The TCF transcription factor will bind ________ frequently with the cell's DNA, resulting in _________ transcription."
Explanation:
The TCF transcription factor will bind less frequently with the cell's DNA, resulting in decreasing transcription."less, decreasedActive canonical WNT flagging outcomes in enlistment of β-catenin to DNA by TCF/LEF relatives, prompting transcriptional actuation of TCF target qualities. The extra translation factors have been recommended to enroll β-catenin and tie it to DNA. The genome-wide example of β-catenin DNA official in murine intestinal epithelium, WNT -responsive colorectal malignant growth (CRC) cells and HEK293 early stage kidney cells. The two classes of β-catenin restricting locales. The top notch speaks to most of the DNA-bound β-catenin and co-limits with TCF4, the noticeable TCF/LEF relative in these cells.How many and what type of chromosomes would be expected in a karyotype of a human male
Answer: 22 pairs of autosomal chromosomes, 1 Y chromosome, and 1 X chromosome
Explanation:
The chromosomes pair are found in same number in both males and females. The male have XY chromosome and 22 pair of autosomes.
The XY pair of chrmosomes are known as sex chromosomes which decides the person is male or female.
The karyotype of the male person will have 22 pair of autosomes and a pair of sex chromosomes XY.
A long filamentous organelle found within muscle cells that has a banded appearance is called
Answer:
A long filamentous organelle found within muscle cells that has a banded appearance is called myofibril
Myofibril is called a long filamentous organelle found within muscle cells that has a banded appearance.
The myofibril consists of thick and thin filaments that form a pattern of striations, with thin filaments of actin in opposite directions that are joined by actin dimers.
Each myofibril has a banded appearance and is located within the striated muscle fiber, together with the mitochondria and the sarcolemma.The molecular and cellular mechanisms and processes that explain muscle contraction in skeletal muscle occur in the myofibril sarcomere.Therefore, we can conclude that the myofibrils are groups of thick and thin filaments that collaborate in muscle contraction.
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Affinity chromatography is a method that can be used to purify cell-surface receptors, while they retain their hormone-binding ability. A ligand (hormone) for a receptor of interest is chemically linked to polystyrene beads. A solubilized preparation of membrane proteins is passed over a column containing these beads. Only the receptor binds to the beads. This method of affinity chromatography would be expected to collect which of the following? A. Molecules of the hormone. B. Molecules of purified receptor. C. G protein. D. Assorted membrane proteins. E. Hormone-receptor complexes.
Affinity chromatography is a method used to separate molecules with high affinity. This technique enables the purification of specific molecules ranging form nucleic acids, enzymes, antigens, antibodies, etc. In the example, the ligand will produce the receptor to be displaced from the beads and then eluted out.
Answer:
B: Molecules of purified receptor
Explanation:
Affinity chromatography is used mostly for biological systems because of high natural specificity between different biomolecules. Various applications include the use of enzymes, coenzymes, hormones, nucleotides, sugars etc to isolate viruses, cells and macromolecules. It has been widely applied to the purification of monoclonal antibodies, receptor proteins and recombinant proteins
Affinity chromatography is used to perform high levels of purification based on interaction between proteins and ligands. The ligand is attached to the solid matrix (chromatograph) by covalent bond, then a mixture of molecules is passed through the column. Only the molecules that show a higher affinity for the ligand would remain in the column while other materials that lacks specificity for the ligand would pass through the column. The molecules are further purified and reversibly adsorbed by an immobilised ligand. Successful binding interactions between the ligand and the protein must be reversible to avoid disruption of the biological properties during elution from the column.
Isabella was horrified when her newborn son Matteo became cyanotic immediately after he was born. He was whisked away; when the doctor returned, he told Isabella and her husband that their son had a congenital heart defect called TGV or transposition of the great vessels. Part A - Cyanosis To become cyanotic means to turn blue. What could cause a new born to turn blue
Answer:
A new born baby can turn blue when there is not enough oxygen rich blood in his body
Explanation:
TGV - Transposition of the great arteries is a defective heart condition that occurs from birth. The two great arteries are the aorta and pulmonary artery. The aorta carries oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the rest of the body while the pulmonary artery carries oxygen deficient blood from the body to the lungs
Normally the aorta which is supposed to be connected to the left ventricle and supply oxygen rich blood from the heart to the rest of the body is transposed. Meaning that it is instead connected to the right ventricle and carries oxygen-deficient blood to the body.
Conversely in TGV situation, the pulmonary artery is connected to the left ventricle (instead of the right ventricle) and carries oxygen rich (instead of oxygen-deficient) blood to the lungs.
The result is that the new born baby body has oxygen deficient blood and hence begins to burn blue (cyanotic)
What was the role of congress during johnson’s presidency?
Answer:
The role of congress during Johnson's presidency is discussed below.
Explanation:
Johnson was assigned to a containment strategy that asked upon the United States to prevent Communist extension of the variety that was a charming area in Vietnam, but he required Kennedy's experience and passion for foreign policy, and prioritized national improvements over important actions in foreign affairs.Johnson passed even more comprehensive improvements.You measure the concentration of a polar molecule inside and outside of a cell. You find that the concentration is high outside but gradually increasing inside the cell. You also measure the ATP concentration inside the cell and find that it remains constant. Your best hypothesis for the process that is occurring would be: a. active transport b. passive transport c. facilitated diffusion d. simple diffusion e. endocytosis
Answer:
The correct answer is passive transport
Explanation:
Passive transport is the transport in which the molecules move inside the cell along the concentration gradient without the use of energy.
So here there is a concentration gradient and the polar molecule is moving from its high concentration to its lower concentration which results in increment of that polar molecule inside the cell and it is also given that no energy is used in this case as ATP concentration is constant which shows that the transport is passive transport. In active transport ATP is used to transport molecules across cell membrane.
Bacteria are a commonly used organism for studies of genetic material in the research laboratory. The nucleic acids must first be isolated from the cells for these studies. Which of the following would most likely be used to lyse the bacterial cells for nucleic acid isolation?
a. lysozyme
b. polymixins
c. alcohol
d. water
e. mycolic acid
Answer: a. lysozyme
Explanation: Lysozyme discovered by Sir. Alexander Fleming are enzymes that catalyzes the breakdown of some carbohydrates present in the cell walls of some bacteria. They can be used to lyse the cell walls of bacteria for isolation of the nucleic acids.
A _____ is a site populated with people with erotic dispositions that they project on the space and each other, creating a system of sexual stratification.
Answer:
sexual fields
Explanation:
A sexual field is an field of social life wherein individuals seek intimate partners and fight for sexual status.
There are several different types of symbiotic relationships. In this case, a tick attaches to an animal and feeds on its blood. Ticks need blood at every stage of their life cycle. Ticks can also spread disease to the animals when they penetrate the animal's skin while sucking its blood. What type of symbiotic relationship is this? Explain.
Answer:
Parasitism
Explanation:
There are three main types of symbiotic relationship which includes:
Mutualism: this is a type of symbiotic relationship that occurs between two organism where both gains/has something to offer to the relationship. Example is the mutualistic relationship between nitrogen fixing bacteria and root nodules of leguminous plant
Commensalism: a type of relationship in which only one benefits but does not cause harm to the other. Example: cattle egret and cattle
Parasitism: a relationship where one organism benefit and cause harm to the host organism. Example is the tick and its host
Answer:
paratism
Explanation:
What feature of DNA allows for faithful copies to be made during DNA replication and passed on to the daughter cells? If you cannot remember from high-school biology, you can review these basic concepts by completing this week's homework assignment first, before continuing this pre-lecture lesson: Molecular Basis of Heredity complementary base-pairing rules redundancy of genetic code no restriction of sequence of nucleotides along length of DNA molecule Central Dogma of Biology
Answer:
complementary base-pairing rules
Explanation:
DNA is the genetic material of living cells. It is a long chain of double-stranded molecules, in which each strand is complementary to one another i.e. Adenine base is paired with Thymine base while Guanine base pairs with Cytosine base following the complementary base pairing rule as proposed by Chargaff. This pairing is responsible for the double helical structure of the DNA.
The complementary base pairs that a DNA molecule contains make it able to produce identical copies of itself during replication or duplication. Before replication of DNA can occur, the double strands need to unwind to form two separate strands, which serves as a template for the synthesis of new complementary strands.
In this manner, each new strand contains one template strand and one complementary strand, which forms two new double helix that is identical to the original strand. This two identical copies of DNA gets separated into two daughter cells, which is the essence of the DNA replication.
Compare and contrast some features of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Match each statement with the correct cell type. 1. Lack of membrane-bound nucleus.2. DNA in cytoplasm.3. Single, circular chromosome.4. Membrane-bound nucleus.5. DNA inside nucleus.6. Multiple chromosomes. 7. Prokaryotic Cell. 8. Eukaryotic Cell.
Prokaryotic cells are cells with simpler features without membrane-bound organelles and nuclei. They are unlike the more complex eukaryotic cells with specialized organelles like the nucleus and membrane-bound mitochondrion, chloroplast, lysosomes, etc.
Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have some basic features in common such as the presence of ribosomes for the synthesis of proteins and cell membrane for maintaining homeostasis. However, the absence of nuclei means that prokaryotic cells have their genetic materials which could be as simple as a circular chromosome lying freely in the cytoplasm.
That being said, each of the statements in the illustration can be matched as follows:
Prokaryotic cells: lack of membrane-bound nucleus, DNA in cytoplasm, single circular chromosomes
Eukaryotic cells: membrane-bound nucleus, DNA inside the nucleus, multiple chromosomes.
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Scientists working in the fields of both genetics and archaeology have made discoveries that us understand the origin of maize. which statement(s) best reflect the way(s) each discipline's work support evidence generated by the other?
a. geneticists used dna data to determine how long ago maize was domesticated. archaeologists then verified the conclusion by dating maize microfossils.
b. archaeologists first determined where maize was first domesticated. from there, geneticists calculated how long ago that was.
c. genetics data pinpointed the likely location of the earliest maize domestication, which allowed archaeologists to find fossil evidence of early maize in caves.
d. geneticists used archaeological data to identify how many genes controlled the changes from teosinte to maize.
geneticists used dna data to determine how long ago maize was domesticated. archaeologists then verified the conclusion by dating maize microfossils.
genetics data pinpointed the likely location of the earliest maize domestication, which allowed archaeologists to find fossil evidence of early maize in caves.
Answer: Options A and C.
Explanation:
Genetic evidence guided the archaeologists toward a particular territory to search for proof of maize taming; archaeologists discovered microfossils on pounding stones that coordinated that age of the soonest maize anticipated by DNA examination.
These evidences were used by the archaeologists to look in for the maize domestication.
Statement A is correct, as geneticists' DNA findings regarding maize domestication are supported and verified by archaeological dating of maize microfossils, demonstrating a cross-disciplinary collaboration.
Explanation:Scientists have combined efforts in genetics and archaeology to understand the origin of maize. Geneticists have indeed used DNA data to determine when maize was domesticated, while archaeologists confirmed these findings by dating maize microfossils. This collaboration highlights how the work in one field supports and verifies findings in the other, indicating that statement A best reflects the collaborative nature of these discoveries.
The transformation of teosinte into maize occurred thousands of years ago in Southern Mexico through traditional breeding practices. This domestication process involved selecting traits which eventually altered maize's genetic instructions. Archaeological findings, such as maize microfossils, and genetic research are key in reconstructing this historical development.
Which term defines the ketotic state most individuals enter in the early morning even after eating a meal containing carbohydrates the previous evening?
Answer:ketosis
Explanation: individuals experience a state of ketosis in the morning even afyer eating a carbohydrate-containing meal the previous evening. Ketosis is a state of metabolism in which there is very little glucose in the body, therefore, fat acs to provide energy to the body. Although ketosiz is mostly experienced in cases of low-carbohydrate diets, it also occurs in cases of pregnancy, infacny or in lactating mothers. Such cases are termed physiologic ketosis.
How does photosynthesis and cellular respiration contribute to the carbon cycle?
Answer:
Cellular respiration releases carbon dioxide into the environment, photosynthesis pulls carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere.
Explanation:
The beginning of a true capillary is surrounded by a precapillary sphincter. The opening and closing of precapillary sphincters is controlled by ________.
Answer:
Local Chemical condition
Explanation:
Precapillary sphincter is a small smooth muscles that regulates the flow of blood into the capillaries.
Blood flows to the surrounding branches of the capillary due to the fact that surrounding capillaries require oxygen when the sphincters are open and the blood flows directly from the arteriole( which is a small artery) to the venule( which is a small vein) when the sphincters are closed
The opening and closing of precapillary sphincters at the beginning of a true capillary is controlled by chemical signals.
These signals work at the level of the sphincters to trigger either constriction or relaxation.
This control allows for the regulation of blood flow into a particular capillary.
For example, if the sphincter is open, blood will flow into the associated branches of the capillary blood.
Conversely, if all sphincters are closed, the blood will flow directly from the arteriole to the venule through the thoroughfare channel.
These muscle rings allow the body to accurately regulate when capillary beds receive blood flow, depending on the body's needs at any given time.
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In the Z-scheme ____ is the initial electron donor and ____ is the final electron acceptor. A. Water; NADP B. NADPH; oxygen C. Water; oxygen D. ATP; carbon dioxide
Explanation:
Z scheme also known as non cyclic electron flow which starts with the absorption of light by photosystem II
Z scheme involves both photosystem(PS) I and photosystem(PS) IIWater becomes oxidized and oxygen gas is released/evolved as a result NADP+ gets reduced and produces NADPHOxidation of water and release of protons in lumen is done by PSII whereas reduction of NADP+ to NADPH is done by PSIOxidation of water molecule establish gradient of proton and this gradient drives synthesis of ATPIn the Z-scheme of photosynthesis, water (H2O) is the initial electron donor, and NADP+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) is the final electron acceptor. Therefore option A is correct.
The Z-scheme, also known as the light-dependent reactions, occurs in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts.
During this process, light energy is absorbed by photosystems I and II, exciting electrons in chlorophyll molecules.
These electrons are then transferred along an electron transport chain, which includes cytochrome complexes, plastocyanin, and finally, NADP+. In the last step, NADP+ accepts two electrons and a proton, becoming reduced to NADPH.
Water is split, providing the electrons needed to replenish the electrons lost from chlorophyll in photosystem II, and oxygen (O2) is released as a byproduct.
Therefore option A Water; NADP is correct.
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A client with chronic arterial occlusive disease undergoes percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) for mechanical dilation of the right femoral artery. After the procedure, the client will be prescribed long-term administration of which drug?A. Aspirin or acetaminophen (Tylenol).B. Pentoxifylline (Trental) or acetaminophen (Tylenol).C. Aspirin or clopidogrel (Plavix).D. Penicillin V or erythromycin (E-Mycin)
Answer:
Aspirin or clopidogrel (Plavix)
Explanation:
Aspirin or clopidogrel (plavix).-rationale: after ptca, the client begins long-term aspirin or clopidogrel therapy to prevent thromboembolism
You find a green organism in a pond near your house and believe it is a plant, not an alga. Which line of evidence would definitively support your hypothesis?
Final answer:
The presence of specialized structures like roots, stems, and leaves, as well as the ability to undergo photosynthesis, would definitively support the hypothesis that the green organism is a plant and not an alga.
Explanation:
The line of evidence that would definitively support the hypothesis that the green organism found in the pond near your house is a plant and not an alga is if it has specialized structures such as roots, stems, and leaves. These structures are characteristic of plants and are not found in algae. Additionally, if the organism undergoes photosynthesis and contains chloroplasts, it would further support the idea that it is a plant.
The rainforest is an area rich in natural resources. Resources taken from this region are used for lumber, medicines, food and many other products. ________________ is one of the current factors affecting extraction of resources from the rainforest. A. Inconvenient transportation of resources B. Lack of storage for resources C. Troublesome weather patterns D. Political opposition
Answer:
C. Troublesome weather patterns is one of the current factors affecting extraction of resources from the rainforest.
You are given the task of designing an aerobic, mixotrophic protist that can perform photosynthesis in fairly deep water (for example, 250 meters deep) and can also crawl about and engulf small particles. With which two of the following structures would you provide your protist?1. hydrogenosome
2. apicoplast
3. pseudopods
4. chloroplast from red alga
5. chloroplast from green alga
Answer:
3. pseudopods
4. chloroplast from red alga
Explanation: Pseudopods are extensions of the Cytoplasm of cells like Amoeba, they are changed in shape and appearance in order to aid the movement and for predation of the organisms that possess it.
Chloroplast from Red algae are characterized as not having Centrioles and flagella in their Eukaryotic cells and are known to contain the red pigments instead of the green pigments as seen generally in chloroplast.