Answer:
Saudi Arabia
Explanation:
High-context cultures communicate implicitly and heavily rely on context. Countries that practice this type of communication culture value interpersonal relationships, are collectivist with members that value close and stable relationships. Countries such as Japan, Latin American and Arabic countries have been identified to practice high-context culture. When communicating, people for high-context cultures avoid eye contact of shoulder shrugging, as most information are carried within physical features and acts.
Is it correct to claim that traits always become more complex or specialized over time?
Answer:
No, because it is common to observe that they don't.
After school, Sandra often has to go help her grandparents with chores and grocery shopping. On these days, Sandra always brings a change of clothes to avoid appearing at her grandparents' house in the goth outfits she likes to wear to school. This is an example of__________
Answer:Impression management
Explanation:Impression management refers to how we tend to consciously or subconsciously try to attempt to influence how others see us because we want to maintain a certain view about ourselves. It is like being an actor everyday in your own story because you want to keep that image of being a particular person in the eyes of people .
If a firm holds a pure monopoly in the market and is able to sell 4 units of output at a price of $2.00 per unit and 5 units of output at $1.75 per unit, it will produce and sell the fifth unit only if the marginal cost of producing the fifth unit is.____________
Final answer:
A pure monopoly should produce and sell the fifth unit if the marginal cost of producing that unit is less than or equal to the marginal revenue of $0.75, which ensures profits are not reduced.
Explanation:
If a firm holds a pure monopoly in the market and can sell 4 units of output at a price of $2.00 per unit and 5 units at $1.75 per unit, it will produce and sell the fifth unit only if the marginal cost of producing the fifth unit is less than or equal to the marginal revenue generated from selling the fifth unit.
Let's calculate the marginal revenue (MR) for the fifth unit. The total revenue for selling four units is $8 (4 units * $2/unit), and the total revenue for selling five units is $8.75 (5 units * $1.75/unit). The MR of the fifth unit is therefore the difference, which is $0.75 ($8.75 - $8).
The firm will produce and sell the fifth unit if the marginal cost (MC) of producing that unit is less than or equal to $0.75. This is because producing additional units adds to overall profits as long as MR ≥ MC. If the MC is higher than $0.75, producing the fifth unit would lead to a decrease in profits.
The myocardium (cardiac muscle tissue) undergoes a significant amount of physical stress due to its contractions. You would expect to see relatively large numbers of which of the following embedded within their plasma membrane?
Answer: D) desmosomes
Options: A) glycolipids B) transport proteins C) tight junctions D) desmosomes
Explanation: Desmosome is a structure found in cells and has a strong adhesive force, helping cells to bind to other cells and form a sturdy structure. Because the myocardium goes through significant physical activity, desmosomes are necessary in the tissue cells to provide a powerful network between the cells that can withstand more activity than the cells of some other tissues that are not as prone to wear and tear. They are also found in the epidermis.
The myocardium (cardiac muscle tissue) contains large numbers of mitochondria to provide the necessary energy for continuous contractions.
In the myocardium (cardiac muscle tissue), you would expect to see relatively large numbers of mitochondria embedded within their plasma membrane. Mitochondria are the powerhouses of cells and are responsible for producing energy through aerobic respiration.
The myocardium requires a large amount of energy to sustain its continuous contractions, hence the presence of numerous mitochondria.
Learn more about Mitochondria in myocardium here:https://brainly.com/question/33440370
#SPJ3
10. The media claim that the economy isenteringa phase of growth and prosperity.They point to lower unemployment rates and increased productivity. This analysis is false, though. The number of people filing for bankruptcy has increased every month for the last six months, and bankruptcy lawyers report that they are busier than they have been in years. Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends
Answer:
Legislation has not been recently passed to make legal bankruptcy easier to obtain.
Explanation:
In conclusion, the argument claims that the information by the media is wrong about the economy entering a growth phase. The reason for this claim lies on the fact that the number of people who have filed for bankruptcy have plummeted monthly for the past 6 months and thus bankruptcy lawyer have become more and more busy than they have been. Hence, for the validity of this argument, there should be an assumption that the increase in bankruptcy numbers is due to the economic state and not something related.
In the famous experiment by Ivan Pavlov, a bell was rung while dogs were being fed meat powder. Pavlov observed that the dogs would begin to salivate when the bell was rung again, even when no food was given to the dogs. The dogs' salivation in response to the meat powder is the:_________
Answer: Classical conditioning
Explanation:
By teaching dogs to associate the sound of a bell with being fed, Pavlov established the principles of classical conditioning. Classical conditioning is a process by which we learn to associate stimuli and, consequently, to anticipate events. Classical conditioning is a form of learning whereby a conditioned stimulus becomes associated with an unrelated unconditioned stimulus, in order to produce a behavioral response known as a conditioned response. The conditioned stimulus is usually neutral and produces no particular response at first, but after conditioning, it elicits the conditioned response.
Final answer:
In Pavlov's experiment, the dogs' natural salivation to meat powder is the unconditioned response to the unconditioned stimulus. The bell, initially neutral, became a conditioned stimulus after pairing with the food, leading to salivation, the conditioned response, even in the absence of food.
Explanation:
In the famous experiment by Ivan Pavlov, he discovered that dogs would start salivating upon hearing a bell after it had been repeatedly associated with the presentation of meat powder. Initially, the dogs' salivation in response to the meat powder is what is referred to as the unconditioned response (UCR) to the unconditioned stimulus (UCS), which occurs naturally. During the conditioning phase, Pavlov introduced a bell sound, the conditioned stimulus (CS), alongside the unconditioned stimulus, the meat powder.
After several trials, the dogs began to salivate when they heard the bell, even when no food was presented. This newly learned behavior is known as the conditioned response (CR). Pavlov's experiment is a classic example of classical conditioning, demonstrating how a neutral stimulus can become a conditioned stimulus through association.
The results from a research study indicate that adolescents who watch more sexual content on television also tend to engage in more sexual behavior that their peers. The correlation between amount of TV sexual content and amount of sexual behavior is an example of a ____.
Answer:
a positive correlation.
Explanation:
A positive correlation -
Correlation refers to the extent to which the two variables are linked and connected to each other is referred to as correlation .
A positive correlation is the link between the two variables , which gets more connected with time .
Hence , the children or adults adopting a certain bahit ot activity in the very early age , tends to follow the same life long , which then reflects to their personality .
Hence , from the given scenario of the question ,
The correct term is a positive correlation .
The purpose of informed consent is:
a. To provide a potential subject with appropriate information in an appropriate manner and allow that person to make an informed decision about participation in research.
b. To obtain a signature from a study subject in order to protect the investigator, the study staff and the institution.
c. To document the investigator's participation in the consent process.
d. To obtain a signature from a study subject in order to document his or her agreement to participate in research.
The purpose of informed consent in medical research is to provide potential subjects with the necessary information so they can make an informed decision about participation. It is not about protecting the investigator or institution, but rather respecting the autonomy and rights of the subject.
Explanation:The purpose of informed consent in medical research is to provide potential subjects with appropriate information in an appropriate manner, enabling them to make an informed decision about participating in research. It involves ensuring that the subject understands the nature of the study, risks and benefits, procedures involved, and any alternatives. Informed consent is not about obtaining a signature to protect the investigator or institution but rather about respecting the autonomy and rights of the subject.
Learn more about the Purpose of Informed Consent here:https://brainly.com/question/31759924
#SPJ6
Informed consent in research primarily aims to provide potential participants with appropriate and complete information about the study, enabling them to make an informed decision about their participation. Signatures are used for documentation, but the key purpose is ensuring the participant's understanding and choice.
Explanation:The purpose of informed consent in research is mainly to provide a potential participant with all the necessary information about the study, and allow that person to make an informed decision about their participation. That's why option 'a' is the correct one. While obtaining a signature does indeed document an individual's agreement to participate, the core of informed consent is rooted in the ethics of research and stresses the importance of clarity, understanding, and freedom of choice for the participant. The options 'b', 'c', and 'd' are parts of the consent process, but none of them fully capture the primary purpose of informed consent.
Learn more about Informed Consent here:https://brainly.com/question/31666582
#SPJ6
Many states have amended their constitutions to guarantee that large cities will have the authority to manage local affairs without interference from state government. This power is called?
Answer: Federalism
Explanation:
Federalism is a system where cities are able to manage local affairs without interference from the state government.
When you share a report with a team member in Hootsuite Analytics, you can allow that team member to adjust the parameters of the report to fine-tune the insights being generated. To allow for this collaboration, you must set the permission for that user to:
Answer:Can edit
Explanation:This permission gives someone an ability to correct ,revise and proofread a document and if necessary add on some changes. This may be an individual who is responsible for a final version of the document. The team member will be able to adjust parameters in a report only if they are given a permission to edit the report.
The purpose of criminal law is to punish while the purpose of tort law is to compensate the victimtrue/false
Answer:
True
Explanation:
The main objectives of the civil liability law or tort law is to provide relief to injured parties for damages caused by others, to impose liability on the parties responsible for the damage and to deter others from committing harmful acts. The grievances may transfer the burden of loss of the injured party to the guilty or most appropriate party to bear the burden of the loss. Generally, a party seeking reparation through the civil liability law will request damages in the form of monetary compensation. Less common remedies include precautionary measures and restitution.
The limits of the civil liability law or tort law are defined by customary law and state statutory law. The judges, when interpreting the language of the statutes, have ample freedom to determine which actions qualify as legally recognizable errors, which defenses can nullify any given claim and the appropriate measure of damages. Although the law of grievances varies by state, many courts use the Restatement of grievances (2nd) as an influential guide.
The grievances fall into three general categories: intentional damages (for example, intentionally hitting a person); negligent grievances (for example, causing an accident by not obeying traffic rules); and strict civil liability (for example, responsibility for manufacturing and selling defective products; see Product liability). Intentional grievances are errors that the defendant knew or should have known would result from his actions or omissions. Negligent grievances occur when the defendant's actions were unreasonably unsafe. Unlike intentional and negligent grievances, strict liability grievances do not depend on the degree of care the defendant used. On the contrary, in cases of strict liability, the courts focus on whether a particular result or manifest damage.
There are numerous specific grievances that include intrusion, aggression, aggression, neglect, product liability and intentionally inflicting emotional distress. There are also separate areas of civil liability law that include inconvenience, defamation, invasion of privacy and a category of economic damages.
Final answer:
The statement is true regarding criminal law's focus on punishment but only partially true regarding tort law; while criminal law aims to punish offenders for public safety, deterrence, and rehabilitation, tort law primarily seeks to compensate victims for their losses.
Explanation:
The statement is partially true. The purpose of criminal law is primarily to punish those who commit crimes, which are acts that could harm or endanger others, to maintain public order, deter future offenses, and rehabilitate the offender. Indeed, crimes can carry penalties that depend on the seriousness, and can be classified as either felonies or misdemeanors.
On the other hand, tort law is a branch of civil law where the main goal is to compensate victims for the injuries or damages they suffer due to another party's actions or negligence. Compensation may include monetary payments for physical injury, property damage, emotional distress, and more. While criminal law involves the government prosecuting the accused, tort law involves disputes between private parties.
Each type of law has its own objectives and mechanisms, but they both aim at responding to wrongdoing, with criminal law focusing more on punishment and deterrence, and tort law on restoring the victim to their situation prior to the harm.
Rita conducts a study in which she videotapes college students interacting with each other before and after performing a series of cognitive tasks that were presented as "Intelligence tests that can affect your college tuition charges." She then has a carefully trained team observe and record the participants' actions, noting visible signs of anxiety in particular. What type of measure best describes the one used by Rita?
A. Physiological
B. Self-report
C. Behavioral
D. Statistical
Answer:
correct option is C. Behavioral
Explanation:
solution
answer is Behavioral because it is study of connection between the mind and the behavior
it help you to predict that how human being will behave that affect their financial decisions and behavior
here Rita study as Intelligence test that can affect college tuition charge by interacting with students
so that correct option is C. Behavioral
What separates social learning theory from social control and social reaction theories is that social learning theory fails to recognize that criminal activity can be reversed and criminals can be turned around by proper socialization and interactions. True or false?
Answer:
false
Explanation:
Social learning theory, a theory of learning process and social behavior, suggests that one could learn new behaviors by observing and imitating the behavior of others. It also notes that learning can occur through observing punishments and reinforcements known as vicarious reinforcement.
Social reaction theory involves majority negatively labelling of minority as a result of their deviance from norms
Social control theory suggests that individuals by virtue of norms,
values, and values may find it hard to break the law since they feel part of the society, internalised and tied to it.
We can see from the above that the theories do not differ by" recognition of criminal activity that can be reversed..."
The claim that social learning theory does not recognize the potential for reversing criminal behavior through proper socialization is false. Social learning theory emphasizes behavioral learning and change through social interactions.
The statement that social learning theory fails to recognize that criminal activity can be reversed and criminals can be turned around by proper socialization and interactions is false. Social learning theory, indeed, underscores the role of learning behaviors through observations and interactions within one's social environment. This includes the potential for positive change in behavior through new, constructive social interactions. The theory, introduced by Albert Bandura, acknowledges that humans can learn and unlearn behaviors by observing the consequences of others' actions, suggesting that criminal behavior can indeed be modified through changed social experiences and cognitions. Therefore, the distinct aspect of social learning theory is its acknowledgment of the potential for behavioral change based on social interactions, contrary to the misunderstanding that it neglects this aspect.
Which of the following did Mr. John Dashwood consider as appropriate assistance to his stepmother and half-sisters, only to reject after discussing it with his wife? Select all that apply.1. an annuity of 100 pounds per year for his step mother2. an occasional gift of 50 pounds3. 500 pounds for each of his half-sisters4. 1000 pounds for each of his half-sisters
Answer: the forth statement
Explanation:
The value of pounds is very high and of course 1000 pounds is very much and too much for a wife to accept.
In other words, john wants to help his "half Sister" which my blood, they are not his fully blood sisters and since he is a family man ,which this kind of help will depend on his finances , the 1000 pounds is very very much to accept has a family man helping his half sisters and not putting into consideration the step mom.
Answer: All of the above
Explanation: Right on Odyssey :3
The number of House members for each state is determined by that state’s _____.
A) governor
B) tax revenues
C) unemployment rate
D) population
Answer:
D) Population
Explanation:
Answer:
The number of House members for each state is determined by that state’s population
"A(n) ____ is a requirement or condition that a system must satisfy or an outcome that a system must achieve."
Explain the differences between reactive, proactive, and preventative responses to criminal in investigations.
Proactive policing can be described as preventing crime, while reactive policing involves responding to a crime that is taking place right now or that has already taken place. ... Reactive policing, on the other hand, involves reacting to something that has already happened.
Reactive, proactive, and preventative responses are different approaches in criminal investigations, each emphasizing a distinct strategy and timing.
Reactive Response:
In criminal investigations, a reactive response happens after a crime has been committed and reported. Police respond to the incident, gather information, and look for leads in order to find and catch the offender(s).
Proactive Response:
Taking preventative action to stop crime before it happens is a proactive reaction in criminal investigations. By using this strategy, one hopes to spot any prospective criminal activity, suspicious behavior patterns, or criminally inclined people.
Preventative Response:
Criminal investigations that use a preventative approach examine the underlying causes and circumstances that contribute to criminal behaviour in addition to urgent crime prevention.
In order to effectively combat crime and preserve public safety, law enforcement organisations frequently combine reactive, proactive, and preventative measures.
Learn more about Reactive Response here:
brainly.com/question/28831485
#SPJ5
Kyle purchased collision insurance on his new car. While Kyle was driving home from work, another driver failed to stop at a stop sign and hit Kyle’s car. Kyle phoned his insurance agent and reported the accident. The agent said, "Don’t worry, Kyle, we’ll pay to get your car fixed. After we pay for the damage to your car, we will try to collect from the driver who damaged your car." The process the agent described is called:
Answer:
The process the agent described is called Subrogation.
Explanation:
Subrogation is a process in insurance law by which a person (Party A) is exchanged with another party (Party B) regarding a legal right or claim. The party who supplanted the original party is entitled to the rights and liabilities, remedies or securities which ought to have accrued to the party subrogated (party A). For instance, if Mr. X is indebted to Mr. Y in a tune of the sum of $1000, Mr. Z(the subrogee) can subrogate to Mr. Y (subrogor) by making good of Mr. X indebtedness to Mr. Y. Thereafter, Mr. Z can claim against Mr. X and will be entitled to recover the sum of $ 1000 from Mr. X. Subrogation is an exception to the doctrine of "Privity of Contract" in law.
From the above question, the statement of the agent to Kylie with regards to the driver is a clear indication of Subrogation.
How does Ernest Hemingway symbolically represent the psychological damage and loss caused by the war experiences of the soldiers in his short story "In Another Country"?
Answer:
Symbolically representation of the psychological damage and loss caused by the war experiences of the soldiers.Explanation:
Ernest Hemingway's short story "In Another Country" talks about the psychological damage loss caused by war experiences of the soldiers through mental conflicts in which the injured soldiers find themselves.
Hemingway mentions how he and the other injured soldiers faced provocation and hostility from the people and the Italian soldiers when they walked across the streets.
He tells how the medals he wore were earned through accident, while theirs were awarded for their heroic acts in the face of great danger.
Hemingway says that soldiers who suffer from physical injury also suffer from emotional injury. Though various measures were taken to help these men heal, he says that they will suffer alone, in isolation, having lost something important that once connected them to the world.
Answer: He uses the physical injuries the soldiers to represent the damage
Explanation:
Took the test and got the right answer
The type of vegetation that grows in a particular climatic zone is influenced mostly by __________. Which term best completes the sentence?
a.precipitation
b.prevailing
c.winds ocean
d.currents latitud
Answer: a) precipitation
Explanation:
Precipitation defined as the weather condition which brings rainfall in any particular climate zone as per the conditions. Vegetation of any climatic zone is influenced through rainfall because soil has certain potential to hold water in certain amount.
If precipitation is high of any neutral climatic zone then there might be chances of water overflow or flooding and low precipitation can lead to scarcity of water due to which growth of vegetation will not take place properly.
Other options are incorrect because wind oceans, latitude and prevail does not impact the vegetation that takes place in any certain climate zone. Thus, the correct option is option(a).
Answer: (a) precipitation
Explanation:
In discussing political correctness, Barbour and Wright state that an example of this phenomenon is ______. a. closed primaries that stop unaffiliated voters from participating in these elections b. a university speech code outlawing demeaning language c. literacy tests that prevent uneducated citizens from voting d. civics education that emphasizes the importance of the founders
In discussing political correctness, Barbour and Wright state that an example of this phenomenon is ( c ) literacy tests that prevent uneducated citizens from voting .
Explanation:
In america before 1970, their existed issues pertaining to the voting rights and in many states of america the people who wanted to cast their votes where asked to undergo a literacy test.
Brendon has trouble seeing colors because the cones in his eyes do not work properly. When Brendon does see color, he sees primarily in blues, yellows, and shades of gray and confuses reds and greens. Brendon suffers from ______.dichromatic vision
Answer: Dichromatic vision
Explanation:
For many people, it is common to see various ranges of colors, especially those primaries which are taught from the beginning of school life. Some people cannot see the primary colors, this condition is called dichromatic vision. Dichromatic vision can be defined as that vision where a primary color cannot be seen.
The person with dichromatic vision only gets to perceive two of the three primary colors of the retina. In the case of Brendon, he can see blue and yellow, but he sees gray shadows and confuses them with the colors red and green.
The fact that a person has a dichromatic vision does not affect their lifestyle, the only thing that certain primary colors cannot perceive. It is important that a person who feels that he cannot distinguish certain colors should turn to their GP to study thoroughly if it is due to the specific condition or another.
Jim has decided to run a marathon. He has been running every morning in preparation. This initiation or production of behavior associated with motivation is also known as "_____."
Answer:
Activation.
Explanation:
Activation, is also known as arousal, is the behavior associated with the motivation in the given case.
The theory of arousal is the theory that suggests that a person is motivated to perform certain actions according to his level of optimum arousal.
The optimal level of arousal varies from person to person. A person with a higher level of optimal arousal is likely to perform activities that involve more energy whereas, a person with a low optimal level of arousal would perform tasks that are lenient and soothing.
In the given case, Jim's initiation to run every morning is associated with activation. In this, his level of arousal is activated that will keep him motivated.
In January 2007, TJX disclosed that hackers had breached its credit card systems. The company reported that the attackers might have accessed credit card data going back to 2002. It reported that 45.7 million credit and debit card numbers might have been disclosed. At the time, the breach was believed to be the largest ever. Banks and customers sued TJX in connection with the breach. State governments also sued the company for failing to protect the credit card information of state residents. Given the nature of this breach, which federal agency opened an investigation?a. the Federal Trade Commission
b. the Federal Reserve System
c. the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
d. the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau
Answer:
Given the nature of the breach, the Federal Trade Commission should have opened an investigation.
Explanation:
The nature of the breach mentioned in the case is utterly financial. Though it is a clear civil offense that could be dealt with by any general investigation agency functioning in the United States, the degree of the forgery involved was of greatest concern which required a special investigation agency to delve down into the probe. Hence, the Federal Trade Commission, by law, opened the investigation in the case.A friend asks you to help him steal a car so he can drive his roommate to a doctor's appointment. You refuse, reasoning that laws and rules are a part of society for a reason and you do not want to disrupt the status quo. According to Kohlberg's theory, you are using _______ reasoning
Answer:
The answer is conventional reasoning.
Explanation:
Lawrence Kohlberg's stages of moral development are considered an adaptation concerning a psychological theory that was established by psychologist Jean Piaget. Kohlberg also began to work in aspects related to this topic in 1958 and he continued studying it throughout his life.
The conventional level of moral reasoning is usually seen in adolescents and adults. Reasoning in a conventional way implies to judge actions' morality through the comparisons between them and the aspects related to views and expectations in society. An important characteristic concerning conventional morality consists of the acceptance of society's conventions about what is wrong and what is right.
An offense committed in the presence of an officer can be the basis of an arrest without a warrant. "In the presence of" includes the use of any or all of the five senses - sight, hearing, taste, touch, or smell.
Answer: True
Options: True/False
Explanation: An officer who is present when a crime is being committed can make an arrest without a warrant. Their presence includes the use of any of their senses, whether they hear, see, smell, to perceive that a crime is being committed.
However, an officer can't make an arrest based on a hunch or a suspicion. While she does not have to be absolutely certain, there needs to be a belief based on facts or circumstances to make such an arrest. This is known as probable cause.
Sandra has been actively planning for her retirement and today, finally, is her last day on the job! Developmental experts would use these circumstances to place her specifically in:________
Answer:
Late midlife.Explanation:
The period of midlife is the most pivot period of an individual's life. It approximately spans from age 40 to age 65. This period of life can be a stressful time. It is the period of preparing for aging, retirement and saving for old age.
If Sandra has been actively planning for her retirement and today, finally, is her last day on the job, she could be at the period of late midlife. It ranges from the age of 60 to 75 in an individuals life. By this period of time, Sandra have had saved enough to sustain herself for the rest of her life without working.
Sandra wants to study how students in their senior year of high school prepare for college. She starts by visiting an elite boarding school nearby. Sandra knows that to make general claims about seniors preparing for college, she will need to:
visit more schools so that her sample is representative of the group she wants to generalize to T/F
Answer:
That statement is true
Explanation:
In research, generalization occurs when we make a statement that applicable to a certain group or sitaution.
In the example above, Sandra wants to study study how students in their senior year of high school prepare for college. This means that the group that she wants to generalize are the students in the senior year of their high school.
If Sandra only visit the elite boarding school and use it as her only subject, the result wouldn't represent the students in senior high school as a whole. The students in elite high school are more likely to be well-off and have better learning system compared to the students in average high school.
This is why Sandra needs to visit more schools with different criteria in order to make general claims about the seniors.
Psychologists who study sensation and perception sometimes state that pain messages are carried to the brain by ""fast"" and ""slow"" neural pathways. It is MOST likely that the fast pathway consists of ______ neurons.
Answer:
myelinated neurons.
Explanation:
In medicine and psychology, experts say that there are basically two types of neurons, one is the myelinated neurons and the other is the unmyelinated neurons.
Myelinated neurons conducts the impulses and information in a faster way because myelin acts as an insulator to the electrical signs. Unmyelinated neurons are slower conductors of impulses since they lack the insulator myelin provides.Therefore, since psychologists who study sensation and perception sometimes state that pain messages are carried to the brain by ""fast"" and ""slow"" neural pathways. It is MOST likely that the fast pathway consists of myelinated neurons since they are faster at conducting impulses.
Which of the following was an early approach to federalism in which the national government and state governments had powers over separate spheres, derived from the specifications of the constitution, and operated independently within their separate arenas of authority?
Answer:
Dual federalism
Explanation:
Dual federalism is a type of federalism in which the national government and state government had separate grants of power, act within their separate spheres, derived from the specifications of the constitution and rarely interact. This system of federalism is also referred to as layered cake federalism.