Answer:
0.2, relatively inelastic
Explanation:
Price elasticity of demand is the degree of responsiveness of demand for a product/service to a unit change in the price of that product/service. Mathematically:
Price elasticity of demand = change in demand/change in price.
Price elasticity of demand can be perfectly elastic if elasticity is infinity, perfectly inelastic if elasticity is 0, relatively elastic if elasticity is greater than 1, unitary elastic if it is equal to 1 and relatively inelastic if it is less than 1.
For gasoline,
Change in price = 5%
Change in quantity demanded = 1%
Hence,
Price elasticity of demand for gasoline = 1/5 = 0.2
The price elasticity of demand for gasoline is 0.2 and can be described as being relatively inelastic.
In the first step of hydroboration mechanism, why is an arrow drawn from the pi bond of the alkene to the B atom of the borane reagent signifying the pi electrons are used to make a new C-B bond?
Answer:
To fulfill octet of B atom in borane, nucleophilic attack by pi electrons of alkene takes place with electrophilic B center in borane.
Explanation:
In Borane ([tex]BH_{3}[/tex]), B atom has energetically vacant 2p orbital and thereby octet is incomplete.Therefore B center in borane act as an electrophilic center.
In alkene, pi bonding electrons are loosely bound together due to side on overlap of two constituent p-orbitals. Hence this pi bond can be easily broken. Alternatively, we can say that pi bond in alkene act as a potential nucleophile.
The first step of hydroboration occurs in a concerted manner where pi electrons of alkene first attack vacant 2p orbital of B in borane to fulfill it's octet (represented by an arrow drawn from alkene to B atom) and forms a 4 memebered cyclic intermediate. Simulaneously, a B-H bond in borane is donated to alkene through 3c-2e bond (3 center-2 electron bond).
Full mechanism has been shown below.
Briefly explain the observed effect of the acetylcholine concentration on the rate of the enzyme-catalyzed reaction
Explanation:
It is observed that when the concentration of acetylcholine remains constant in the reaction of an aqueous solution, the speed of the enzyme-catalyzed reaction or the formation of the product increases with increasing concentrations of substrate. The reaction rate is directly proportional to the concentration of acetylcholine. At very low concentrations of acetylcholine, there is a small increase in the concentration of the substrate which results in a large increase of the rate in reaction.A typical aspirin tablet contains 325 mg of acetylsalicylic acid (HC9H7O4). Calculate the pH of a solution that is prepared by dissolving two aspirin tablets in one cup (237 mL) of solution. Assume the aspirin tablets are pure acetylsalicylic acid, Ka=3.3×10−4.
Answer:
pH =2.685
Explanation:
mass of acetylsalicylic acid, m = 2 × 325 m g × (1 g / 1000 m g )
= 0.65 g
Volume V = 237mL
dissociation constant, Ka =3.3×10⁻⁴
molecular weight of acetylsalicylic acid = 180.1 g/mol
mass of acetylsalicylic acid, (HC₉H₇O₄)
= 0.65 / 180.1
= 0.0036mol
concentration of HC₉H₇O₄ in a 237 mL solution
M = 0.0036 / 237ML
= 0.015M
in a 237 mL solution HC₉H₇O₄ in water is
C₉H₇O₄⁻ ⇄ H⁺
Next, we show the changes in different phases that occur during the dissociation process. We use the value x as the concentration loss/gained during the dissociation process,
HC₉H₇O₄ C₉H₇O₄⁻ H⁺
Initial 0.015 0 0
change -x x x
equilibrium 0.015 -x x x
The equation for the dissociation constant Ka ,
[tex]K_a = \frac{[C_9H_7O_4^-[H^+]]}{[HC_9H_7O_4]} \\3.3 * 10^-^4 = \frac{x * x}{0.015 - x} \\4.95 * 10^-^6-3.3 * 10 ^-^4x = x^2\\[/tex]
using quadratic equation
x² + 3.3 * 10⁻⁴x - 4.95 * 10 ⁻⁶ = 0
x = 0.002066M
pH = -log[H⁺]
pH = -log[0.002066]
= 2.685
Advertising claims sometimes state that adding something mechanical to a car's engine will allow it to recover 100 percent of the energy that comes from burning gasoline. You should be skeptical of such claims because they violate the
A. first law of thermodynamics.
B. activation energy requirements of all chemical reactions.
C. second law of thermodynamics.D. law of conservation of matter
Answer:
second law of thermodynamics.
Explanation:
The second law of thermodynamics deals with interconversion of energy from one form to another. Although energy can be converted from one form to another, this conversion is never 100% efficient because energy is lost in certain ways such as through heat. In a combustion engine, it is not possible to recover the energy from the gasoline 100% since energy must be lost along the way via such means as heat losses. Hence I will be skeptical about such an advert.
A solution of methanol and water has a mole fraction of water of 0.312 and a total vapor pressure of 211 torr at 39.9 ∘C. The vapor pressures of pure methan ol and pure water at this temperature are 256 torr and 55.3 torr, respectively. ls the solution ideal? If not, what can you say about the relative strengths of the solute-solvent interactions compared to the solute-solute and solvent-solvent interactions?
Answer:
Weaker
Explanation:
The strategy here is to use Raoult´s law to calculate the theoretical vapor pressure for the concentrations given and compare it with the experimental value of 211 torr.
Raoult´s law tell us that for a binary solution
P total = partial pressure A + partial pressure B = Xa PºA + Xb PºB
where Xa and Xb are the mol fractions, and PºA and PºB are the vapor pressures of pure A and pure B, respectively
For the solution in question we have
Ptotal = 0.312 x 55.3 torr + ( 1- 0.312 ) x 256 torr ( XA + XB = 1 )
Ptotal = 193 torr
Since experimentally, the total vapor pressure is 211 and our theoretical value is smaller ( 193 torr ), we can conclude the interactions solute-solvent are weaker compared to the solute-solute and solvent-solvent interactions.
Using Raoult's law, we can conclude that if the actual total vapor pressure of the solution does not match the calculated value, the solution is not ideal. Deviations from the ideal behavior indicate that the solute-solvent interactions differ in strength from solute-solute and solvent-solvent interactions.
To determine if the solution is ideal and to discuss the strengths of solute-solvent interactions compared to solute-solute and solvent-solvent interactions, we can use Raoult's law. Raoult's law states that the partial vapor pressure of each component in an ideal solution is equal to the product of the mole fraction of the component in the liquid phase and the vapor pressure of the pure component.
The expected total vapor pressure for an ideal solution can be calculated by summing the partial pressures of each component. For methanol (CH3OH), with a mole fraction of 1 - 0.312 = 0.688 and a vapor pressure of 256 torr, the expected partial pressure is partial pressure of methanol = 0.688 × 256 torr. For water (H2O), with a mole fraction of 0.312 and a vapor pressure of 55.3 torr, the expected partial pressure is partial pressure of water = 0.312 × 55.3 torr. By adding these two values together, we would get the expected total vapor pressure of an ideal solution.
If the calculated total vapor pressure using Raoult's law does not match the actual total vapor pressure of 211 torr, the solution is not ideal. In that case, the deviation indicates that the solute-solvent interactions differ in strength from the solute-solute and solvent-solvent interactions. If the actual vapor pressure is lower than expected, the solute-solvent interactions are stronger, suggesting a negative deviation. Conversely, a higher actual vapor pressure indicates weaker solute-solvent interactions relative to pure components, leading to a positive deviation.
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How many moles are there in 1.90g of Arsenic? Show work, please.
Answer: 2.53 x 10^-2 moles As ( the answer is in scientific notation )
Fatty acids may differ from one another in: a. chain length and degree of saturation b. the number of calories and in whether they contain carbon atoms c. degree of saturation and in the number of sulfur atoms d. chain length and in the number of nitrogen atoms e.
Answer:
a. chain length and degree of saturation.
Explanation:
Fatty acids can be classified according to the length of their chain, for example, in short (if it has less than 8 carbons), medium (between 8-12 carbons), long (between 12-18 carbons) and very long (if it has less than 18 carbons); they are also classified according to their degree of unsaturation, in saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated; and according to the isomerism in cis and trans fatty acids.
Fatty acids may differ from one another in chain length and degree of saturation. Therefore, the correct option is option A.
Fatty acid is a crucial part of lipids, which are the parts of living things including plants, animals, and microbes that may be dissolved in fat. A fatty acid normally consists of a chain that is straight with a even amount of carbon atoms, hydrogen atoms running along the entire length of the chain, a carboxyl group (COOH) at one end, and hydrogen atoms running the duration of the chain. It forms an acid (carboxylic acidic solution) because of the carboxyl group. The acid is saturated if there are only single carbon-to-carbon bonds. Fatty acids may differ from one another in chain length and degree of saturation.
Therefore, the correct option is option A.
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How many unpaired electrons in the F22+ ion are based on molecular orbital theory? The order of the molecular orbitals are (σ2s)(σ*2s)(σ2p)(π2p)(π*2p)(σ*2p).
Answer : The number of unpaired electrons in the [tex]F_2^{2+}[/tex] = 2
The bond order of [tex]F_2^{2+}[/tex] is, 2
Explanation :
According to the molecular orbital theory, the general molecular orbital configuration will be,
[tex](\sigma_{1s}),(\sigma_{1s}^*),(\sigma_{2s}),(\sigma_{2s}^*),(\sigma_{2p_z}),[(\pi_{2p_x})=(\pi_{2p_y})],[(\pi_{2p_x}^*)=(\pi_{2p_y}^*)],(\sigma_{2p_z}^*)[/tex]
As there are 9 electrons present in fluorine.
The number of electrons present in [tex]F_2^{2+}[/tex] molecule = 2(9) = 18 - 2 = 16
The molecular orbital configuration of [tex]F_2^{2+}[/tex] molecule will be,
[tex](\sigma_{1s})^2,(\sigma_{1s}^*)^2,(\sigma_{2s})^2,(\sigma_{2s}^*)^2,(\sigma_{2p_z})^2,[(\pi_{2p_x})^2=(\pi_{2p_y})^2],[(\pi_{2p_x}^*)^1=(\pi_{2p_y}^*)^1],(\sigma_{2p_z}^*)^0[/tex]
The number of unpaired electrons in the [tex]F_2^{2+}[/tex] = 2
The formula of bond order = [tex]\frac{1}{2}\times (\text{Number of bonding electrons}-\text{Number of anti-bonding electrons})[/tex]
The bonding order of [tex]F_2^{2+}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{1}{2}\times (10-6)=2[/tex]
The bond order of [tex]F_2^{2+}[/tex] is, 2
2. After quenching your solution with ice, the resulting aqueous layer became acidic. Use a chemical equation to explain how the solution became acidic
Answer:
C2H5Cl + H20 ⇆ C2OOH4
Explanation:
The left over acetyl chloride which reacted with water to produce acetic acid
What is the Percent yield made if 3.9 grams of a substance were made experimentally while you calculated 3.6 grams of substance using Stoichiometry?
Answer:
Percent yield = 108%
Explanation:
Percent yield is the ratio of experimental yield and the theoretical yield multiplied by 100.The expression for the percent yield is given as,
Percent yield = experimental yield/theoretical yield *100
Percent yield = (3.9/3.6 )*100 = 108%
In a constant‑pressure calorimeter, 70.0 mL of 0.310 M Ba ( OH ) 2 was added to 70.0 mL of 0.620 M HCl . The reaction caused the temperature of the solution to rise from 21.91 ∘ C to 26.13 ∘ C. If the solution has the same density and specific heat as water, what is heat absorbed by the solution?
Explanation:
Below are attachments containing the solution
Cyclohexane has a freezing point of 6.50 ∘C and a Kf of 20.0 ∘C/m. What is the freezing point of a solution made by dissolving 0.771 g of biphenyl (C12H10) in 25.0 g of cyclohexane?
Answer: [tex]2.49^0C[/tex]
Explanation:
Depression in freezing point is:
[tex]T_f^0-T_f=i\times k_f\times \frac{w_2\times 1000}{M_2\times w_1}[/tex]
where,
[tex]T_f[/tex] = freezing point of solution = ?
[tex]T^o_f[/tex] = freezing point of solvent (cyclohexane) = [tex]6.50^oC[/tex]
[tex]k_f[/tex] = freezing point constant of solvent (cyclohexane) = [tex]20.0^oC/m[/tex]
m = molality
i = Van't Hoff factor = 1 (for non-electrolyte)
[tex]w_2[/tex] = mass of solute (biphenyl) = 0.771 g
[tex]w_1[/tex] = mass of solvent (cyclohexane) = 25.0 g
[tex]M_2[/tex] = molar mass of solute (biphenyl) =
Now put all the given values in the above formula, we get:
[tex](6.50-T_f)^oC=1\times (20.0^oC/m)\times \frac{(0.771g)\times 1000}{154\times (25.0g)}[/tex]
[tex](6.50-T_f)^oC=4.01[/tex]
[tex]T_f=2.49^0C[/tex]
Therefore, the freezing point of a solution made by dissolving 0.771 g of biphenyl in 25.0 g of cyclohexane is [tex]2.49^0C[/tex]
The freezing point of a solution made by dissolving 0.771 g of biphenyl in 25.0 g of cyclohexane is 2.50 °C. This is calculated using the freezing point depression formula with the cryoscopic constant and the molality of the solution.
Explanation:The freezing point of a solution made by dissolving 0.771 g of biphenyl (C12H10) in 25.0 g of cyclohexane can be calculated using the concept of freezing point depression. The formula to calculate the freezing point depression (ΔTf) is given by ΔTf = i * Kf * m, where ΔTf is the freezing point depression, i is the van't Hoff factor (which is 1 for non-electrolytes like biphenyl), Kf is the cryoscopic constant of the solvent, and m is the molality of the solute in the solution.
First, we need to calculate the molality of biphenyl in cyclohexane, which is calculated by moles of biphenyl per kilogram of cyclohexane. The molar mass of biphenyl (C12H10) is 154.21 g/mol. Therefore, moles of biphenyl = 0.771 g / 154.21 g/mol = 0.005 moles. Since there is 25.0 g of cyclohexane, this is equivalent to 0.025 kg. Thus, molality (m) = 0.005 moles / 0.025 kg = 0.2 mol/kg.
Using the provided cryoscopic constant (Kf) for cyclohexane, which is 20.0 °C/m, we can calculate the freezing point depression: ΔTf = 1 * 20.0 °C/m * 0.2 = 4.0 °C.
Finally, the freezing point of the solution is the freezing point of pure cyclohexane (6.50 °C) minus the freezing point depression (ΔTf): 6.50 °C - 4.0 °C = 2.50 °C.
One significant difference between gases and liquids is that ________. a gas is made up of molecules a gas expands to fill its container a gas may consist of both elements and compounds gases are always mixtures All of the above answers are correct
Answer:
One significant difference between gases and liquids is that a gas expands to fill its container.
Explanation:
One of the biggest differences between liquids and gases is that liquids have a defined volume and gases do not. A gas has no defined shape or volume, it acquires the shape and volume of the container in which it is located. It is the tendency of gases to increase in volume due to the force of repulsion that works between their molecules.
One significant difference between gases and liquids should be that a gas expands to fill its container.
Difference between the gases and liquids:It is the biggest difference that lies between the liquids and gases is that the liquid should contain the volume while the gas does not. Also, the gas does not have a defined shape or volume.
It purchased the shape and the container volume where it should be located.
Also, there is the gas tendency for increasing the volume because of the repulsion of the force that should be worked between the molecules.
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The mass of a gold atom is 3.27 × 10−25 kg . If 3.6 kg of gold is deposited on the negative electrode of an electrolytic cell in a period of 14.88 h , what is the current in the cell in this period? Assume that each gold ion carries one fundamental unit (1.602 × 10−19 C) of positive charge. Answer in units of A.
Answer:
Current is 32.8 A
Explanation:
1 mass of Au atom = 3.27×10⁻²⁵kg
Mass of gold = 3.6 kg
We determine the amount of atoms, in that mass of gold therefore we need a rule of three:
3.27×10⁻²⁵kg is the mass for 1 atom
3.6 kg will be the mass for (3.6 . 1)/3.27×10⁻²⁵ = 1.10×10²⁵ atoms
Now we have to find out the total charge of the 3.6 kg of gold so we make another rule of three:
1 atom of Au has a charge of 1.602 × 10⁻¹⁹ C
1.10×10²⁵ atoms of Au will have a charge of (1.10×10²⁵.1.602 × 10⁻¹⁹) / 1 = 1.76×10⁶ C
Formula for the current is: q = i . t
where q is the C, i the value of current and t, time (s)- We make time conversion from h to s
14.88 h . 3600s / 1h = 53568 s → We replace values:
1.76×10⁶ C = i . 53568s
1.76×10⁶ C / 53568s = i → 32.8 A
How many moles of HNO3 are present if 4.90×10−2 mol of Ba(OH)2 was needed to neutralize the acid solution?
Answer:
0.098 moles of HNO₃ are present if 4.90×[tex]10^{-2}[/tex] mol of Ba(OH)₂ was needed to neutralize the acid solution
Explanation:
1 mole of Ba(OH)₂ contains 2 moles of OH- ions.
Hence, 0.049 moles of Ba(OH)2 contains x moles of OH- ions.
cross multiplying, we have
1 mole * x mole = 2 moles * 0.049 mole
x mole = 2 * 0.049 / 1
x mole = 0.098 moles of OH- ions.
1 mole of OH- can neutralize 1 mole of H+
Therefore, 0.098 moles of HNO₃ are present if 0.049 moles of Ba(OH)₂ was needed to neutralize the acid solution.
A solid metal cube has an edge which is 11.4 mm long, and a mass of 6.67 g. What is the density of the cube? (A cube has all sides of equal length.) MULTIPLE CHOICE:
(a) 5.85 g/cm3 (b) 1.71 g/mm3 (c) 4.50 g/cm3 (d) 0.0877 g cm3
Answer:
d = 4.50 g/cm³
Explanation:
Given data:
Edge length of a cube = 11.4 mm (11.4/10 = 1.14 cm)
Mass of cube = 6.67 g
Density = ?
Solution:
Density:
Density is equal to the mass of substance divided by its volume.
Units:
SI unit of density is Kg/m3.
Other units are given below,
g/cm3, g/mL , kg/L
Formula:
D=m/v
D= density
m=mass
V=volume
Symbol:
The symbol used for density is called rho. It is represented by ρ. However letter D can also be used to represent the density.
First of all we will calculate the volume of cube.
Volume = length × width × height
Since all are equal,that's why
Volume = 1.14 cm × 1.14 cm × 1.14 cm
Volume = 1.482 cm³
d = m/v
d = 6.67 g/ 1.482 cm³
d = 4.50 g/cm³
Two liquids that are soluble in each other are said to be —
Answer:
The answer to your question is Miscible
Explanation:
Miscibility is a property to mix in all proportions to fully dissolve in each other at any concentration, forming and homogeneous solution.
Then Miscible substances is when we can combine both liquids in no matter their proportions, we will always obtain a homogeneous mixture.
Two liquids that are soluble in each other in all proportions are termed as miscible, like water and ethanol. Conversely, liquids that do not mix well are immiscible, like oil and water. An intermediary state is partial miscibility, where two liquids have moderate solubility, such as water and bromine.
Explanation:When two liquids are soluble in each other in all proportions, they are said to be miscible. An example of this is ethanol and water, which blend together completely, regardless of the proportions used. Contrastingly, liquids that do not mix together effectively are deemed immiscible, like oil and water. These tend to form separate layers due to the insufficient attractive forces between their molecules.
A step between these is the state of being partially miscible, which applies when two liquids have moderate mutual solubility. They form two distinct layers when mixed together, as seen when water is combined with bromine. The limit of solubility in each miscibility category (miscible, partially miscible, immiscible) depends on different physical properties and interactions between the molecules of the liquids in question.
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The carbon cycle is closely linked to which of the following processes?
photosynthesis
precipitation
evaporation
condensation
Answer:
Photosynthesis
Explanation:
As the plants are converting the CO2 into O2... So the photosynthesis reduce the amount of CO2...
Answer:
The answer is photosynthesis
Explanation:
The key processes of the carbon cycle are when the carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is changed into plant material in the biosphere by photosynthesis.
Then organisms in the biosphere obtain energy from respiration and releases carbon dioxide that was orignally changed by photosynthesis.
How many moles of solute are contained in 200 milliliters of a 1 m solution?
Answer:
0.2 moles of solute are in 200 mL
Explanation:
If we assume an aqueous solution, the solvent's density is 1g/mL
Solvent's volume = 200 mL
Solvent's density = Solvent's mass / Solvent's volume
Solvent's mass = solvent's density . solvent's volume → 200 mL . 1g/mL = 200 g
1 m means molality, we have 1 mol of solute in 1000 g of solvent, but in here the mass of solvent is 200 g. Let's make a rule of three:
1000 g of solvent have 1 mol of solute
Therefore, 200 g of solvent must have (200 .1) / 1000 = 0.2 moles
There are 0.2 moles of solute in 200 milliliters of a 1 M solution.
The question asks how many moles of solute are contained in 200 milliliters of a 1 m solution. To find the answer, we must understand the difference between molarity (M) and molality (m). Molarity is the number of moles of solute per liter of solution, while molality is the number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent. However, taking into account that typically, a '1 M solution' is often used to denote molarity, and it is indicated that 1 M equals 1 mole solute in 1 liter solution, we can use this information.
First, we convert the volume from milliliters to liters assuming the usage of molarity. So, 200 milliliters is 0.2 liters. Then, we apply the formula for molarity:
moles solute = Molarity (M) imes Volume (L)
moles solute = 1 M imes 0.2 L
moles solute = 0.2 moles
Therefore, there are 0.2 moles of solute in 200 milliliters of a 1 m solution.
Increasing the temperature of the solvent ____________________ the solubility of a solid solute and _______________________ the solubility of a gases solute.
Answer:
increase in solvent temperature will increase the solubility of solid particle but decreases the solubility of gas particle.
Explanation:
In solid particle when temperature increases its help to break apart the solid particle and increase in kinetic energy of solvent results in increase in solubility of solid particles in solvent.
but in gas solute, increase in temperature of solvent causes the increase in motion of gas molecules means increase in kinetic energy of molecules in the gas which results in breakage of inter molecular bonds and removal of the molecules from the heated solution.
The elevation above the surface where a cloud first forms is called the ____. a. evaporation level b. level of free convection c. adiabatic zone d. condensation level
Answer:
d. condensation level
Explanation:
Condensation level is the elevation above the surface where a cloud first forms when air get into it. Because at that region, it is said that the humidity of the air will have reached it peak, then condensation starts to set in. As we equally known that when condensation occurs, water vapor in the air presumably changes into liquid water. So, we can therefore conclude that the significance of the condensation level is to assist in formation of clouds.
An empirical formula:__________ 1. gives the relative number of ions of each element per formula unit. 2. gives the number of ions of each element per formula unit. 3. uses lines to represent covalent bonds and shows how atoms in a molecule connect or bond to each other. 4. gives the relative number of atoms of each element per formula unit.5. gives the actual number of atoms of each element per formula unit.
Answer:
4. gives the relative number of atoms of each element per formula unit
Explanation:
An empirical formula -
It refers to the formula which determined the simplest whole - number ratio of all the atoms in a given species , is referred to as an empirical formula .
In simple terms ,
It is he smallest formula of the whole number which when multiplied by some whole number gives the actual structure of the compound .
Hence , from the given information of the question ,
The correct option for empirical formula is 4.
Final answer:
The empirical formula represents the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound, distinguishing it from the molecular formula which shows the exact number of atoms.
Explanation:
An empirical formula is a representation of the relative number of atoms of each element in a chemical compound, showing the simplest whole-number ratio between the elements. It does not convey the actual numbers of atoms within a molecule but provides a simplified overview of the compound's composition. This characteristic distinguishes it from a molecular formula which details the exact number of atoms of each element present in a molecule. The empirical formula is fundamental in chemistry for understanding the basic composition of a compound and can be derived from the compound's percentage composition.
For example, the empirical formula of water (H2O) indicates that for every oxygen atom, there are two hydrogen atoms, presenting a ratio of 2:1. This reflects the simplest ratio of the atoms within the compound, regardless of how many molecules are present.
Balance the following equation with the smallest whole number coefficients. Choose the answer that is the sum of the coefficients in the balanced equation. Do not forget coefficients of "one". RbOH + H3PO4 → Rb3PO4 + H2O
Final answer:
To balance the equation RbOH + H3PO4 → Rb3PO4 + H2O, you use the coefficients 3, 1, 1, and 3, resulting in a sum of 8.
Explanation:
The question involves balancing a chemical equation to ensure that the same number of atoms of each element is present on both sides, following the law of conservation of mass. The balanced equation for RbOH + H3PO4 → Rb3PO4 + H2O is 3RbOH + H3PO4 → Rb3PO4 + 3H2O, giving us coefficients 3, 1, 1, 3, and the sum of these coefficients is 8.
It's important to never change the subscripts in a chemical formula while balancing an equation. Instead, coefficients are placed in front of the chemical formulae to indicate the relative amounts of reactants and products. The lowest whole number ratio that balances the equation should be used.
A decrease of one unit in the pH scale above represents a tenfold increase in the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution. For example, a solution having a pH of 4 is 10 times more acidic than a solution with a pH of 5. If acid precipitation rain changes the pH of a pond from 7.5 to 6.5, the level of hydrogen ion has changed by a factor of ________
A) 2.0
B) 10
C) 13.0
D) 100
E) 0.01
Answer:
The level of hydrogen ion has increased by a factor of 10.
Explanation:
We know, [tex]pH=-log[H^{+}][/tex]
where [tex][H^{+}][/tex] represents concentration of [tex]H^{+}[/tex] in molarity
Here [tex](pH)_{final}=6.5[/tex]
So, [tex][H^{+}]_{final}=10^{-6.5}M[/tex]
Here [tex](pH)_{initial}=7.5[/tex]
So, [tex][H^{+}]_{initial}=10^{-7.5}M[/tex]
Hence, change in pH = [tex]\frac{[H^{+}]_{final}}{[H^{+}]_{initial}}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{10^{-6.5}M}{10^{-7.5}M}=10[/tex]
So, the level of hydrogen ion has increased by a factor of 10.
Option (B) is correct
For the chemical reaction HCN ( aq ) + KOH ( aq ) ⟶ H 2 O ( l ) + KCN ( aq ) HCN(aq)+KOH(aq)⟶H2O(l)+KCN(aq) write the net ionic equation, including the phases. net ionic equation:
The net ionic equation for the reaction HCN(aq) + KOH(aq) ⟶ H2O(l) + KCN(aq) is: H+ (aq) + OH- (aq) ⟶ H2O(l), after factoring out the spectator ions.
Explanation:The subject of this question is the net ionic equation for the chemical reaction HCN(aq) + KOH(aq) ⟶ H2O(l) + KCN(aq). First, we write out the full molecular equation. Secondly, we break all aqueous compounds (those in a water solution) down into their ions, resulting in the total or full ionic equation. We then eliminate ions that show up on both sides of the equation as they don't play a part in the actual chemical reaction and are thus 'spectators'. What remains is termed the net ionic equation.
The full molecular equation is: HCN(aq) + KOH(aq) ⟶ H2O(l) + KCN(aq). The full ionic equation is: H+ (aq) + CN- (aq) + K+ (aq) + OH- (aq) ⟶ H2O(l) + K+ (aq) + CN- (aq). From this, the K+ (aq) and CN- (aq) are on both sides and can be eliminated as spectator ions. Thus, the net ionic equation is: H+ (aq) + OH- (aq) ⟶ H2O(l).
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For the reaction [tex]HCN (aq) + KOH (aq) \rightarrow H_2O (l) + KCN (aq)[/tex], the net ionic equation is [tex]HCN (aq) + OH^- (aq) \rightarrow H_2O (l) + CN^- (aq)[/tex] .
For the chemical reaction [tex]HCN (aq) + KOH (aq) \rightarrow H_2O (l) + KCN (aq)[/tex], let's write the net ionic equation including the phases:
First, we'll break down the reaction into its ionic components:
HCN (aq) stays as HCN because it's a weak acid and doesn't dissociate completely in water.KOH (aq) dissociates into [tex]K^+[/tex] (aq) and [tex]OH^-[/tex] (aq).The products include H2O (l) and KCN (aq), where KCN dissociates into [tex]K^+[/tex] (aq) and [tex]CN^-[/tex] (aq).The complete ionic equation is:
[tex]HCN (aq) + K^+ (aq) + OH^- (aq) \rightarrow H_2O (l) + K^+ (aq) + CN^- (aq)[/tex]
Next, we cancel out the spectator ions (K+) to get the net ionic equation:
[tex]HCN (aq) + OH^- (aq) \rightarrow H_2O (l) + CN^- (aq)[/tex]
The __________ process of nlp normalizes words into base or root form.
Answers: The Stemming
a solution of hydrochloric acid of unknown concentration was titrated with .21 M NaOH. if a 75 ml sample of the HCl solution required exactly 13ml of the NaOH solution to reach the equivalence point, what was the ph of the HCl solution
Answer:
pH of HCl solution is 1.44
Explanation:
NaOH is a monoprotic base and HCl is a monobasic acid.
Neutralization reaction: [tex]NaOH+HCl\rightarrow NaCl+H_{2}O[/tex]
According to balanced reaction, 1 mol of NaOH neutralizes 1 mol of HCl.
Number of moles of NaOH in 13 mL of 0.21 M NaOH
= [tex]\frac{0.21}{1000}\times 13mol=0.00273mol[/tex]
let's assume concentration of HCl is C (M)
Then, number of moles of HCl in 75 mL of C (M) HCl solution
= [tex]\frac{75}{1000}\times Cmol=\frac{75C}{1000}mol[/tex]
So, we can write, [tex]\frac{75C}{1000}=0.00273[/tex]
or, [tex]C=0.0364[/tex]
1 mol of HCl contains 1 mol of [tex]H^{+}[/tex]
So, concentration of [tex]H^{+}[/tex] in 0.0364 M HCl, [tex][H^{+}]=0.0364M[/tex]
Hence, [tex]pH=-log[H^{+}]=-log(0.0364)=1.44[/tex]
The activation energy for the reaction NO2(g)+CO(g)⟶NO(g)+CO2(g) is Ea = 75 kJ/mol and the change in enthalpy for the reaction is ΔH = -175 kJ/mol .What is the activation energy for the reverse reaction?
Answer:
= 100kJ
Explanation:
The reverse reaction's activation energy of a reaction is the activation energy of the forward reaction plus ΔH of the reaction:
Ea of forward reaction =75kJ
∆H = -175 kJ/mol
Ea of reverse reaction = 75 +(-175)
= 100kJ
Note that a reverse reaction is one which can proceed in both direction depending on the conditions.
Final answer:
The activation energy for the reverse reaction is calculated using enthalpy change and the activation energy for the forward reaction; it is 250 kJ/mol.
Explanation:
To find the activation energy for the reverse reaction, we can utilize the relationship between the activation energy for the forward reaction (Ea forward), the activation energy for the reverse reaction (Ea reverse), and the enthalpy change (ΔH) of the reaction. The activation energy for a reaction in one direction plus the activation energy for the reverse reaction is equal to the enthalpy change (ΔH) of the overall reaction. Using the given data for the forward reaction: Ea forward = 75 kJ/mol, and ΔH = -175 kJ/mol, we can calculate the activation energy for the reverse reaction using the equation:
Ea reverse = Ea forward - ΔH
Plugging the values into the equation gives:
Ea reverse = 75 kJ/mol - (-175 kJ/mol)
Ea reverse = 75 kJ/mol + 175 kJ/mol
Ea reverse = 250 kJ/mol
Therefore, the activation energy for the reverse reaction is 250 kJ/mol.
A compound consists of 65.45% C, 5.492% H, and 29.06% O on a mass basis and has a molar mass of 110 g/mol. Determine the molecular formula of the compound.
Answer:
The molecular formula is C6H6O2
Explanation:
Step 1: Data given
Suppose the mass of the compound = 100 grams
The compound has:
65.45 % C = 65.45 grams
5.492 % H = 5.49 grams
29.06 % O = 29.06 grams
Molar mass C = 12.01 g/mol
Molar mass H = 1.01 g/mol
Molar mass O = 16.00 g/mol
Molar mass = 110 g/mol
Step 2: Calculate moles
Moles = mass / molar mass
Moles C = 65.45 grams / 12.01 g/mol
Moles C = 5.450 moles
Moles H = 5.49 grams / 1.01 g/mol
Moles H = 5.44 moles
Moles O = 29.06 grams / 16.00 g/mol
Moles O = 1.816 moles
Step 3: Calculate mol ratio
We divide by the smallest amount of moles
Moles C = 5.450 moles / 1.816 = 3
Moles H = 5.44 moles / 1.816 = 3
Moles O = 1.816/1.816 = 1
The empirical formula is C3H3O
The molar mass of this formula is 55 g/mol
We have to multiply the empirical formula by n
n = 110/55 = 2
2*(C3H3O) = C6H6O2
The molecular formula is C6H6O2
The empirical formula for the compound, given the percentage composition and molecular mass, is C3H3O. The molecular formula, given that the molar mass of the compound is about 2.66 times the empirical formula's molar mass, is C9H9O3.
Explanation:To determine the molecular formula of the compound, we first assume that we have 100g of the compound. This means we have 65.45g of Carbon (C), 5.492g of Hydrogen (H), and 29.06g of Oxygen (O). We must then convert these masses to moles by dividing by the atomic mass (12.01 for C, 1.008 for H, and 16 for O).
Therefore, we have:
For Carbon: 65.45g ÷ 12.01g/mol = 5.45 molFor Hydrogen: 5.492g ÷ 1.008g/mol = 5.45 molFor Oxygen: 29.06g ÷ 16g/mol = 1.816 molWe then divide these mole quantities by the smallest obtained mole number to try to get whole numbers. This should give an atomic ratio of 3:3:1 for C, H, and O respectively.
By combining these ratios into a chemical formula, we get C3H3O. This is the empirical formula. The molar mass of this formula (41 g/mol) goes into the given molar mass of the compound (110 g/mol) about 2.66 times, indicating that the true molecular formula of this compound is C9H9O3.
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In CF4 and NF3, the ___electron groups on the central C and N atoms have a ___ arrangement. The shapes of the molecules are determined by the number of ___ of electrons: since CF4 has ___ bonded atom(s) and ___ lone pair(s) of electrons, the shape is ___. Since NF3 has ___ bonded atom(s) and ___ lone pair(s) of electrons, the shape is ___.
The molecules CF4 and NF3 have five electron groups arranged in a trigonal bipyramidal fashion. CF4, with four bonded atoms and zero lone pairs, is tetrahedral. NF3, with three bonded atoms and one lone pair, is trigonal pyramidal.
Explanation:In CF4 and NF3, the five electron groups on the central C and N atoms have a trigonal bipyramidal arrangement. The shapes of the molecules are determined by the number of pairs of electrons: since CF4 has four bonded atoms and zero lone pairs of electrons, the shape is tetrahedral. Since NF3 has three bonded atoms and one lone pair of electrons, the shape is trigonal pyramidal.
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CF4 and NF3 have a tetrahedral electron-pair geometry due to four electron groups on the central atoms. CF4 has a tetrahedral shape due to four bonded atoms and no lone pairs, while NF3 has a trigonal pyramidal shape due to three bonded atoms and one lone pair.
Explanation:In CF4 and NF3, the four electron groups on the central C and N atoms have a tetrahedral arrangement. The shapes of the molecules are determined by the number of bonded atoms and lone pairs of electrons:
In CF4, there are four bonded atoms and no lone pairs of electrons, resulting in a tetrahedral shape.In NF3, there are three bonded atoms and one lone pair of electrons, resulting in a trigonal pyramidal shape.This distinction occurs because although both molecules have a tetrahedral electron-pair geometry, the presence of a lone pair of electrons on nitrogen in NF3 distorts the geometry to be trigonal pyramidal at the molecular level.
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