A 0.50-kg ball that is traveling at 6.0 m/s collides head-on with a 1.00-kg ball moving in the opposite direction at a speed of 12.0 m/s. The 0.50-kg ball bounces backward at 14 m/s after the collision. Find the speed of the second ball after the collision.

Answer:

20N

Explanation:

The force (Hooke's Law) is proportional to the deformation. To extend the spring 4 times longer, you will need 4 times the force. In total, 20 N

The amount of work required to stretch the spring 0.4 m give the data is 4 J

From the question given above, the following data were obtained

K = F/ e

K = 5 / 0.1

K = 50 N/m

W = ½Ke²

W = ½ × 50 × 0.4²

W = 25 × 0.16

W = 4 J

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To increase the power factor to 1.0 in a motor circuit, a capacitor should be added. The capacitance value of the capacitor can be calculated by knowing the real and apparent power of the motor circuit before and after the capacitor addition. The introduction of the capacitor provides reactive power that neutralizes the inductiveness of the motor coil, making the circuit purely resistive.

The subject matter pertains to understanding power factor, power dissipation and the effects of adding capacitance in a motor circuit. Now, the question mentions that the motor draws 8.40 A current at 120 V giving us a power apparent = V*I = 120 * 8.40 VA. However, the average power dissipated (Real power, P) is 850 W. The power factor is the ratio of real power to apparent power. However, to achieve a power factor of 1 (i.e., make the circuit purely resistive), we must add a capacitor (reactive power component) that will counteract the inductiveness of the motor coil.

The power factor before the capacitor is added is P/S = 850/(120*8.4) =  0.84. The reactive power Q before the capacitor is added can be calculated by the formula Q = sqrt[(S^2)-(P^2)] = sqrt[((120*8.4)^2)-(850^2)] VAR. After the capacitor is added, the power factor is 1 (as per the question), which means the reactive power Q' = 0. Therefore, reactive power supplied by the capacitor C = Q - Q' = Q = sqrt[((120*8.4)^2)-(850^2)].

Using Q = sqrt[(S^2)-(P^2)], we can find the current supplied by the capacitor as Ic = Q/V. From this current, we can find the capacitance using the formula C = Ic / (2*π*f.*V) where f = frequency = 60 Hz.

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To improve the power factor of a 120 V motor that draws 8.40 A to unity, we need to add a 94.6 µF series capacitance. This helps cancel out the reactive power, thereby achieving a power factor of 1.0.

Calculating Series Capacitance to Improve Power Factor

To increase the power factor to 1.0 for a motor attached to a 120 V/60 Hz power line that draws an 8.40 A current and has an average energy dissipation of 850 W, follow these steps:

Step 1: Calculate Apparent Power (S)

we know , Apparent power S = V * I

Where:

V = 120 V

I = 8.40 A

So,

S = 120 V * 8.40 A = 1008 VA

Step 2: Calculate the Current Power Factor (pf)

The power factor is the ratio of real power (P) to apparent power (S). Therefore:

pf = P / S = 850 W / 1008 VA ≈ 0.843

Step 3: Calculate the Reactive Power (Q)

Reactive power can be determined using the Pythagorean theorem for the power triangle:

Q = √(S² - P²)

So,

Q = √(1008² - 850²) ≈ 512 VAR

Step 4: Calculate Required Capacitive Reactance (Xc)

For unity power factor, the reactive power provided by the capacitor should cancel out the Q value:

Xc = V² / Q

So,

Xc = 120² / 512 ≈ 28.125 ohms

Step 5: Calculate Series Capacitance (C)

Use the formula for capacitive reactance:

Xc = 1 / (2πfC)

Solve for C:

C = 1 / (2π * 60 Hz * 28.125 ohms) ≈ 94.6 µF

Adding a series capacitance of approximately 94.6 µF will increase the power factor to 1.0.

A falling raindrop.

The reason why it's because mass of a raindrop is under influence of gravity pushing it down towards earth surface. When it hit the surface kinetic energy is released.

Answer:

Explanation:

Kinetic energy depends on the mass and the velocity of an object.

Potential energy depends on the mass of an object an how high it is.

A raindrop initially has potenial energy because of its high above the ground, when is falling it has a velocity, and having a velocity means it now has kinetic energy.

By falling, the raindrop exchange potential energy for kinetic energy, as it falls, its potential energy is lower since it is at a lower altitud.

And also when it falls it accelerates towards the ground wich makes it have grater velocity and by analogy greater kinetic energy.

Dark matter is a type of matter, whose composition is unknown and which corresponds to 80% of the matter in the universe. Its name refers to the fact it does not emit or interact with any type of electromagnetic radiation, being completely transparent throughout the electromagnetic spectrum.  

However, it interacts with the known matter through gravity.  

This means that, like gravity, dark matter can not be observed directly, however its existence is inferred through the movement of the stars and the cosmic dust within the galaxies.

Answer:

5- Normal, 68-dark energy, 27 dark matter

Explanation:

What is the correct composition of the universe, based on theoretical and cosmological observations?

   dark energy

   dark matter

   normal matter

   5 percent

   arrowRight

   68 percent

   arrowRight

   27 percent

   arrowRight

the object distance of both lenses are positive.

Answer:

B) Its frequency

Explanation:

When a guitar is tuned to adjust its pitch, B) its frequency is changed.

The frequency determines how high or low we perceive the sound (or pitch) to be. This adjustment is achieved by tightening or loosening the tension on the strings, which alters the rate at which the string vibrates.

Frequency is the number of vibrations per second of the string and is measured in Hertz (Hz). Higher tension on the string increases the vibration rate, leading to a higher pitch, while lower tension decreases the vibration rate, resulting in a lower pitch.

So, the frequency is key in changing the pitch of the guitar string, not the wavelength, amplitude, or linear density. The correct answer is B.

We can choose different pairs of values. Here are some examples:

[tex]q'_1 = 3.0 \times 10^{-4}[/tex] C and [tex]q'_2 = 1.0 \times 10^{-3}[/tex] C,

[tex]q'_1 = 1.0 \times 10^{-4}[/tex] C and [tex]q'_2 = 3.0 \times 10^{-3}[/tex] C,

[tex]q'_1 = 1.5 \times 10^{-4}[/tex] C and [tex]q'_2 = 2.0 \times 10^{-3}[/tex] C.

To solve this problem, we'll use Coulomb's Law, given by the formula:

[tex]F = k_e \cdot \frac{q_1 \cdot q_2}{r^2}[/tex]

where:

Given:

First, we verify the given force with the given charges and distance:

[tex]F = (8.99 \times 10^9) \cdot \frac{(6.0 \times 10^{-4})(5.0 \times 10^{-4})}{(15)^2}[/tex].

Let's simplify this:

[tex]F = (8.99 \times 10^9) \cdot \frac{3.0 \times 10^{-7}}{225}[/tex].

[tex]F = (8.99 \times 10^9) \cdot 1.333 \times 10^{-9}[/tex].

[tex]F = 12[/tex] N (matches the given force).

To find a new combination of charges that yield the same force, we can use different charges, but they must still give the same numerator in the force equation.

Let new charges be [tex]q'_1[/tex] and [tex]q'_2[/tex]. The condition we'll use is:

[tex]q'_1 \cdot q'_2 = 3.0 \times 10^{-7}[/tex] C².

Light behaves like a wave, and the different colors we perceive are the result of light hitting our eyes at different wavelengths. The air molecules in our atmosphere scatter this visible light, with a "preference" towards light of shorter wavelengths -- blue and violet light. Light of longer wavelengths (green, yellow, orange, red), doesn't pass through to us as visibly until later in the day, when the sun's light has more atmosphere to pass through before it reaches our eyes. The blue light becomes so scattered by the air molecules in its way at this point that we're finally able to see those yellows and reds coming through on our end.

Answer:

-Parallel circuits have multiple branching pathways for electrical current.

-series circuit forms a single path.

Answer:

Electromagnetic waves

Explanation:

Electromagnetic waves are waves that consist of oscillating electric and magnetic fields, that oscillate perpendicularly to each other and perpendicularly to the direction of propagation of the wave (for such a reason, these waves are also called transverse waves).

Electromagnetic waves always travel in a vacuum at the same speed, called speed of light:

[tex]c=3.0\cdot 10^8 m/s[/tex]

and they are classified into 7 different types, according to their frequency. From lowest to highest frequency, we have:

Radio waves

Microwaves

Infrared

Visible light

Ultraviolet

X-rays

Gamma rays

Therefore, gamma rays, x-rays, visible light and radio waves are all types of electromagnetic waves with different frequencies.

the hotness of the ground would mostly likely make the tire blow out

Answer:

Explanation:

[tex] 30W * 8 h = 240 Wh = 0.240 kWh[/tex]

Answer:

0.24 kWh

Explanation:

The Nerve Tissue allows for coordination and control movement

Nervous tissue is used for coordination and control movement.

Explanation:

The group of organized cells that is in the nervous system, which is responsible in controlling the movements of the human body, sending and carrying signals to and from different body parts is called Nervous tissue.  It is also responsible in controlling functions in the body like digestion.

This tissue is classified into categories such as neurons and neroglia. The electric impulses are transmitted by neurons and supporting and protecting neurons is done by neuroglia. The whole nervous system is comprised of neurons.

Answer:

Explanation:

All the bulbs with have the same resistance.

Let the resistance of the Bulbs all = R

Bulb 1 will get all of the current running through it. There will be a voltage drop of Ed1 = I * R and the voltage left over will be seen by some combination of bulbs 2,3 and 4.

The current will be divided between 2R and R. 2R will get the smaller amount of current, and R will get the larger amount. There will be 3 parts in total.

So 2 and 3 will experience 1/3 I,   while the  other bulb will get 2/3 I.

The initial voltage is E

The voltage drop seen by bulbs 2,3 and 4 is E - I*R

Bulb 4 will see the entire voltage of E - I*R

Since it sees 2/3 * I The power dissipated by 4 is P4 = (E - I*R) * (2/3)I

Each of the other bulbs see (E - IR) * (1/3 I)/2 as their power dissipation.

So here's the answer.

P1>P4 > (P2 - P3)

P2 = P3 if there is such an answer in C.

(60 degrees) x (60 arcminutes/degree) x (60 arcseconds/arcminute) =

(60 degrees) x (3600 arcseconds/degree) =

216,000 arc seconds

(60 degrees) x (60 arcminutes/degree) x (60 arcseconds/arcminute) = (60 degrees) x (3600 arcseconds/degree) = 216,000 arc seconds.

The angular distance is a measurement of how far apart two points appear to be from the viewpoint of the observer. From each point to the observer, straight lines extended and intersected.

The angular distance, which is commonly stated in degrees or radians, is the angle at which these two lines intersect. This angle can be used in trigonometry to determine heights and distances.

Astronomers frequently refer to the angle instead of the actual distance between celestial bodies when describing the apparent gap between them.

Therefore, (60 degrees) x (60 arcminutes/degree) x (60 arcseconds/arcminute) = (60 degrees) x (3600 arcseconds/degree) = 216,000 arc seconds.

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Answer:

2, 4, 5

Explanation:

The electromagnetic spectrum gives the classification of the electromagnetic waves according to their wavelength/frequency. In order from the shortest to the greatest wavelength, we have:

Gamma rays

X-rays

Ultraviolet

Visible light

Infrared

Microwaves

Radio waves

Moreover, the frequency of an electromagnetic wave is inversely proportional to its wavelength, according to:

[tex]f=\frac{c}{\lambda}[/tex]

where c is the speed of light.

Finally, the energy of a photon of an electromagnetic wave is directly proportional to the frequency, and inversely proportional to the wavelength:

[tex]E=hf = \frac{hc}{\lambda}[/tex]

where h is the Planck constant.

Keeping in mind these facts, let's now analyze each statement:

1. X rays and gamma rays have very long wavelengths and very low photon energies. --> FALSE: X-rays and gamma rays have the shortest wavelength, so they have the highest frequency and very high energy.

2. Radio waves have wavelengths on the order of meters and very low photon energies. --> TRUE. Radio wave wavelengths are on the order of meters, so very long; consequently, their frequency is very low, and so their energy is also very low.

3. Ultraviolet radiation has long wavelengths and low photon energies. --> FALSE. Ultraviolet has short wavelength, so high frequency and high photon energy.

4. Visible light lies at the center of the electromagnetic spectrum. --> TRUE: visible light photons have wavelength between 380 and 750 nm, and lie at the center of the electromagnetic spectrum.

5. Infrared radiation has long wavelengths and low photon energies. --> TRUE: infrared radiation has longer wavelengths (if compared to the visible light), and therefore lower frequency and lower energy.

X-rays and gamma rays have high photon energies and short wavelengths, radio waves have long wavelengths and low photon energies, visible light lies in the middle of the electromagnetic spectrum.

Among the statements, the correct ones regarding the electromagnetic spectrum are:

Based on the information about the characteristics and properties of electromagnetic radiation, these statements accurately reflect the nature of X-rays, gamma rays, radio waves, and visible light.

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Answer:

B) the blue one

Explanation:

We can assimilate each metal bar to a black body. The peak wavelength of the radiation emitted by a blackbody is given by Wien's displacement law:

[tex]\lambda = \frac{b}{T}[/tex] (1)

where

b is the Wien's displacement constant

T is the absolute temperature of the object

In this case, we have one object hotter and the other one colder. We see from (1) that the peak wavelength is inversely proportional to the temperature: therefore, the hotter object will have shorter peak wavelength, while the colder object will have longer peak wavelength.

Since red light has longer wavelength than blue light, we can conclude that the object that glows blue is hotter than the one that glows red.

C Is the angle of reflection. The reflected ray is consistently in the plane determined by the incident ray and perpendicular to the surface at the point of reference of the incident ray.

The law of reflection specifies that upon reflection from a downy surface, the slope of the reflected ray is similar to the slope of the incident ray.

When the light rays descend on the smooth surface, the angle of reflection is similar to the angle of incidence, also the incident ray, the reflected ray, and the normal to the surface all lie in a similar plane.

Hence,C Is the angle of reflection.

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120.0v drop across the 20.0 resistor

Answer:

120.0v drop across the 20.0 resistor

Explanation:

The correct answer is: C. It is the point beyond which neither light nor anything else can escape.

The event horizon of a black hole is the boundary where the escape velocity is equal to the speed of light, making it impossible for anything, including light, to escape. It's defined by the Schwarzschild radius and increases in size with additional mass. The center is thought to contain a singularity, which is infinitely dense and small.

The event horizon of a black hole is the boundary beyond which nothing, including light, can escape its gravitational pull. It corresponds to the distance at which the escape velocity equals the speed of light. This boundary is known as the Schwarzschild radius, which is directly proportional to the mass of the black hole. The event horizon is not visible because it does not emit any light; however, it can be inferred by observing the effects of its powerful gravity on nearby matter and radiation.

The size of the Schwarzschild radius (and therefore the event horizon) depends only on the mass of the black hole. If our Sun were to collapse into a black hole, which is purely a theoretical scenario since it lacks sufficient mass, its Schwarzschild radius would be approximately 3 kilometers. Any additional mass added to the black hole would increase the size of its event horizon proportionally.

Inside the event horizon, the center of the black hole is thought to contain a singularity, a point of infinite density and zero volume, which is not directly observable. As matter crosses the event horizon, it seems to freeze in position to an outside observer due to the extreme gravitational effects on lt's travel, but would, in reality, continue to fall inward toward the singularity.

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Answer:

space is three dimensional

Answer: Space is three-dimensional

Explanation: For Newton, space time forms a three-dimensional universe, with the characteristic of an absolute void that determines the order of the things that compose it.

Answer:

B

Explanation:

This looks like a momentum question. It also looks like there is no horizontal acceleration.

Momentum before           Momentum after

m1vo                                   (m1 + m2)*vo/3           multiply through by 3

3 m1*vo                               m1* vo + m2*vo          subtract m1*vo from both sides

3m1*vo - m1*vo                   m2*vo

2m1*vo                                 m2*vo                      Divide by vo

2m1 =                                    m2

Conclusion: It takes 2 m1's to equal 1 m2.

B is the answer.

Answer:

The girl has greater tangential acceleration

Explanation:

The angular acceleration ([tex]\alpha[/tex]) of the merry go round is equal to the rate of the change of the angular velocity, [tex]\omega[/tex]:

[tex]\alpha = \frac{d\omega}{dt}[/tex]

Since all the points of the merry go round complete 1 circle in the same time, the angular velocity of each point of the merry go round is the same, and so all the points also have the same angular acceleration.

The tangential acceleration instead is given by

[tex]a_t = \alpha r[/tex]

where

[tex]\alpha[/tex] is the angular acceleration

r is the distance from the centre of the merry go round

Since the girl is near the outer edge and the boy is closer to the centre, the value of r for the girl is larger than for the boy, so the girl has greater tangential acceleration.

(a) [tex]4.40\cdot 10^{20}N[/tex]

The distance between the Sun and the Earth is

[tex]d_{SE}=1.496 \cdot 10^11 m[/tex]

The distance between the Earth and the Moon is

[tex]d_{EM} = 3.84\cdot 10^8 m[/tex]

So, the distance between the Sun and the Moon, when the Moon is between the Earth and the Sun, is

[tex]d_SM = 1.496\cdot 10^{11}m -3.84\cdot 10^8 m=1.492\cdot 10^{11} m[/tex]

So the gravitational force between the Sun and the Moon is

[tex]F_{SM} = G \frac{M_S M_M}{d_{SM}^2}[/tex]

where

G is the gravitational constant

[tex]M_S = 1.988 \cdot 10^{30}kg[/tex] is the mass of the Sun

[tex]M_M = 7.384\cdot 10^{22}kg[/tex] is the mass of the Moon

[tex]d_{SM}=1.492\cdot 10^{11} m[/tex] is their distance

Substituting,

[tex]F_{SM} = (6.67\cdot 10^{-11}) \frac{(1.988\cdot 10^{30} kg)(7.384\cdot 10^{22}kg)}{(1.492\cdot 10^{11} m)^2}=4.40\cdot 10^{20}N[/tex]

(b) [tex]2.00\cdot 10^{20}N[/tex]

The gravitational force between the Earth and the Moon is

[tex]F_{EM} = G \frac{M_E M_M}{d_{EM}^2}[/tex]

where

G is the gravitational constant

[tex]M_E = 5.972 \cdot 10^{24}kg[/tex] is the mass of the Earth

[tex]M_M = 7.384\cdot 10^{22}kg[/tex] is the mass of the Moon

[tex]d_{EM}=3.84\cdot 10^{8} m[/tex] is their distance

Substituting,

[tex]F_{EM} = (6.67\cdot 10^{-11}) \frac{(5.972\cdot 10^{24} kg)(7.384\cdot 10^{22}kg)}{(3.84 \cdot 10^{8} m)^2}=2.00\cdot 10^{20}N[/tex]

(c) [tex]3.54\cdot 10^{22}N[/tex]

The gravitational force between the Earth and the Sun is

[tex]F_{ES} = G \frac{M_E M_S}{d_{ES}^2}[/tex]

where

G is the gravitational constant

[tex]M_E = 5.972 \cdot 10^{24}kg[/tex] is the mass of the Earth

[tex]M_S = 1.988 \cdot 10^{30}kg[/tex] is the mass of the Sun

[tex]d_{SE}=1.496 \cdot 10^{11} m[/tex] is their distance

Substituting,

[tex]F_{ES} = (6.67\cdot 10^{-11}) \frac{(5.972\cdot 10^{24} kg)(1.988\cdot 10^{30}kg)}{(1.496 \cdot 10^{11} m)^2}=3.54\cdot 10^{22}N[/tex]

To derive the force exerted by the Sun on the Moon the Earth on the Moon and the Sun on the Earth during a solar eclipse, you apply Newton's law of universal gravitation taking into account the respective masses of the Sun, Earth, and Moon as well as their distances from each other.

Determining the force exerted between celestial bodies during a solar eclipse involves understanding the gravitational relationship between them; primarily the gravitational forces between the Earth, Moon, and the Sun, and the principles of celestial mechanics.

Firstly, we know that the force of gravity follows Newton's law of universal gravitation: F = G (m1m2/r^2),where F is the force of gravity, m1 and m2 are the masses of the two bodies involved, r is the distance between the centers of the two bodies, and G is the gravitational constant.

For any of the specific forces asked in the question (i.e., the force exerted by the Sun on the Moon force exerted by the Earth on the Moon, and the force exerted by the Sun on the Earth), we would need specific values for the masses of the Sun, Earth, and Moon as well as their respective distances. Once those values are known, you can substitute into the above equation to obtain the force.

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The answer is: Neptune

Answer:

Explanation:

the answer is Neptune

Let's start by explaining that electronegativity is a term coined by Linus Pauling and is determined by the ability of an atom of a certain element to attract electrons when chemically combined with another atom.

So, the more electronegative an element is, the more electrons it will attract.

It should be noted that this value can not be measured directly by experiments, but it can be determined indirectly by means of calculations from other atomic or molecular properties of the element. That is why the scale created by Pauling is an arbitrary scale, where the maximum value of electronegativity is 4, assigned to Fluorine (F) and the lowest is 0.7, assigned to Francium (Fr).

Francium is the element with the lowest electronegativity value, which is determined by factors such as atomic number, distance from the nucleus to the valence electrons, and effective nuclear charge. Fluorine, on the other hand, has the highest electronegativity value. While electron-electron repulsion and electron affinity can influence electronegativity, they are different atomic properties.

The element with the lowest electronegativity value is francium. Electronegativity, which describes how tightly an atom attracts electrons in a bond, is a dimensionless quantity that is calculated rather than measured. It depends on several factors, including the atomic number and the distance from the nucleus to the valence electrons.

Francium has the lowest electronegativity value mostly due to its large size and its single valence electron which is located very far from the nucleus. Hence, the electron is not strongly attracted to the nucleus, resulting in a low electronegativity. Comparably, Fluorine is given the highest electronegativity value of 4 on the Pauling scale, due to its small size and high effective nuclear charge.

Various other factors such as electron-electron repulsion, electron affinity, and formal charge can also influence electronegativity. Please remember that these factors should not be confused with electronegativity itself as they correspond to different atomic properties.

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Answer:

The salt is dissolved by the water and heat. If the pot isn't boiling, the salt wouldn't dissolve, it would stay undissolved.

I think it will be 800j because right absorb mean getting more

The change in internal energy of the system is 400 joules. The correct answer is: C. 400 J

To determine the change in internal energy of a system that does 200 joules of work and absorbs 600 joules of heat, we can use the first law of thermodynamics. The first law of thermodynamics states:

[tex]\[ \Delta U = Q - W \][/tex]

[tex]\(\Delta U\)[/tex] is the change in internal energy,

Q is the heat added to the system,

W is the work done by the system.

In this problem:

Q = 600 joules (heat absorbed by the system),

W = 200 joules (work done by the system).

Substituting the given values into the equation:

[tex]\[ \Delta U = 600\, \text{J} - 200\, \text{J} \][/tex]

[tex]\[ \Delta U = 400\, \text{J} \][/tex]

answer:

1.8E-15C/1.6E-19=11,250

Explanation:

The biochemistry that takes place inside cells depends on various elements, such as sodium, potassium, and calcium, that are dissolved in water as ions. These ions enter cells through narrow pores in the cell membrane known as ion channels. Each ion channel, which is formed from a specialized protein molecule, is selective for one type of ion. Measurements with microelectrodes have shown that a 0.30-nm-diameter potassium ion ({\rm{{\rm K}}}^{\rm{ + }} ) channel carries a current of 1.8 {\rm pA}.

The number of potassium ions that will pass through the ion channel is 11250.

Potassium ions, possibly the most often constituted electrolyte.

Calculating the number of potassium ions that passes through the ion channel

Given that the channel opens for 1.0 ms

Step1: determine the value of charge ( Q )

[tex]Q = I \times \Delta t = ( 1.8 \times 10^-^1^0 A )\times (1.0 \times 10^1^3 s ) = 1.8 \times 10^-^1^5 C[/tex]

where ; I = 1.8 × 10⁻¹² A

[tex]\Delta t = 1.0 \times 10^-^3 s[/tex]

Step2: determine number of K⁺ ions passing through

[tex]NK^+ = Q \times e = ( 1.8 \times 10^-^1^5 C )\times ( 1.60 \times 10^-^1^9 C) = 11250[/tex]

Thus, the potassium ions pass through the channel is 11250.

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Answer:

B

Explanation:

The first law of thermodynamics states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed, only transformed. Thus, organisms must obtain all necessary energy for life from their environment. This is because they cannot create their own energy from scratch because of this law.

The first law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, but only transformed. In biological systems, energy is constantly being transformed within organisms, as well as being exchanged with the environment. This principle is crucial for organisms to maintain their life processes like growth, reproduction, and movement.

In the context of the choices, statement B is the most relevant. The organism must ultimately obtain all necessary energy for life from its environment. Organisms get energy from the environment in the form of nutrients or sunlight because energy cannot be created from nothing due to the first law of thermodynamics. Whether an organism is a plant using sunlight in photosynthesis, or an animal eating food and using cellular respiration to extract energy, they are harnessing the energy originally sourced from their environment.

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