multiple choices
Select all the correct answers.

What are some applications of fission reactions?

A)as a zero-waste energy source

B) for generating large amounts of heat

C) for creating stable elements from unstable ones

D) for creating new, heavier elements

E)as the energy source in nuclear weapons

Do you have an attachment with the possible answers? If not, In would go with (NH4)3PO4.

Answer: (1) Nuclear reactions involve a change in an atom's nucleus, usually producing a different element.  Chemical reactions, on the other hand, involve only a rearrangement of electrons and do not involve changes in the nuclei.

(2) Rates of chemical reactions are influenced by temperature and catalysts.  Rates of nuclear reactions are unaffected by such factors.

(3) Nuclear reactions are independent of the chemical form of the element.

A nuclear reaction involves changes in the nucleus of an atom and can change the type of atom, while a chemical reaction involves only the outer electrons of atoms and doesn't alter the atom's identity.

The main difference between a nuclear reaction and a chemical reaction lies in the parts of the atom each affects. A nuclear reaction involves changes in the nucleus of an atom, such as the splitting of a nucleus in fission or the combination of nuclei in fusion. These reactions can result in a change in the type of atom, or transmutation.

On the other hand, a chemical reaction involves only the outer electrons of atoms. These reactions, such as burning or oxidizing, usually involve rearranging atoms into new molecules but do not change the identities of the atoms themselves.

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Answer:

it increases

Explanation:

Answer:

The cations of the same charge increase in radius as you move down a column in the periodic table.

Explanation:

Moving down a column in the periodic table means to increase the main energy level and keeping the number of electrons in the outermost shell (the number of valence electrons).

The metals (elements in the left side of the periodic table) form positive ions, named cations, when they lose one or more valence electrons.

To depict this more clearly, consider, for example, the column 1 in the periodic table, which is the group of alkal metals: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, and Fr.

As you move down that column you ge the following results

Element     Period                          Number of                   Main cation

                  (main energy level)     valence electrons

Li                 2                                   1                                    Li⁺

Na               3                                   1                                    Na⁺

K                  4                                   1                                   K⁺

Rb                5                                   1                                   Rb⁺

Cs                6                                   1                                   Cs⁺

Fr                 7                                   1                                    Fr⁺

Then, in the last column of the previous table, you see that all the cations have the same charge, because each one is formed after lossing the same number of electrons from the neutral atom (1).

Since, as you move down the column in the periodic table, the valence electrons are in higher main energy levels, which means that the size of both the neutral atom and the and the resultant cation formed after losing the valence electron are bigger than the cation of the previous level. Hence, as a general rule, the radius of the cations of the same charge increase as you move down a colum in the periodic table.

Cations of the same charge increase in radius as you move down a column in the periodic table due to the addition of electron shells, which results in a larger atomic radius for each successive element.

As you move down a column in the periodic table, cations of the same charge typically increase in radius. This trend is due to the addition of electron shells as you go from one period to the next. For example, considering the alkali metal group, a lithium cation (Li+) is smaller than a sodium cation (Na+), which in turn is smaller than a potassium cation (K+), and so on. Each atom down the group has an additional electron shell, which increases the distance between the nucleus and the outer electrons, resulting in a larger atomic radius, despite the positive charge remaining the same.

The increase in atomic radius as you move down a group is a predictable trend across the periodic table. This phenomenon is observed regardless of whether the element forms a cation or an anion, but the question specifically refers to cations. The trend is useful for predicting the physical and chemical properties of ions in various compounds.

Answer:

2 Mixtures are homogeneous while compounds are heterogeneous.

Explanation:

Mixtures are often described in chemistry as impure substances. They have the following properties:

Answer:

The immune system uses white blood cells and antibodies to identify and eliminate organisms that get through the body's natural barriers.

Explanation:

When the immune system is weakened by the virus, the body is especially susceptible to infections by what are usually harmless pathogens because of the reduction of a specific group of T cells. Due to the lack of T cells, the immune system has difficulties properly coordinating the fight against the pathogens in the tissue. This is when white blood cells and antibodies begin their attack. Then the immune system can fight against the infection on all fronts.

White Blood Cell- a colorless cell that circulates in the blood and body fluids and is involved in counteracting foreign substances and disease; a white (blood) cell. There are several types, all amoebic cells with a nucleus, including lymphocytes, granulates, monocles, and macrophages.

Antibodies- a blood protein produced in response to and counteracting a specific antigen. Antibodies combine chemically with substances which the body recognizes as alien, such as bacteria, viruses, and foreign substances in the blood.

Answer:

Replacing the powdered lead oxide with large crystals

Explanation:

The large crystals have less surface area exposed to the other reagents than the powdered  lead oxide. High surface area leads to a high rate of reaction thus the products are formed faster, while a low surface area leads to a lower rate of reaction since the reagent is less exposed to the other reagents.

Answer:

Replacing the powdered lead oxide with its large crystals

Explanation:

Powdered lead (IV) oxide has larger surface area than its crystal form. Surface area increases the rate of the reaction. Larger the surface larger is the effective collision thereby faster reaction completion.

Using large of crystals of lead (IV) oxide is likely to decrease the rate of formation of the products.

Answer:

Explanation:

Arrhenius defined an acid as a substance that interacts with water to produce excess hydrogen ions in aqueous solution.

A base is a substance which interacts with water to yield excess hydroxide ions, in an aqueous solution according to Arrhenius.

Bronsted-Lowry theory defined an acid as a proton donor while a base is a proton acceptor.

Final answer:

The Arrhenius definition classifies substances as acids or bases based on their ability to produce hydronium or hydroxide ions in aqueous solution, while the BrØnsted-Lowry definition is broader and is based on the ability to donate or accept protons (H+), not limited to aqueous solutions.

Explanation:

Arrhenius vs. BrØnsted-Lowry Acid-Base Definitions

The chemical definition of acids and bases according to Arrhenius involves the production of ions in aqueous solutions. An Arrhenius acid is a substance that when dissolved in water increases the concentration of hydronium ions (H₃O+), typically through the dissociation of hydrogen ions (H+), while an Arrhenius base is a substance that produces hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved in water. However, the Arrhenius definition is limited as it only considers aqueous solutions.

On the other hand, the BrØnsted-Lowry definitions, proposed in 1923, offer a broader understanding of acid-base chemistry. A BrØnsted-Lowry acid is any substance capable of donating a proton (H+), and a BrØnsted-Lowry base is any substance capable of accepting a proton. This definition includes but is not limited to water as a solvent, thereby expanding the number of substances that can be classified as acids or bases.

Thus, while all substances that are classified as acids and bases under the Arrhenius definition are also acids and bases under the BrØnsted-Lowry definitions, the reverse is not true. The BrØnsted-Lowry theory broadens the scope to include compounds that do not necessarily produce hydroxide ions but can still accept protons, such as ammonia (NH3).

we can differentiate a heterozygous individual from a homozygote by analyzing their alleles. If the alleles in the homologous chromosomes are the same, we say that it is a homozygote. If the alleles are different, the individual is heterozygous.

Homozygous refers to when an organism has two identical alleles for a trait which could be both dominant or recessive, whereas heterozygous refers to an organism that has two different alleles for a trait (one dominant and one recessive). The dominant trait typically shows in heterozygous individuals.

The primary difference between heterozygous and homozygous is in the genetic information each term represents. To put simply, homozygous refers to a state where an individual has two identical alleles for a specific trait. These alleles can either be both dominant or both recessive. For instance, if an individual has two dominant (AA) or two recessive (aa) alleles, they are considered homozygous.

On the other hand, heterozygous refers to an individual having two different alleles for a specific trait, one dominant and one recessive. An example would be having an allele for a trait denoted as (Aa). The presence of one dominant allele typically results in the manifestation of the dominant trait, overshadowing the recessive trait. Hence, the expression of the trait in a heterozygous individual usually reflects the dominant allele.

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4748 J heat is required to raise the temperature of 150g of ice from -30°C to -15°C.

The specific heat capacity is defined as the quantity of heat (J) absorbed per unit mass (kg) of the material when its temperature increases by 1 K (or 1 °C), and its units are J/(kg K) or J/(kg °C).

Given data :

[tex]T_1[/tex] = -30°C

[tex]T_2[/tex] = -15°C

Use the formula:

Q = mCΔT

Mass of gasoline= 150 g

Specific heat capacity of ice = 2.108 J/g °C.

ΔT = -30 + 15

= 15 °C

Then substitute each given to the formula.

Q = 150 g X 2.108 J/g °C X 15 °C

= 4748 J

Hence, 4748 J  heat is required to raise the temperature of 150g of ice from -30°C to -15°C.

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Answer:

The number at the end of an isotope's name is the (C.) mass number.

The electronic configuration of [tex]Cr\(^{2+}\)[/tex] is [tex]\([Ar] \, 3d^4\)[/tex], and there are 4 electrons in the 3d subshell with an [tex]\(n+1\)[/tex] value equal to 3.

The electronic configuration of chromium [tex](\(Z = 24\))[/tex] in its ground state is [tex]\([Ar] 4s^2 3d^4\).[/tex] When chromium ionizes to form [tex]Cr\(^{2+}\)[/tex], it loses two electrons. The electronic configuration of [tex]Cr\(^{2+}\)[/tex] can be determined by removing two electrons from the outermost shell:

[tex]\[ [Ar] \, 3d^4 \][/tex]

In the case of the [tex]Cr\(^{2+}\)[/tex] ion, the 3d subshell is now fully filled, as it contains 4 electrons. The loss of two electrons leads to a stable electron configuration with a filled 3d subshell.

To predict the number of electrons having an [tex]\(n+1\)[/tex] value equal to 3, we look at the electronic configuration. In the 3d subshell, the [tex]\(n+1\)[/tex] value is 4. Therefore, there are 4 electrons in the 3d subshell of [tex]Cr\(^{2+}\)[/tex] that contribute to the [tex]\(n+1\)[/tex] value equal to 3.

In summary, the electronic configuration of [tex]Cr\(^{2+}\)[/tex] is [tex]\([Ar] \, 3d^4\)[/tex], and there are 4 electrons in the 3d subshell with an [tex]\(n+1\)[/tex] value equal to 3.

Answer:

Explanation:

Photosynthesis is the chemical process carried out by plants for the conversion of inorganic matter (carbon dioxide and water) into organic matter (glucose) with the release of oxygen, using light (sun energy).

So the chemical process may be represented by:

        carbon dioxide + water + sun energy → glucose + oxygen

       CO₂ + H₂O + sun energy → C₆H₁₂O₆ + O₂

       6CO₂ + 6H₂O + sun energy → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂

        6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂

Photosynthesis is represented by the equation 6CO₂ + 6H₂O --> C6H12O6 + 6O₂. This complex process involves multiple stages and intermediate reactions that collectively result in the production of glucose and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water.

The equation representing photosynthesis is 6CO₂ + 6H₂O --> C6H12O6 + 6O₂. This shows how carbon dioxide and water, in the presence of sunlight, are transformed into glucose (a type of sugar) and oxygen. This process, however, is quite complex and occurs in multiple stages, involving intermediate reactions and products.

There are two major phases in photosynthesis. The first is the light-dependent reactions which happen only in the presence of sunlight. The second phase is the light-independent reactions, also known as the Calvin Cycle. The overall equation for photosynthesis is a representation of a redox reaction, where carbon dioxide is reduced and water is oxidized, producing glucose and oxygen.

Though this equation may look simple, photosynthesis actually involves a series of complex biochemical reactions. In conclusion, the correct representation amongst the given options is 6CO₂ + 6H₂O --> C6H12O6 + 6O₂ .

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In a neutralization reaction with HCl and NaOH, the molarity of HCl at half-neutralization is calculated to be 0.05 M. Moles of HCl and NaOH are used in calculations from molarity and volume, taking into account the fact that half the acid is neutralized.

In a neutralization reaction, HCl is neutralized by NaOH. In this case, 200 ml of 0.2 M HCl is neutralized with 0.1 M NaOH. To calculate molarity during half neutralization, it is essential to remember that the number of moles of HCl will be half of the original amount as half the acid has been neutralized. Also, the total volume is the sum of the half-neutralized 200 ml HCl and volume of NaOH used for this half neutralization.

For half neutralization, moles of HCl = Molarity of HCl * Volume of solution / 2. This gives us 0.2 M * 0.2 L / 2 = 0.02 moles. According to stoichiometry of the reaction, equal moles of NaOH are required for neutralization, which gives Volume of NaOH = Moles of NaOH / Molarity of NaOH = 0.02 moles / 0.1 M = 0.2L. Total volume after half neutralization = Volume of HCl + Volume of NaOH = 0.2L + 0.2L = 0.4L. Thus, the molarity of HCl is Moles of HCl / Total Volume = 0.02 moles / 0.4L = 0.05 M. So the correct option is C. 0.05 M.

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Answer:

[tex]\boxed{\textbf{Mass of ore = 26.7 kg}}[/tex]

Explanation:

1. Calculate the mass of Ca₃(PO₄)₂

1 mol (310.18 g) of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ contains 61.95 g of P

[tex]\text{Mass of Ca$_{3}$(PO$_{4}$)$_{2}$} = \text{3.53 kg P} \times \dfrac{\text{310.18 kg Ca$_{3}$(PO$_{4}$)$_{2}$}}{\text{61.95 kg P}}\\\\= \text{17.67 kg Ca$_{3}$(PO$_{4}$)$_{2}$}[/tex]

2. Calculate the mass of ore

[tex]\text{Mass of ore} = \text{17.67 kg Ca$_{3}$(PO4$_{4}$)$_{2}$} \times \dfrac{\text{100 kg ore}}{\text{66.1kg Ca$_{3}$(PO4$_{4}$)$_{2}$} } = \textbf{26.7 kg ore}\\\\\boxed{\textbf{Mass of ore = 26.7 kg}}[/tex]

Answer:

Two of the most important characteristics of seawater are temperature and salinity – together they control its density, which is the major factor governing the vertical movement of ocean waters. The temperature of seawater is fixed at the sea surface by heat exchange with the atmosphere.

Explanation:

plz mark as brainliest..

Answer:

P1/T1 = P2/T2

772torr / 295K = P2 / 451K

P2 = 1180.2torr

Explanation:

The pressure inside a jar after it's been heated to 178°C is 1180.2 torr.

The ideal gas equation, pV = nRT, is an equation used to calculate either the pressure, volume, temperature or number of moles of a gas.

Given data:

[tex]P_1[/tex]=772torr

[tex]T_1[/tex]=295K

[tex]P_2[/tex]=?

[tex]T_2[/tex]=451K

Applying formula:

[tex]\frac{P_1}{T_1} = \frac{P_2}{T_2}[/tex]

[tex]\frac{772torr}{295K} =\frac{P_2}{ 451K}[/tex]

P2 = 1180.2torr

Hence, the pressure inside a jar after it's been heated to 178°C is 1180.2 torr.

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Answer: The number written at the end of isotope is named as mass number.

Explanation:

Isotopes are defined as the chemical species of the same element which differ from its mass number. These species have same number of protons but have different number of neutrons among them.

For Example: The isotope of carbon which is C-14

Here, C represents the symbol of the element and the number represents the mass number of the element.

Hence, the number written at the end of isotope is named as mass number.

Answer: through your diet

It is approximately 400 - 700 nanometres.

Hope this helps.

r3t40

Answer:

A) 1 × 10–7 m

Explanation:

Hello,

Visible light is characterized by the formation of the colors we can see, in fact, that is why it is called visible light. Moreover, the wavelength regarding it is about 100 nm which are equal to:

[tex]100nm*\frac{1m}{1x10^9nm}=1x10^{-7}m[/tex]

Thus, the answer is A) 1 × 10–7 m.

Best regards.

Answer:

Mixture

Explanation:

- Can be separated by physical means

-  Does not have fixed ratios between components

Edu 2020

The reduction potential of the hydrogen electrode at pH 5.65 relative to SHE is approximately [tex]\(-0.07844 \, \text{V}\)[/tex].

The reduction potential of a hydrogen electrode at standard pressure (1 atm) and pH 0 is defined as [tex]\(0 \, \text{V}\)[/tex] relative to the Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE).

However, when the pH is not at the standard value of 0, the reduction potential of the hydrogen electrode changes. The Nernst equation can be used to calculate the reduction potential E of the hydrogen electrode at a non-standard pH:

[tex]\[ E = E^\circ - \frac{0.0592}{n} \times \log\left(\frac{[\text{H}^+]}{[\text{H}^+]^\circ}\right) \][/tex]

Where:

- [tex]\( E^\circ \)[/tex] is the standard reduction potential of the hydrogen electrode relative to SHE (0 V).

- n is the number of moles of electrons transferred in the half-reaction (for hydrogen, n = 2.

- [tex]\( [\text{H}^+] \)[/tex] is the concentration of hydrogen ions [tex](\( \text{H}^+ \))[/tex] in the solution (in mol/L).

- [tex]\( [\text{H}^+]^\circ \)[/tex] is the standard concentration of hydrogen ions (which is [tex]\( 1 \times 10^{-7} \, \text{M} \)[/tex] for pH 0).

- [tex]\( 0.0592 \)[/tex] is the value of the natural logarithm of 10 at 25°C.

Given that the pH is 5.65, we can calculate the concentration of hydrogen ions using the relationship:

[tex]\[ [\text{H}^+] = 10^{-\text{pH}} \][/tex]

Substitute the given values into the equation and solve for E:

[tex]\[ E = 0 \, \text{V} - \frac{0.0592}{2} \times \log\left(\frac{10^{-5.65}}{10^{-7}}\right) \][/tex]

[tex]\[ E = -0.0296 \times \log\left(\frac{10^{-5.65}}{10^{-7}}\right) \][/tex]

[tex]\[ E = -0.0296 \times \log\left(10^{2.65}\right) \][/tex]

[tex]\[ E = -0.0296 \times 2.65 \][/tex]

[tex]\[ E \approx -0.07844 \, \text{V} \][/tex]

Therefore, the reduction potential of the hydrogen electrode at pH 5.65 relative to SHE is approximately [tex]\(-0.07844 \, \text{V}\)[/tex].

Answer:

[tex]\rm C_{3}H_{8}O_{3}(aq)[/tex]

Explanation:

Glycerol is a covalent molecule. The major species in an aqueous solution will be hydrated glycerol molecules.

[tex]\rm C_{3}H_{8}O_{3}(l) \longrightarrow \, C_{3}H_{8}O_{3}(aq)[/tex]

The major species present when glycerol is dissolved in water are glycerol molecules (C₃H₈O₃), hydronium ions (H₃O+) and hydroxide ions (OH⁻).

When glycerol (C₃H₈O₃) is dissolved in water, it undergoes complete ionization.

Glycerol is a polyol compound that is soluble in water, and it forms hydrogen bonds with water molecules.

The major species present when glycerol is dissolved in water are:

The overall equation for the ionization of glycerol in water can be represented as:

C₃H₈O₃ + H₂O ⇌ C₃H₇O₃⁻  + H₃O⁺

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The Henry's law constant for radon in water at 30 °C is calculated using the given solubility of 7.27×10⁻³M at 1 atm pressure, resulting in a value of 7.27×10⁻³ M/atm.

The student has asked for the Henry's law constant for radon in water at 30 °C given the solubility of radon is 7.27×10⁻³M with a pressure of 1 atm of the gas over the water. Henry's law states that the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the pressure of the gas above the liquid. The Henry's law constant (kH) can be calculated using the formula Cg = kHPg, where Cg is the concentration of the gas in solution (molarity), and Pg is the partial pressure of the gas.

Given that the solubility (Cg) is 7.27×10⁻³M and the pressure (Pg) is 1 atm, the Henry's law constant for radon can be calculated as follows:
kH = Cg/Pg = 7.27×10⁻³ M / 1 atm = 7.27×10⁻³ M/atm.

Final answer:

The Henry's law constant for radon in water at 30 °C is calculated using the formula k = S / P, where S is the solubility and P is the pressure. Given the solubility of 7.27×10⁻³ M at 1 atm pressure, the Henry's law constant is 7.27×10⁻³ M/atm.

Explanation:

The question asks for the Henry's law constant for radon in water at 30 °C, given the solubility of radon in water under 1 atm pressure at that temperature. According to Henry's Law, at a constant temperature, the solubility of a gas (S) in a liquid is directly proportional to the pressure of the gas above the liquid (P). The Henry's law constant (k) can be calculated using the formula k = S / P. In this case, the solubility (S) is given as 7.27×10⁻³ M and the pressure (P) is 1 atm. Therefore, the Henry's law constant for radon in water at 30 °C is k = 7.27×10⁻³ M/atm.

Answer:

Explanation:

When the nucleus of an atom captures and electron, such electron combines with a proton and forms a neutron. Thus, the mass number remains the same (just a proton has been converted into a neutron) but the atomic number (the number of protons) decrease in one.

Then, the daughter nuclide will have the same mass number and the atomic number reduced in one.

The given parent isotope is    [tex]^{35}_{17}Cl[/tex],    which means that it has these features:

And the daughter nuclide after the electron capture will be:

          [tex]^{35}_{16}S[/tex]

Hence, the answer is the third choice.

Final answer:

The daughter nuclide from electron capture by 35Cl is 35S

Explanation:

When an atom undergoes electron capture, an electron from an inner shell combines with a proton in the nucleus, resulting in the conversion of a proton to a neutron.

For the given question, electron capture by 3517Cl results in the formation of a daughter nuclide with an atomic number one less than that of chlorine (16) and the same mass number.

Therefore, the daughter nuclide after electron capture by 3517Cl is 3516S.

The spectral data for C4H8O with 1H NMR and IR spectra is indicative of an aldehyde or ketone functional group, but the exact structure requires additional information.

The given spectral data for C4H8O includes: 1H NMR showing a triplet at 1.05 ppm (3H), a singlet at 2.13 ppm (3H), and a quartet at 2.47 ppm (2H). The IR spectrum shows a strong peak near 1700 cm-1.

The 1H NMR data indicates the presence of a methyl group (triplet at 1.05 ppm), a possible methyl or methoxy group (singlet at 2.13 ppm), and a methylene group (quartet at 2.47 ppm). The strong IR band near 1700 cm-1 suggests the presence of a carbonyl group. Considering the molecular formula C4H8O, these data best correspond to the presence of an aldehyde or a ketone. However, the specific structure cannot be precisely determined without more information. The presence of the carbonyl functional group is indicated by the IR data, and the NMR data give clues about the types of hydrogen environments present in the molecule.

Answer:

True

Explanation:

When an atom has lost an electron, the overall charge is going to be positive

( + ) because there is more protons than electrons rather than a normal atom where the protons equal the number of electrons which means the overall charge is 0 since the protons cancel out the electrons but in this atom the protons is greater than the electrons so the charge is positive

Answer:

True.

Explanation:

Electrons have 1 negative charge  so when a neutral atom loses 2 electrons it will have a charge of 2+.

Answer:

It is always less than the theoretical yield

Explanation:

For many chemical reactions, the actual yield is usually less than the theoretical yield. This is due to possible loss in the process or inefficiency of the chemical reaction.

Answer:

It is always less than the theoretical yield.

Explanation:

Theoretical yield is obtained from stoichiometry calculation of a balanced equation. Actual yield is the amount of product formed from a reaction. Percentage yield is the ratio of actual yield to the theoretical yield of a product. Percentage yield is never 100 % or greater than 100%. Therefore,  Actual yield of a product always less than the theoretical yield.

Answer:

8/3 hours

Explanation:

12.5/100=1/8, 1/8*2=2/8=1/4 1/4*2=1/2 1/2*2 = 1 (whole)

we multiplyed 1/8 by two three times to get 1 so 8/3 hours is the answer

by the way i'm in 6th grade

PbSO4 (lead sulfate), Pb (lead), and H2SO4 (sulfuric acid) are chemicals used in a dry cell, which is a type of electrochemical cell. The correct option is A

What is dry cell ?

In portable electronics like flashlights, remote controls, and other battery-operated devices, dry cells are frequently utilized. They are known as "dry" cells because they often use solid or gel-like electrolytes, which are more convenient and less likely to leak than liquid electrolytes in wet cells

The dry cell's ability to produce electric current is due to the chemical interactions between PbSO4, Pb, and H2SO4. The remaining choices (primary battery, salt bridge, and automotive battery, respectively) are not directly connected to these particular chemicals.

Therefore, Option A is correct.

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