Each of the following substrates can react with a nucleophile in a substitution reaction. Select the substrate that cannot undergo substitution via neighboring group participation (NGP). A B C D

Answer:

4.02

Explanation:

The mass ratios will be given by dividing the mass of O₂ into the mass of N₂.

So lets do our calculations:

First Compound:

53.3 g O₂ / 46.7 g N₂ =  1.14

Second Compound:

82.0 g O₂ / 17.9 g N₂ = 4.58

Ratio = 4.58 / 1.14 =  4.02

This result for all practical purposes is a whole number, and it is telling us that there are 4 times as many oxygen atoms in the second coumpound as in the first compound. This is so because the ratio we just calculated is also the ratio in mol atoms:

Ratio = [ mass O₂ / MW O2/ mass N₂/ MW N₂] 2nd compound  /   [mass O₂ / MW O2/ mass N₂/ MW N₂  !st compound]

and the molecular weights cancel each other.

The only N and O compounds that follow this ratio are N₂O₄ and N₂O, and this question could be made in a multiple choice to match  formulas.

Answer: 2

Explanation:

Two different compounds are obtained by combining nitrogen with oxygen. The first compound results from combining 46.7 g of N with 53.3 g of O, and the second compound results from combining 30.4 g of N and 69.6 g of O. Calculate the ratio of the mass ratio of O to N in the second compound to the mass ratio of O to N in the first compound.

2

The ratio of the mass ratio of O to N in the second compound to the mass ratio of O to N in the first compound is calculated as

mass of Omass of N in second compound                                        ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯mass of Omass of N in first compound = 2.291.14 = 2

Thus, the mass ratio of O to N in the second compound is two times the mass ratio of O to N in the first compound.

This is an incomplete question, here is a complete question.

Determine whether each of the following electron configurations is an inert gas, a halogen, an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, or a transition metal. Justify your choices.

(a) [tex]1s^22s^22p^63s^23p^5[/tex]

(b) [tex]1s^22s^22p^63s^23p^63d^74s^2[/tex]

(c) [tex]1s^22s^22p^63s^23p^63d^{10}4s^24p^6[/tex]

(d) [tex]1s^22s^22p^63s^23p^63d^4s^1[/tex]

Answer :

(a) [tex]1s^22s^22p^63s^23p^5[/tex]   → Halogen

(b) [tex]1s^22s^22p^63s^23p^63d^74s^2[/tex]    → Transition metal

(c) [tex]1s^22s^22p^63s^23p^63d^{10}4s^24p^6[/tex]   → Transition metal

(d) [tex]1s^22s^22p^63s^23p^63d^4s^1[/tex]   → Transition metal

Explanation :

Inert gas : These are the gases which lie in group 18.

Their general electronic configuration is: [tex]ns^2np^6[/tex] where n is the outermost shell.

Halogen : These are the elements which lie in group 17.

Their general electronic configuration is: [tex]ns^2np^5[/tex] where n is the outermost shell.

An alkali metal : These are the elements which lie in group 1.

Their general electronic configuration is: [tex]ns^1[/tex] where n is the outermost shell.

An alkaline earth metal : These are the elements which lie in group 2.

Their general electronic configuration is: [tex]ns^2[/tex] where n is the outermost shell.

Transition elements : They are the elements which lie between 's' and 'p' block elements. These are the elements which lie in group 3 to 12. The valence electrons of these elements enter d-orbital.

Their general electronic configuration is: [tex](n-1)d^{1-10}ns^{0-2}[/tex] where n is the outermost shell.

(a) [tex]1s^22s^22p^63s^23p^5[/tex]

The element having this electronic configuration belongs to the halogen family.

(b) [tex]1s^22s^22p^63s^23p^63d^74s^2[/tex]

The element having this electronic configuration belongs to the transition family.

(c) [tex]1s^22s^22p^63s^23p^63d^{10}4s^24p^6[/tex]

The element having this electronic configuration belongs to the transition family.

(d) [tex]1s^22s^22p^63s^23p^63d^4s^1[/tex]

The element having this electronic configuration belongs to the transition family.

1. [tex][Ar]4s^2 3d^10 4p^6[/tex] is an inert gas (krypton, Kr).

2. [tex][Kr]5s^2 4d^10 5p^2[/tex] is a transition metal (zinc, Zn).

3. [tex][He]2s^1[/tex] is an alkali metal (lithium, Li).

4. [tex][Ne]3s^2 3p^5[/tex] is a halogen (chlorine, Cl).

5. [tex][Ar]4s^2[/tex] is an alkaline earth metal (calcium, Ca).

6. [tex][Xe]6s^2 4f^14 5d^10 6p^3[/tex] is not a transition metal but a post-transition metal (bismuth, Bi).

To determine the type of element based on its electron configuration, one must understand the characteristic configurations of the different groups of elements in the periodic table. Here are some general rules:

- Inert gases (also known as noble gases) have completely filled s and p subshells in their valence shell. Their configurations typically end in [tex]ns^2 np^6[/tex], except for helium, which has [tex]1s^2[/tex].

- Halogens have the [tex]ns^2 np^5[/tex] configuration in their valence shell, with the exception of helium, which has [tex]1s^2[/tex].

- Alkali metals have a single electron in their outermost s subshell, denoted as [tex]ns^1[/tex].

- Alkaline earth metals have two electrons in their outermost s subshell, denoted as [tex]ns^2[/tex].

- Transition metals have incompletely filled d subshells in their penultimate energy level. Their configurations typically start with [tex](n-1)d^1 to (n-1)d^10[/tex] in the valence shell.

Let's analyze the given electron configurations:

1. [tex][Ar]4s^2 3d^10 4p^6[/tex]

 - This configuration has a filled 4s subshell, a filled 3d subshell (10 electrons), and a filled 4p subshell. It corresponds to the configuration of an inert gas, specifically krypton (Kr), which has the full configuration [tex][Ar]4s^2 3d^10 4p^6[/tex].

2. [tex][Kr]5s^2 4d^10 5p^2[/tex]

 - This configuration has a filled 5s subshell and a filled 4d subshell, but the 5p subshell is not filled (only 2 electrons out of a possible 6). This does not correspond to an inert gas, a halogen, an alkali metal, or an alkaline earth metal. It is a configuration of an element in group 12, which is a transition metal. Specifically, this is the configuration for zinc (Zn).

3. [tex][He]2s^1[/tex]

 - This configuration has a single electron in the 2s subshell, which is characteristic of an alkali metal. Specifically, this is the configuration for lithium (Li).

4. [tex][Ne]3s^2 3p^5[/tex]

 - This configuration has a filled 3s subshell and the 3p subshell is missing one electron to be filled (5 electrons out of a possible 6). This is the configuration of a halogen, specifically chlorine (Cl).

5. [tex][Ar]4s^2[/tex]

 - This configuration has a filled 4s subshell, which is characteristic of an alkaline earth metal. Specifically, this is the configuration for calcium (Ca).

6. [tex][Xe]6s^2 4f^14 5d^10 6p^3[/tex]

 - This configuration has a filled 6s subshell, a filled 4f subshell (14 electrons), and a filled 5d subshell (10 electrons), but the 6p subshell is not filled (only 3 electrons out of a possible 6). This does not correspond to an inert gas, a halogen, an alkali metal, or an alkaline earth metal. It is the configuration of an element in group 13, which is not a transition metal but a post-transition metal. Specifically, this is the configuration for bismuth (Bi).

In summary:

1. [tex][Ar]4s^2 3d^10 4p^6[/tex] is an inert gas (krypton, Kr).

2. [tex][Kr]5s^2 4d^10 5p^2[/tex] is a transition metal (zinc, Zn).

3. [tex][He]2s^1[/tex] is an alkali metal (lithium, Li).

4. [tex][Ne]3s^2 3p^5[/tex] is a halogen (chlorine, Cl).

5. [tex][Ar]4s^2[/tex] is an alkaline earth metal (calcium, Ca).

6.[tex][Xe]6s^2 4f^14 5d^10 6p^3[/tex] is not a transition metal but a post-transition metal (bismuth, Bi).

Answer : The correct option is, (b) 300. mL of 0.10 M CaCl₂

Explanation :

We have to calculate the number of moles of ions for the following aqueous solutions.

(a)  400. mL of 0.10 M NaCl

[tex]NaCl\rightarrow Na^++Cl^-[/tex]

NaCl dissociates to give 2 moles of ions.

[tex]\text{Moles of ion}=\text{Molarity of }NaCl\times \text{Volume of solution (in L)}[/tex]

Volume of solution = 400. mL = 0.400 L

[tex]\text{Moles of ion}=0.10M\times 0.400L=0.04mol[/tex]

Total moles of ion = 0.04 mol × 2 = 0.08 mol

(b)  300. mL of 0.10 M CaCl₂

[tex]CaCl_2\rightarrow Ca^{2+}+2Cl^-[/tex]

CaCl₂ dissociates to give 3 moles of ions.

[tex]\text{Moles of ion}=\text{Molarity of }CaCl_2\times \text{Volume of solution (in L)}[/tex]

Volume of solution = 300. mL = 0.300 L

[tex]\text{Moles of ion}=0.10M\times 0.300L=0.03mol[/tex]

Total moles of ion = 0.03 mol × 3 = 0.09 mol

(c)  200. mL of 0.10 M FeCl₃

[tex]FeCl_3\rightarrow Fe^{3+}+3Cl^-[/tex]

FeCl₃ dissociates to give 4 moles of ions.

[tex]\text{Moles of ion}=\text{Molarity of }FeCl_3\times \text{Volume of solution (in L)}[/tex]

Volume of solution = 200. mL = 0.200 L

[tex]\text{Moles of ion}=0.10M\times 0.200L=0.02mol[/tex]

Total moles of ion = 0.02 mol × 4 = 0.08 mol

From this we conclude that, [tex]CaCl_2[/tex] aqueous solutions contains the greatest number of ions.

Hence, the correct option is, (b) 300. mL of 0.10 M CaCl₂

The aqueous solution that contains the greatest number of ions is b. 300. mL of 0.10 M CaCl₂.

a. The number of moles in 400. mL of 0.10 M NaCl is:

[tex]0.400 L \times \frac{0.10mol}{L} = 0.040mol[/tex]

Each mole of NaCl contains 2 moles of ions (1 Na⁺ and 1 Cl⁻). The moles of ions in 0.040 moles of NaCl are:

[tex]0.040molNaCl \times \frac{2molIons}{1molNaCl} = 0.080 mol Ions[/tex]

b. The number of moles in 300. mL of 0.10 M CaCl₂ is:

[tex]0.300 L \times \frac{0.10mol}{L} = 0.030mol[/tex]

Each mole of CaCl₂ contains 3 moles of ions (1 Ca²⁺ and 2 Cl⁻). The moles of ions in 0.030 moles of CaCl₂ are:

[tex]0.030molNaCl \times \frac{3molIons}{1molNaCl} = 0.090 mol Ions[/tex]

c. The number of moles in 200. mL of 0.10 M FeCl₃ is:

[tex]0.200 L \times \frac{0.10mol}{L} = 0.020mol[/tex]

Each mole of FeCl₃ contains 4 moles of ions (1 Fe³⁺ and 3 Cl⁻). The moles of ions in 0.020 moles of FeCl₃ are:

[tex]0.020molNaCl \times \frac{4molIons}{1molNaCl} = 0.080 mol Ions[/tex]

The aqueous solution that contains the greatest number of ions is b. 300. mL of 0.10 M CaCl₂.

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The question is incomplete, here is the complete question:

Consider the chemical reaction:

[tex]aCH_4+bO_2\rightarrow cCO_2+dH_2O[/tex]

where a, b, c, and d are unknown positive integers. The reaction must be balanced; that is, the number of atoms of each element must be the same before and after the reaction. For example, because the number of oxygen atoms must remain the same, 2b=2c+d. While there are many possible choices for a, b, c, and d that balance the reaction, it is customary to use the smallest possible integers.

Balance this reaction.

Answer: The value of a, b, c and d in the given chemical equation are 1, 2, 1 and 2 respectively.

Explanation:

Law of conservation of mass states that mass can neither be created nor be destroyed but it can only be transformed from one form to another form.

This also means that total mass on the reactant side must be equal to the total mass on the product side.

For the given chemical reaction:

[tex]aCH_4+bO_2\rightarrow cCO_2+dH_2O[/tex]

On reactant side:

Number of carbon atoms = 1

Number of hydrogen atoms = 4

Number of oxygen atoms = 2

On product side:

Number of carbon atoms = 1

Number of hydrogen atoms = 2

Number of oxygen atoms = 3

We need to balance the number of hydrogen and oxygen atoms. So, the balanced equation for the given reaction becomes:

[tex]CH_4+2O_2\rightarrow CO_2+2H_2O[/tex]

Hence, the value of a, b, c and d in the given chemical equation are 1, 2, 1 and 2 respectively.

Answer:

Ethyl Acetate with a chemical configuration of : CH3CO2CH2CH3

Explanation:

Ethyl Acetate has a density of 902 kg/m³, molar mass of 88.11 g/mol and posses a boiling point of 77.1 °C.

It is to be understood that ethyl acetate is the  ester of ethanol and it is mostly produced in mass production and most especially used in the production of domestic materials especially materials like glue, efostics and dissolving agent. This is a highly toxic and flammable substance. However colorless and possess a sweet smell, it can be highly poisonous when ingested.

Answer:

3500

Explanation:

The equilibrium constant of the reaction which has to be calculated is:-

2 NO2 (g) ⇋ N2(g) + 2 O2(g)

The given chemical equation follows:

1/2 N2 (g) + 1/2 O2 (g) ⇋ NO (g)

The equilibrium constant for the above equation is 0.004.

We need to calculate the equilibrium constant for the reverse equation of above chemical equation and also double of the above chemical equation, which is:

2NO (g) ⇋ N2 (g) + O2 (g)

The equilibrium constant for the reverse double reaction will be the reciprocal of the initial reaction.

If the equation is multiplied by a factor of '2', the equilibrium constant of the reverse reaction will be the square of the equilibrium constant  of initial reaction.

The value of equilibrium constant for reverse reaction is:

[tex]K_{eq}'=(\frac{1}{0.004})^2[/tex]  = 62500

The given chemical equation follows:

2NO2 (g) ⇋ 2NO (g) + O2 (g)

The equilibrium constant for the above equation is 0.056.

Thus, adding the both reaction gives the original reaction. So, equilibrium constant is:- 62500 x 0.056 = 3500

Final answer:

By manipulating and combining the equilibrium constants of related reactions, we find that the Kc for the reaction 2 NO2 (g) ⇋ N2(g) + 2 O2(g) is approximately 3500.

Explanation:

To calculate the equilibrium constant Kc for the reaction 2 NO2 (g) ⇌ N2(g) + 2 O2(g), we need to relate it to the known Kc values of the related reactions:

To find the Kc for the desired reaction, we use the concept of reaction quotients, where the product of the equilibrium constants of two related reactions that gives the target reaction when added together, equals the equilibrium constant of the target reaction. Mathematically, if the second reaction is reversed, its Kc is inverted. Then we can combine the two equations:

The equilibrium constant for the reverse double reaction will be the reciprocal of the initial reaction.

If the equation is multiplied by a factor of '2', the equilibrium constant of the reverse reaction will be the square of the equilibrium constant  of initial reaction.

The value of equilibrium constant for reverse reaction is

K_(eq)'=((1)/(0.004))^2  = 62500

The given chemical equation follows:

2NO2 (g) ⇋ 2NO (g) + O2 (g)

The equilibrium constant for the above equation is 0.056.

Thus, adding the both reaction gives the original reaction. So, equilibrium constant is:- 62500 x 0.056 = 3500

Answer:

See explanation below

Explanation:

This mechanism of polimerization is of one type. This mechanism goes through free radical polimerization, which means that we use a initiator as the radical source, then, the polimerization begins with the breaking of the covalent bonds of that initiator. In this case the benzoyl peroxide. And this mechanism is given in three steps.

In the picture you have the mechanism in the 3 steps:

Answer: it is important because the location of crime tells a lot about possible substances that may have been in the area, may affect the drug substance in question, thus helping in tracking location other substances, why they are there, who used or placed them, assisting you in resolving a scene of crime

Explanation:

Answer:

Enthalpy of gas is greater than that of liquid

Explanation

Ethyl chloride (C2H5Cl) boils at 12 degrees Celsius. When liquid C2H5Cl under pressure is sprayed on a room-temperature (25 degrees Celsius) surface in the air, the surface is cooled considerably.

this preamble could precede the question

Enthalpy

it can defined as the ability of a substance to change at constant pressure, enthalpy tells how much heat and work was added or removed from the substance. Enthalpy is similar to energy, but not the same. When a substance grows or shrinks, energy is used up or released.

The total heat content of a system is known as Enthalp.it is a thermodynamic property. It is the internal energy of the system plus the product of pressure and volume.

H=U+PV........................1

It had an impact on democratically incompatible systems, and it forced people to address those problems.

Democracy is defined as a system of government where the populace has the power to decide legislation and debate issues. Supporting democracy helps build a more safe, stable, and affluent global environment where the United States may advance its national interests in addition to advancing such core American principles as worker rights and freedom of religion.

Democratically incompatible system is defined as a type of government where the people themselves hold the ultimate power and exercise it either directly or indirectly through a system of representation that often includes regular free elections. Democracy that is guided by a constitution. Deliberative democracy is a system in which the key to making moral decisions is real deliberation, not just voting.

Thus, it had an impact on democratically incompatible systems, and it forced people to address those problems.

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Answer: 2.38 grams of silver forms when 3.00g of zinc metal is placed in an aqueous solution containing 3.75g of silver nitrate.

Explanation:

To calculate the number of moles, we use the equation:

[tex]\text{Number of moles}=\frac{\text{Given mass}}{\text{Molar mass}}[/tex] ....(1)

[tex]\text{Number of moles of zinc}=\frac{3.00g}{65g/mol}=0.0462mol[/tex]

[tex]\text{Number of moles of silver nitrate}=\frac{3.75g}{170g/mol}=0.0220mol[/tex]

The chemical equation is:

[tex]Zn(s)+2AgNO_3(aq)\rightarrow Zn(NO_3)_2(aq)+1Ag(s)[/tex]

By stoichiometry of the reaction;

2 moles of silver nitrate reacts with 1 mole of zinc

Thus 0.0220 moles silver nitrate react with=[tex]\frac{1}{2}\times 0.0220=0.0110[/tex] moles of zinc

Thus silver nitrate will acts as limiting reagent and zinc acts as excess reagent.

2 moles of silver nitrate produces 2 mole of silver

Thus 0.0220 moles silver nitrate react with=[tex]\frac{2}{2}\times 0.0220=0.0220[/tex] moles of silver

[tex]0.0220mol=\frac{\text{Mass of silver}}{108g/mol}\\\\\text{Mass of silver}=2.38g[/tex]

Thus 2.38 grams of silver forms when 3.00g of zinc metal is placed in an aqueous solution containing 3.75g of silver nitrate.

Answer:

The conversion factor is 14.79 mL/Tbsp.

Explanation:

To do an unity conversiton, we can make a factor by a ratio transformation:

[tex]3 Tbsp * \frac{14.79 mL}{1Tbsp}[/tex]

So, the conversion factor is 14.79 mL/Tbsp and 3 Tbsp has 44.37 mL.

The conversion factor of the tablespoon to volume has been 14.79mL/tablespoon.

Conversion factor has been defined as the unit that has been used to convert one unit range to another.

The computation with the conversion factor has been used in the system for the calculations and transform in the reactions.

The estimated value of 1 tablespoon has been found to be 14.79 mL. The conversion of 3 tablespoons to mL has been given as:

[tex]\rm 1\;tablespoons=14.79 \;mL\\3\;table spoons=3\;\times\;14.79 \;mL\\3\;tablespoons=44.37\;mL[/tex]

The volume of 3 tablespoon solution has been 44.37 mL.

The conversion has been performed with 1 tablespoon equivalent to 14.79 mL.

Thus, the conversion factor of the tablespoon to volume has been 14.79mL/tablespoon.

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Explanation:

The given data is as follows.

    Flow of chlorine (Q) = [tex]10,000 m^{3}/day[/tex]

Amount of liter present per day is as follows.

                  [tex]10,000 \times 10^{3} l/day[/tex]

It is given that dosage of chlorine will be as follows.

                   10 mg/l = [tex]10 \times 10^{-6}[/tex] kg/l

Therefore, total chlorine requirement is as follows.

          Total chlorine requirement = [tex](10,000 \times 10^{3}) \times (10 \times 10^{-6})[/tex] kg/day

                                        = 100 kg/day

Thus, we can conclude that the kilograms of chlorine used daily at the given water treatment plant is 100 kg/day.

Answer:

[Na₂S₂O₃] = 0.83 M

[Na₂S₂O₃] = 0.86 m

Mole fraction  = 0.015

Explanation:

Na₂S₂O₃ 12 % by mass. This data means, that 12 g of solute are contained in 100 g of solution.

Let's find out the volume of solution, with density to determine molarity.

Solution density = Solution mass / Solution volume

1.1003 g/cm³ = 100 g / Solution volume

100 g / 1.1003 g/cm³ = Solution volume → 90.88 mL (1cm³ = 1mL)

Now, that we have volume, we can calculate molarity

Molarity is mol/L

90.88 mL = 0.09088 L

12 g / 158.12 g/mol = 0.0759 moles

0.0759 moles / 0.09088 L = 0.83 M

Total mass of solution = 100 g

12 g + Solvent mass = 100 g

Solvent mass = 100 g - 12 g → 88 g

Molality = moles of solute /1kgof solvent

88 g = 0.088 kg

0.0759 moles / 0.088 kg = 0.86 m

As solvent mass is 88 g, let's determine solvent's moles for mole fraction

88 g / 18 g/mol = 4.89 moles

Mole fraction = moles of solute / moles of solutes + moles of solvent

Mole fraction = 0.0759 mol / 0.0759 mol + 4.89 moles = 0.015

Answer:  96500 Coulombs are there in a Faraday.

Explanation:-

It is given that 1 mole of electrons has charge of 1 Faraday.

Moles of electron = 1 mole

According to mole concept:

1 mole of an atom contains [tex]6.022\times 10^{23}[/tex] number of particles.

We know that:

Charge on 1 electron = [tex]1.6\times 10^{-19}C[/tex]

Charge on 1 mole of electrons = [tex]1.6\times 10^{-19}\times 6.022\times 10^{23}=96500C[/tex]      

Thus 96500 C= 1 Faraday

Thus 96500 Coulombs are there in a Faraday.

There are approximately 96,485.33289 Coulombs in one Faraday.

The Faraday constant, denoted by F, is the charge of one mole of electrons. It is a fundamental physical constant with a value that has been experimentally determined. The Faraday constant is defined as the amount of charge carried by one mole of electrons, and its value is approximately 96,485.33289 Coulombs per mole.

The relationship between the Faraday constant and the charge in Coulombs can be expressed as:

[tex]\[ 1 \text{ Faraday} = 1 \text{ mole of electrons} \times \frac{6.022 \times 10^{23} \text{ electrons}}{1 \text{ mole of electrons}} \times \frac{1.602 \times 10^{-19} \text{ Coulombs}}{1 \text{ electron}} \][/tex]

Here, [tex]\(6.022 \times 10^{23}\)[/tex] is Avogadro's number, which is the number of particles (in this case, electrons) per mole, and [tex]\(1.602 \times 10^{-19}\)[/tex] is the elementary charge, which is the charge of a single electron in Coulombs.

Multiplying these values together gives:

[tex]\[ 1 \text{ Faraday} = 6.022 \times 10^{23} \times 1.602 \times 10^{-19} \text{ Coulombs} \] \[ 1 \text{ Faraday} = 96,485.33289 \text{ Coulombs} \][/tex]

Therefore, one Faraday is equivalent to approximately 96,485.33289 Coulombs. This is the standard value used in chemistry and physics for calculations involving the charge of electrons on a molar scale.

Answer:

The mass of reactants and products are equal hence the reaction obeys law of conservation of mass

Explanation:

The law of mass conservation states that for a closed system to all transfer of mass, the mass of system must remain constant over time. This means for a chemical reaction, the mass of reactants must equal the mass of products.

if 2.796g of Zn reacts with 2.414g of sulphur to produce 4.169g of ZnS ad 1.041g of unreacted sulphur, then it means that accorfing to the law of mass conservation, the mass of reactants (zinc and sulphur), must be equal to mass of products (zinc sulfide and unreacted sulphur)

Mass of reactants = 2.796g + 2.414g =5.21g

Mass of products = 4.169g + 1.041g=5.21g

In accordance with the Law of Conservation of Mass, the total mass of the reactants (5.21g) is equal to the total mass of the products (5.21g). Therefore, the student's results obey the Law of Conservation of Mass.

The Law of Conservation of Mass states that matter can neither be created nor destroyed. Therefore, the total mass of the reactants should be equal to the total mass of the products in a chemical reaction.

Let's add up the mass of the reactants:

Total mass of reactants = 2.796g + 2.414g = 5.21g

Now, let's add up the mass of the products:

Total mass of products = 4.169g + 1.041g = 5.21g

As we can see, the total mass of the reactants is indeed equal to the total mass of the products. Thus, the student's results obey the Law of Conservation of Mass.

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The concentration of benzene is 10 mg/L or 10 ppm. To find molarity, we convert the mass of benzene to moles using its molar mass and then divide by the volume of the solution in liters. The molarity of the benzene is 1.28 x 10^-4 M.

The concentration of benzene in the liter of water is 10 mg/L. This is because the question states that 10 mg of benzene is dissolved in one liter of water, and this is directly the concentration in mg per liter. To express this concentration in parts per million (ppm), we recall that 1 ppm is equivalent to 1 mg of substance per liter of water, since the density of water is approximately 1 g/mL, and there are 1000 g in a liter of water. Therefore, the concentration in ppm is also 10 ppm.

To calculate the molarity of benzene, we must first determine the molar mass of benzene, which is 78.11 g/mol (C6H6: 6 x 12.01 for carbon + 6 x 1.008 for hydrogen). The number of moles of benzene in 10 mg can be found using the formula: moles = mass (g) / molar mass (g/mol). Since we have 10 mg, we must first convert this to grams: 10 mg = 0.01 g. Thus, the number of moles of benzene is 0.01 g / 78.11 g/mol = 1.28 x 10-4 moles. Given that this is the amount in 1 liter, the molarity is 1.28 x 10-4 M.

Final answer:

The concentration of benzene is 10 mg/L, which is equivalent to 10 ppm as 1 L of water is approximately 1 kg. To find molarity, convert mass to moles using the molar mass of benzene, resulting in a molarity of 1.28 x 10⁻⁴ M for benzene in the solution.

Explanation:

The concentration of benzene in the water is already provided in mg/L, which is 10 mg/L. To express this concentration in parts per million (ppm), we use the fact that ppm is equivalent to mg/kg. Since the density of water is approximately 1.00 g/mL, 1 L of water weighs 1000 g, or 1 kg. Therefore, 10 mg of benzene in 1 kg of water is also 10 ppm.

To calculate the molarity of benzene (C₆H₆), we need the molar mass of benzene which is approximately 78.11 g/mol. Using the formula molarity = moles of solute / liters of solution, we first convert mg to grams: 10 mg = 0.010 g. The number of moles of benzene is calculated as 0.010 g / 78.11 g/mol which gives us 1.28 x 10⁻⁴ moles. Therefore, the molarity of benzene in the solution is 1.28 x 10⁻⁴ M.

Answer:

%Error for Al = 2.23

%Error for Cu=2.65

%Error for Pb= 1.59

Explanation:

Percentage error is the difference between a measured value and a true value as expressed in percent.

%Error =( True value - measured value )/True value ×100

If the measured value is less than true value

%Error = ( Measured value - True value) / True value × 100

If the measured value is greater than true value

For Pb, true value = 0.126J/g•C

Measured value =0.128J/g•C

%Error= (0.128-0.126)/0.126 ×100= 1.57

For Cu, true value = 0.377J/g•C

Measured value = 0.387J/g•C

%Error = (0.387-0.377)/0.377 ×100 =2.65

For Al, True value = 0.921J/g•C

Measured value = 0.900J/g•C

%Error= (0.921-0.900)/0.921 ×100 =2.23

Answer:

NaHCO3 + HCl --> NaCl + CO2 + H2O

Explanation:

NaHCO3 which is an acidic salt because of the replaceable H+ (Bronste lowry acid), by definition acid dissociates in water to release a proton.

NaHCO3 dissociates in water to give Na+, H3O+ and HCO3-

Stomach acid which is HCl also dissociates in water to give H3O+ and Cl-

The H3O+ and HCO3- combines briefly to form a weak carbonic acid almost immediately, which then further dissociates to form H2O and CO2. CO2 is burped out from the mouth.

Na+ and Cl- combines to form NaCl in water which is a table salt solution.

Below is an attachment containing the step by step reactions

One of the ingredients in Alka-Seltzer, sodium bicarbonate, reacts with stomach acid (HCl) to produce salt, water, and carbon dioxide, neutralizing the acid. This is represented by the equation NAHCO3 + HCl -> NaCl + H2O + CO2.

The antacid Alka-Seltzer® contains an active ingredient called NAHCO3, also known as sodium bicarbonate. When Alka-Seltzer is taken, the sodium bicarbonate reacts with the stomach acid, or hydrochloric acid (HCl), to neutralize it. This chemical reaction can be represented by the equation: NAHCO3 + HCl -> NaCl + H2O + CO2. Thus, Alka-Seltzer works to relieve symptoms caused by excess stomach acid by producing salt, water, and carbon dioxide.

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Answer : The concentration of [tex]Cl_2O_5[/tex] in the vessel 0.820 seconds later is, 0.16 M

Explanation :

The given reaction is:

[tex]2Cl_2O_5(g)\rightarrow 2Cl_2(g)+5O_2(g)[/tex]

The rate law expression is:

[tex]rate=(6.48M^{-1}s^{-1})[Cl_2O_5]^2[/tex]

The expression used for second order kinetics is:

[tex]kt=\frac{1}{[A_t]}-\frac{1}{[A_o]}[/tex]

where,

k = rate constant = [tex]6.48M^{-1}s^{-1}[/tex]

t = time = 0.820 s

[tex][A_t][/tex] = final concentration = ?

[tex][A_o][/tex] = initial concentration = 1.16 M

Now put all the given values in the above expression, we get:

[tex]6.48\times 0.820=\frac{1}{[A_t]}-\frac{1}{1.16}[/tex]

[tex][A_t]=0.16M[/tex]

Therefore, the concentration of [tex]Cl_2O_5[/tex] in the vessel 0.820 seconds later is, 0.16 M

Answer.

The electric field due to a negative charge points radially in from all directions (because a positive test charge placed near it would feel a force pointing toward it). Generally, electric field lines always point from positive charges and toward negative charges.

Your question I s incomplete, please endeavor you update your question with the necessary parameters.

Answer:

33.7 kg

Explanation:

Let's consider calcium phosphate Ca₃(PO₄)₂.

The molar mass of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ is 310.18 g/mol and the molar mass of P is 30.97 g/mol. In 1 mole of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ (310.18 g) there are 2 × 30.97 g = 61.94 g of P. The mass of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ that contains 3.57 kg (3.57 × 10³ g) of P is:

3.57 × 10³ g × (310.18 g Ca₃(PO₄)₂/61.94 g P) = 1.79 × 10⁴ g Ca₃(PO₄)₂

A particular ore contains 53.1% calcium phosphate. The mass of the ore that contains 1.79 × 10⁴ g of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ is:

1.79 × 10⁴ g Ca₃(PO₄)₂ × (100 g Ore/ 53.1 g Ca₃(PO₄)₂) = 3.37 × 10⁴ g Ore = 33.7 kg Ore

Answer: check the picture

Explanation:

Answer:

In the oxidation of Pyruvate to Acetyl CoA  one carbon atom is released as CO2, However, the oxidation of the remaining two carbon atoms in acetate to CO2, requires a complex, eight step pathway, the citric-acid cycle.

Explanation:

Overall, one turn of the citric acid cycle releases two carbon dioxide molecules and produces three {NADH} one {FADH2} and one ATP or GTP. The Citric acid cycle goes around twice for each molecule of glucose that enters cellular respiration because there are two pyruvate and thus, two acetyl {CoA}s are made per glucose.

Answer:

Mole fraction of solute (heptane) → 0.73

Explanation:

Mole fraction = Moles of solute or solvent / Total moles

Let's calculate the moles of everything:

Moles of solute → Mass of solute / Molar mass

36 g / 100 g/mol = 0.36 moles

Moles of solvent → Mass of solvent / Molar mass

16 g / 119.35 g/mol = 0.134 moles

Total moles = 0.36 + 0.134 = 0.494 moles

Mole fraction of solute = 0.36 / 0.494 → 0.73

Option B, C and D are correct.

Carbon is a non metallic element with the atomic number 6 and mass number 12. Whereas oxygen is also a non metallic element with the atomic number 8 and mass number of 16.

In carbon monoxide, the mass ratio of oxygen to carbon is 16:12 =1.33. This ratio is same for every sample of carbon monoxide, because carbon monoxide has the universal formula of CO.

Similarly In carbon dioxide , the mass ratio of oxygen to carbon is 32:12 =2.667. This ratio is same for every sample of carbon dioxide, because carbon dioxide has the universal formula of [tex]CO_2[/tex].

Even we can see that the mass ratio of oxygen to carbon in carbon dioxide is just twice the mass ratio of oxygen to carbon in carbon monoxide, because of presence of twice as much as oxygen per molecule of carbon dioxide than carbon monoxide.

Answer:

             The amine is N-methylbutan-2-amine and the structure is drawn below.

Explanation:

                      In order to find out the correct structure for said data we will first try out to find the molecular formula by applying rule of thirteen.

Rule of Thirteen:

First divide the parent peak value by 13 as,

                = 87 ÷ 13

                = 6.6923

Now, multiply 13 by 6,

                = 13 × 6 (here, 6 specifies number of carbon atoms)

                = 78

Now subtract 78 from 87,

                = 87 - 78

                = 9

Add 9 into 11,

                = 9 + 6

                = 15 (hydrogen atoms)

So, the rough formula we have is,

                                                       C₆H₁₅

Now, add one Nitrogen atom to above formula and subtract one Carbon and 2 Hydrogen atoms as these numbers are equal to atomic mass of Nitrogen atom as,

                C₆H₁₅   -------N-------->    C₅H₁₃N

Hence, the molecular formula is C₅H₁₃N.

The correct structural formula is being predicted by using the stability of the fragments formed by the cleavage of the parent molecule. Therefore, as shown below, following secondary (stable) carbocations are formed as the major fragments.

Answer: The results agree with the law of conservation of mass

Explanation:

The law of conservation of mass states that mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. On the reactant side, the total mass of reactants is 14.3g and the total product masses is also 14.3g. That implies that no mass was !most in the reaction. The sum of masses on the left hand side corresponds with sum of masses on the right hand side of the reaction equation.

Answer: SUDBURY, ONTARIO.

Explanation: SUDBURY,is a place in Ontario, Canada known to have been formed as a result of the separation of Sulphur liquid from ultramafic Magma by becoming supersaturated and immiscible. Over 100millions tons of Sulphur liquid and some quantities of other metals like Nickel,iron have been released into the atmosphere as a result of mining activities of that period.

Sudbury basin is famous for its geological feature that hosts about the largest concentrations of nickel-copper sulphides in the world is believed to have been formed by a meteorite impact 1.8 billion years ago.

Answer: option A. The solvent should dissolve a moderate quantity of the target substance near its boiling point but only a small quantity near 0 °C

Explanation:

Final answer:

A good recrystallization solvent should dissolve the substance near its boiling point but not at low temperatures, must not react with the substance, should be easily removed post-process, and ideally, should have a low boiling point to prevent 'oiling out'.

Explanation:

Features of a Good Recrystallization Solvent

The process of recrystallization is integral to purifying solid compounds in chemistry, and the choice of solvent is critical for its success. A good recrystallization solvent should have the following features:

Additionally, ideal solvents are usually unreactive, inexpensive, and have low toxicity. Using a solvent with a relatively low boiling point is preferable as it reduces the chance of the compound 'oiling out' during the process, which can interfere with crystal formation. Mixed solvents can be used when no single solvent meets all criteria, though a single solvent is often best to maintain consistent solubility conditions.

To calculate the molality of a solution, divide the moles of solute by the mass of solvent (in kg). In this case, the molality of the NH4Cl solution is 7.45 m.

To calculate the molality of a solution, we need to first calculate the moles of NH4Cl and water.

Calculate the moles of NH4Cl by dividing the given mass by the molar mass of NH4Cl (53.49 g/mol): 4.40 g NH4Cl / 53.49 g/mol = 0.082 mol NH4Cl.

Calculate the moles of water by dividing the given mass by the molar mass of water (18.015 g/mol): 11.0 g H2O / 18.015 g/mol = 0.61 mol H2O.

Now we can calculate the molality using the moles of solute and the mass of the solvent:

Molality = moles of solute / mass of solvent (in kg)

Molality = 0.082 mol NH4Cl / 0.011 kg H2O = 7.45 m NH4Cl.

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