Movement of molecules across the cell membrane occurs by diffusion, active or passive transport.
Explanation:
Cell membrane are specifically penetrable, controlling which substances can go through, just as the amount of every substance can enter or exit at a given time. Specific permeability is fundamental to cells' capacity to get supplements, take out wastes, and keep up a steady inside condition unique in relation to that of the environment (homeostasis). Passive transport doesn't require the cell to consume any ATP and includes a substance diffusing down its concentration gradient across its membrane. In active transport, molecules cross the membrane using ATP.
A researcher is trying to create an artificial, eukaryotic cell-like membrane within the laboratory. She wants this membrane to be able to resist osmotic pressure. If she wants the membrane to have this trait, what should she make sure is a component of her artificial membrane?
Answer:
The correct answer is - cholesterol.
Explanation:
Osmotic pressure is the pressure that is applied to a solvent without any solute particle to prevent it from entering inward into a specific solution by the process of the osmosis.
In a cell to prevent osmosis or resistance to the osmotic pressure a cell membrane need to be have cholesterol as it is hydrophobic in nature and most of the solution have water as solvent.
Thus, the correct answer is - cholesterol.
If a pair of homologous chromosomes fails to separate during anaphase of meiosis I, what will be the chromosome number of the four resulting gametes with respect to the normal haploid number (n)?
If a pair of homologous chromosomes fails to separate during anaphase of meiosis I, what will be the chromosome number of the four resulting gametes with respect to the normal haploid number (n)?
a) n + 1; n + 1; n - 1; n - 1
b) n + 1; n + 1; n; n
c) n + 1; n - 1; n; n
d) n + 1; n - 1; n - 1; n - 1
Answer:
a) n + 1; n + 1; n - 1; n - 1
Explanation:
Separation of homologous chromosomes occurs during anaphase-I of meiosis. This event reduces the chromosome number from 2n to "n" in the daughter cells. If a pair of homologous chromosomes do not separate during anaphase-I, both the homologous chromosomes of that pair would be present in one daughter cell of the meiosis-I (n+1) while the other daughter cell would lack that chromosome (n-1).
Meiosis-II would maintain this chromosome number. Therefore, two gametes will have one extra chromosome (n+1) while the two gametes would lack one chromosome (n-1).
Answer:
a) n + 1; n + 1; n - 1; n - 1
Explanation:
What effect does epinephrine/norepinephrine have on the alpha receptors of the iris of the eye or the skeletal muscle vasculature?
Answer: When norepinephrine binds to alpha receptors of the iris of the eye, it causes contraction of the ciliary muscles of the eye which brings about pupil dilation.
Stimulation of alpha receptors of the smooth muscle vasculature results in vasoconstriction of blood vessels.
Explanation: Alpha receptors are adrenergic receptors that respond to norepinephrine. They are subdivided into two (2) types:
Alpha 1, found in smooth muscle heart, liver, pregnant uterus, male sexual organs and blood vessels, with effects including vasoconstriction, intestinal relaxation, uterine contraction and papillary dilation.
Alpha 2, found in platelets, vascular smooth muscle, nerve termini and pancreatic islets, with effects including platelet aggregation, vasoconstriction and inhibition of norepinephrine release and of insulin secretion.
If they had instead performed this assay on muscle cells, which have high energy demands and primarily consist of actin and myosin filaments, where would you expect the labeled proteins to go during the chase?
Question is incomplete (options are not given) The complete question is as follows :
Question :If they had instead performed this assay on muscle cells, which have high energy demands and primarily consist of actin and myosin filaments, where would you expect the labeled proteins to go during the chase?
-from the Golgi apparatus and the rough ER to the cytoplasm and the nucleus
-from the rough ER to the Golgi apparatus
-from the Golgi apparatus and the rough ER to the cytoplasm and the mitochondria
-from the cytoplasm to the Golgi apparatus
Answer:
-from the Golgi apparatus and the rough ER to the cytoplasm and the mitochondria
Explanation:
Proteins which have to be secreted , pass through the secretory pathway in the following order:
From the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (where they are synthesized ) moves to Golgi transport vesicles to the Golgi cisternae and secretory or transport vesicles are formed which then move to the cell surface by passing through the cytoplasm and by exocytosis move outwards. Small transport vesicles bud off from the endoplasmic reticulum and join to form the Golgi reticulum.
Hence the correct answer is that the labeled proteins to go from the Golgi apparatus and the rough ER to the cytoplasm and the mitochondria during the chase.
The __________ pathway is used by plants that thrive in high temperate conditions, such as sugarcane. Select one: a. C2 b. C3 c. C4 d. CAM
Answer:
C4
Explanation:
Plants present under the conditions of higher temperatures have several adaptations to reduce water loss. One such adaptation is the C4 photosynthetic pathway. In C4 pathways, plants perform the primary fixation of CO2 into C4 acids in mesophyll cells. These C4 acids are then transported to the bundle sheath cells where they are being decarboxylated to release CO2. The released CO2 enters into Calvin cycle and glucose is produced while the C3 acids are transported back to the mesophyll cells to continue the process.
In these plants, RuBisCo is present in bundle sheath cells and the higher concentration of CO2 around this enzyme increases the photosynthetic efficiency by reducing photorespiration. Thereby, these plants have a higher photosynthetic rate and do not need to open stomata more to support photosynthesis.
Based on the anatomical and physiological differences between an infant and an adult, which finding would suggest respiratory distress in an infant, but would be less likely to be observed in an adult
Answer: Excessive movements of the walls of the abdomen
Basically babies belly breathe, that is they undergo abdominal pattern of respiration( instead of the abdomino- thoracic pattern in adult), through their abdomen.
This is because, their thoracic walls are not fully functional to undergo the normal adult mechanisms of breathing.
The ribs are short in length due to incomplete ossification. They curve out wards, at low angle, their sternum, is shaped horizontally.
These features reduce the activities of the inter coastal muscles and the thoracic cage in the mechanism of infants breathing,compare to the long ribs, obliquely shaped rib cage, with lower sternum of adult which permit the abdominal-thoracic breathing pattern.
Therefore ,when the diaphragm distends during breathing ,its movement pushes the organs of the abdomen down; because infants have rapid respiratory rates, the distends created rapid expansion and contraction of the walls of the abdomen to gain enough abdominal pressure.
This together with the movement of organs of the abdomen from the pathways of diaphragm created the excessive movements of the abdominal walls. This rapid abdominal wall movements creates discomfort and distress for the infant during this mechanisms.
Explanation:
Final answer:
D. Excessive abdominal wall motion is a sign of respiratory distress in infants since they rely more on their diaphragm for breathing compared to adults.
Explanation:
Based on the anatomical and physiological differences between an infant and an adult, excessive abdominal wall motion would suggest respiratory distress in an infant but would be less likely to be observed in an adult. In infants, particularly those with Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS), the underdeveloped intercostal muscles and the reliance on the diaphragm for breathing make abdominal movement more pronounced when they experience respiratory distress. Adults typically have stronger chest muscles, allowing them to rely less on abdominal muscles for breathing, making excessive abdominal wall motion less common in adult respiratory distress.
Sammie Arnold Carvey has the major symptoms of schizophrenia but she does not meet full criteria for any of the disorders in the schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders diagnostic class. How would you list her diagnosis?
Answer:
The best way is to list her diagnosis is to place it under; other psychotic disorders and under other schizophrenia spectrum. Since the manifestation of this disorder did not meet the full criteria, it better to place her diagnosis under broad schizophrenic spectrum, in relevance to other psychotic disorders
This classification is applicable when symptoms of a disease produces a notable distress in a patient, but failed to meet the any of the full DSM-5 criteria for schizophrenia listed in the schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders.
it is also applicable when the medical subject can not discern why the symptoms does not meet the full criteria; or when relevant data are lacking for further diagnosis.
Explanation
A 53-year-old man presents with inability to concentrate, itching in his fingers and toes, elevated blood pressure, and unexplained weight loss. He is diagnosed with primary polycythemia. The primary goal of his treatment will be to:
Answer:
A 53-year-old man presents with inability to concentrate, itching in his fingers and toes, elevated blood pressure, and unexplained weight loss. He is diagnosed with primary polycythemia. The primary goal of his treatment will be to: total reduction of blood production which would help to solve other issues
Explanation:
polycythemia is a condition that entails the high production of the erythrocytes which is detrimental to good health condition. Food that increases blood production such as proteinous food like beans, egg, milk e.t.c would be avoided in order to maintain normal blood production
The main treatment objective for primary polycythemia is to lower the elevated hematocrit and blood viscosity, reducing blood pressure and improving symptoms.
The primary goal of treatment for a 53-year-old man diagnosed with primary polycythemia would be to reduce the elevated hematocrit and viscosity of the blood to decrease blood pressure and alleviate symptoms such as difficulty concentrating and itching in the fingers and toes. Polycythemia vera, a bone marrow disease, results in excessive production of immature erythrocytes, which can lead to complications such as raised blood pressure due to increased blood viscosity. Treatment typically involves phlebotomy to reduce blood volume and medications to lower the risk of blood clots. In some cases, chemotherapy or radiopharmaceuticals may be used to suppress the overactive bone marrow.
The regulation of gene expression in individual cells coordinates the development of multicellular organisms, ensuring that tissues and organs form in their characteristic places. Researchers can study how multicellular organisms develop their spatial organization by examining normal and mutant forms of organisms, such as the fruit fly, Drosophila.
Which of the following statements about pattern formation are true?
1. Cells receive molecular signals that communicate their position in relation to other cells.
2. Homeotic genes establish major body axes.
3. Differential gene expression affects the developmental process in animals.
4. Positional information controls pattern formation.
5. Pattern formation begins in adult animals.
6. Homeotic genes code for transcription factors that control the development of segment-specific body parts.
7. The process of pattern formation involves segmentation of the body but does not involve the development of segment-specific body parts.
Click again to see term
Answer:
Following Statements are true.
1. Cells receive molecular signals that communicate their position in relation to other cells.
3. Differential gene expression affects the developmental process in animals.
4. Positional information controls pattern formation.
6. Homeotic genes code for transcription factors that control the development of segment-specific body parts.
Explanation:
The formation of an eukaryotic organisms's spatial organization which includes organ formation and tissue arrangement is called as Pattern formation.
Molecular signals are received by cell. This phenomenon collectively refereed as positional information. Through this phenomenon cells are informed about their locomotion with respect to body axes and other cells. Regulation of pattern formation is controlled by Positional information.
When body axes is established a gene called homeotic gene start working as regulatory genes. This gene identify specific body segment in an organism which results in the formation of segment-specific body structures in the correct locations on the body.
Use the scale bar to determine the sizes of a mature parent yeast cell and a cell budding from it. You will then calculate the volume and surface area of each cell. You will use your calculations to determine how much cytoplasm and plasma membrane the new cell needs to synthesize to grow to full size.
Answer: A mature parent cell is approximately 4 µm, while a budding cell is 3 µm. Since the shape of a yeast is a sphere, we can use the formula below:
V= (4/3)π.r³, considering that π=3,14 and r is for ratio of the sphere, which is half of it's diameter.
For a parent cell, the volume is: 33 µm³
For a budding cell, the volume is: 14 µm³
Since the volume determines how much cytoplasm a cell has, then a budding cell needs to grow the mature parent cell - its own current volume, so the result would be 19 µm³ of cytoplasm.
To calculate the surface area, we use another formula that is presented below:
A= 4.π.r²
For a parent mature cell, the surface is 50 µm²
For a budding cell, the surface is 28 µm²
Since the surface determines how much plasma membrane a cell has, to know how much the budding cell needs to grow up to a mature state is simply using the surface area of the parent cell - the current surface area of it, resulting in 22 µm².
To find the size differences between a mature yeast cell and a budding cell, we first calculate their sizes using the scale bar. We apply those sizes to the formulas for surface area and volume of a sphere to find the amount of plasma membrane and cytoplasm the budding cell needs to reach full size. Growth limitations are also discussed by considering the surface area-to-volume ratio.
Explanation:The subject of this question concerns the cellular processes of yeast, which are eukaryotic fungi. Specifically, it deals with the size of yeast cells and their budding - a model of asexual reproduction. Yeast cell size can be found based on the scale bar provided. Assuming these are spherical cells, we can use the formula for sphere volume and surface area (4πr² and 4/3πr³ respectively) to calculate these parameters. Here 'r' is the radius of the cell which will be about half of the determined size.
Initially finding the size of the mature parent yeast cell and the budding yeast cell using the scale bar.Then applying the formulas to calculate their volume and surface area.Subtract the calculated measurements of the budding cell from the mature cell to find the increase. This will represent the amount of plasma membrane (surface area) and cytoplasm (volume) the budding cell requires to grow to full size.It's important to note that as a cell increases in size, its surface area-to-volume ratio decreases. This is crucial for understanding cell efficiency and the need for cell division when the cell gets too large.
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Skeletal muscles generate maximum tension when the maximum number of cross-bridges can form in the zone of _______.
Which statement describes the concept of sustainability? a. An example of sustainable use is that the forests we have today will be preserved and not used for human consumption b. Sustainability means that we regenerate degraded ecosystems c. An example of sustainable use is that water extracted from underground resources must be equal to or less than the water that recharges the underground resources Human population must decline for the foreseeable future to maintain d. Earth's natural resource
Answer:
c. An example of sustainable use is that water extracted from underground resources must be equal to or less than the water that recharges the underground resources Human population must decline for the foreseeable future to maintain
Explanation:
Sustainability is the capacity by which an element, system or process, remains active over time. The element resists, endures, remains. Also, there is a compatibility between the activity considered and the preservation of biodiversity and ecosystems, avoiding the degradation of the source and sink functions such as water.
Answer:
Option c: An example of sustainable use is that water extracted from underground resources must be equal to or less than the water that recharges the underground resources
Explanation:
The term "Sustainability" implies a compromise between the use of a resource and its recharge to maintain a balance of its existence as Earth's natural resource. It means we cant deplete this resource, and shortly or long afterwards to pretend its regeneration. The resource must always exist. Its availability should not be compromised.
You are studying two traits in fruit flies:
Eye color where there are two colors, brown and red, and wing shape where there are straight and curled phenotypes.
You mate two flies that are heterozygous for the genes that control both of these traits and get the following phenotypes in the following ratio:
9 red and straight; 3 red and curled; 3 brown and straight; 1 brown and curled.
Considering these traits, which alleles separated at which stages of meiosis?
a. red segregated from brown in meiosis I, and straight segregated from curled in meiosis II
b. red segregated from brown in meiosis II, and straight segregated from curled in meiosis I
c. red segregated from brown in meiosis I, and straight segregated from curled in meiosis I
d. red segregated from brown in meiosis II, and straight segregated from curled in meiosis II
e. red segregated from straight in meiosis I, and brown segregated from curled in meiosis II
Answer:
C
Explanation:
This is a typical dihybrid cross involving two genes; one coding for eye color and the other for seed shape. According to Mendel, for each trait, an organism (fruitfly in this case) receives two forms of a gene called ALLELE, from each parent. These two alleles get separated into gametes in an equal frequency during meiosis.
In this case of heterozygous parents i.e. they have a combination of the variant genes (alleles) that controls both traits, each parent has a brown and red allele for one gene and a straight and curled allele for the other gene. These two alleles for each gene were each received from the male and female parent.
In meiosis I, homologous chromosomes (similar but non-identical chromosomes received from each parent) separate. Hence, each allele of all the genes separates into gametes. Both red and brown allele separates into different gametes, while straight and curled alleles also separate into different gametes. This happens in a way that each gamete must contain one allele of each gene. Both occurs in meiosis I because the alleles for the different traits are borne on homologous chromosomes, which separate in the Anaphase stage of meiosis I.
Two species of frogs belonging to the same genus occasionally mate, but the offspring fail to develop and hatch. What is the mechanism for keeping the two frog species separate?
a) hybrid inviability,
b) hybrid breakdown,
c) hybrid sterility,
d) gametic isolation,
e) adaptation
Answer:
a) hybrid inviability
Explanation:
Two species of frogs belong to the same genus and interbreed sometimes. It means that the prezygotic reproductive barriers are not working here since the frogs of two species are able to interbreed and produce a zygote. However, the resultant offspring are less viable and do not hatch. It represents hybrid inviability wherein the hybrids of two species do not develop properly during embryonic development and die soon. It is a type of postzygotic reproductive barrier.
Uric acid is transported across epithelial cells in the kidneys by an organic acid transporter (OAT) membrane transport protein. The presence of another organic acid, probenecid, causes a decrease in the uric acid transport rate. What characteristic of transporters is demonstrated by the decrease in uric acid transport in the presence of probenecid?
Answer:
Competition
Explanation:
Transportation of some molecules can not be through simple diffusion due to their size or other factors.
Therefore carrier proteins known as transporters are needed to facilitate their transportation.
Transporters exhibit or demonstrate characteristics such as competition,
During competition, presence of a certain molecule decreases the transportation of another molecule.
When Uric acid transportation is decreased due to the presence of probenecid is a good example of competition.
A drug that is created by slightly modifying the molecular structure of another substance is a(n) __________ drug.
Answer:
Synthetic
Explanation:
Synthetic drugs are drugs that are man-made and chemically-created in a lab by modifying the molecular or chemical structure of another substance. The synthetic drug now has properties and effects that are similar to that of the substance that is being mimicked.
Various illicit drugs such as marijuana and cocaine are being synthesized to create synthetic drugs to mimic them. An example of a synthetic drug is synthetic marijuana also called Spice or K2.
Which of the following statements about natural selection is true? a. Natural selection favors individuals that reproduce more than others. b.Natural selection can be used by farmers to generate organisms with desirable traits. c. Natural selection is a process whereby genes are selected randomly for preservation in the next generation. d. Natural selection occurs in opposition to evolution.
Answer:
The correct answer is a. Natural selection favors individuals that reproduce more than others
Explanation:
Nature select those organisms who are better adapted to their environment and reproduce more and eliminate those individuals who have lower reproductive fitness. This process of selection is called natural selection.
So the selected individual will have more chances to reproduce and produce more offsprings and more the offsprings more will be the chances of survival of offsprings and adaptation. Therefore it is true that natural selection favors the individual who have more reproductive fitness.
The accompanying figure best represents what happens at a(n) ____.
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a. neuronal membrane
b. muscle fiber
c. negative feedback loop
d. neuromuscular junction
e. postsynaptic terminal
Answer: Option D: Neuromuscular junction
Explanation:
This is the site of transmission of chemical signal also known as a chemical synapse between a neuron and a muscle fibre. Most of the time the chemical released which is a neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. When released, it stimulates the release of calcuim ions present in the sarcoplasm: an endoplasm like structure in the muscle fiber that contains calcium ions.
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a common laboratory technique used to make many copies of a particular region of DNA. PCR is usually used to create enough of the target DNA. DNA replication in organisms requires a DNA polymerase to create new strands of DNA from existing templates and this is needed in PCR. How does PCR separate the DNA strands to prepare for DNA replication?
Answer:
The PCR machine consist of a thermal cycle that increases and decreases the temperature of the sample. When the temperature is increased, the double-stranded DNA template mixture is denatured or separated into single strands.
A biologist discovers two populations of wolf spiders whose members appear identical. Members of one
population are found in the leaf litter deep within the woods. Members of the other population are found in the
grass at the edge of the woods. The biologist decides to designate the members of the two populations as two
separate species. Which species concept is this biologist most closely utilizing?
A) ecological
B) biological
C) morphological
D) phylogenetic
a
Answer:
Ecological species concept
Explanation:
A species is a group of living organism consisting of individuals that can interbreed.
There are different types of species concepts. For instance, Ecological species concept defines species are a group of individuals that share the same ecological niche.
Therefore, when the biologist did not consider the physical similarities of the wolf spiders rather their ecological niche to group them.
I shows he utilized the ecological species concept.
How is the population of killer whales in the Puget Sound changing? The killer whale population is __________.
Answer:
The correct answer is - declining in animals of all ages .
Explanation:
Puget Sound is experiencing a change in the climate from a very long period of time. The salinity went up, hypoxia is also persisting as a new threat in this area and many other changes like adding chemical compounds affecting the ecosystem of Puget Sound.
Due to this change, there is the killer whale population is declining in animals of all ages due to the chemical compound which leads to the condition in killer whales which are similar to AIDS.
Thus, the correct answer is - declining in animals of all ages.
What source of energy would plants use for anabolic reactions? Would an animal use the same kind of energy?
Answer:
Plants use light energy for anabolic reactions
No, an animal would not use the same kind of energy
Explanation:
Anabolic reaction is a metabolic reaction in which smaller molecules combine to form larger molecules.
An example of an anabolic reaction in plants is photosynthesis
Plants use light energy from sunlight to manufacture glucose and oxygen from carbon(iv)oxide and water.
On the other hand, animals use chemical energy from catabolic reactions for anabolic reactions
Bacteria with appendages 1. do not exist. 2. possess tubular or stalk-like extensions of their cells. 4. have the basic characteristics of eukaryotic cells. 4. have filaments that are commonly called appendages.
Answer:
2) possess tubular or stalk-like extensions of their cells.
Explanation:
Appendages are tubular or stalk like extensions found on bacterial surface and utilized for specific function by bacteria. Some appendages are strongly anchored on surface while other are loosely attached.
Three important appendages in bacteria are;
Flagella; locomotion
Fimbriae; stick bacteria on the surface of host
Pili; Used in conjugation process for reproduction
_____ lobe development during adolescence often lags behind limbic system development, which may help explain impulsiveness, risky behaviors, and emotional storms that often accompany adolescence.
Frontal lobe development during adolescence often lags behind limbic system development, which may help explain impulsiveness, risky behaviors, and emotional storms that often accompany adolescence.
Explanation:
In adolescents, the development of frontal lobe is observed to lag behind the limbic system development. This process is controlled by factors like environmental, heredity, pre and postnatal insult, sleep pattern, nutrition etc.
The frontal lobes are engaged with development control, critical thinking, suddenness, memory, language, commencement, judgment, motivation control, and social and sexual conduct. Adolescents process information with the amygdala which is the emotional part.
In adolescent’s brain, the associations between the emotional part of the brain and the decision-making center are still developing and not always at the similar rate. That is the reason when adolescents have overwhelming emotional input, they can’t explain later what they were thinking.
Maryam eats an apple and starts thinking about how the enzymes in her mouth are breaking the large structure of the apple down into smaller, more simple structures. This is an example of
A. metabolism.
B. anabolism.
C. catabolism.
D. None of the above.
Answer:
Option (C)
Explanation:
Catabolism is usually defined as a metabolic activity where the complex food molecules are disintegrated into simpler molecules. This process results in the release of energy. This disintegration is facilitated by the enzymes that are present inside the mouth of an organism. For example, glycolysis is a process where the glucose molecules are disintegrated with the help of enzymes, and in return, it releases acid (pyruvic acid) and a certain amount of energy.
The above-given condition is an example of this catabolism process.
Thus, the correct answer is option (C).
Pertaining to natural selection, this is a measure of the relative reproductive success of individuals. It can be measured by an individual's genetic contribution to the next generation compared with that of other individuals. A. natural selection B. traits C. selective pressures D. fitness
Answer:
The correct answer is D. fitness
Explanation:
The ability of an organism to survive up to reproductive age and produce its offspring is called biological fitness. The fitness of any individual can be measured by the genetic contribution of that individual into the next generation.
This means that the higher the number of offspring produced by any individual higher would be its biological fitness. By averaging the fitness of population members the fitness of a population can be calculated. So fitness is the correct answer.
How does radiometric dating provide support for the theory of evolution by natural selection?
Answer:
By establishing linking features of fossils in different age brackets through radioactive dating
Explanation:
Radioactive dating estimates the age of fossils and rock. Fossils are remains of living organisms that are primarily found in the sedimentary rocks. Carbon dating is used to determine the age of the fossils that are not older than 50 thousand years.
For fossils older than that uranium dating is used. Based on the age estimation of fossils, fossils belonging to the same age bracket are grouped from the oldest time to the most recent time thereby marking the common characteristics of different fossils at each age brackets. In this way radioactive dating helps the scientist in establishing evolutionary links.
Radiometric dating supports the theory of evolution by natural selection by providing evidence for the timeline of life on Earth, enabling scientists to study the sequence in which different species have appeared or disappeared. Also, it evidences the concept of deep time, essential for the concept of gradual evolutionary change.
Explanation:Radiometric dating is a method used by scientists to date geological materials such as rocks, and it provides support for the theory of evolution by natural selection in several ways.
Firstly, it gives us an understanding into the timeline of life on Earth. By accurately estimating the age of fossils, we can create a timeline for when specific organisms existed, how they evolved over time, and the order in which they appeared or disappeared. This timeline is essential for the theory of evolution.
Also, it aids in the evidence of gradual change (evolution) over long periods of time (deep time). In other words, by showing that the Earth is billions of years old, radiometric dating supports the idea that slow, progressive changes (i.e., 'natural selection') have shaped life as we know it today.
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Which of the following explains the difference between a force caused by gravity and a force caused by friction?
A
Gravity is a force that resists a change in motion and friction is a force of opposing motion.
B
Gravity is a force of attraction and friction is a force that resists a change in motion.
C
Gravity is a force of attraction and friction is a force of opposing motion.
D
Gravity is a force of opposing motion and friction is a force of attraction
Gravity is a force of attraction and friction is a force of opposing motion.
Explanation:
When an object is subjected to a push or a pull then it is called as force. The Newton is the unit of force and when all the forces that are acting on an object is integrated it gives to the Net force. When two objects contacts each other there exits friction. It is the force that is responsible in opposing the motion of the objects as they contact each other.
The force that is attractive and results in pulling of the objects is Gravity. The attraction that exists between two objects is because of the mass. The acceleration that is being induced in an object that is in movement with the gravitational force is called as acceleration due to gravity.
Answer:
abd
Explanation:
because thats just what it is
____ cells are required for almost all parts of the innate and adaptive immune responses to function properly.
Answer:
Cells
Explanation:
Suppose that one of the normal children from Part B and one of the albino children from Part C become the parents of eight offspring. What would be the expected number of normal and albino offspring?
Full question from alternative source:
Albinism in humans is inherited as a simple recessive trait. for the following families, determine the most likely genotypes of the parents
Part A
Two normal parents have five children, four normal and one albino. What are the most likely genotypes of the parents?
Part B
A normal male and an albino female have six children, all normal. What is the most likely genotypes of the parents?
Part C
A normal male and an albino female have six children, three normal and three albino. What are the most likely genotypes of the parents?
Part D
Suppose that one of the normal children from Part B and one of the albino children from Part C become the parents of 8 offspring. What would be the expected number of normal and albino offspring?
Answer:
Part A - both heterozygous for the trait (Aa)
Part B - female aa, male likely AA
Part C - female aa, male Aa
Part D - 4 normal, 4 albino (50:50)
Explanation:
Part A
We are told that albinism is a recessive trait. Lets call it a and the normal allele A. Since neither of the parents have it, that must mean they each possess at least one copy of the dominant allele (either AA or Aa). Most of their children are normal, but 1 is albino. The albino child must have inherited two copies of the a allele, one from each parent. This means each parent must possess an a allele and must both be Aa.
Part B
Since the trait is recessive, we already know that the albino female must have the genotype aa. If her husband in homozygous normal (AA), all their children will be heterozygous (Aa), and therefore normal, which is the case in this cross. Therefore aa and AA are the most likely genotypes. However, it is still possible that the male has the genotype Aa. This would mean they had a 50:50 chance of producing an albino offspring. We know they have six normal children, so this is unlikely.
Part C
Since the trait is recessive, we know the female has the genotype aa. Unlike the last family, this family has some albino children. This means that the husband must be a carrier of the trait, but he is unaffected, so must be Aa.
As described in part B, if he is Aa and she is aa, they will have 50:50 normal:albino children. This is the ratio in this family.
Part D
The normal children from Part B are all heterozygous for the trait (Aa), inheriting one normal allele from their father, and one albino allele from their mother. The albino children from part C are all aa. Therefore, the cross is Aa x aa. We can draw a punnett square:
Aa
A a
a Aa aa
aa a Aa aa
Half the children have the genotype Aa, and half have the genotype aa. That means half will be normal and half will be albino. Therefore, 4 normal, 4 albino.