Mutations that neither benefit nor harm the organism have effect on the organism's survival.

Answer:

high pressure

Explanation:

Answer:

Earth's atmosphere is divided into five main layers: the exosphere, the thermosphere, the mesosphere, the stratosphere and the troposphere.

Explanation:

The Earth's atmosphere consists of five main layers: troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere. Each layer has different characteristics and functions.

The Earth's atmosphere is divided into five main layers: the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere. These layers differ in temperature, composition, and altitude. The troposphere is the layer closest to the Earth's surface, followed by the stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and finally the exosphere. Each layer plays a crucial role in regulating the Earth's climate and protecting us from harmful solar radiation.

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The higher concentrated solution is 0.250 mole LiCl dissolved in 250 ml of solution

( B).0.250mole of LiCl diluted in 250ml solution

Explanation:

Procedure to find the intensity of the solution:

To find the intensity of the solution, we have to use the following formula

M1V1=M2V2

250mL of a 0.500 M aqueous solution of LiCl is diluted with water

[tex]M1V1=(250) \times (0.500)=125M[/tex]

250 ml of a 0.250M aqueous solution of LiCl is diluted with water

[tex]M2V2=(250) \times (0.250)=62.5M[/tex]

Thus the PH level of a solution increases from ascending order, Therefore the Solution with 62.5M is a higher concentration than that of the solution with 125M.

To obtain 225g of mercury, approximately 16.54 mol of the metal must be taken.

To find the volume of mercury needed to obtain 225g of the metal, we can use the formula:

Density = Mass / Volume

Rearranging the formula to solve for Volume, we get:

Volume = Mass / Density

Plugging in the values given, we have:

Volume = 225g / 13.6g/mol = 16.54 mol

To obtain 225g of mercury, we would need a volume of approximately 16.54 mol.

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Answer:

0.5949 mol Cl2

Explanation:

1. Balance equation - that was given

2. Identify the "given" and what is being asked

-Given moles of FeCl2, Find moles of Cl2

List other known quantites - 1 mol Cl2 = 2 mol FeCl2 (given based on the equation)

3. Prepare a concept map = mol FeCl2 -> mol O2

(Equation should be set up like: 1mol Cl2/2 mol FeCl2)

4. Cancel units and calculate:

----> 1.1898 mol FeCl2 x 1 mol Cl2/2 mol FeCl2 = 0.5949 mol Cl2 will be reacted

Answer:

Using The element calcium Ca, we have

CaO

CaOH

CaCl

Explanation:

Answer:

Using magnesium, Mg

you get;

MgO,

MgOH

MgFl

Answer:

1, convergent boundary

2,divergent boundary

3, convergent boundary

4, convergent boundary

5,transform boundary

Explanation:

Convergent boundaries where two plates are colliding with each other.

Convergent boundaries where two plates are colliding. At subduction zones, the denser plate is subducted underneath the less dense plate. The plate being forced under is melted.

When two plates are moving away from each other, it is known as divergent plate boundary. Most divergent plate boundaries are formed underwater and formed oceanic spreading ridges.

Mountains are formed at convergent plate boundaries. At convergent boundary at which two plates are moving towards one another.

Destructive or convergent plate boundaries at which the tectonic plates are moving towards each other. Volcanoes form at convergent plate boundaries.

When plates move apart from each other at divergent boundaries, magma from the mantle reaches to the surface of Earth and new crust forms. When plates move toward each other at convergent boundaries, volcanoes, mountains, and trenches formed.

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Answer: D

Explanation:

A mole corresponds to the mass of a substance that contains 6.023 x 1023 particles of the substance. The mole is the SI unit for the amount of a substance. Its symbol is mol. By definition: 1 mol of carbon-12 has a mass of 12 grams and contains 6.022140857 x 1023 of carbon atoms (to 10 significant figures)

Moles are the base unit or the smallest chemical entities that are present in the molecule, atom, or compound.

The one mole of a substance is equal to the amount of substance present in the Avogadro's number of particles of the substance.

Moles can be defined as:

Thus, the correct answer is Option D.

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The formula for di-iodine pentasulfide would be I2S5.

Two (di) molecules of iodine, paired with five (penta) molecules of sulfur.

Explanation:

Molecular formula

It is the representation of molecule in terms of symbols ,states ,moles etc

. The empirical formula represents the simplest whole-integer ratio of atoms in a compound.

Molecular mass

It is the mass of any molecule .

It is also called as molar mass .

Gram molecular mass

The molecular mass represented in grams becomes : gram molecular mass .

Let us calculate the mass of ammonium hydroxide

It molecular formula is : NH₄OH

The atomic masses of Nitrogen =14 ,hydrogen =1 ,Oxygen is 16.

So, the molar mass is : 14 + 1 x 4 +16 +1 =14+4+16+1=35g

The current ratio of birds to snakes in the local desert ecosystem is 1:5, after the bird population decreased by half in the last 10 years. Hence, option C 1:5.

The original ratio of birds to snakes was 2:5. Since the bird population has halved while the snake population has remained the same, the current ratio of birds to snakes in the ecosystem is 1:5.

The frequency of the wave at the given wavelength is [tex]4.35 \times 10^{20} \ Hz[/tex].

The given parameters;

The frequency of the wave is calculated by applying wave equation as shown below;

v = fλ

where;

The frequency of the wave is calculated as follows;

[tex]f = \frac{v}{\lambda} \\\\f = \frac{3\times 10^8}{6.9 \times 10^{-13}} \\\\f = 4.35 \times 10^{20} \ Hz[/tex]

Thus, the frequency of the wave at the given wavelength is [tex]4.35 \times 10^{20} \ Hz[/tex]

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To find the frequency of a wave, you divide the speed of light by the wavelength. Using these facts, the frequency of a 6.9 x 10-13 m wave is approximately 4.3 x 1020 Hz.

The frequency of a wave can be calculated with the following equation: frequency (f) = speed of light (c)/wavelength (λ). The wavelength is provided (6.9 x 10-13 m), and we know the speed of light is approximately 3.00 x 108 m/s. Using these values, the frequency calculations would look like:

f = c/λ
= 3.00 x 108 m/s / 6.9 x 10-13 m
≈ 4.3 x 1020 Hz

So, the frequency of a 6.9 x 10-13 m wave is approximately 4.3 x 1020 Hz.

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Answer:

2 Fe(OH)3 => Fe2O3 + 3 H2O

Explanation: The coefficients are the following: 2,1,3

To balance each atom we write coefficients.

Reactant Product

Fe 2 2

O 6 6

H 6 6

Final answer:

To balance the equation Fe(OH)3 -> Fe2O3 + H2O, place a coefficient of 2 before Fe(OH)3 and a coefficient of 3 before H2O resulting in 2 Fe(OH)3 -> Fe2O3 + 3 H2O, ensuring both sides have equal numbers of each atom.

Explanation:

To balance the chemical equation for the decomposition of iron(III) hydroxide into iron(III) oxide and water, we need to ensure that the number of atoms of each element is the same on both sides of the equation. Start with the original unbalanced equation: Fe(OH)3 → Fe2O3 + H2O.

Count the number of Fe, O, and H atoms on each side of the equation.

Balance the Fe atoms by placing a coefficient of 2 before Fe(OH)3 on the left side: 2 Fe(OH)3 → Fe2O3 + H2O.

Balance the oxygen atoms by placing a coefficient of 3 before H2O on the right side: 2 Fe(OH)3 → Fe2O3 + 3 H2O.

Balance the hydrogen atoms now, which should already be balanced if you've followed steps 1-3 correctly.

Check the balancing for both atoms and charge. Confirm that there are equal numbers of Fe, O, and H atoms on both sides.

The final balanced equation is: 2 Fe(OH)3 → Fe2O3 + 3 H2O. All atoms are balanced and coefficients are in the simplest whole-number ratio, meaning the equation is now properly balanced.

Answer: C

Explanation:

Answer:

Acceleration is :

a = 2.89 m/s2

Explanation:

Acceleration : It is the change in the velocity of the object per unit time.

The object starts from the rest , so the initial velocity of the object is zero.

Initial velocity , u = 0

Final velocity = 100 km/h

Change the velocity to m/s because[ time unit is in second(9.60 s)]

1 km = 1000 m

1 hour = 60 x 60 sec = 3600 sec

[tex]1km/h=\frac{1000}{3600}m/s[/tex]

[tex]1km/hr=\frac{5}{18}[/tex]

[tex]100km/hr=\frac{5}{18}\times 100[/tex]

[tex]v=\frac{5}{18}\times 100[/tex]

v = 27.78 m/s

u = 0 m/s

time = 9.60 s

The acceleration"a" is calculated using :

[tex]a=\frac{v-u}{t}[/tex]

[tex]a=\frac{27.78-0}{9.6}[/tex]

[tex]a=\frac{27.78}{9.6}[/tex]

[tex]a=2.89m/s^{2}[/tex]

Answer:

All chemical equations goes to the law of conservation of mass which says that matter can not be destroyed nor created which means there has to be an equal amount of atoms of each element on both sides of the equation. I hope that helps, I'm learning this as well.

Answer:

The law of conservation of mass, this is what I got correct on a test hopefully this helps Im sorry I don’t have any written proof. Please tell me if this is incorrect:)

Explanation:

An aqueous solution of NaHSO4 is acidic due to the bisulfate anion's ability to release an extra hydrogen ion into the solution, resulting in increased acidity.

An aqueous solution of NaHSO4 (sodium hydrogen sulfate) is generally acidic. This is because the NaHSO4 is a salt formed from a strong acid (H2SO4 - sulfuric acid) and a weak base. The bisulfate anion (HSO4-) can release an extra hydrogen ion (H+) into the solution, increasing the acidity. Considering the acidity of H2SO4 and the neutral nature of NaOH, NaHSO4 in water partially dissociates into Na+ and HSO4-. The Na+ does not affect the pH, but HSO4- can donate a proton (H+) to water to form H3O+ (hydronium ions) and SO4^2- (sulfate ions), making the solution acidic.

Answer: ethane

Explanation:

To determine the empirical formula of a hydrocarbon with 80% carbon and 20% hydrogen, calculate the moles of each and establish the simplest whole number ratio, which is CH₃. The molecular formula is then derived by dividing the molar mass of the compound by the empirical formula mass; since Mr is 30, the molecular formula is C₂H₆.

Determining Empirical and Molecular Formulas

To determine the empirical formula of an organic hydrocarbon compound with 80% carbon and 20% hydrogen by mass, assume a 100 g sample of the compound. This assumption simplifies the calculation because the percentages can be directly treated as grams:

80 g carbon (C)

20 g hydrogen (H)

Next, convert these masses into moles based on the atomic masses of carbon and hydrogen (approximately 12.01 g/mol for C and 1.01 g/mol for H):

Carbon: 80 g C ÷ 12.01 g/mol C = approximately 6.66 mol C

Hydrogen: 20 g H ÷ 1.01 g/mol H = approximately 19.80 mol H

Divide the moles of each element by the smallest number of moles to get a ratio:

Ratio of C:H = 6.66 mol C : 19.80 mol H = 1:3

So, the empirical formula is CH₃.

Next, to find the molecular formula, we need to use the given molar mass (Mr) of the compound, which is 30 g/mol. Since the empirical formula mass of CH₃ is about 15.03 g/mol (12.01 for C + 3 × 1.01 for H), we divide the molar mass of the compound by the empirical formula mass:

30 g/mol ÷ 15.03 g/mol

This gives us a ratio of approximately 2, suggesting that the molecular formula is twice that of the empirical formula. Therefore, the molecular formula is C₂H₆.

Answer:

Hydrogen and Oxygen.

Explanation:

The most abundant element in the universe is the Hydrogen which 75% of the universe and remaining 25% is covered by the Helium. The Oxygen is the third most abundant element of the Universe as its mainly found only on the planet earth and the scientists are still finding oxygen in the outer earth.

On the Earth, the most abundant element in the crust is Oxygen which covers 46.6% of the total elements in the crust and the element abundant after oxygen in the earth crust is the Silicon with 27.7%

For Human body, the most abundant element is the Oxygen which Includes 65% of the total body weight.

So, the Hydrogen and Oxygen are the two most abundant element of the Universe also vital elements of the human body.

Answer: chlorine

Explanation:

its the most up and right on the periodic table

Fluorine (F) has the smallest atomic radius among the options given, as its higher effective nuclear charge and position in the periodic table leads to a stronger attraction of electrons to the nucleus.

To determine which element has the smallest atomic radius among fluorine (F), iodine (I), chlorine (Cl), and bromine (Br), we should look at their positions on the periodic table. Atomic radii decrease across a period from left to right due to the increase in the number of protons in the nucleus, which attracts the electron cloud more strongly. Also, atomic radii increase as we move down a group because additional electron shells are added which are farther from the nucleus.

Given this information, among the elements listed, fluorine (F) has the smallest atomic radius because it is higher up and farther to the right on the periodic table as compared to the other halogens (Cl, Br, and I). This placement indicates that fluorine has a greater effective nuclear charge (denoted as 'valence Z*'), which results in a stronger attraction of valence electrons to the nucleus, leading to the smaller atomic radius mentioned in Answer 6.

As an example, which is provided in the reference information under 'Check Your Learning,' an atom smaller than fluorine (F) could be helium (He), which has fewer electron shells and is also to the right of fluorine in the periodic table, within the noble gases.

The problem requires using the combined gas law, which involves an equation relating pressures, volumes, and temperatures of a gas sample. By converting temperatures to Kelvin and using given pressure and volume values, we can solve for the final volume.

The question involves using the combined gas law to calculate the new volume of a gas given changes in temperature and pressure. To find the volume the gas would occupy at 250°C and 680 mm Hg pressure, we use the formula:

V2 = (P1 × V1 × T2) / (P2 × T1)

First, we need to convert the temperatures from Celsius to Kelvin:

Now we plug the values into the combined gas law equation:

V2 = (740 mm Hg × 410 mL × 523.15 K) / (680 mm Hg × 300.15 K)

After doing the math, you can find the final volume, V2, in milliliters (mL).

Answer: The statement is false

Explanation:

Electrons occupy a region in atoms known as orbitals or subs hell.  These orbitals include

I) S-orbital: it can occupy a maximum of two electrons

II) P-orbital: It occupies a maximum of six electrons

III) D-orbital: it occupies a maximum of ten electrons

F and G-orbitals as examples of other orbitals present.

A good illustration of the 6 electrons occupied by the P-subshell is seen in Sodium (Na) with atomic number of 11

Na = 1s2, 2S2 2p6, 3s1

Note: extra electrons are transferred to the next orbital

Answer:

Approximately "15.2" grams of  potassium chloride are produced if 25.0 grams of  potassium chlorate decompose

Explanation:

The key to chemistry is to change everything to moles. Then when you have the answer in moles change the answer back to grams, liters, or whatever you want.

change 25 grams of potassium chlorate to moles.

calculate the gram molecular mass of potassium chlorate.

Chlorate is Cl with 3 oxygens. ate = saturated.

Chlorine has seven valance electrons when it is saturated six of these electrons are used by oxygen ( 2 electrons per oxygen) leaving only 1 electron.

                    1 K x 39 [tex]\frac{grams}{mole}[/tex]       = 39

                  [tex]Cl^{+1}[/tex] x 35.4  [tex]\frac{grams}{mole}[/tex] =35.4

                  [tex]O^{+3}[/tex] x 16  [tex]\frac{grams}{mole}[/tex]      = 16

                 = 122.4  [tex]\frac{grams}{mole}[/tex] Potassium Chlorate

                   = [tex]\frac{25}{122.4}moles[/tex]

2.05 moles of Potassium Chlorate.

There is a 1:1 mole ratio. 1 mole of Potassium Chlorate will produce 1 mole of Potassium Chloride.

2.05 moles of Potassium Chlorate will produce 2.05 moles of Potassium Chloride.

 the gram molecular mass of Potassium Chloride.

                         1 K x 39 = 39

                   [tex]Cl^{+1}[/tex]x 35.4 = 35.4

                                      = 74.4  [tex]\frac{grams}{mole}[/tex]

2.05 moles x 74.4  [tex]\frac{grams}{mole}[/tex]= 15.2 grams

Therefore, "15.2" grams of  potassium chloride are produced if 25.0 grams of  potassium chlorate decompose.

Answer:15 g KCl

Explanation: 2KCl3->2KCl+3O2

Answer:

As the difference in electronegativity between two atoms decreases, the tendency for the formation of covalent bonds "increases"

Explanation:

Electronegativity being a chemical property which tells us about the tendency about the atom in order to fascinate the shared pair of the electron towards itself. It is being pretentious by atomic number and the distance as well, by the help of which the valence electrons resides from the charged nucleus. In the scale Pauling scale is used. Being the most electronegative element fluorine is counted. The more the electronegativity, the more electrons will fascinate towards itself.

Final answer:

The ratio of Al³⁺ ions to S²⁻ ions in the neutral compound is 2:3, as two Al³⁺ ions balance the charge of three S²⁻ ions to achieve neutrality.

Explanation:

The question is asking about the ratio of ions in a neutral compound, specifically between [tex]AI^{3+}[/tex] ions and [tex]S^{2-}[/tex] ions. The given information suggests that we have a compound with a formula indicating these ions are in a 2:3 ratio. To achieve neutrality, the total positive charge must balance with the total negative charge. Aluminum ions have a charge of +3 ( [tex]AI^{3+}[/tex] ), and sulfur ions have a charge of -2 (S²⁻). Therefore, we need two aluminum ions to balance three sulfur ions, resulting in the formula [tex]AI_{2} S_{3}[/tex]. Even though the provided information hints at a more complex compound with oxygen involved ([tex]AI_{2} S_{3} O_{12}[/tex]), the basic ratio between aluminum and sulfur ions remains 2:3 in the simpler formula [tex]AI_{2} S_{3}[/tex].

Answer:

Four

Explanation:

The electron dot diagram of elements or ions depict only the valence electrons. Carbon has atomic number of 6. The first shell has 2 electrons and gets filled. The second shell is filled by the remaining four electrons.The 4 electrons of the valence shell is shown in the electron dot diagram.

Answer:

[tex]1.9 \times 10^{23} molecules[/tex] of [tex]PF_5[/tex] are found in 39.5 grams of [tex]PF_5[/tex].

Explanation:

Atomic weights : P= 31, F= 19,

molar mass of = 1 atomic weight of P+ 5 atomic weight of

 F= 31+5 [tex]\times[/tex] 19

= 31+95

 =126 g/mole

moles in 39.5 gm of

= [tex]\frac{Mass}{Molar mass}[/tex]

 = [tex]\frac{39.5}{126}moles[/tex]

 =0.3134 moles

1 mole of any substance contains

0.3131 moles contains 0.3134  

 [tex]= 1.9 \times 10^{23} molecules[/tex]

Therefore, [tex]1.9 \times 10^{23} molecules[/tex] of [tex]PF_5[/tex] are found in 39.5 grams of [tex]PF_5[/tex].

In 39.5 grams of PF5, there are approximately 1.86 x 10^23 molecules. This is calculated by first finding the number of moles of PF5 in 39.5 grams, and then multiplying this by Avogadro's number.

To calculate the number of molecules in a specified mass of a compound, you have to first calculate the molar mass of the compound. In this case, the molar mass of PF5 (Phosphorus pentafluoride) is approximately 127.96 g/mol. So in 39.5 grams of PF5, there are 39.5g / 127.96 g/mol = 0.309 moles of PF5.

Avogadro's number, which is 6.022 x 10^23, tells us the number of particles (atoms, molecules, ions etc) in one mole of a substance. Therefore, to find the number of molecules in 0.309 moles of PF5, we multiply 0.309 moles by Avogadro's number.

This gives us a final answer of approximately 1.86 x 10^23 molecules of PF5 in 39.5g of PF5.

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Explanation:

Chemical reaction

When two or more substances react and form some new substance it is called as chemical reaction .

A + B --> C + D

(reactants )   (products )

When ever chemical reaction occurs following changes can occur :

On the basis of energy changes : reactions are of two types :

Endothermic

Exothermic

Endothermic reaction

A reaction in which heat is absorbed .

Example :½N2(g) + O2(g) + 8.1 kcal → NO2(g)

Exothermic reaction

A reaction in which heat is released .

For example : H2(g) + ½O2(g) → H2O(g), ΔH = -57.82 kcal

½N2(g) + 3/2H2(g) → NH3(g) + 11.0 kcal

C(diamond) + O2(g) → CO2, ΔH = -94.50 kcal

Final answer:

The reactions ½N2(g) + O2(g) + 8.1 kcal → NO2(g) and ½N2(g) + 3/2H2(g) → NH3(g) + 11.0 kcal are endothermic because they absorb heat, as indicated by their positive ΔH values.

Explanation:

To determine whether a chemical reaction is exothermic or endothermic, we need to look at the heat term (ΔH) associated with the reaction. An exothermic reaction releases heat and therefore has a negative ΔH value. An endothermic reaction absorbs heat and has a positive ΔH value.

In the examples provided:

Therefore, the reactions ½N2(g) + O2(g) + 8.1 kcal → NO2(g) and ½N2(g) + 3/2H2(g) → NH3(g) + 11.0 kcal are both endothermic reactions.