Answer:
mutations to homologous genetic loci
Explanation:
Phylogenetic tree, which is a diagrammatic representation of evolutionary relationship among organisms, can be constructed from evidence from molecular systematic with regard to the similarities in the mutations to homologous genes.
Homologous genes are genes that are inherited by two species from a common ancestor having similar DNA sequence. An example of homologous gene is Orthologous gene, which is said to have be brought about by speciation.
Enzyme _________ decreases or stops the synthesis of an enzyme when the enzyme is not needed, whereas enzyme ___________ initiates the synthesis of an enzyme only when it is needed (the substrate is present).
Answer:
Repression; InductionExplanation:
What is found in many tetrapods but not in fish?
Answer:
A)Tetrapods were no longer tied to the water for reproduction. B) Tetrapods could now function with just lungs.
A biologist discovers two populations of wolf spiders whose members appear identical. Members of one population are found in the leaf litter deep within the woods. Members of the other population are found in the grass at the edge of the woods. The biologist decides to designate the members of the two populations as two separate species. Which species concept is this biologist most closely utilizing
Explanation:
Ecological species concept is the concept of species where species is a group of organisms adapted to specific resources,called niche in the environment
Every species has a different niche;niche is simply the role played by the organisms in a particular area(environment) in which it is livingEcological and evolutionary processes controls the resources and divides the species into groupsIn the given example members of one population of wolf spiders are found in leaf litter within the woods while the other one is found in the grass at the edge of the woodsBoth the members are distanced from each other ecologically and their role to use resources changesHence they are designated as two different species by utilizing the ecological species conceptHigh blood pressure in mammals reflexively causes a decrease in heart rate, which results in lowered blood pressure. This is a _____ feedback loop because response to the signal results in a(n) _____ of that signal.
Answer:
That's a negative feedback loop because response to the signal results in a decrease of that signal.
Explanation:
Decreased blood pressure decreases baroreflex activation and causes heart rate to increase and to restore blood pressure levels
"Consuming an entrée containing 700 kcalories, 30 grams of protein, 100 grams of carbohydrate, and 20 grams of fat would provide how many kcalories from protein?"
Answer:
120 Kcal
Explanation:
The process of cellular respiration produces energy using the carbohydrate as substrate but it also uses proteins and fats as the substrate.
1 gram of fat provides- 9 kcal therefore 20 g of fat will provide
20x 9= 180 kcal.
1 gram of carbohydrate provides- 4 kcal therefore 100 g of carbohydrate will provide
100 x 4 = 400 kcal.
1 gram of proteins provides-4 kcal therefore 20 g of protein will provide
30 x 4=120 kcal.
Thus, in question proteins will provide 120 kcal.
The boxer crab, Lybia tesselata, carries a small pair of anemones in its claws. When approached by a predator, it waves the anemones around, presenting the stinging tentacles and chasing away the predator. The anemones benefit by eating food particles from prey that the crab catches. What type of relationship is this?
This is a symbiotic relationship between the Boxer crab and sea anemone.
Explanation:The symbiosis is a type of relationship between two species which has benifit for both the participating organisms.
Here in case of boxer crab, the crab gets the help from the sea anemone in the form of protection. The sea anemone chases the predators and thereby saves the organism from being hunted.
On the other hand, the sea anemone gets food from the crab's prey which he hunts.
So there's a benifit for both.
What happens during the G1 phase of the cell cycle? Group of answer choices chromosomes are separated cell division is completed DNA replication occurs the cell grows and prepares for DNA replication
Answer:
The correct answer is: the cell grows and prepares for DNA replication.
Explanation:
The cell cycle is a series of steps that the cell goes under to grow and function and to prepare for reproduction.
The cell cycle can be divided into two main categories: interphase and mitosis (cell division). The interphase consists of 3 phases: G1, S and G2.
G1 is the phase where the cell grows and prepares for DNA replication: the organelles are copied.
S is the phase where DNA replication occurs, to provide a DNA copy to each of the daughter cells that will be resulting from mitosis.
In G2, the cell grows more and make more proteins; its organelles are rearranged in order to prepare for mitosis.
Mitosis is where the chromosomes are separated and given to the daughter cells, that will be identical to the parent cell.
During the G1 phase of the cell cycle, the cell grows, performs its regular metabolic activities, and gears up for DNA replication. Chemical messengers regulate this process closely to ensure precise and orderly progression to the next phase. Malfunction in these mechanism can lead to uncontrolled cell division, potentially causing diseases like cancer.
Explanation:The G1 phase, or first gap phase, is the initial stage of the cell cycle. During this phase, a cell grows, carries out normal metabolic functions and processes, and prepares for DNA replication. This phase essentially sets the stage for the DNA to replicate in the subsequent S phase (Synthesis phase). The cell actively accumulates the building blocks of chromosomal DNA and proteins, along with amassing sufficient energy reserves to facilitate the process of duplicating each chromosome.
Chemical messengers inside and outside the cell carefully regulate this part of the cell cycle, providing the necessary signals for progression from one phase to the next. Failure in these signals could potentially lead to uncontrolled cell division, a condition implicated in cancer. Thus, the G1 phase is a crucial part of the cell cycle, setting the groundwork for the stages that follow and ensuring that cell division happens accurately and orderly.
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what is the measurement of a population per unit area?
The blank is the measurement of a population per unit area. Overcrowding is a example of Blank
first blank
1: Population Structure
2: Population Density
3: Population size
Second Blank
1: Density -independent factor
2: Positive population growth
3: Density -dependent factor
Answer:
First blank: Population Density
Second blank: Density -dependent factor
Explanation:
Population density is defined as the number of individuals occupying a place per unit area of that place. Hence, the measurement of population per unit area is otherwise known as population density.
Overpopulation is a density dependent factor in which the maximum number of individuals that is supposed to be in an area has been exceeded.
Answer:
1. Population density
2. Density-dependent factor
Explanation:
Fill in the blanks:The specific vessel _______________from the flow of lymph from the right arm to the heart. Lymph Capillary, lymph vessel __________________ right subclavian vein, superior vena cava, heart.
Flow of lymph:
Lymph-lymph capillaries-lymph vessel (thoracic duct) -right subclavian vein- superior vena cava - right atrium of heart
Explanation:
The special lymphatic vessel, the right thoracic duct, will collect the lymph from lymph capillaries running in the right upper portions of the body like the right arm, right thorax, neck and head regions and will drain it to the right subclavian vein running below the right collar bone.
The lymph fluid from right subclavian vein then joins the left subclavian vein to enter the superior vena cava which then enters the right atrium of the heart.
Kumquat is the most ___________________ type of citrus for arizona.
Answer:
cold and hardy
Explanation:
because it is not usually grown there
The most suitable citrus type for Arizona is the kumquat, which is well adapted to the hot, arid climate. Kumquats are drought-tolerant, pest-resistant, and can withstand high temperatures.
Explanation:The Most Suitable Citrus Type for ArizonaThe most suitable citrus type for Arizona is the **kumquat**. Kumquats are well adapted to the hot, arid climates of Arizona because they are highly drought-tolerant and can withstand high temperatures. Additionally, kumquat trees are small and can be grown in containers, making them a suitable choice for smaller spaces.
Unlike other citrus varieties, kumquats have thin, edible skin, which makes them more resistant to pests and diseases commonly found in the Arizona climate. Furthermore, kumquats are cold-hardy and can tolerate frost, which can be beneficial during Arizona's cooler winter months.
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Consider a virus whose genome is composed of minus (–) sense RNA (for example, the rabies virus). What would be the first step in the biosynthesis of this virus?
Explanation:
Retroviruses are ssRNA infections that repeat through a DNA moderate, therefore requiring an infection encoded RNA-subordinate DNA polymerase. Rabies lyssavirus is the class of family Rhabdoviridae. It is a cylindrical morphology and is the sort types of the viruses. Negative sense ssRNA infections need RNA polymerase to shape a positive sense RNA. With the recently shaped virions, increasingly negative sense RNA particles are delivered. In more subtleties, replication of the virion comprises of the accompanying advances.The negative RNA into the cytoplasm when the virion enters the host cell and discharged.Lysogeny is associated with all of the following except __________.
If one identical twin suffers from anorexia nervosa, the other twin will develop this disorder in as many as _____ percent of cases. On the other hand, the concordance rate for fraternal twins is around 20 percent.
Final answer:
For identical twins, if one sibling has anorexia nervosa, there is up to a 50-75% chance the other will as well, in contrast to a 20% chance for fraternal twins, highlighting a genetic component in the disorder's development.
Explanation:
If one identical twin suffers from anorexia nervosa, the likelihood that the other twin will develop this disorder is significantly higher than in fraternal twins. While the exact percentage can vary, studies have shown a higher concordance rate among identical twins compared to fraternal twins, with rates up to 50-75% in identical twins and around 20% in fraternal twins for eating disorders like anorexia nervosa.
Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by a fear of gaining weight and a severe restriction of food intake which can lead to extremely low body weight and a distorted body image. Treatment aims for recovery, which includes establishing normal eating habits and reaching a healthy weight. Genetic factors, along with environmental influences, play a critical role in the development of anorexia nervosa, and this is partly illustrated by the differences in concordance rates between identical and fraternal twins.
In electron micrographs of HSV infection, it can be seen that the intact virus initially reacts with cell surface proteoglycans, then with specific receptors. This is later followed by viral capsids docking with nuclear pores. Afterward, the capsids go from being full to being "empty." Which of the following best fits these observations? A) The viral envelope mediates entry into the cell, the capsid mediates entry into the nuclear membrane, and the genome is all that enters the nucleus. B) Only the genetic material of the virus is involved in the cell's infectivity, and is injected like the genome of a phage. C) The viral capsid mediates entry into the cell, and only the genomic DNA enters the nucleus, where it may or may not replicate. D) The viral envelope is not required for infectivity, since the envelope does not enter the nucleus.
Explanation:
An virus that has an external wrapping or envelope it is called as Viral Envelope.A capsid is the protein which is present in outer covering of a virus. A genome is an organism's arrangement of DNA, including the entirety of its qualities. Every genome contains the information of the data expected to assemble and keep up that life form.The Krebs cycle involves the aerobic breakdown of glucose for energy. In the first reaction of the Krebs Cycle, the enzyme Aconitase converts Citric acid to its isomer, the molecule isocitrate. The Keq’ for this reaction is approximately 0.1. ∆G°' for this reaction is therefore ____ and the reaction is ____.
Answer:
The reaction is at equilibrium
Explanation:
The Krebs cycle is an aerobic pathway because the final electron acceptor required is oxygen.
The most common situation leading to a disruption in the function of Krebs cycle is the lack of oxygen to accept electrons in the electron transport chain.
The conversion of citrate to isocitrate (isomerization), is catalyzed by the enzyme, aconitase (also known as aconitate hydratase). The hydroxyl (alcohol) group of citrate is moved to an adjacent carbon so that it can be oxidized to form a keto group.
This reaction involves generation of an enzyme-bound intermediate, cisaconitate. At equilibrium, there exists 90% citrate, 3% cisaconitate, and 7% isocitrate; hence the equilibrium of aconitase lies toward citrate formation.
Although the aconitase reaction does not require cofactors, it requires ferrous (Fe2+) iron in its catalytic mechanism. This Fe2+ is involved in an iron–sulfur center, which is an essential component in the hydratase activity of aconitase.
According to Gibb's free energy:
ΔG = 0 - Reaction at equilibrium.
ΔG > 0 - non-spontaneous reaction.
ΔG < 0 - spontaneous reaction.
Ticks are parasites that obtain nutrients by ingesting blood from a host animal. Ticks would be classified as ________.
Answer:
Arachnida.
Explanation:
They are parasites living outside the body that depends on the blood of their hosts. After hatchery, they depend on sucking of blood in every stage of their metamorphosis.
Select the correct statement about the heart valves. A) The mitral (bicuspid) valve separates the right atrium from the right ventricle. B) The tricuspid valve divides the left atrium from the left ventricle. C) Aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves control the flow of blood into the heart. D) The atrioventricular (AV) valves prevent backflow of blood into the atria during ventricular contraction.
Answer:
c.
Explanation:
The correct statement about the heart valves The atrioventricular (AV) valves prevent backflow of blood into the atria during ventricular contraction.
Option D is correct
How do we explain?The mitral (bicuspid) valve separates the left atrium from the left ventricle, and the tricuspid valve divides the right atrium from the right ventricle.
These valves prevent backflow of blood into the atria during ventricular contraction. The aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves control the flow of blood out of the heart, not into the heart. So the answer is (D).
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A mechanism that guides snrnps during splicing involves base pairing between snrnas and
Explanation:
Thirty-five years back it was recommended that U1 snRNP perceives the beginning, or 5′ end, of an intron this was affirmed by tests six years after the fact. The identification of the 5′ graft site by U1 snRNP is currently known to be the atomic occasion that starts the get together of the spliceosomeGene expression is a painstakingly managed process. Inside the core of an eukaryotes cell, various atoms work in show to control whether a quality is translated to deliver a particle of pre-errand person RNA. Different particles at that point direct how this atom is handled to shape a dispatcher RNA, and still more atoms decide whether the delegate RNA is, thus, meant structure a proteinMolecule complexes containing short RNA particles and proteins additionally assume a few fundamental jobs in directing quality articulation in eukaryotesHence, the right answer is "RNA splicing is the mechanism that guides snrnps during splicing"
When blood glucose levels are difficult to control in Type II diabetes, some forms of insulin may be added to the treatment regimen to control blood glucose and limit complication risks. Which of the following statements is accurate based on research?A. Premixed insulin analogues are better at lowering HbA1C and have less risk for hypoglycemia.B. Premixed insulin analogues and the newer premixed insulins are associated with more weight gain than the oral antidiabetic agents.C. Newer premixed insulins are better at lowering HbA1C and post-prandial glucose levels than are long-acting insulins.D. Patients who are not controlled on oral agents and have post-prandial hyperglycemia can have NPH insulin added at bedtime.
Answer:
Newer premixed insulins are better at lowering hemoglobin A1c and postprandial glucose levels than are long-acting insulins
An enzyme has a total of four active sites. When you denature the molecule and study its composition, you find that each active site occurs on a different polypeptide. Which of the following hypotheses does this observation support?A. The enzyme is subject to allosteric regulation. B. The protein has quaternary structure. C. The protein's structure is affected by temperature and pH. D. The enzyme requires a cofactor to function normally.
Answer:
B. The protein has quaternary structure.
Ninety-five percent of the fat we consume is in the form of ________.
Answer:
The answer is Triglycerides
Explanation:
The majority of fat we consume is in the form of triglycerides. They are a common dietary lipid used for energy, stored in adipocytes, and are crucial for the human body due to their role in insulation, vitamin absorption, and as a source of energy.
Explanation:Ninety-five percent of the fat we consume is in the form of triglycerides. Triglycerides are one of the most common dietary lipid groups and the type found most abundantly in body tissues. The structure of a triglyceride is formed from the synthesis of two types of molecules: a glycerol backbone at the core, consisting of three carbon atoms, and long carbon chains known as fatty acids.
These triglycerides are most often used for energy via a metabolic process called ß-oxidation. Excess fat is generally stored in specialized cells known as adipocytes, which accumulate in subcutaneous tissue under the skin or in other tissues and organs. Triglycerides containing double carbon bonds are referred to as unsaturated fats, while those with trans double bonds, called trans fats, have been linked to increased cardiovascular disease risk.
Despite some negative perception, fats play a crucial role in the human body. They act as a storage form of fatty acids, a source of energy, and provide insulation for the body. Some vitamins are also fat-soluble, demonstrating the importance of consuming 'healthy' fats in moderation as part of a balanced diet.
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Which is a primary difference between all prokaryotes and eukaryotic cells?
Answer:
Prokaryotes are the most primitive organism that exists on earth. They have the simplest form of body organization and they do not perform complex tasks.
The eukaryotic cell has nucleus in it and they have more complex machinery in their body to perform various tasks accordingly.
The nucleus of the prokaryotes are not enclosed in the nuclear membrane and it is dissolve in the cytoplasm. It lacks true nucleus.
Eukaryotes have nucleus enclosed inside nuclear membrane.
Bacteria and humans are similar in that they both? A)contain genetic material B)are single-celled C)lack cell organelles D)carry out autotrophic nutrition
Answer: A. Contain genetic material
Explanation: Bacteria and humans have something in common which is the genetic marterial called DNA.
For a Bacteria, the DNA is seen to float freely within the Cytoplasm because they do not have Nucleus. While for Humans, the DNA can be found in the Nucleus.
The DNA basic function is to store all of the genetic information that an organism needs to develop, function, and reproduce.
Bacteria is a single-celled organism, but humans are not.
Bacteria lacks cell organelles but humans do have a membrane-bound organelles.
There are some bacteria that carry out autotrophic nutrition, but humans strictly do carry out heterotrophic nutrition.
Final answer:
Bacteria and humans both contain genetic material in the form of DNA. Bacteria are prokaryotic and lack a nucleus, while human cells are eukaryotic and have various organelles.
Explanation:
The similarities between bacteria and humans pertain to their genetic material. Both bacteria and humans contain genetic material, specifically DNA, that they pass on to their progeny. Despite other differences, this genetic component is fundamental to all living organisms. It is notable that bacteria are prokaryotes, meaning they are single-celled organisms without a nucleus and lack membrane-bound organelles. In contrast, human cells are eukaryotic with various specialized organelles, including a nucleus. While bacteria and humans share the aspect of possessing genetic material, they differ significantly in cellular complexity.
Question 3
Jean Baptiste Lamarck and Darwin varied with the process of evolution as Lamarck believed in ________, while Darwin focused on ______ for survival.
a. acquired traits, fitness
b. descent with modification, acquired traits
c. extinction, move toward perfection
d. natural selection, artificial selection
Answer:
The answer is definatley a
Explanation:
I took it as well
Both the Jean Baptiste Lamarck and Darwin were both naturalists who had produced theories about the organisms to get helpful variations. Lamarck believed in acquired traits whereas Darwin focused on fitness for survival. The correct option is a.
What is Lamarck and Darwin's theory?The Lamarck is best known for the theory of inheritance of Acquired characteristics. If an organism changes during its life in order to adapt to its environment, those changes are passed on to its offspring. He said that change is made by what the organisms want or need.
Lamarck also said that the body parts which are not being used are gradually disappearing. At last the people born without these parts.
The survival of the fittest theory is explained by Charles Darwin and he suggested that the organisms best adapted to the environment are more likely to survive and reproduce.
Thus the correct option is acquired traits, fitness, option a.
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Sodium ions are more highly concentrated outside the cell, in the extracellular fluid. Which process would be used to return any sodium ions that leaked into the cell back to the extracellular fluid:
A. active transportB. osmosisC. facilitated diffusionD. ecocytosisR. simple diffusion
Answer: Active transport
Explanation:
The movement of the ions across membrane take place by the help of the process known as active transport.
As the concentration of the sodium ions are more outside the cell, its concentration is more and the cells which accidentally moved in needs to move out.
This movement of the ions will require energy because it is against the concentration gradient.
Turgor pressure is the result of: A) the activity of the contractile vacuole. B) water accumulation within a cell. C) the rigidity of the plasma membrane. D) All of these choices are correct.
Turgor pressure is the result of;
B) water accumulation within a cell
Pressure of water molecules against the cell wall cause which is also called turgidity.
A strain of Neisseria gonorrhoeae that was formerly sensitive to penicillin has recently acquired the ability to produce penicillinase, an enzyme that inactivates penicillin. Evidence indicates that this is not a new mutation but rather a gene received from another bacterium. The gene is now spreading rapidly among the population, causing the recipient bacteria to be resistant to penicillin. Place the following steps in the order in which they most likely occurred to result in the production of penicillinase.
Answer:
Transformation introduced the penicillinase gene to the strain of gonorrhea.Recobination occured,placing the penicillinase gene in the Neisseria gonorrhoeae genome.The penicillinase gene was replicated alongwith all of the other DNA prior to cell division,resulting in vertical transmission of gene to daughter cells.The penicillinase gene was transcribed into mRNAThe penicillinase mRNA was translated into the protien penicillinase.Answer:
There is no short answer.
Explanation:
The Neisseria Gonorrhoeae example given in the question is a bacteria. They can share different genes through the introduction of them from other bacterias or cells. The Neisseria Gonorrhoeae's resilliance the penicilin can happen in the following way;
Transformation introduces the penicillinase gene to this strain of Neisseria gonorrhoeae .
Through recombination the penicillinase gene is put into the Neisseria Gonorrhoeae genome.
The penicillinase gene was replicated along with all of the other DNA prior to cell division, resulting in vertical transmission of the gene to daughter cells.
The penicillinase gene was transcribed into mRNA.
Lastly the penicillinase mRNA was translated into the protein penicillinase, thus provigind the Neisseria Gonorrhoeae with resilliance to penicilin.
I hope this answer helps.
Histones are:____________ a) found in polyribosomes. b) enzymes found in lysosomes. c) proteins of the cytoskeleton. d) proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus. e) on the surface of rough endoplasmi
Answer:
Histones are:____d) proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus________
Explanation:
Histones are low molecular weight proteins that support the chromosome (that is, they are associated with the DNA of cells) making it more compact. In synthesis, its function is that of packaging as part of the chromatin and also participate in the regulation of genes.
Puritan disagreement over the use of inoculations for smallpox reflected tensions over what broader issue?
Explanation:
The smallpox vaccine is the best way to forestall smallpox. The immunization is produced using an infection called vaccinia, which is another pox-type infection identified with smallpox. Immunization began as a technique for the anticipation of smallpox by conscious presentation of material from smallpox pustules into the skin. This for the most part delivered a less extreme contamination than normally procured smallpox, yet at the same time initiated invulnerability to it. It created insusceptibility as a rule, however it likewise murdered a few people and added to smallpox outbreaks.If a horticulturist breeding gardenias succeeds in having a single plant with a particularly desirable set of traits, which of the following would be her most probable and efficient route to establishing a line of such plants?A) Backtrack through her previous experiments to obtain another plant with the same traits.B) Breed this plant with another plant with much weaker traitsC) Clone the plant.D) Force the plant to self-pollinate to obtain an identical one
Answer:
C) Clone the plant
Explanation:
Cloning is the process by which genetically identical offsprings are obtained naturally or artificially. In nature, genetically similar individuals or offsprings are obtained from asexual reproduction.
If a horticulturist succeeds in having a single plant with the desired trait than to establish a line of such plant she should clone the plant so that the plants which are obtained after cloning have the same traits which were present in the parent plant. Therefore the correct answer is C.