Answer:
Following incubation, the most digestion of egg albumin (protein) in exercise "B" occurred in tube 2. This shows that the enzyme pepsin has both a pH optimum (acidic) and a temperature optimum (37C).
The concept of natural selection is a mechanism of evolution where environmental pressures select for phenotypes that exist in populations based on genetic variation. Which process below would not contribute to the genetic variation in a population of mice?
A) mitotic growth
B) sexual reproduction
C) mutations resulting from errors in DNA synthesis
D) crossing over of homologous chromosomes during meiosis
Answer:
Mitotic growth
Explanation:
Mitosis produces two identical daughter cells, which should have no new diversity as a result. Meiosis (including crossing over), sexual reproduction (including fertilization), and mutations (from changes to the DNA) all contribute to genetic diversity and new phenotypes.
The concept of natural selection is based on genetic variation so mitotic growth would not contribute to the genetic variation in a population of mice. Hence option 4 is the correct option.
What is mitotic growth?At the time of mitosis, a cell duplicates all of its contents, including its chromosomes, and splits to form two identical daughter cells without variation.
The concept of natural selection is a mechanism of evolution where environmental pressures select for phenotypes that exist in populations based on genetic variation is a property of meiosis or physical reproduction.It allows genetic variation by a process of gene shuffling which happens when the cells are dividing. Where the sperm and egg cells unite, and contribute 23 chromosomes each to result an embryo.
Hence, as mitotic growth does not show genetic variation, option 4 is the correct option.
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When viral DNA combines with the host cell's DNA, the viral DNA becomes a
Answer:
Prophage
Explanation:
Prophage is a viral genome (e.g. bacterihage genome) which is inserted into host genome (e.g. bacterial genome). Such integrated genome-prophage is in its latent phase, because there is no lysis or disruption of host cell. After the latent period, prophage induction occurs in which viral replication begins.
Feather color in budgies is determined by two different genes Y and B, one for pigment on the outside and one for the inside of the feather. YYBB, YyBB, or YYBb is green; yyBB or yyBb is blue; YYbb or Yybb is yellow; and yybb is white.Two blue budgies were crossed. Over the years, they produced 22 offspring, 5 of which were white. What are the most likely genotypes for the two blue budgies?a. yyBB and yyBBb. yyBB and yybbc. yyBB and yyBbd. yyBb and yybbe. yyBb and yyBb
Answer:
e. yyBb and yyBb
Explanation:
The blue budgies have the genotype either yyBB or yyBb. After their cross they produced some of the white offspring. This means that in their genotypes must be recessive alleles (because white genotype is yybb). So the genotypes of the "parents" are: yyBb and yyBb.
which statement is true of this poem?
a. the sea is personified as a female
b. each said that begins with alliteration
c. the Moon is personified as an old man
d. the sea is an idiom for reckless violence
Answer:
wrong subject but okay. The answer is (C). why?
Explanation:
Because the moon IS personified as an old man, the moon has been around for millions of years, therefore making the moon old, get it? Also post this on english or writing, not biology.
Hope you have a good day! Byeee <3333
Answer:
Its C I just did it that girl is wrong Im right.... I AM!
Explanation:
The sea is personified as a female.:333333
Much of what is known about the large-scale climatic fluctuations of the pleistocene ice age is based on analysis of __________.
a. tree growth-rings
b. documentary evidence such as journals
c. deep-sea sediment cores
d. thermometer-based records
e. none of the above is correct.
C- Deep-sea sediment cores
Hope this helps!
The first capillary bed associated with the nephron A. filters.B. reabsorbs nutrients.C. adjusts pH.D. forms urine.E. reverses the flow of blood
The first capillary bed will A. Filter out the blood
The first capillary bed associated with the nephron, the glomerulus, filters the blood. This filtrate then proceeds through the nephron where solutes are reabsorbed and wastes are secreted. Finally, urine is formed for disposal, completing the nephron's process of filtering the blood and maintaining homeostasis.
Explanation:The first capillary bed associated with the nephron, also known as the glomerulus, is primarily responsible for filtration of the blood. It forms a tuft of high-pressure capillaries where small solutes are filtered from the blood based on particle size. The filtrate, which consists of everything but the proteins, then continues to the rest of the nephron for further processing.
In the next steps, the filtrate proceeds to the renal tubules where most of the solutes are reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule through a process called tubular reabsorption. This effectively recovers most of the solutes and water, returning them to the circulation. Furthermore, additional solutes and wastes are secreted into the kidney tubules during tubular secretion, which is essentially the opposite process of tubular reabsorption.
Lastly, the nephrons form urine for disposal, effectively cleansing the blood and balancing the constituents of the circulation. They accomplish this through their three main functions: filtration, reabsorption, and secretion. Overall, their principal task is to balance the plasma to homeostatic set points and excrete potential toxins in the urine.
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Rita has finished her art project. What is a scientific question that she could ask about her art supplies?
A.
Where are the scissors put away?
B.
Why does Katie like art class?
C.
Is blue crayon prettier than red crayon?
D.
What if glue dries by itself on a piece of paper?
Answer:
Explanation:i say B hope this helps
Which of the following statements are true regarding olfaction? Check all that apply. a)Smell is a chemical sense. b)Odorant molecules dissolve in mucus before stimulating a receptor. c)Humans can only distinguish up to 200 odors. d)Olfactory receptors have hairs on the apical surface that respond to stimuli. e)When olfactory receptors are stimulated a receptor potential is created.
Answer:
A.) Smell is a chemical sense.
B.) Odorant molecules dissolve in mucus before stimulating a receptor
C.) Olfactory receptors have hairs on the apical surface that respond to stimuli
The statements that are true regarding olfaction are: smell is a chemical sense, odorant molecules dissolve in mucus before stimulating a receptor, and olfactory receptors have hairs on the apical surface that respond to stimuli.
Three statements are true regarding olfaction:
Smell is a chemical sense. Like taste, olfaction responds to chemical stimuli.Odorant molecules dissolve in mucus before stimulating a receptor. As airborne molecules are inhaled through the nose, they pass over the olfactory epithelial region and dissolve into the mucus before binding to a receptor protein.Olfactory receptors have hairs on the apical surface that respond to stimuli. Olfactory sensory neurons have dendrites with hair-like extensions that trap odor molecules.Therefore, statements a), b), and d) are true regarding olfaction.
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Identify whether the following statements are true or false.
Organisms in a population must compete for resources in order to survive.
The best equipped organisms survive.
Organisms of the same species are equipped with the same survival skills.
Over time, beneficial variations of an organisms will spread through generations and gradually change the population as a whole
Answer:
They are all true besides "Organisms of the same species are equipped with the same survival skills."-that one is false.
Explanation:
ANSWER ON ED
Feeling tired after a long day of work, you walk across a parking lot at night to get to your car. As you approach the car you see a shadow extending behind the back of the car. You immediately feel a rush of energy, your heart starts pounding, and you feel wide awake and alert. You slowly circle around to the back of the car and see that the shadow is coming from a parking lot sign above your car. You breathe a sigh of relief and start to calm down. You think about how you just felt in that scary situation and realize that you had the same reaction when you were called on in class to answer a question in front of everyone. Your teacher used that exercise to describe that the hormone ________ can be produced in fearful situations by ________.
Answer:
Epinephrine and adrenal gland.
Explanation:
Organism that obtains energy directly from inorganic molecules
The answer is chemoautotroph
The mechanism of water reabsorption by the renal tubules is ________.
Answer:
Osmosis
Explanation:
The movement of water (passive) balances the osmotic pressure within or across the tubule walls, which maintains extracellular body fluid volume.
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Suppose a mother carries two recessive genes for freckles (rr) and a father carries one recessive gene for freckles and one dominant gene for clear facial skin (Rr). What is the likelihood that their first child will have freckles?
A)
1
2
B)
1
4
C)
3
4
D)
4
4
r r
R Rr Rr
r rr rr
Genotype of the mother with freckle trait is rr. This means that it is a recessive trait.
Genotype of of the father having clear facial skin is Rr, showing that it is a dominant trait. There can be two genotypes for this trait that is Rr and RR.
When these parents are crossed, they produce 50% offsprings with the freckles trait (rr) and 50% with clear facial skin ( Rr).
Therefore, the likelihood of the first child with freckles is A
Hope this helped , Danielle xo
True or false? One possible way to alter chromatin structure such that genes could be transcribed would be to make histone proteins more positively charged.
Answer:
False
Explanation:
The histones that are more positively charged, tight hardly to negatively charged DNA. So, enzymes, such as acetyltransferases, that reduce the positive charge of histones promote transcription.
Chromatin structure and its modifications can change the package of the DNA and consequently, alter the gene expression. The most common modifications of the chromatin are covalent modifications such as acetylation/deacetylation (by acetyltransferases and eacetylases), methylation (by methyltransferases), and phosphorylation (by kinases). This is the way of gene expression regulation.
The effects of modifications are different, for example methylation promotes condensation of the chromatin and as a consequence, prevents binding of transcription factors to the DNA (transcription is repressed).
Acetylation loosens the association between nucleosomes and DNA (because it neutralizes the positive charge of histones) and consequently promotes transcription. Deacetylation is a process opposite to acetylation.
False, increasing the positive charge of histone proteins would make the chromatin more condensed, preventing gene transcription. To facilitate transcription, histone proteins need to be less positively charged, allowing the chromatin to open and the DNA to be accessible for RNA polymerase and transcription factors.
Explanation:False, making histone proteins more positively charged would not result in genes being transcribed. The structure of chromatin is affected by the charge of histone proteins that the DNA is wound around. DNA is a negatively charged molecule, so changes in the charge of histone proteins influences how tightly it is wound. However, to facilitate gene transcription, histones need to have a neutral or less positive charge, as this allows the DNA to unwind and become accessible for the machinery of transcription, such as RNA polymerase and transcription factors. This is achieved through the addition of chemical modifications like acetyl groups to histones; these modifications decrease the positive charge, helping to open the chromatin structure. Therefore, making the histone proteins more positive would actually make the chromatin structure more closed, preventing gene transcription.
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Auxins _____.promote cell elongation and cell division in stemsstimulates seed growth and fruit developmentpromotes cell divisionregulates the opening and closing of stomata
Option A. Auxins promote cell elongation and cell division in stems.
Auxins are plant hormones that primarily promote cell elongation, particularly in stems. They play a crucial role in the growth and development of plants by stimulating cell division and elongation, especially in the stem regions.
Auxins also help in the formation of roots and influence the differentiation of vascular tissues. They regulate various processes such as phototropism (growth towards light) and gravitropism (growth in response to gravity).
By controlling these growth responses, auxins are vital in shaping the plant's structure.
Complete question
Auxins _____. A. promote cell elongation and cell division in stems B. stimulates seed growth and fruit development C. promotes cell division D. regulates the opening and closing of stomata
A fish is in an environment where sexual reproduction would be stressful. What type of asexual reproduction could fish use to reproduce?
A. Parthenogenesis
B. Meiosis
C. Budding
D. Binary fission
Answer:
A. Parthenogeneise
Explanation:
In this zygote is formed without fertilisation.
Answer:
Option A, Parthenogenesis
Explanation:
Parthenogenesis is an asexual mode of reproduction in which an organism develop embryo without fertilization. The embryo starts developing from an unfertilized egg.
This reproduction strategy is adopted when the surrounding environmental conditions are not suitable for carrying out sexual reproduction.
Animals such as wasps, bees, ants , reptiles , fishes and plants are capable of reproducing in this manner.
hence, option A is correct
Answer ASAP! 20 points
point D is carrying capacity.
b) point D is carrying capacity. the fill carrying capacity like is at the same height as point d therefore that is correct.
PLEASE HELP! WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST! Describe the relationship between cell differentiation and morphogenesis
Cell differentiation is the process by which a cell becomes determined and is specialized in its function. Morphogenesis, on the other hand, is the progressive taking of the shape of an organism in its development. Morphogenesis, cell differentiation, and cell growth are the three fundamentals of developmental biology.
Animals need certain compounds for their growth and development. Many of the compounds found in food are larger and more complex than the compounds required by an animal. How does the animal obtain the needed compounds? A. The animal's digestive system absorbs only the simple compounds present in food. B. The animal acquires the required compounds from other animals. C. The animal's digestive system breaks down the complex compounds into simpler compounds. D. The animal acquires the required compounds from air and water.
Answer:
C
Explanation:
Animals cannot utilize the compounds in their large size. This because they cannot fit in the gap junction of the organs that absorb these molecules such as the ileum. Therefore, the digestive tract of the animals have enzymes that break down these large molecules into smaller molecules that are able to pass across the epithelium of ileum and become utilized by the body.
When are feedback loops used in any system?
A. When the system needs more of something.
B. When the system needs an enhanced outcome.
C. When a stimulus causes the system to move out of balance.
D. Only in emergency situations.
Feedback loops are used in any system when a stimulus causes the system to move out of balance. Therefore, option (C) is correct.
In order to keep the system in a stable and balanced state, a feedback loop is used to monitor and modify the system's response to a changing environment.
Feedback loops are triggered to return a system to a balanced state when an external input disturbs it. For instance, in the case of a thermostat that regulates the temperature of a room, the thermostat will engage a feedback loop to turn on the heater and increase the temperature back to the correct level if it falls below the desired level. The thermostat will start another feedback loop when the target temperature has been attained in order to turn off the heater and keep the temperature constant.
Not only to improve or increase anything, but also for a number of other purposes, feedback loops can be used. The reaction of the system, for instance, in a negative feedback loop is intended to lessen or reverse the initial stimulus and maintain a stable state, as opposed to enhancing or amplifying it. As a result, choice C is the right response.
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Enzymatic catalysis of the peptide bond between the growing polypeptide and the next incoming amino acid takes place in which binding site?
a. A siteb. P sitec. E sited. combined A and P sites
Answer:
a. A site
Explanation:
During the process of translation, ribosomes play a major role in connecting mRNA codons with tRNA anticodons. Ribosomes are composed of two subunits which consist ofproteins and rRNA. The tree sites of ribosomes are:
P site or peptidyl site-this site binds to the tRNA which holds the growing polypeptide chain.A site or acceptor site-this is a site of peptide bond formation between the growing polypeptide and the next incoming amino acid E site or exit site-the site for the final binding of t-RNA .The peptide bond formation between the growing polypeptide chain and the next incoming amino acid is facilitated by enzymatic catalysis at the P site of the ribosome.
Explanation:The peptide bond formation between the growing polypeptide chain and the next incoming amino acid occurs at the P site of the ribosome. The P, or peptidyl site, is where the hold tRNA molecule carrying the growing polypeptide chain is held. The process involving these peptide bonds is called enzymatic catalysis and is carried out by an enzymatic component of the ribosome called peptidyl transferase. So the right answer is choice b. P site.
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The tertiary structure of a polypeptide is the
Answer:
3 dimensional arrangement of the atoms within a single polypeptide chain.
Explanation:
The tertiary structure of a polypeptide is its unique three-dimensional shape formed by chemical interactions, especially among R groups. This structure determines the protein's functionality, with hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions playing key roles along with covalent bonds like disulfide bridges.
Explanation:What is the Tertiary Structure of Proteins?The tertiary structure of a polypeptide is the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms within a single protein chain. This unique conformation results from a variety of chemical interactions, chiefly between the side chains, also known as R groups, and backbone groups of the amino acids that make up the polypeptide. A multitude of interactions including hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, and disulfide bridges, among others, stabilize the tertiary structure and ensure the protein can perform its biological functions properly.
Tertiary structure is critical because it largely determines the protein's functionality. For instance, nonpolar, hydrophobic R groups often end up in the interior of the protein, away from water, whereas polar, hydrophilic R groups appear on the surface, interacting with the aqueous environment. Furthermore, the formation of covalent bonds such as disulfide linkages can provide additional stability to the tertiary structure.
The folding process is intricate and sometimes facilitated by other proteins called chaperones, which help guide the protein to its correct shape, ensuring its stability and functional activity. Therefore, the tertiary structure is not simply a result of the amino acid sequence (primary structure) but also of the complex and specific folding patterns driven by these interactions (secondary structure), which eventually form the robust three-dimensional shape.
Each replication fork requires both leading and lagging strand synthesis. Why?
Answer:
Because each strand acts as a template for the synthesis of a new, complementary strand.
Explanation:
This is known as semiconservative DNA replication. Leading and lagging strands are complementary, antiparallel strands (one is 3'-5' while other is 5'-3- direction) which are replicated differently. The leading strand is replicated continuously while the lagging strand is replicated in fragments-Okazaki fragments. Replication of both strands is performed by DNA polymerase.
Which are supposed to be healthier for humans to consume, saturated fats or unsaturated fats? Hypothesize what the types of bonds in the fats might have to do with this.
Answer:
saturated fat
Explanation:
it is less vnlnerable to rancidity
Every year in the United States, millions of pounds of herbicides, fungicides, and insecticides are applied to food crops. _____________________ make sure these products are safe for humans, other animals, and the environment.
A) Agricultural chemists
Eliminate
B) Agricultural engineers
C) Agricultural suppliers
D) Agricultural technicians
Final answer:
Agricultural chemists are responsible for ensuring the safety of agrochemicals like herbicides, fungicides, and insecticides applied to crops every year. They study the chemicals' effects on human health, animals, and ecosystems to mitigate potential harms.
Explanation:
Agricultural chemists are the professionals involved in making sure that agrochemicals, such as herbicides, fungicides, and insecticides, are safe for humans, other animals, and the environment. These specialists work to develop, analyze and understand the effects of these chemicals on crops and ecosystems. They study the chemical composition of these substances, their mechanisms of action, and their environmental fate. Their expertise helps in the creation of safer chemical agents and in setting regulations for their use. For instance, understanding pesticide resistance and the development of herbicide resistant 'superweeds' is essential in managing and preventing potential adverse impacts.
A person with Down Syndrome has an additional #21 chromosome in every somatic cell. This condition is also called trisomy 21. The cause of this syndrome A) is not known B) is due to crossing over of genes during Prophase 1 of meiosis C) is through the union of a normal gamete with the haploid amount of chromosomes (n) and another gamete with an extra #21 (n + 1) D) is through a mutation during DNA replication of mitosis in a somatic cell, and this mutation spreads to all other somatic cells in the body
Down Syndrome is caused by the union of a normal gamete with a gamete that has an extra chromosome 21, a condition resulting from chromosomal nondisjunction during meiosis.
Explanation:The cause of Down Syndrome, which is characterized by the presence of an additional chromosome 21 in every somatic cell (also known as trisomy 21), is through the union of a normal gamete with the haploid amount of chromosomes (n) and another gamete with an extra #21 (n + 1). This occurs due to a process called chromosomal nondisjunction during meiosis, which is the most common cause of this syndrome. Trisomy 21 leads to a variety of physical and developmental features, and the risk increases with maternal age, particularly in women over 36 years old.
Why do we need to use bacteria for gene cloning?
Answer:
It is used in the step of transformation, in order to make more plasmid DNA and consequently more gene product of interest
Explanation:
DNA cloning, as a method in molecular biology, is used for the multiplication of gene (or other piece of DNA). It usually includes steps of DNA insertion into plasmid (prokaryotic circular piece of DNA). That plasmid is than introduced into bacteria via process called transformation. Transformed bacteria can produce large amount of a product of a certain gene, because of their fast gene expression.
Match the definitions to the terms:
Terms:
Hypotonic Solution
Isotonic Solution
Hypertonic Solution
Diffusion
Facilitative Diffusion
Active Transport
Passive Transport
Concentration Gradient
Equilibrium
Osmosis
Definitions:
1. Movement of material across the cell membrane with energy
2. The environment outside of the cell has a lower concentration of dissolved material than the inside of the cell. This causes the cell to swell, and it may even burst.
3. A difference in the concentration of a substance across a distance
4. Movement of material across the cell membrane without energy
5. The environment outside of the cell has more dissolved material than inside of the cell. If a cell is placed in a this type of solution, water will leave the cell. This can cause a cell to shrink and shrivel (crenation).
6. The movement of particles from regions of higher density to lower density regions
7. Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane
8. Concentration of a substance is the same throughout a space
9. A solution in which the amount of dissolved material is equal both inside and outside of the cell. Water still flows in both directions, but an equal amount enters and leaves the cell.
10. The movement of large molecules through a membrane protein channel along the concentration gradient.
1.Active Transport
2. Hypotonic Solution
3.Concentration Gradient
4. Passive Transport
5. Hypertonic Solution
6. Diffusion
7.Osmosis
8. Equilibrium
9.Isotonic Solution
Blood pressure decreases and a body system responds in a way that causes the blood pressure to decrease even more. Which of the following would fit this statement the BEST?
A) Homeostasis
B) Negative feedback
C) Positive feedback
D) Regulation
C. Positive Feedback
This is because a response to a stimulus( low blood pressure) acts in the same direction as the stimulus ( even lower blood pressure).
This is opposed to negative feedback where the response would go in the operate direction of the stimulus ( I.e. blood pressure increasing in response to low blood pressure)
Cells in your hair follicles produce the protein keratin, but cells in your liver do not produce keratin. Which statement explains these differences
A). Hair follicles contain recombined DNA, which create the protein keratin
B). Genes are expressed differently in liver cells and hair follicles
C). Hair follicle cells contain different genes from liver cells
D). Hair follicle cells do not produce DNA, but liver cells do
Answer:
B). Genes are expressed differently in liver cells and hair follicles
Explanation:
In given organisms all the cells of the body have the same number of genes, however, their activity varies due to differential expression of genes.
The differential expression of genes is regulated by several factors, such as histone modifications, DNA, etc. which may silence or activate the genes differentially in different cells.
Since the hair cells and liver cells of the organisms will have the same genes, they only vary due to the differential expression fo the genes.
Answer:
B) Genes are expressed differently in liver cells and hair follicles
Explanation:
Cell differentiation helps produce different cells with different functions that express different genes in the genome.
Liver cells and hair follicles are an example of cell differentiation creating different functions in multi-celled organisms.