Discuss what all the values of w and q should be if a system is exothermic. Then discuss what all the values of w and q should be if a system is endothermic.

The molecules CF4 and NF3 have five electron groups arranged in a trigonal bipyramidal fashion. CF4, with four bonded atoms and zero lone pairs, is tetrahedral. NF3, with three bonded atoms and one lone pair, is trigonal pyramidal.

In CF4 and NF3, the five electron groups on the central C and N atoms have a trigonal bipyramidal arrangement. The shapes of the molecules are determined by the number of pairs of electrons: since CF4 has four bonded atoms and zero lone pairs of electrons, the shape is tetrahedral. Since NF3 has three bonded atoms and one lone pair of electrons, the shape is trigonal pyramidal.

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CF4 and NF3 have a tetrahedral electron-pair geometry due to four electron groups on the central atoms. CF4 has a tetrahedral shape due to four bonded atoms and no lone pairs, while NF3 has a trigonal pyramidal shape due to three bonded atoms and one lone pair.

In CF4 and NF3, the four electron groups on the central C and N atoms have a tetrahedral arrangement. The shapes of the molecules are determined by the number of bonded atoms and lone pairs of electrons:

This distinction occurs because although both molecules have a tetrahedral electron-pair geometry, the presence of a lone pair of electrons on nitrogen in NF3 distorts the geometry to be trigonal pyramidal at the molecular level.

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Answer:

The molecular formula is C6H6O2

Explanation:

Step 1: Data given

Suppose the mass of the compound = 100 grams

The compound has:

65.45 % C = 65.45 grams

5.492 % H = 5.49 grams

29.06 % O = 29.06 grams

Molar mass C = 12.01 g/mol

Molar mass H = 1.01 g/mol

Molar mass O = 16.00 g/mol

Molar mass = 110 g/mol

Step 2: Calculate moles

Moles = mass / molar mass

Moles C = 65.45 grams / 12.01 g/mol

Moles C = 5.450 moles

Moles H = 5.49 grams / 1.01 g/mol

Moles H = 5.44 moles

Moles O = 29.06 grams / 16.00 g/mol

Moles O = 1.816 moles

Step 3: Calculate mol ratio

We divide by the smallest amount of moles

Moles C = 5.450 moles / 1.816 = 3

Moles H = 5.44 moles / 1.816 = 3

Moles O = 1.816/1.816 = 1

The empirical formula is C3H3O

The molar mass of this formula is 55 g/mol

We have to multiply the empirical formula by n

n = 110/55 = 2

2*(C3H3O) = C6H6O2

The molecular formula is C6H6O2

The empirical formula for the compound, given the percentage composition and molecular mass, is C3H3O. The molecular formula, given that the molar mass of the compound is about 2.66 times the empirical formula's molar mass, is C9H9O3.

To determine the molecular formula of the compound, we first assume that we have 100g of the compound. This means we have 65.45g of Carbon (C), 5.492g of Hydrogen (H), and 29.06g of Oxygen (O). We must then convert these masses to moles by dividing by the atomic mass (12.01 for C, 1.008 for H, and 16 for O).

Therefore, we have:

We then divide these mole quantities by the smallest obtained mole number to try to get whole numbers. This should give an atomic ratio of 3:3:1 for C, H, and O respectively.

By combining these ratios into a chemical formula, we get C3H3O. This is the empirical formula. The molar mass of this formula (41 g/mol) goes into the given molar mass of the compound (110 g/mol) about 2.66 times, indicating that the true molecular formula of this compound is C9H9O3.

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Answer: 2.53 x 10^-2 moles As ( the answer is in scientific notation )

Answer:

Photosynthesis

Explanation:

As the plants are converting the CO2 into O2... So the photosynthesis reduce the amount of CO2...

Answer:

The answer is photosynthesis

Explanation:

The key processes of the carbon cycle are when the carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is changed into plant material in the biosphere by photosynthesis.

Then organisms in the biosphere obtain energy from respiration and releases carbon dioxide that was orignally changed by photosynthesis.

Answer:

d = 4.50 g/cm³

Explanation:

Given data:

Edge length of a cube = 11.4 mm  (11.4/10 = 1.14 cm)

Mass of cube = 6.67 g

Density = ?

Solution:

Density:

Density is equal to the mass of substance divided by its volume.

Units:

SI unit of density is Kg/m3.

Other units are given below,

g/cm3, g/mL , kg/L

Formula:

D=m/v

D= density

m=mass

V=volume

Symbol:

The symbol used for density is called rho. It is represented by ρ. However letter D can also be used to represent the density.

First of all we will calculate the volume of cube.

Volume = length × width × height

Since all are equal,that's why

Volume = 1.14 cm ×  1.14 cm × 1.14 cm

Volume = 1.482 cm³

d = m/v

d = 6.67 g/ 1.482 cm³

d = 4.50 g/cm³

Answer:

pH =2.685

Explanation:

mass of acetylsalicylic acid, m = 2  ×  325 m g  ×  (1 g   / 1000 m g )

=  0.65 g

Volume V = 237mL

dissociation constant, Ka =3.3×10⁻⁴

molecular weight of acetylsalicylic acid = 180.1 g/mol

mass of acetylsalicylic acid, (HC₉H₇O₄)

= 0.65 / 180.1

= 0.0036mol

concentration of HC₉H₇O₄ in a 237 mL solution

M = 0.0036 / 237ML

= 0.015M

in a 237 mL solution  HC₉H₇O₄ in water is

C₉H₇O₄⁻ ⇄ H⁺

Next, we show the changes in different phases that occur during the dissociation process. We use the value x as the concentration loss/gained during the dissociation process,

              HC₉H₇O₄          C₉H₇O₄⁻             H⁺

Initial          0.015               0                       0

change       -x                     x                       x

equilibrium  0.015 -x          x                      x

The equation for the dissociation constant Ka ,

[tex]K_a = \frac{[C_9H_7O_4^-[H^+]]}{[HC_9H_7O_4]} \\3.3 * 10^-^4 = \frac{x * x}{0.015 - x} \\4.95 * 10^-^6-3.3 * 10 ^-^4x = x^2\\[/tex]

using quadratic equation

x² + 3.3 * 10⁻⁴x - 4.95 * 10 ⁻⁶ = 0

x = 0.002066M

pH = -log[H⁺]

pH = -log[0.002066]

= 2.685

Answer:

Weaker

Explanation:

The strategy here is to use Raoult´s law to calculate the theoretical vapor pressure for the concentrations given and compare it with the experimental value of 211 torr.

Raoult´s law tell us that for a binary solution

P total = partial pressure A + partial pressure B = Xa PºA + Xb PºB

where Xa and Xb are the mol fractions, and  PºA and PºB are the vapor pressures of pure A and pure B, respectively

For the solution in question we have

Ptotal = 0.312 x 55.3 torr + ( 1- 0.312 ) x 256 torr     ( XA + XB = 1 )

Ptotal = 193 torr

Since experimentally, the total vapor pressure is 211 and our theoretical value is smaller ( 193 torr ), we can conclude the interactions  solute-solvent are weaker compared to the solute-solute and solvent-solvent interactions.

Using Raoult's law, we can conclude that if the actual total vapor pressure of the solution does not match the calculated value, the solution is not ideal. Deviations from the ideal behavior indicate that the solute-solvent interactions differ in strength from solute-solute and solvent-solvent interactions.

To determine if the solution is ideal and to discuss the strengths of solute-solvent interactions compared to solute-solute and solvent-solvent interactions, we can use Raoult's law. Raoult's law states that the partial vapor pressure of each component in an ideal solution is equal to the product of the mole fraction of the component in the liquid phase and the vapor pressure of the pure component.

The expected total vapor pressure for an ideal solution can be calculated by summing the partial pressures of each component. For methanol (CH3OH), with a mole fraction of 1 - 0.312 = 0.688 and a vapor pressure of 256 torr, the expected partial pressure is partial pressure of methanol = 0.688 × 256 torr. For water (H2O), with a mole fraction of 0.312 and a vapor pressure of 55.3 torr, the expected partial pressure is partial pressure of water = 0.312 × 55.3 torr. By adding these two values together, we would get the expected total vapor pressure of an ideal solution.

If the calculated total vapor pressure using Raoult's law does not match the actual total vapor pressure of 211 torr, the solution is not ideal. In that case, the deviation indicates that the solute-solvent interactions differ in strength from the solute-solute and solvent-solvent interactions. If the actual vapor pressure is lower than expected, the solute-solvent interactions are stronger, suggesting a negative deviation. Conversely, a higher actual vapor pressure indicates weaker solute-solvent interactions relative to pure components, leading to a positive deviation.

Answer:

The answer to your question is Miscible

Explanation:

Miscibility is a property to mix in all proportions to fully dissolve in each other at any concentration, forming and homogeneous solution.

Then Miscible substances is when we can combine both liquids in no matter their proportions, we will always obtain a homogeneous mixture.

Two liquids that are soluble in each other in all proportions are termed as miscible, like water and ethanol. Conversely, liquids that do not mix well are immiscible, like oil and water. An intermediary state is partial miscibility, where two liquids have moderate solubility, such as water and bromine.

When two liquids are soluble in each other in all proportions, they are said to be miscible. An example of this is ethanol and water, which blend together completely, regardless of the proportions used. Contrastingly, liquids that do not mix together effectively are deemed immiscible, like oil and water. These tend to form separate layers due to the insufficient attractive forces between their molecules.

A step between these is the state of being partially miscible, which applies when two liquids have moderate mutual solubility. They form two distinct layers when mixed together, as seen when water is combined with bromine. The limit of solubility in each miscibility category (miscible, partially miscible, immiscible) depends on different physical properties and interactions between the molecules of the liquids in question.

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Answer: The chemical formula of the given compound will be [tex]S_2O_2[/tex]

Explanation:

The compound formed is disulfur dioxide.

Covalent compound is defined as the compound which is formed by the sharing of electrons between the atoms forming a compound. These are usually formed when two non-metals react.

Disulfur dioxide is a covalent compound because sharing of electrons takes place between sulfur and oxygen. Both the elements are non-metals and hence, will form covalent bond.

The nomenclature of covalent compound is given by:

Hence, the chemical formula of the given compound will be [tex]S_2O_2[/tex]

Final answer:

The chemical formula for disulfur dioxide is S₂O₂, composed of two sulfur atoms and two oxygen atoms.

Explanation:

The chemical formula for disulfur dioxide is S₂O₂. This compound consists of two sulfur atoms and two oxygen atoms. Disulfur dioxide is not as common as sulfur dioxide (SO₂), which is known for being a toxic gas with a strong odor and commonly discussed in relation to atmospheric pollution and volcanic emissions. In the context of Jupiter's moon Io, sulfur dioxide plays a significant role due to the volcanic activity there, causing sulfur and sulfur dioxide to recondense as particles and affect the moon's atmosphere and surface.

Answer:

The level of hydrogen ion has increased by a factor of 10.

Explanation:

We know, [tex]pH=-log[H^{+}][/tex]

where [tex][H^{+}][/tex] represents concentration of [tex]H^{+}[/tex] in molarity

Here [tex](pH)_{final}=6.5[/tex]

So, [tex][H^{+}]_{final}=10^{-6.5}M[/tex]

Here [tex](pH)_{initial}=7.5[/tex]

So, [tex][H^{+}]_{initial}=10^{-7.5}M[/tex]

Hence, change in pH = [tex]\frac{[H^{+}]_{final}}{[H^{+}]_{initial}}[/tex]  = [tex]\frac{10^{-6.5}M}{10^{-7.5}M}=10[/tex]

So, the level of hydrogen ion has increased by a factor of 10.

Option (B) is correct

The pressure at the bottom of the beaker does increase when the water is heated from 10℃ to 90℃ due to the expansion of water and the resultant increase in height of the water column.

When a beaker of water is heated from 10℃ to 90℃, the pressure at the bottom of the beaker increases. This is because as water expands when heated, the water columns above each point at the bottom of the beaker become taller. Since pressure in a fluid is given by the equation P = hρg (where P is pressure, h is the height of the fluid column, ρ is the density of the fluid, and g is the acceleration due to gravity), an increase in height (due to expansion of water) leads to an increase in pressure.

Additionally, it's important to note that while the density of the water decreases slightly as the temperature increases, the effect of the increased height of the water column on pressure outweighs the effect of the reduced density.

Answer:

One significant difference between gases and liquids is that a gas expands to fill its container.

Explanation:

One of the biggest differences between liquids and gases is that liquids have a defined volume and gases do not. A gas has no defined shape or volume, it acquires the shape and volume of the container in which it is located. It is the tendency of gases to increase in volume due to the force of repulsion that works between their molecules.

One significant difference between gases and liquids should be that a gas expands to fill its container.

It is the biggest difference that lies between the liquids and gases is that the liquid should contain the volume while the gas does not. Also, the gas does not have a defined shape or volume.

It purchased the shape and the container volume where it should be located.

Also, there is the gas tendency for increasing the volume because of the repulsion of the force that should be worked between the molecules.

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Answer:

0.2 moles of solute are in 200 mL

Explanation:

If we assume an aqueous solution, the solvent's density is 1g/mL

Solvent's volume = 200 mL

Solvent's density = Solvent's mass / Solvent's volume

Solvent's mass = solvent's density . solvent's volume → 200 mL . 1g/mL = 200 g

1 m means molality, we have 1 mol of solute in 1000 g of solvent, but in here the mass of solvent is 200 g. Let's make a rule of three:

1000 g of solvent have 1 mol of solute

Therefore, 200 g of solvent must have (200 .1) / 1000 = 0.2 moles

There are 0.2 moles of solute in 200 milliliters of a 1 M solution.

The question asks how many moles of solute are contained in 200 milliliters of a 1 m solution. To find the answer, we must understand the difference between molarity (M) and molality (m). Molarity is the number of moles of solute per liter of solution, while molality is the number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent. However, taking into account that typically, a '1 M solution' is often used to denote molarity, and it is indicated that 1 M equals 1 mole solute in 1 liter solution, we can use this information.

First, we convert the volume from milliliters to liters assuming the usage of molarity. So, 200 milliliters is 0.2 liters. Then, we apply the formula for molarity:

moles solute = Molarity (M)  imes Volume (L)

moles solute = 1 M  imes 0.2 L

moles solute = 0.2 moles

Therefore, there are 0.2 moles of solute in 200 milliliters of a 1 m solution.

Answer:

4.  gives the relative number of atoms of each element per formula unit

Explanation:

An empirical formula -

It refers to the formula which determined the simplest whole - number ratio of all the atoms in a given species , is referred to as an empirical formula .

In simple terms ,

It is he smallest formula of the whole number which when multiplied by some whole number gives the actual structure of the compound .

Hence , from the given information of the question ,

The correct option for empirical formula is 4.

Final answer:

The empirical formula represents the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound, distinguishing it from the molecular formula which shows the exact number of atoms.

Explanation:

An empirical formula is a representation of the relative number of atoms of each element in a chemical compound, showing the simplest whole-number ratio between the elements. It does not convey the actual numbers of atoms within a molecule but provides a simplified overview of the compound's composition. This characteristic distinguishes it from a molecular formula which details the exact number of atoms of each element present in a molecule. The empirical formula is fundamental in chemistry for understanding the basic composition of a compound and can be derived from the compound's percentage composition.

For example, the empirical formula of water (H2O) indicates that for every oxygen atom, there are two hydrogen atoms, presenting a ratio of 2:1. This reflects the simplest ratio of the atoms within the compound, regardless of how many molecules are present.

Answer:

pH of HCl solution is 1.44

Explanation:

NaOH is a monoprotic base and HCl is a monobasic acid.

Neutralization reaction: [tex]NaOH+HCl\rightarrow NaCl+H_{2}O[/tex]

According to balanced reaction, 1 mol of NaOH neutralizes 1 mol of HCl.

Number of moles of NaOH in 13 mL of 0.21 M NaOH

= [tex]\frac{0.21}{1000}\times 13mol=0.00273mol[/tex]

let's assume concentration of HCl is C (M)

Then, number of moles of HCl in 75 mL of C (M) HCl solution

= [tex]\frac{75}{1000}\times Cmol=\frac{75C}{1000}mol[/tex]

So, we can write, [tex]\frac{75C}{1000}=0.00273[/tex]

or, [tex]C=0.0364[/tex]

1 mol of HCl contains 1 mol of [tex]H^{+}[/tex]

So, concentration of [tex]H^{+}[/tex] in 0.0364 M HCl, [tex][H^{+}]=0.0364M[/tex]

Hence, [tex]pH=-log[H^{+}]=-log(0.0364)=1.44[/tex]

Answer : The number of unpaired electrons in the [tex]F_2^{2+}[/tex] = 2

The bond order of [tex]F_2^{2+}[/tex] is, 2

Explanation :

According to the molecular orbital theory, the general molecular orbital configuration will be,

[tex](\sigma_{1s}),(\sigma_{1s}^*),(\sigma_{2s}),(\sigma_{2s}^*),(\sigma_{2p_z}),[(\pi_{2p_x})=(\pi_{2p_y})],[(\pi_{2p_x}^*)=(\pi_{2p_y}^*)],(\sigma_{2p_z}^*)[/tex]

As there are 9 electrons present in fluorine.

The number of electrons present in [tex]F_2^{2+}[/tex] molecule = 2(9) = 18 - 2 = 16

The molecular orbital configuration of [tex]F_2^{2+}[/tex] molecule will be,

[tex](\sigma_{1s})^2,(\sigma_{1s}^*)^2,(\sigma_{2s})^2,(\sigma_{2s}^*)^2,(\sigma_{2p_z})^2,[(\pi_{2p_x})^2=(\pi_{2p_y})^2],[(\pi_{2p_x}^*)^1=(\pi_{2p_y}^*)^1],(\sigma_{2p_z}^*)^0[/tex]

The number of unpaired electrons in the [tex]F_2^{2+}[/tex] = 2

The formula of bond order = [tex]\frac{1}{2}\times (\text{Number of bonding electrons}-\text{Number of anti-bonding electrons})[/tex]

The bonding order of [tex]F_2^{2+}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{1}{2}\times (10-6)=2[/tex]

The bond order of [tex]F_2^{2+}[/tex] is, 2

The net ionic equation for the reaction HCN(aq) + KOH(aq) ⟶ H2O(l) + KCN(aq) is: H+ (aq) + OH- (aq) ⟶ H2O(l), after factoring out the spectator ions.

The subject of this question is the net ionic equation for the chemical reaction HCN(aq) + KOH(aq) ⟶ H2O(l) + KCN(aq). First, we write out the full molecular equation. Secondly, we break all aqueous compounds (those in a water solution) down into their ions, resulting in the total or full ionic equation. We then eliminate ions that show up on both sides of the equation as they don't play a part in the actual chemical reaction and are thus 'spectators'. What remains is termed the net ionic equation.

The full molecular equation is: HCN(aq) + KOH(aq) ⟶ H2O(l) + KCN(aq). The full ionic equation is: H+ (aq) + CN- (aq) + K+ (aq) + OH- (aq) ⟶ H2O(l) + K+ (aq) + CN- (aq). From this, the K+ (aq) and CN- (aq) are on both sides and can be eliminated as spectator ions. Thus, the net ionic equation is: H+ (aq) + OH- (aq) ⟶ H2O(l).

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For the reaction [tex]HCN (aq) + KOH (aq) \rightarrow H_2O (l) + KCN (aq)[/tex], the net ionic equation is [tex]HCN (aq) + OH^- (aq) \rightarrow H_2O (l) + CN^- (aq)[/tex] .

For the chemical reaction [tex]HCN (aq) + KOH (aq) \rightarrow H_2O (l) + KCN (aq)[/tex], let's write the net ionic equation including the phases:

First, we'll break down the reaction into its ionic components:

The complete ionic equation is:

[tex]HCN (aq) + K^+ (aq) + OH^- (aq) \rightarrow H_2O (l) + K^+ (aq) + CN^- (aq)[/tex]

Next, we cancel out the spectator ions (K+) to get the net ionic equation:

[tex]HCN (aq) + OH^- (aq) \rightarrow H_2O (l) + CN^- (aq)[/tex]

Answers: The Stemming

Answer: [tex]2.49^0C[/tex]

Explanation:

Depression in freezing point is:

[tex]T_f^0-T_f=i\times k_f\times \frac{w_2\times 1000}{M_2\times w_1}[/tex]

where,

[tex]T_f[/tex] = freezing point of solution = ?

[tex]T^o_f[/tex] =  freezing point of solvent (cyclohexane) = [tex]6.50^oC[/tex]

[tex]k_f[/tex] =  freezing point constant  of  solvent (cyclohexane)  = [tex]20.0^oC/m[/tex]

m = molality

i = Van't Hoff factor = 1 (for non-electrolyte)

[tex]w_2[/tex] = mass of solute (biphenyl) = 0.771 g

[tex]w_1[/tex] = mass of solvent (cyclohexane) = 25.0 g

[tex]M_2[/tex] = molar mass of solute (biphenyl) =

Now put all the given values in the above formula, we get:

[tex](6.50-T_f)^oC=1\times (20.0^oC/m)\times \frac{(0.771g)\times 1000}{154\times (25.0g)}[/tex]

[tex](6.50-T_f)^oC=4.01[/tex]

[tex]T_f=2.49^0C[/tex]

Therefore, the freezing point of a solution made by dissolving 0.771 g of biphenyl in 25.0 g of cyclohexane is [tex]2.49^0C[/tex]

The freezing point of a solution made by dissolving 0.771 g of biphenyl in 25.0 g of cyclohexane is 2.50 °C. This is calculated using the freezing point depression formula with the cryoscopic constant and the molality of the solution.

The freezing point of a solution made by dissolving 0.771 g of biphenyl (C12H10) in 25.0 g of cyclohexane can be calculated using the concept of freezing point depression. The formula to calculate the freezing point depression (ΔTf) is given by ΔTf = i * Kf * m, where ΔTf is the freezing point depression, i is the van't Hoff factor (which is 1 for non-electrolytes like biphenyl), Kf is the cryoscopic constant of the solvent, and m is the molality of the solute in the solution.

First, we need to calculate the molality of biphenyl in cyclohexane, which is calculated by moles of biphenyl per kilogram of cyclohexane. The molar mass of biphenyl (C12H10) is 154.21 g/mol. Therefore, moles of biphenyl = 0.771 g / 154.21 g/mol = 0.005 moles. Since there is 25.0 g of cyclohexane, this is equivalent to 0.025 kg. Thus, molality (m) = 0.005 moles / 0.025 kg = 0.2 mol/kg.

Using the provided cryoscopic constant (Kf) for cyclohexane, which is 20.0 °C/m, we can calculate the freezing point depression: ΔTf = 1 * 20.0 °C/m * 0.2 = 4.0 °C.

Finally, the freezing point of the solution is the freezing point of pure cyclohexane (6.50 °C) minus the freezing point depression (ΔTf): 6.50 °C - 4.0 °C = 2.50 °C.

Answer:

0.098 moles of HNO₃ are present if 4.90×[tex]10^{-2}[/tex] mol of Ba(OH)₂ was needed to neutralize the acid solution

Explanation:

1 mole of Ba(OH)₂ contains 2 moles of OH- ions.

Hence, 0.049 moles of Ba(OH)2 contains x moles of OH- ions.

cross multiplying, we have

1 mole * x mole = 2 moles * 0.049 mole

x mole = 2 * 0.049 / 1

x mole =  0.098 moles of OH- ions.

1 mole of OH- can neutralize 1 mole of H+

Therefore, 0.098 moles of HNO₃ are present if 0.049 moles of Ba(OH)₂ was needed to neutralize the acid solution.

Answer:

C2H5Cl + H20 ⇆ C2OOH4

Explanation:

The left over acetyl chloride which reacted with water to produce acetic acid

Answer:

To fulfill octet of B atom in borane, nucleophilic attack by pi electrons of alkene takes place with electrophilic B center in borane.

Explanation:

In Borane ([tex]BH_{3}[/tex]), B atom has energetically vacant 2p orbital and thereby octet is incomplete.Therefore B center in borane act as an electrophilic center.

In alkene, pi bonding electrons are loosely bound together due to side on overlap of two constituent p-orbitals. Hence this pi bond can be easily broken. Alternatively, we can say that pi bond in alkene act as a potential nucleophile.

The first step of hydroboration occurs in a concerted manner where pi electrons of alkene first attack vacant 2p orbital of B in borane to fulfill it's octet (represented by an arrow drawn from alkene to B atom) and forms a 4 memebered cyclic intermediate. Simulaneously, a B-H bond in borane is donated to alkene through 3c-2e bond (3 center-2 electron bond).

Full mechanism has been shown below.  

Answer:

= 100kJ

Explanation:

The reverse reaction's activation energy of a reaction is the activation energy of the forward reaction plus ΔH of the reaction:

Ea of forward reaction =75kJ

∆H = -175 kJ/mol

Ea of reverse reaction = 75 +(-175)

= 100kJ

Note that a reverse reaction is one which can proceed in both direction depending on the conditions.

Final answer:

The activation energy for the reverse reaction is calculated using enthalpy change and the activation energy for the forward reaction; it is 250 kJ/mol.

Explanation:

To find the activation energy for the reverse reaction, we can utilize the relationship between the activation energy for the forward reaction (Ea forward), the activation energy for the reverse reaction (Ea reverse), and the enthalpy change (ΔH) of the reaction. The activation energy for a reaction in one direction plus the activation energy for the reverse reaction is equal to the enthalpy change (ΔH) of the overall reaction. Using the given data for the forward reaction: Ea forward = 75 kJ/mol, and ΔH = -175 kJ/mol, we can calculate the activation energy for the reverse reaction using the equation:

Ea reverse = Ea forward - ΔH

Plugging the values into the equation gives:

Ea reverse = 75 kJ/mol - (-175 kJ/mol)

Ea reverse = 75 kJ/mol + 175 kJ/mol

Ea reverse = 250 kJ/mol

Therefore, the activation energy for the reverse reaction is 250 kJ/mol.

Answer:

d. condensation level

Explanation:

Condensation level is the elevation above the surface where a cloud first forms when air get into it. Because at that region, it is said that the humidity of the air will have reached it peak, then condensation starts to set in. As we equally known that when condensation occurs, water vapor in the air presumably changes into liquid water. So, we can therefore conclude that the significance of the condensation level is to assist in formation of clouds.

Answer:

Percent yield = 108%  

Explanation:

Percent yield is the ratio of experimental yield and the theoretical yield multiplied by 100.The expression for the percent yield is given as,

Percent yield =   experimental yield/theoretical yield *100

Percent yield = (3.9/3.6 )*100   = 108%  

Answer:

The autoionization of water is:

2H₂O ⇄  H₃O⁺  +  OH⁻        Kw

Explanation

2 moles of water can generate hydronium and hydroxide, when they work as an acid or as a base

If we take account that the concentration of protons (hydroniums), at the standard temperature is 1×10⁻⁷ M, it can be considered that the molarity of water is a constant that can be incorporated into a “greater” constant that also includes to Kc and that is known as ionic product of water, Kw. The expression is:

Kw = [H₃O⁺] . [OH⁻] / [H₂O]²

We do not include water → Kw =  [H₃O⁺] . [OH⁻]

Since the water dissociation reaction produces the same concentration of H₃O⁺ as OH⁻, [OH⁻] in pure water will also be 1×10⁻⁷ M

Kw = 1×10⁻⁷ . 1×10⁻⁷ = 1×10⁻¹⁴

pKw = pH + pOH

14 = 7 + 7

The autoionization of water can be represented by the chemical equation H2O(l) + H2O(l) -> H3O+ (aq) + OH- (aq). At 25 °C, two out of every billion water molecules are ionized, resulting in the formation of hydronium ions and hydroxide ions. The equilibrium constant for this process is Kw, which has a value of 1.0 × 10-14 at 25 °C.

The autoionization of water can be represented by the chemical equation:

H2O(l) + H2O(l) → H3O+ (aq) + OH–(aq)

The equilibrium constant for this reaction is called the ion-product constant for water, Kw. At 25 °C, Kw has a value of 1.0 × 10-14. This indicates that at this temperature, approximately two out of every billion water molecules undergo autoionization to produce hydronium ions (H3O+) and hydroxide ions (OH–).

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According to the atomic theory, atoms are neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction. This emphasizes the Law of Conservation of Mass and the principle that atoms combine in simple whole number ratios to form compounds.

According to the atomic theory, atoms are neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction. This principle is a part of Dalton's atomic theory, which lays the foundation for our understanding of chemical reactions. In essence, this law, often referred to as the Law of Conservation of Mass, indicates that in a chemical reaction, atoms are rearranged to form new substances, but the total number of atoms remains unchanged.

All matter is composed of atoms, which are the basic building blocks of matter. Atoms of the same element have identical properties, while atoms of different elements have unique properties. These atoms can combine in simple whole number ratios to form chemical compounds, adhering to the principle that atoms are indivisible in chemical processes.

Understanding this aspect of atomic theory is crucial for grasping the fundamentals of chemistry, as it underlines the conservation of mass in chemical reactions and the formation of compounds from atoms in specific ratios.

Answer:

increase in solvent temperature will increase the solubility of solid particle but decreases the solubility of gas particle.

Explanation:

In solid particle when temperature increases its help to break apart the solid particle and increase in kinetic energy of solvent results in increase in solubility of solid particles in solvent.

but in gas solute, increase in temperature of solvent causes the increase in motion of gas molecules means increase in kinetic energy of molecules in the gas which results in breakage of inter molecular bonds and removal of the molecules from the heated solution.

Answer:

second law of thermodynamics.

Explanation:

The second law of thermodynamics deals with interconversion of energy from one form to another. Although energy can be converted from one form to another, this conversion is never 100% efficient because energy is lost in certain ways such as through heat. In a combustion engine, it is not possible to recover the energy from the gasoline 100% since energy must be lost along the way via such means as heat losses. Hence I will be skeptical about such an advert.

According to the ideal gas law, the sum of the absolute temperature of the gas and the universal gas constant is equal to the product of the pressure and volume of one gram of an ideal gas. The volume of the balloon is  2.016 L.

The general gas equation, commonly referred to as the ideal gas law, represents the state of a fictitious ideal gas through an equation. The ideal gas law approximates the behavior of several gases under numerous conditions, despite the fact that it has a number of drawbacks.

n = (4.00 g) / (44.01 g/mol)

n = 0.090 mol

V = nRT / P

V = (0.090mol) × (0.08206 L atm / (mol K)) × (273 K) / (1 atm)

V = 2.016 L

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Using the ideal gas law and the conditions of STP, the volume of the balloon after the dry ice has sublimed would be approximately 2.24 liters.

To solve this, we need to use the ideal gas law: PV=nRT, where P is pressure, V is

volume, n is number of moles, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is temperature. Given that the question mentions.

Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP), we know that P is 1 atmosphere and T is 273.15 K. First, calculate n by dividing the mass of CO2 (4.00g) by its molar mass (~44.01 g/mol). This gives approximately 0.09 moles. Plug these values into the ideal gas law, making sure to use R's value for volume in liters (0.0821 L*atm/mol*K). This yields a final

volume of approximately 2.24 liters.

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