How much electrical charge does an atom with 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 5 electrons have? How much electrical charge does an atom with 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 5 electrons have? a total charge of +17 a negative charge of -5 a positive charge of +7 a positive charge of +1 none of the above

Explanation:

[tex]Na_2O + H_2O[/tex] → [tex]2NaOH[/tex]

[tex]Na_2O + 2HCl[/tex] → [tex]2NaCl +H_2O[/tex]

     2. Sulphur trioxide

[tex]SO_3 + H_2O[/tex] → [tex]H_2SO_4[/tex]

The oxides of period 3 elements from Sodium to Argon have different acid-base character. Generally, metal oxides like Sodium Oxide are basic and react with water to form bases, whereas non-metal oxides like Sulphur Trioxide are acidic and react with water to form acids.

The oxides of the period 3 elements from Sodium (Na) to Argon (Ar) present different acid-base character. In general, the metal oxides like Sodium Oxide (Na2O) are basic whereas the non-metal oxides like Sulphur Trioxide (SO3) are acidic.

Starting with Sodium Oxide, it is a basic oxide and when reacted with water, forms a base. The balanced equation is as follows:
Na2O(s) + H2O(l) -> 2NaOH(aq)

On the other hand, Sulphur Trioxide is an acidic oxide because it reacts with water to form an acid. The balanced equation for this reaction is:
SO3(g) + H2O(l) -> H2SO4(aq)

This difference in acid-base character has to do with the nature of the elements themselves: metals tend to form basic oxides, whereas non-metals form acidic or neutral oxides.

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The net ionic equation for the reaction HCN(aq) + KOH(aq) ⟶ H2O(l) + KCN(aq) is: H+ (aq) + OH- (aq) ⟶ H2O(l), after factoring out the spectator ions.

The subject of this question is the net ionic equation for the chemical reaction HCN(aq) + KOH(aq) ⟶ H2O(l) + KCN(aq). First, we write out the full molecular equation. Secondly, we break all aqueous compounds (those in a water solution) down into their ions, resulting in the total or full ionic equation. We then eliminate ions that show up on both sides of the equation as they don't play a part in the actual chemical reaction and are thus 'spectators'. What remains is termed the net ionic equation.

The full molecular equation is: HCN(aq) + KOH(aq) ⟶ H2O(l) + KCN(aq). The full ionic equation is: H+ (aq) + CN- (aq) + K+ (aq) + OH- (aq) ⟶ H2O(l) + K+ (aq) + CN- (aq). From this, the K+ (aq) and CN- (aq) are on both sides and can be eliminated as spectator ions. Thus, the net ionic equation is: H+ (aq) + OH- (aq) ⟶ H2O(l).

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For the reaction [tex]HCN (aq) + KOH (aq) \rightarrow H_2O (l) + KCN (aq)[/tex], the net ionic equation is [tex]HCN (aq) + OH^- (aq) \rightarrow H_2O (l) + CN^- (aq)[/tex] .

For the chemical reaction [tex]HCN (aq) + KOH (aq) \rightarrow H_2O (l) + KCN (aq)[/tex], let's write the net ionic equation including the phases:

First, we'll break down the reaction into its ionic components:

The complete ionic equation is:

[tex]HCN (aq) + K^+ (aq) + OH^- (aq) \rightarrow H_2O (l) + K^+ (aq) + CN^- (aq)[/tex]

Next, we cancel out the spectator ions (K+) to get the net ionic equation:

[tex]HCN (aq) + OH^- (aq) \rightarrow H_2O (l) + CN^- (aq)[/tex]

According to the atomic theory, atoms are neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction. This emphasizes the Law of Conservation of Mass and the principle that atoms combine in simple whole number ratios to form compounds.

According to the atomic theory, atoms are neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction. This principle is a part of Dalton's atomic theory, which lays the foundation for our understanding of chemical reactions. In essence, this law, often referred to as the Law of Conservation of Mass, indicates that in a chemical reaction, atoms are rearranged to form new substances, but the total number of atoms remains unchanged.

All matter is composed of atoms, which are the basic building blocks of matter. Atoms of the same element have identical properties, while atoms of different elements have unique properties. These atoms can combine in simple whole number ratios to form chemical compounds, adhering to the principle that atoms are indivisible in chemical processes.

Understanding this aspect of atomic theory is crucial for grasping the fundamentals of chemistry, as it underlines the conservation of mass in chemical reactions and the formation of compounds from atoms in specific ratios.

Answer:

NaNO₃ and AgCl are the two products that can be formed.

Sodium nitrate, an aqueous solution and a solid silver chloride (precipitate)

Explanation:

We determine the dissociation of both salts

AgNO₃ (aq) → Ag⁺ (aq) + NO₃⁻ (aq)

NaCl (aq) →  Na⁺ (aq) + Cl⁻ (aq)

We make the ionic equation:

Ag⁺ (aq) + NO₃⁻ (aq) + Na⁺ (aq) + Cl⁻ (aq) → NaNO₃(aq) + AgCl (s) ↓

NaNO₃ and AgCl are the two products that can be formed on exchanging ions.

Sodium nitrate, an aqueous solution and a solid silver chloride (precipitate)

We determine the dissociation of both salts.

AgNO₃ (aq) → Ag⁺ (aq) + NO₃⁻ (aq)

NaCl (aq) →  Na⁺ (aq) + Cl⁻ (aq)

Ionic equation:

Ag⁺ (aq) + NO₃⁻ (aq) + Na⁺ (aq) + Cl⁻ (aq) → NaNO₃(aq) + AgCl (s) ↓

Thus, NaNO₃ and AgCl are the two products that can be formed.

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Answer: [tex]2.49^0C[/tex]

Explanation:

Depression in freezing point is:

[tex]T_f^0-T_f=i\times k_f\times \frac{w_2\times 1000}{M_2\times w_1}[/tex]

where,

[tex]T_f[/tex] = freezing point of solution = ?

[tex]T^o_f[/tex] =  freezing point of solvent (cyclohexane) = [tex]6.50^oC[/tex]

[tex]k_f[/tex] =  freezing point constant  of  solvent (cyclohexane)  = [tex]20.0^oC/m[/tex]

m = molality

i = Van't Hoff factor = 1 (for non-electrolyte)

[tex]w_2[/tex] = mass of solute (biphenyl) = 0.771 g

[tex]w_1[/tex] = mass of solvent (cyclohexane) = 25.0 g

[tex]M_2[/tex] = molar mass of solute (biphenyl) =

Now put all the given values in the above formula, we get:

[tex](6.50-T_f)^oC=1\times (20.0^oC/m)\times \frac{(0.771g)\times 1000}{154\times (25.0g)}[/tex]

[tex](6.50-T_f)^oC=4.01[/tex]

[tex]T_f=2.49^0C[/tex]

Therefore, the freezing point of a solution made by dissolving 0.771 g of biphenyl in 25.0 g of cyclohexane is [tex]2.49^0C[/tex]

The freezing point of a solution made by dissolving 0.771 g of biphenyl in 25.0 g of cyclohexane is 2.50 °C. This is calculated using the freezing point depression formula with the cryoscopic constant and the molality of the solution.

The freezing point of a solution made by dissolving 0.771 g of biphenyl (C12H10) in 25.0 g of cyclohexane can be calculated using the concept of freezing point depression. The formula to calculate the freezing point depression (ΔTf) is given by ΔTf = i * Kf * m, where ΔTf is the freezing point depression, i is the van't Hoff factor (which is 1 for non-electrolytes like biphenyl), Kf is the cryoscopic constant of the solvent, and m is the molality of the solute in the solution.

First, we need to calculate the molality of biphenyl in cyclohexane, which is calculated by moles of biphenyl per kilogram of cyclohexane. The molar mass of biphenyl (C12H10) is 154.21 g/mol. Therefore, moles of biphenyl = 0.771 g / 154.21 g/mol = 0.005 moles. Since there is 25.0 g of cyclohexane, this is equivalent to 0.025 kg. Thus, molality (m) = 0.005 moles / 0.025 kg = 0.2 mol/kg.

Using the provided cryoscopic constant (Kf) for cyclohexane, which is 20.0 °C/m, we can calculate the freezing point depression: ΔTf = 1 * 20.0 °C/m * 0.2 = 4.0 °C.

Finally, the freezing point of the solution is the freezing point of pure cyclohexane (6.50 °C) minus the freezing point depression (ΔTf): 6.50 °C - 4.0 °C = 2.50 °C.

Answer:

9.04 g

Explanation:

Given that:

pH of NaOH = 13.40

pOH = 14 - pH

pOH = 14 - 13.40

pOH = 0.6

Now, from there we can find the concentration of NaOH = [OH⁻]

= [tex]10^{-pOH}[/tex]

= [tex]10^{-0.6}[/tex]

= 0.2512 M

Given that; volume = 0.9 L

∴ number of moles of NaOH = volume × concentration of NaOH

= 0.9 × 0.2512

= 0.2261 moles

mass of NaOH = number of moles of NaOH × molar mass of  NaOH

mass of NaOH = 0.2261  × 40

mass of NaOH = 9.04 g

Answer:

Autobiographical memory  

Explanation:

Autobiographical memory is the memory of specific events that you experienced personally earlier in your life.  

According to the ideal gas law, the sum of the absolute temperature of the gas and the universal gas constant is equal to the product of the pressure and volume of one gram of an ideal gas. The volume of the balloon is  2.016 L.

The general gas equation, commonly referred to as the ideal gas law, represents the state of a fictitious ideal gas through an equation. The ideal gas law approximates the behavior of several gases under numerous conditions, despite the fact that it has a number of drawbacks.

n = (4.00 g) / (44.01 g/mol)

n = 0.090 mol

V = nRT / P

V = (0.090mol) × (0.08206 L atm / (mol K)) × (273 K) / (1 atm)

V = 2.016 L

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Using the ideal gas law and the conditions of STP, the volume of the balloon after the dry ice has sublimed would be approximately 2.24 liters.

To solve this, we need to use the ideal gas law: PV=nRT, where P is pressure, V is

volume, n is number of moles, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is temperature. Given that the question mentions.

Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP), we know that P is 1 atmosphere and T is 273.15 K. First, calculate n by dividing the mass of CO2 (4.00g) by its molar mass (~44.01 g/mol). This gives approximately 0.09 moles. Plug these values into the ideal gas law, making sure to use R's value for volume in liters (0.0821 L*atm/mol*K). This yields a final

volume of approximately 2.24 liters.

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Answer:

Rods and Cone can best fill in the spaces.

Explanation:

Bipolar cells exist between photoreceptors (rod cells and cone cells) and ganglion cells. They act, directly or indirectly, to transmit signals from the photoreceptors to the ganglion cells.

Bipolar cells receive synaptic input from either rods or cones, or both rods and cones, though they are generally designated rod bipolar or cone bipolar cells. There are roughly 10 distinct forms of cone bipolar cells, however, only one rod bipolar cell, due to the rod receptor arriving later in the evolutionary history than the cone receptor.

In the dark, a photoreceptor (rod/cone) cell will release glutamate, which inhibits the ON bipolar cells and excites (depolarizes) the OFF bipolar cells. In light, however, light strikes the photoreceptor which causes the photoreceptor to be inhibited (hyperpolarized) due to the activation of opsins which activate All trans-Retinal, giving energy to stimulate G-Protein coupled receptors to activate phosphodiesterase (PDE) which cleaves cGMP into 5'-GMP. That is the mechanism of reaction.

Multiple photoreceptor cells send combined messages to a bipolar cell, and a single photoreceptor may directly link to a single bipolar cell.

The correct answer to the question is: Multiple photoreceptor cells send combined messages to a bipolar cell, whereas a single photoreceptor may link directly to a single bipolar cell. Photoreceptor cells are sensitive to light and transmit signals to ganglion cells that carry the signal to the brain. The communication between photoreceptors and bipolar cells in the retina is essential for visual processing.

Certain photoreceptors directly synapse onto bipolar cells, leading to direct effects, whereas other photoreceptors can synapse onto multiple bipolar cells, contributing to combined messages being sent through their graded postsynaptic potentials.

Answers: The Stemming

Answer:

d = 4.50 g/cm³

Explanation:

Given data:

Edge length of a cube = 11.4 mm  (11.4/10 = 1.14 cm)

Mass of cube = 6.67 g

Density = ?

Solution:

Density:

Density is equal to the mass of substance divided by its volume.

Units:

SI unit of density is Kg/m3.

Other units are given below,

g/cm3, g/mL , kg/L

Formula:

D=m/v

D= density

m=mass

V=volume

Symbol:

The symbol used for density is called rho. It is represented by ρ. However letter D can also be used to represent the density.

First of all we will calculate the volume of cube.

Volume = length × width × height

Since all are equal,that's why

Volume = 1.14 cm ×  1.14 cm × 1.14 cm

Volume = 1.482 cm³

d = m/v

d = 6.67 g/ 1.482 cm³

d = 4.50 g/cm³

Answer:

second law of thermodynamics.

Explanation:

The second law of thermodynamics deals with interconversion of energy from one form to another. Although energy can be converted from one form to another, this conversion is never 100% efficient because energy is lost in certain ways such as through heat. In a combustion engine, it is not possible to recover the energy from the gasoline 100% since energy must be lost along the way via such means as heat losses. Hence I will be skeptical about such an advert.

Answer:

d. condensation level

Explanation:

Condensation level is the elevation above the surface where a cloud first forms when air get into it. Because at that region, it is said that the humidity of the air will have reached it peak, then condensation starts to set in. As we equally known that when condensation occurs, water vapor in the air presumably changes into liquid water. So, we can therefore conclude that the significance of the condensation level is to assist in formation of clouds.

Answer:

Primary active transport                                                                                              

Explanation:

In a cell, the movement of molecules like calcium ions (Ca²⁺), to a region having high solute concentration from a region having low solute concentration, through the cell membrane requires metabolic energy and is known as Primary active transport.

It is given that the concentration of calcium in the cell (0.3%) is greater than the concentration of calcium in the fluid surrounding the cell (0.1%). So the calcium ions move into the cell and the cell obtains more calcium.

Therefore, the cell obtains more calcium by the process of Primary active transport.

25.55 grams of tetraphosphorus decaoxide could be produced by the reaction.

Explanation:

First the balanced chemical reaction of the production of tetraphosphorus decaoxide is to be known.

The chemical equation is

10 KClO3 + 3P4⇒ 3 P4010 + 10 KCl

The number of moles of KCLO3 will be calculated by the formula:

number of moles = mass of the compound given ÷ atomic mass of the compound

n = 37.1 ÷ 122.55     ( atomic mass of KClO3 is 122.55 gm/mole)

   = 0.30 moles

From the stoichiometry

10 moles of KClO3 is required to produce 3 moles of P4O10

when 0.30 moles of KClO3 is used x moles of P4O10 is formed

thus, 3 ÷ 10 = x ÷ 0.30

   = 0.09 moles of KClO3 is produced

To know the mass of P4O10 apply the formula

mass = number of moles × atomic mass

        = 0.09 × 283.886   ( atomic mass of P4O10 is 283.88 gram/mole)

         = 25.55 grams of P4O10 could be produced.

Answer:

a: 1

b: 4.5x10⁻⁴

c: 1.125x10⁻⁶

[H₃O⁺] = 0.000859M

Explanation:

As HNO₂ is a weak acid, its equilibrium in water is:

HNO₂(aq) + H₂O(l) ⇄ H₃O⁺(aq) + NO₂⁻(aq)

Equilibrium constant, ka, is defined as:

ka = 4.5x10⁻⁴ = [H₃O⁺] [NO₂⁻] / [HNO₂] (1)

Equilibrium concentration of each specie are:

[HNO₂] = 0.00250M - x

[H₃O⁺] = x

[NO₂⁻] = x

Replacing in (1):

4.5x10⁻⁴ = x × x / 0.00250M - x

1.125x10⁻⁶ - 4.5x10⁻⁴x = x²

0 = x² + 4.5x10⁻⁴x - 1.125x10⁻⁶

As the quadratic equation is ax² + bx + c = 0

Coefficients are:

a: 1

b: 4.5x10⁻⁴

c: 1.125x10⁻⁶

Now, solving quadratic equation:

x = -0.0013 → False answer, there is no negative concentrations.

x = 0.000859

As [H₃O⁺] = x; [H₃O⁺] = 0.000859M

I hope it helps!

Answer:

0.2 moles of solute are in 200 mL

Explanation:

If we assume an aqueous solution, the solvent's density is 1g/mL

Solvent's volume = 200 mL

Solvent's density = Solvent's mass / Solvent's volume

Solvent's mass = solvent's density . solvent's volume → 200 mL . 1g/mL = 200 g

1 m means molality, we have 1 mol of solute in 1000 g of solvent, but in here the mass of solvent is 200 g. Let's make a rule of three:

1000 g of solvent have 1 mol of solute

Therefore, 200 g of solvent must have (200 .1) / 1000 = 0.2 moles

There are 0.2 moles of solute in 200 milliliters of a 1 M solution.

The question asks how many moles of solute are contained in 200 milliliters of a 1 m solution. To find the answer, we must understand the difference between molarity (M) and molality (m). Molarity is the number of moles of solute per liter of solution, while molality is the number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent. However, taking into account that typically, a '1 M solution' is often used to denote molarity, and it is indicated that 1 M equals 1 mole solute in 1 liter solution, we can use this information.

First, we convert the volume from milliliters to liters assuming the usage of molarity. So, 200 milliliters is 0.2 liters. Then, we apply the formula for molarity:

moles solute = Molarity (M)  imes Volume (L)

moles solute = 1 M  imes 0.2 L

moles solute = 0.2 moles

Therefore, there are 0.2 moles of solute in 200 milliliters of a 1 m solution.

Answer:

C2H5Cl + H20 ⇆ C2OOH4

Explanation:

The left over acetyl chloride which reacted with water to produce acetic acid

Answer:

           [tex]\large\boxed{\large\boxed{24.6kJ}}[/tex]

Explanation:

1. Energy to heat the liquid water from 55ºC to 100ºC

     [tex]Q=m\times C\times \Delta T[/tex]

     [tex]Q=10.1g\times 4.18J/g\ºC\times 45\ºC=1,899.81J[/tex]

2. Energy to change the liquid to steam at 100ºC

      [tex]L=\lambda \times n[/tex]

      [tex]L=40.6kJ/mol\times 0.5604mol=22.76214kJ=22,762.14J[/tex]

3. Total energy

       [tex]1,899.81J+22,762.14J=24,661.95J\approx24,662J\approx24.6kJ[/tex]

To heat and vaporize 10.1 g of water from 55 ℃ to 100 ℃, 1.893 kJ is required for heating and 22.7643 kJ for vaporization, resulting in a total energy requirement of 24.6573 kJ.

The student is asking about the calculation of energy to heat and vaporize water. To perform the calculation, we will use two different properties of water: its specific heat capacity and its molar heat of vaporization.

Firstly, we need to calculate the energy required to heat the water from 55 ℃ to 100 ℃. The specific heat capacity of liquid water is 4.184 J/g°C. Using the formula q = mcΔT, where q is the heat energy, m is the mass of the water, and ΔT is the temperature change, we can calculate the required energy to heat the water.

q = (10.1 g)(4.184 J/g°C)(100 ℃ - 55 ℃)= (10.1 g)(4.184 J/g°C)(45 ℃)= 1892.964 J or 1.893 kJ

Secondly, we calculate the energy required to vaporize the water at 100 ℃. We need the molar heat of vaporization of water, which is 40.6 kJ/mol. To do this, we convert the mass of water to moles (given that the molar mass of water is approximately 18.02 g/mol), and then multiply by the molar heat of vaporization.

Moles of water = mass of water / molar mass of water
= 10.1 g / 18.02 g/mol≈ 0.5605 mol

Energy for vaporization = moles of water × molar heat of vaporization
= 0.5605 mol × 40.6 kJ/mol≈ 22.7643 kJ

The total energy required is the sum of the energy to heat the water and the energy to vaporize it:
Total energy = energy to heat + energy to vaporize
= 1.893 kJ + 22.7643 kJ≈ 24.6573 kJ

Answer:

Explanation:

1) An aerosol can contains gases under a pressure of 4.50 atm at 20.0 degrees Celsius. If the can is left on a hot, sandy beach, the pressure of the gases increases to 4.78 atm. What is the Celsius temperature on the beach?

Given data:

Initial pressure = 4.50 atm

Initial temperature = 20.0°C (20 +273 = 293 K)

Final pressure = 4.78 atm

Final temperature = ?  (in °C)

Solution:

According to the Gay-Lussac law,

The temperature of given constant amount of a gas at constant volume is directly proportional to its absolute temperature.

Mathematical expression:

P₁/T₁ = P₂/T₂

P₁ = Initial pressure

T₁ = Initial temperature

P₂ = Final pressure

T₂ = Final temperature

Now we will put the values:

P₁/T₁ = P₂/T₂

4.50 atm / 293 k = 4.78 atm / T₂

T₂ = 4.78 atm. 293 k / 4.50 atm

T₂ = 1400.54  atm.K  / 4.50 atm

T₂ = = 311.23 k

K to °C

311.23 k - 273.15 = 38.08°C

2) A sample of gas contains NO, NO2, and N2O. The pressure of the gas mixture is 4.68 atm. The pressure of NO is 501.6 mm Hg, whereas the pressure of NO2 is 2.54 atm. What is the pressure of N2O? HINT: All pressure units must be the same.

Given data:

Total pressure of gaseous mixture = 4.68 atm

Pressure of NO = 501.6 mmHg

Pressure of NO₂ = 2.54 atm

Pressure of N₂O = ?

Solution:

The given problem will be solve through the Dalton law of partial pressure.

According to this law,

" The total pressure of mixture of a gas is equal to the sum of partial pressure of all the component of gas"

Now we will convert the pressure of NO₂  in to atm.

Pressure of NO = 501.6/760 = 0.66 atm

Formula:

Total pressure = partial pressure of NO +  partial pressure of NO₂  +  partial pressure of N₂O

4.68 atm = 0.66 atm +  2.54 atm +  partial pressure of N₂O

4.68 atm = 3.2 atm +  partial pressure of N₂O

Partial pressure of N₂O = 4.68 atm - 3.2 atm

Partial pressure of N₂O = 1.48 atm

To confirm the answer:

Total pressure = partial pressure of NO +  partial pressure of NO₂  +  partial pressure of N₂O

4.68 atm =  0.66 atm +  2.54 atm +  1.48 atm

4.68 atm = 4.68 atm

Answer: The chemical formula of the given compound will be [tex]S_2O_2[/tex]

Explanation:

The compound formed is disulfur dioxide.

Covalent compound is defined as the compound which is formed by the sharing of electrons between the atoms forming a compound. These are usually formed when two non-metals react.

Disulfur dioxide is a covalent compound because sharing of electrons takes place between sulfur and oxygen. Both the elements are non-metals and hence, will form covalent bond.

The nomenclature of covalent compound is given by:

Hence, the chemical formula of the given compound will be [tex]S_2O_2[/tex]

Final answer:

The chemical formula for disulfur dioxide is S₂O₂, composed of two sulfur atoms and two oxygen atoms.

Explanation:

The chemical formula for disulfur dioxide is S₂O₂. This compound consists of two sulfur atoms and two oxygen atoms. Disulfur dioxide is not as common as sulfur dioxide (SO₂), which is known for being a toxic gas with a strong odor and commonly discussed in relation to atmospheric pollution and volcanic emissions. In the context of Jupiter's moon Io, sulfur dioxide plays a significant role due to the volcanic activity there, causing sulfur and sulfur dioxide to recondense as particles and affect the moon's atmosphere and surface.

Answer:

The answer to the question is

The equilibrium partial pressure (atm) of ammonia, assuming that some solid NH₄HS remains 0.26 atm.

Explanation:

To solve the question, we write out the chemical equation as follows

NH₄HS (s) ⇄ NH₃ (g) + H₂S (g)

From the above equation, it is observed that only the gaseous products contribute to the partial pressure

Kp =PNH₃·PH₂S where at Kp = 0.070 and PNH₃, PH₂S are the partial pressures of the gases

However since the number of moles of both gases are equal, therefore by Avogadro's law PNH₃ = PH₂S

Then PNH₃  = √(0.07) = PH₂S = 0.2645 atm. ≅ 0.26 atm.

Answer:

it is acidified with concentrated hydrochloric acid.

Answer:

The autoionization of water is:

2H₂O ⇄  H₃O⁺  +  OH⁻        Kw

Explanation

2 moles of water can generate hydronium and hydroxide, when they work as an acid or as a base

If we take account that the concentration of protons (hydroniums), at the standard temperature is 1×10⁻⁷ M, it can be considered that the molarity of water is a constant that can be incorporated into a “greater” constant that also includes to Kc and that is known as ionic product of water, Kw. The expression is:

Kw = [H₃O⁺] . [OH⁻] / [H₂O]²

We do not include water → Kw =  [H₃O⁺] . [OH⁻]

Since the water dissociation reaction produces the same concentration of H₃O⁺ as OH⁻, [OH⁻] in pure water will also be 1×10⁻⁷ M

Kw = 1×10⁻⁷ . 1×10⁻⁷ = 1×10⁻¹⁴

pKw = pH + pOH

14 = 7 + 7

The autoionization of water can be represented by the chemical equation H2O(l) + H2O(l) -> H3O+ (aq) + OH- (aq). At 25 °C, two out of every billion water molecules are ionized, resulting in the formation of hydronium ions and hydroxide ions. The equilibrium constant for this process is Kw, which has a value of 1.0 × 10-14 at 25 °C.

The autoionization of water can be represented by the chemical equation:

H2O(l) + H2O(l) → H3O+ (aq) + OH–(aq)

The equilibrium constant for this reaction is called the ion-product constant for water, Kw. At 25 °C, Kw has a value of 1.0 × 10-14. This indicates that at this temperature, approximately two out of every billion water molecules undergo autoionization to produce hydronium ions (H3O+) and hydroxide ions (OH–).

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To calculate the time required for the reactant concentration to drop to 18% of its initial value in a first-order reaction, we can use the integrated rate law equation and solve for time.

The given question is about a first-order reaction and the task is to calculate the time required for the reactant concentration to drop to 18% of its initial value. In order to solve this, we can use the first-order integrated rate law equation: ln([A]/[A]0) = -kt, where [A] is the reactant concentration at a given time, [A]0 is the initial reactant concentration, k is the rate constant, t is the time, and ln is the natural logarithm function. Rearranging the equation, we get t = -ln(18/100)/k. Substituting the given rate constant (k = 5.50×10−3 s−1) into the equation, we can calculate the time required.

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The time for the reactant concentration to drop to [tex]\frac{1}{8}[/tex] in a first-order reaction is about 378 seconds.

To find out how long it will take for the reactant concentration to drop to [tex]\frac{1}{8}[/tex] of its initial value in a first-order reaction, we can use the integrated rate law formula:

Here, [A] is the final concentration, [A]₀ is the initial concentration, k is the rate constant, and t is the time. Given that the rate constant (k) is 5.50 × 10⁻³ s⁻¹ and for the concentration to drop to [tex]\frac{1}{8}[/tex] of its initial value, we need [tex]\frac{[A]}{[A]_0} = \frac{1}{8}[/tex]:

Therefore, it will take approximately 378 seconds for the reactant concentration to drop to [tex]\frac{1}{8}[/tex] of its initial value.

Complete Question: -

A certain first-order reaction has a rate constant of 5.50×10⁻³ s⁻¹. How long will it take for the reactant concentration to drop to [tex]\frac{1}{8}[/tex] of its initial value?

The pressure at the bottom of the beaker does increase when the water is heated from 10℃ to 90℃ due to the expansion of water and the resultant increase in height of the water column.

When a beaker of water is heated from 10℃ to 90℃, the pressure at the bottom of the beaker increases. This is because as water expands when heated, the water columns above each point at the bottom of the beaker become taller. Since pressure in a fluid is given by the equation P = hρg (where P is pressure, h is the height of the fluid column, ρ is the density of the fluid, and g is the acceleration due to gravity), an increase in height (due to expansion of water) leads to an increase in pressure.

Additionally, it's important to note that while the density of the water decreases slightly as the temperature increases, the effect of the increased height of the water column on pressure outweighs the effect of the reduced density.

Final answer:

Humans contribute to excessive levels of phosphorus through the use of phosphorus-containing detergents, artificial fertilizers, and runoff from animal husbandry. This leads to eutrophication in aquatic ecosystems.

Explanation:

Humans contribute to excessive levels of phosphorus through activities such as using detergents that contain phosphorus, using artificial fertilizers that contain phosphorus, and runoff from animal husbandry. When phosphorus-containing detergents were introduced in the 1950s, it increased the amount of phosphorus available to algae and other plant life in wastewater. This led to excessive growth of algae in lakes, which decreased oxygen levels and caused harm to fish and other aquatic organisms.

Answer:

pH =2.685

Explanation:

mass of acetylsalicylic acid, m = 2  ×  325 m g  ×  (1 g   / 1000 m g )

=  0.65 g

Volume V = 237mL

dissociation constant, Ka =3.3×10⁻⁴

molecular weight of acetylsalicylic acid = 180.1 g/mol

mass of acetylsalicylic acid, (HC₉H₇O₄)

= 0.65 / 180.1

= 0.0036mol

concentration of HC₉H₇O₄ in a 237 mL solution

M = 0.0036 / 237ML

= 0.015M

in a 237 mL solution  HC₉H₇O₄ in water is

C₉H₇O₄⁻ ⇄ H⁺

Next, we show the changes in different phases that occur during the dissociation process. We use the value x as the concentration loss/gained during the dissociation process,

              HC₉H₇O₄          C₉H₇O₄⁻             H⁺

Initial          0.015               0                       0

change       -x                     x                       x

equilibrium  0.015 -x          x                      x

The equation for the dissociation constant Ka ,

[tex]K_a = \frac{[C_9H_7O_4^-[H^+]]}{[HC_9H_7O_4]} \\3.3 * 10^-^4 = \frac{x * x}{0.015 - x} \\4.95 * 10^-^6-3.3 * 10 ^-^4x = x^2\\[/tex]

using quadratic equation

x² + 3.3 * 10⁻⁴x - 4.95 * 10 ⁻⁶ = 0

x = 0.002066M

pH = -log[H⁺]

pH = -log[0.002066]

= 2.685

Answer:

Percent yield = 108%  

Explanation:

Percent yield is the ratio of experimental yield and the theoretical yield multiplied by 100.The expression for the percent yield is given as,

Percent yield =   experimental yield/theoretical yield *100

Percent yield = (3.9/3.6 )*100   = 108%  

Answer : The value of [tex]K_{sp}[/tex] of the generic salt is, [tex]1.60\times 10^{-5}[/tex]

Explanation :

As we are given that, a solubility of salt  is, 8.70 g/L that means 8.70 grams of salt present in 1 L of solution.

First we have to calculate the moles of salt [tex](AB_2)[/tex]

[tex]\text{Moles of }AB_2=\frac{\text{Mass of }AB_2}{\text{Molar mass of }AB_2}[/tex]

Molar mass of [tex]AB_2[/tex] = 345 g/mol

[tex]\text{Moles of }AB_2=\frac{8.70g}{345g/mol}=0.0252mol[/tex]

Now we have to calculate the concentration of [tex]A^{2+}\text{ and }B^-[/tex]

The equilibrium chemical reaction will be:

[tex]AB_2(s)\rightleftharpoons A^{2+}(aq)+2B^-(aq)[/tex]

Concentration of [tex]A^{2+}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{0.0252mol}{1L}=0.0252M[/tex]

Concentration of [tex]B^-[/tex] = [tex]\frac{0.0252mol}{1L}=0.0252M[/tex]

The solubility constant expression for this reaction is:

[tex]K_{sp}=[A^{2+}][B^-]^2[/tex]

Now put all the given values in this expression, we get:

[tex]K_{sp}=(0.0252M)\times (0.0252M)^2[/tex]

[tex]K_{sp}=1.60\times 10^{-5}[/tex]

Thus, the value of [tex]K_{sp}[/tex] of the generic salt is, [tex]1.60\times 10^{-5}[/tex]