One significant difference between gases and liquids is that ________. a gas is made up of molecules a gas expands to fill its container a gas may consist of both elements and compounds gases are always mixtures All of the above answers are correct

Answer:

Number of moles of Cl₂ = 0.3 mol

Explanation:

Given data:

Number of moles of Cl₂ = ?

Pressure = 0.966 atm

Volume = 8.00 L

Temperature = 45°C

Solution:

The given problem will be solve by using general gas equation, which is,

PV = nRT

R = general gas constant (0.0821 atm.L/mol.K)

Now we will convert the °C into K.

Temperature = 45+ 273 = 318 K

Now we will put the values in formula.

n = PV/RT

n = 0.966 atm × 8.00 L / 318 K ×0.0821 atm.L/mol.K

n = 7.728/26.1078 /mol

n = 0.3 mol

The mass of barium iodide in 188 ml of a 0.532M solution is calculated to be approximately 39.11 grams using concepts of molarity, moles, and molar mass.

The question is asking to find out the mass of barium iodide in a solution, given a certain volume and a concentration. The question is a standard calculation involving molarity and volume. Molarity (M) is defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. Therefore, you can calculate the number of moles of solute first using the formula M = n/V, where n is the number of moles and V is the volume in liters. We can convert 188 mL to liters (0.188 L) and we know the molarity is 0.532M, so the number of moles in the solution is 0.532M * 0.188 L = 0.10 moles of iodide ions. To find the mass of barium iodide, we multiply this number by the molar mass of barium iodide, which is roughly 391.136 g/mol (from barium's molar mass of 137.327 g/mol and iodine's molar mass of 253.809 g/mol). Thus, the mass of barium iodide is 0.10 moles * 391.136 g/mol = 39.11 g.

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The correct answer would be....

1s^2 2s^2 2p^6

Two or more than two atoms with different physical or chemical properties can not combine together to form an element. Therefore, the electronic configuration of Neon is 1s²2s²2p⁶.

Element generally consist of atoms or we can atoms combine to form element. Atoms of an element is always same, means all the properties of all atoms of one type of element is same.

The systematic distribution of electrons in the various atomic orbitals is called its electronic configuration. The atomic number of neon is 10. The electronic configuration of neon is 1s²2s²2p⁶. 1,2,3 represents the number of shells and s and represents the orbitals. The superscripts represents the number of electrons in each orbitals.

Therefore, the electronic configuration of Neon is 1s²2s²2p⁶.

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Answer:

A.

A chemical reaction was producing a new substance.

Explanation:

Equation of the reaction

NaOH + HCl --> NaCl + H2O

Heat of neutralization is the amount of heat evolved when one mole of acid reacts with one mole of an alkaline to form one mole of water.

When a neutralisation reaction is carried out, there is an exothermic change; energy released into the surroundings therefore since heat is given out which is what is felt.

The First 2 statements stated above were false whereas the third one is a true statement.

Explanation:

Reason - The viscosity of bitumen is about not 100 times greater than the viscosity of water, it is actually 100, 000 times greater.

Reason- Oil from oil sand deposits is not obtained by first heating the sands at high temperatures but by using steams

Answer:

Net ionic equation: 2OH⁻(aq) + Fe²⁺(aq)  → Fe(OH)₂(s)

Net ionic equation: 2K⁺(aq) + CH₃COO⁻ (aq) + 2Na⁺(aq) + S⁻²(aq)  → NO REACTION

Net ionic equation: CO₃⁻²(aq) + Pb⁺²(aq) → PbCO₃(s)

Explanation:

a. Solutions of calcium hydroxide and Iron (II) chloride are mixed:

We identify the reactants:

Ca(OH)₂ , FeCl₂

In excess, the Fe(OH)₂ can make precipitate

Salts from chlorides with elements from group II are soluble.

The reaction is: Ca(OH)₂(aq) + FeCl₂(aq) →  Fe(OH)₂(s)  +  CaCl₂(aq)

Ca(OH)₂(aq) + FeCl₂(aq) →  Fe(OH)₂(s)  +  CaCl₂(aq)

We dissociate the compounds, except for the solid

Ca²⁺(aq) + 2OH⁻(aq) + Fe²⁺(aq) + 2Cl⁻(aq)  →  Fe(OH)₂(s) + Ca²⁺ + 2Cl⁻(aq)

Net ionic equation: 2OH⁻(aq) + Fe²⁺(aq) → Fe(OH)₂(s)

b. Solutions of potassium acetate and sodium sulfide are mixed:

The reactants are: KCH₃COOH and Na₂S

In this case there are no precipitates, because all the salts are soluble

We make the complete reaction:

2KCH₃COO (aq) + Na₂S(aq)  → K₂S(aq) + 2NaCH₃COO (aq)

Net ionic equation is:

2K⁺(aq) + CH₃COO⁻ (aq) + 2Na⁺(aq) + S⁻²(aq)  → 2K⁺(aq) + S⁻²(aq) + 2Na⁺(aq) + CH₃COO⁻ (aq)

c. Solutions of ammonium carbonate and lead(II) nitrate are mixed:

In this case, the reactants are: (NH₄)₂CO₃ and Pb(NO₃)₂

All salts from nitrate are soluble.

Carbonate makes a precipitate when it bonds Pb.

The complete reaction is:

(NH₄)₂CO₃(aq) + Pb(NO₃)₂(aq) → PbCO₃(s) + 2NH₄NO₃(aq)

We dissociate all of the compounds, except for the solid in order to make the net ionic equation:

2NH₄⁺(aq) +CO₃⁻²(aq) + Pb⁺²(aq) +2NO₃⁻(aq) → PbCO₃(s) + 2NH₄⁺ (aq) + 2NO₃⁻(aq)

The net ionic equation is: CO₃⁻²(aq) + Pb⁺²(aq) → PbCO₃(s)

The ions that are repeated, are called spectators ions. We all cancel them.

Answer:

b

Explanation:

Explanation:

It is given that total energy is -443 kJ/mol and formula to calculate the lattice energy is as follows.

       Total energy = heat of sublimation + bond dissociation energies + ionization energy for Cs + EA of [tex]Cl^{-}[/tex] + lattice energy

       -443 kJ/mol = 76 + 121 + 376 - 349 + Lattice energy

   Lattice energy = (-443 - 76 -121 - 376 + 349) kJ

       Lattice energy = -667 kJ

Therefore, we can conclude that -667 kJ is the magnitude of the lattice energy for CsCl.

Answer:

Reverse; since the value of Q is greater than the value of K

Explanation:

The equation for the reaction can be expressed as:

[tex]HCN + H_2 O[/tex]     ⇄    [tex]H_3O^+ +CN^{-}[/tex]                [tex]k_a = 6.2 * 10^ {-10[/tex]

[tex]Q = \frac{[H_3O^+][CN^-]}{[HCN]}[/tex]  

[tex]Q = \frac{(0.1)(0.1)}{(0.1)}[/tex]

Q = 0.1

[tex]k_a = 6.2 * 10^ {-10[/tex]

Q > [tex]K_{a}[/tex]

If the value of Q is greater than [tex]K_{a}[/tex] Value; the reaction will definitely shift to reverse direction.

Answer:

35Cl = 75.9 %

37Cl = 24.1 %

Explanation:

Step 1: Data given

The relative atomic mass of Chlorine = 35.45 amu

Mass of the isotopes:

35Cl = 34.96885269 amu

37Cl = 36.96590258 amu

Step 2: Calculate percentage abundance

35.45 = x*34.96885269 + y*36.96590258

x+y = 1  x = 1-y

35.45 = (1-y)*34.96885269 + y*36.96590258

35.45 = 34.96885269 - 34.96885269y +36.96590258y

0.48114731 = 1,99704989‬y

y = 0.241 = 24.1 %

35Cl = 34.96885269 amu = 75.9 %

37Cl = 36.96590258 amu = 24.1 %

Answer:

The answer to your question is 11460 years

Explanation:

Data

Carbon-14 activity  10 cpm

half-life = 5730 yr

Real carbon-14 activity 40 cpm

Process

1.- Write a chart to solve this problem

                    Real carbon-14      40 cpm       Time  0 years

                    After a half-life      20 cpm        Time  5730 years

                    After a half-life      10 cpm        Time 5730 years

    Total time                                                            11460 years          

2.- Conclusion

The wooden object is 11460 years old.                    

Answer:

Explanation:

The answer choices are:

The correct formula is:

         [tex]Al_2O_3[/tex]

What you must know to answer this question is that the chemical formulas indicate the number of atoms of each element in the formula by placing a subscript to the right of the chemical symbol that represents the atom.

Thus, we can deal with each statement:

A. The coefficient 3 indicates that there are a total of three atoms of oxygen present in the substance.

Incorrect. 3 is not a coefficient but a subscript. Thus this option is wrong.

B. The subscript 2 indicates that two atoms of oxygen are present in the substance.

Incorrect. The subscript 2 is to the right of tha aluminum symbol, thus it does not represent the number of atoms of oxygen.

C. The chemical symbol Al indicates that oxygen is present in the substance.

Incorrect. The chemical symbol Al indicates that aluminum is present in the substance. Thus, this is wrong.

D. The subscript 2 indicates that two atoms of aluminum are present in the substance.

Correct. The subscript 2 is to the right of the symbol Al, which is the chemical symbol for aluminum. Thus, this indicates that there are two atoms of aluminum in the substance.

Answer:

The answer to your question is below

Explanation:

Data

mass of Sr(NO₃)₂ = 6.67 g       Final volume = 0.750 L

Sample  0.100 L

[Na₃PO₄] = 0.046 M

a) [Sr(NO₃)₂

MM = 211.64 g

                          211.64 g ---------------------- 1 mol

                             6.67 g ---------------------- x

                             x = (6.67 x 1) / 211.64

                             x = 0.032 mol

Molarity = 0.032 / 0.75

Molarity = 0.042

b)

             3Sr(NO₃)₂  +  2Na₃PO₄  ⇒  Sr₃(PO₄)₂  +  6NaNO₃

              Reactants             Elements         Products

                    3                           Sr                      3

                    6                            N                      6

                    6                            Na                    6

                    2                            P                       2

                  24                           O                     24

c)

Calculate the moles of Sr(NO₃)₂ in 100 ml or 0.1 L

Molarity = moles / volume

Moles = Molarity x volume

Moles = 0.042 x 0.1

Moles = 0.0042

                  3 moles of Sr(NO₃)₂ --------------- 2 moles of Na₃PO₄

                  0.0042 moles of Sr(NO₃)₂ -------- x

                  x = (0.0042 x 2) / 3

                  x = 0.0028 moles of Na₃PO₄

Molarity = moles / volume

Volume = moles / Molarity

Volume = 0.0028 / 0.046

Volume = 0.060 L or 60.9 mL

Answer:

55.75g

Explanation:

From

m/M = CV

Where

m= required mass of solute

M= molar mass of solute

C= concentration of solution

V= volume of solution=675ml

Molar mass of solute= 3(23) + 31 + 4(16)= 69+31+64=164gmol-1

Number of moles of sodium ions present= 1.5× 675/1000= 1.01 moles

Since 1 mole of Na3PO4 contains 3 moles of Na+

It implies that 1.01/3 moles of Na3PO4 are present in solution= 0.34moles

mass of Na3PO4= number of moles × molar mass= 0.34 × 164 =55.75g

Matter are anything that is made up of atoms. The quantity of matter can be observed only on the basis of mass and volume calculation. Therefore,  all of the given choices are correct.

Matter is a substance that has some mass and can occupy some volume. The matter is mainly used in science. Matter can be solid, liquid or gas.

Matter is anything that is made up of atoms. Anything around us that can be physically seen and touched are matter. Ice, water and water vapors are example of matter. Mass can also be represented as number of molecules. Volume is measured only in liter.

CO[tex]_2[/tex] plays a vital role in maintaining Earth's temperature. CO[tex]_2[/tex] can be produced by natural and man-made processes. CO[tex]_2[/tex] is released as a product of respiration. CO[tex]_2[/tex]  is a greenhouse gas.

Therefore,  all of the given choices are correct.

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Answer:

B. Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide will cause mean global temperature to increase by 2 degrees Celsius over the next century.

Explanation:

By definition, a hypothesis is a tentative statement or prediction with little or no experimental test. Hypotheses are always formulated such that they can be rejected if experimental findings are against them.

Hypotheses are predictive and as such, the tone is often in future tense.

From the available options, only option B sound predictive of what might happen in the future.

Hence, the correct option is B.

Answer:

There are five main types of acyl derivatives. Acid halides are the most reactive towards nucleophiles, followed by anhydrides, esters, and amides. Carboxylate ions are essentially unreactive towards nucleophilic substitution, since they possess no leaving group

Answer:

The specific heat of the object [tex]C_{obj}[/tex] = 0.457 [tex]\frac{KJ}{kg K}[/tex]

Explanation:

Mass of the object [tex]m_{obj}[/tex] = 23.2 gm

Initial temperature [tex]T_{obj}[/tex] = 97 ° c

Mass of the water [tex]m_{w}[/tex] = 90 gm

Initial temperature of water [tex]T_{w}[/tex] = 20.5 ° c

Final temperature of both water & object [tex]T_{f}[/tex] = 22.6 ° c

It is given that heat lost by the object = heat gain by the water

⇒ [tex]m_{obj}[/tex] [tex]C_{obj}[/tex] ( [tex]T_{obj}[/tex] - [tex]T_{f}[/tex] ) =  [tex]m_{w}[/tex] [tex]C_{w}[/tex] ( [tex]T_{f}[/tex] - [tex]T_{w}[/tex])

Put all the values in above formula we get

⇒ 23.2 × [tex]C_{obj}[/tex] ( 97 - 22.6 ) = 90 × 4.18 × ( 22.6 - 20.5 )

⇒ [tex]C_{obj}[/tex] = 0.457 [tex]\frac{KJ}{kg K}[/tex]

This is the specific heat of the object.

Answer: iron (II) Chloride can be used instead of AlCl3

Explanation:

Friedel–Crafts alkylation reaction involves the introduction of alkyl group in  an aromatic ring with an alkyl halide using a strong Lewis acid, such as aluminium chloride, ferric chloride, or other MXn reagent, as catalyst.

The function of AlCl3​ or fecl3 in Friedel-Craft reaction, is to produce electrophile, which later adds to benzene ring. This electrophilic aromatic substitution allows the synthesis of monoacylated products from the reaction between arenes and acyl chlorides or anhydrides. The products are deactivated and do not undergo a second substitution. Normally, a stoichiometric amount of the Lewis acid catalyst is required for both the substrate and the product form complexes.

AlCl3​ or fecl3 (and other Lewis acids like it) will coordinate to halogens, and facilitate the breaking of these bonds. In doing so, it increases the electrophilic nature of its binding partner, making it much more reactive as to complete the reaction.

Answer:

[tex]\large \boxed{\text{86.8 L}}[/tex]

Explanation:

The temperature and amount of gas are constant, so we can use Boyle’s Law.

[tex]p_{1}V_{1} = p_{2}V_{2}[/tex]

Data:

[tex]\begin{array}{rclrcl}p_{1}& =& \text{0.579 atm}\qquad & V_{1} &= & \text{150 L} \\p_{2}& =& \text{1.00 atm}\qquad & V_{2} &= & ?\\\end{array}[/tex]

Calculations:  

[tex]\begin{array}{rcl}0.579 \times 150 & =& 1.00V_{2}\\86.85 & = & 1.00V_{2}\\V_{2} & = &\dfrac{86.85}{1.00}\\\\& = &\textbf{86.8}\\\end{array}\\\text{The new volume of the gas is } \large \boxed{\textbf{86.8 L}}[/tex]

Answer:

(b) 50 mL = 0.50 L

Explanation:

Metric system is a measurement system that uses decimalized in all their factor, which mean every rank difference can be expressed as a factor of 10(deci=10). The decimalized number makes it easier to convert the unit, make the metric system easier to be learned and used.  

The Metric system will use a prefix to determine the factor, a kilo is 1000, mili is 1/1000, centi is 1/100, pico is 1/10^12.

(a) 1 km = 1000 m  

True, kilo is 1000

(b) 50 mL = 0.50 L

This option is false. mili is 1/1000, so 50/1000= 0.05 L

(c) 125 mm = 12.5 cm  

True, mili is 1/1000 while centi is 1/100.  

So 125mm will be: 125mm * 100mm/1000cm= 12.5cm

(d) 23 pm = 0.000  000  000  023 m

True, pico is 10^-12

Final answer:

The incorrect metric system conversions are option (b), 50 mL = 0.50 L (it should be 0.05 L), and option (c) is correct, with 125 mm actually equaling 12.5 cm. The other options (a) and (d) are correctly converted.

Explanation:

The incorrect conversions in the metric system from the options provided are:

The correct conversions are:

To clarify option (b), it is important to remember that 1 liter (L) equals 1000 milliliters (mL). Therefore, 50 mL should be divided by 1000 to convert to liters, which results in 0.05 L, not 0.50 L.

Answer: polar solvent

Explanation:

Polarity can be said to mean, charge separation. Thus, polar solvents are solvents that have charge separation and the ability to solvate i.e dissolve ions.

A polar solvent molecule has slight electrical charge as a result of its shape. A typical and most common example is water, with an oxygen and two hydrogen atoms. The two hydrogen atoms are at an angle to the single oxygen atom. Water is the classic polar solvent. The oxygen atom tends to polarize electron density to itself.

Answer:

NEGATIVE CHARGE can best fill in the gap

Explanation:

The Na /K pump functions to maintain resting potential so that the cells will be kept in a state of a low concentration of sodium ions and high levels of potassium ions within the cell.

The processes of Na - K pump illustrates active transport since it moves Na+ and K+ ions against their concentration gradient. The energy required is supplied by the breakdown of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) to ADP (adenosine diphosphate). In nerve cells the pump is used to generate gradients of both sodium and potassium ions.

How does the sodium-potassium pump contribute to the net negative charge of the interior of the cell?

The sodium-potassium pump forces out three (positive) Na+ ions for every two (positive) K+ ions it pumps in, thus the cell loses a positive charge at every cycle of the pump.

The turnover number refers to the number of substrate molecules converted to product per unit time by a single enzyme molecule at saturation. The Michaelis constant (Km) indicates substrate concentration for half-maximal enzyme activity, and the maximum velocity (Vmax) is reached when enzyme active sites are saturated.

The number of substrate molecules converted to product in a given unit of time by a single enzyme molecule at saturation is referred to as the turnover number, also known as kcat. This measure of enzymatic activity provides a direct indication of the active site's catalytic efficiency within the enzyme's turnover rate.

In contrast, the Michaelis constant (Km) represents the substrate concentration at which the enzyme achieves half of its maximum reaction rate, or Vmax/2. This constant is used to determine the enzyme's affinity for a substrate, with a low Km indicating a high affinity, and vice versa.

When an enzyme operates in an environment with a high concentration of substrate, it will eventually reach a point where every active site is saturated with substrate -- this is the maximum velocity (Vmax) of the reaction. The Vmax is dependent on both the speed of the enzyme and the total number of enzyme molecules available.

The relationship between Vmax, Km, and substrate concentration ([S]) is described by the Michaelis-Menten equation, which is fundamental in the study of enzyme kinetics.

Final answer:

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) consists of two oxygen atoms bonded to a central carbon atom. Each oxygen atom forms a double bond with the carbon atom. The double bond consists of two bonding pairs of electrons. Therefore, carbon dioxide has 2 bonding pairs and 0 lone pairs of electrons.

Explanation:

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) consists of two oxygen atoms bonded to a central carbon atom. Each oxygen atom forms a double bond with the carbon atom. The double bond consists of two bonding pairs of electrons. Therefore, carbon dioxide has 2 bonding pairs and 0 lone pairs of electrons. The correct option is d) 2 bonding pairs and 2 lone pairs.

The correct option is b. 4 bonding pairs and 2 lone pairs.

To determine the number of bonding pairs and lone pairs in carbon dioxide (CO2), we need to consider the Lewis structure of the molecule. Carbon dioxide has a total of 16 valence electrons, 4 from the carbon atom and 6 from each of the two oxygen atoms.

 In the Lewis structure of CO2, the carbon atom is double-bonded to each oxygen atom. Each double bond consists of one sigma (σ) bond and one pi (Ï€) bond. Since there are two double bonds, there are a total of 4 bonding pairs of electrons (2 sigma bonds and 2 pi bonds).

The Lewis structure of CO2 is as follows:

O=C=O

 Here, the carbon atom has no lone pairs, as it forms double bonds with both oxygen atoms. Each oxygen atom has 2 lone pairs of electrons, but since we are asked about the entire CO2 molecule, we consider the lone pairs on both oxygen atoms together. Therefore, there are 2 lone pairs in total for the CO2 molecule.

 In summary, carbon dioxide has 4 bonding pairs of electrons (from the 2 double bonds) and 2 lone pairs of electrons (1 on each oxygen atom). This matches option b.

Answer:

a basic solution has [OH-] > [H3O+]

Explanation:

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A chemical equation is said to be balanced if the quantity of each type of atom in the reaction is the same on both the reactant and product sides. In a balanced chemical equation, the mass and the charge are both equal. Here the given equation is C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O.

This means that new products are formed due to the change in the chemical composition of the reactants.

Hence, the equation shows a chemical reaction - the breaking and forming of chemical bonds that leads to a change in the composition of matter.

1. The equation is C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O.

2. And, in the given equation CO₂ is a product.

3. In the equation, C₆H₁₂O₆ is a reactant.

4. In O₂, the type of bond that holds the two oxygen atoms together is a non-polar covalent bond.

5. In H₂O, the type of bond that holds one of the hydrogen atoms to the oxygen atom is a polar covalent bond.

6. The number of oxygen atoms on the left side of the equation is equal to the number of oxygen atoms on the right side.

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Answer:

Explanation:

In CF4 and NF3, the valence electron groups on the central C and N atoms have a tetrahedral arrangement. The shapes of the molecules are determined by the number of bonding and nonbonding of electrons: since CF4 has four bonded atom(s) and zero lone pair(s) of electrons, the shape is tetrahedral.

CF4 and NF3 have electron groups which are arranged tetrahedrally. CF4, having four bonded atoms and no lone pairs, has a tetrahedral shape. NF3, having three bonded atoms and a lone pair of electrons, has a trigonal pyramidal shape.

In CF4 (Carbon Tetrafluoride) and NF3 (Nitrogen Trifluoride), the electron groups on the central carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) atoms have a tetrahedral arrangement. The shapes of these molecules are determined by the number of lone pairs of electrons.

In CF4, there are four bonded atoms and no lone pair of electrons, thus, the shape is tetrahedral. On the other hand, in NF3, nitrogen is bonded to three fluorine atoms and has one lone pair of electrons, so it has a trigonal pyramidal shape.

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Answer:A. Increases

Explanation:

Heating or an increase in temperature increases the kinetic energy of particles thereby increasing their motion and how they relate and react with one another.

Increase in the temperature of the solvent is directly proportional to the rate of dissolution. The rate of dissolution increases due to the increase in kinetic energy. This makes the solvent particles interact faster with the solute particles thereby increasing the dissolution rate.