An explosion is an example of _____.

fusion
instant oxidation
detonation
combustion

Answer:

At 15cm to the left of the pivot

Explanation:

The weight 0.15kg(1.5N) and 3.2N are balanced on a meter stick. This weights are parallel to each other on the stick. Questions on parallel forces acting on a body are solved using the *principle of moment."

Moment is the turning effect of force about a point.

Principle of moment states that the sum of clockwise moment is equal to the sum of anticlockwise moments.

According to the question, the meter (100cm) stick is balanced with a pivot @ 18cm mark {this is the shorter end}

If the 3.2N weight is hung at xcm from the shorter end, this weight will turn about the pivot in the anticlockwise direction.

Since moment = Force × perpendicular distance from the force

Moment of the 3.2N weight = 3.2N × x = 3.2x

The weight of the stick (1.5N) will be positioned at the center of the stick i.e @ the 50cm mark which is at 32cm to the right of the pivot.

The weight of the stick will turn in the clock wise direction

The moment of the weight in the clockwise direction = 1.5×(50-18) = 1.5×32 = 48Ncm

Using the principle of moment, we will equate both moments to have;

3.2x = 48

x = 48/3.2

x = 15cm

This means the 3.2N weight will be positioned at the 15cm mark to the left if the pivot to balance the meter stick.

The two cars have equal speeds at approximately t = 3.85 seconds. The speeds of the cars at that time are approximately 3.15 cm/s and 5.2 cm/s, respectively. The cars pass each other at approximately t = 1.83 seconds.

To determine the time when the two cars have equal speeds, we need to find the time when their velocities are equal. The velocity of the first car is given by the equation v = u + at, where v is the final velocity, u is the initial velocity, a is the acceleration, and t is the time. Setting the velocities of the two cars equal to each other, we have:

-4.2 + 2.6t = 5.2

Solving for t, we find:

t = (5.2 + 4.2) / 2.6

t ≈ 3.85 seconds

So, at approximately t = 3.85 seconds, the two cars have equal speeds.

(b) To find their speeds at that time, we substitute the value of t into the equation for velocity:

V1 = -4.2 + 2.6(3.85)

V1 ≈ 3.15 cm/s

V2 = 5.2

So, at t = 3.85 seconds, the speeds of the cars are approximately 3.15 cm/s and 5.2 cm/s, respectively.

(c) To find the time(s) when the cars pass each other, we can compare their positions. The position of the first car is given by the equation:

x1 = x1o + u1t + (1/2)at^2

x1 = 13.5 - 4.2t + (1/2)(2.6)t^2

The position of the second car is given by:

x2 = 8.5 + 5.2t

Setting these two equations equal to each other and solving for t, we have:

13.5 - 4.2t + (1/2)(2.6)t^2 = 8.5 + 5.2t

Simplifying, we get:

(1.3)t^2 + 9.4t - 5 = 0

Using the quadratic formula, we find two possible values of t:

t ≈ -2.43 seconds, t ≈ 1.83 seconds

Since time cannot be negative, we discard t = -2.43 seconds. Therefore, the cars pass each other at approximately t = 1.83 seconds.

The correct statements are:

B. a small rock sitting on top of a big rock

As the rock is at a height with respect to ground it has potential Energy

and

C. a stretched rubber band

A stretched rubber band has elastic potential energy

The others are actually moving and hence would consist of Kinetic energy. Potential energy is stored in objects that do not move and are stationary.

Answer:

[tex]W = 365.7 J[/tex]

Explanation:

As we know that work done is defined as the product of force and its displacement in the direction of the force

So here we know that

applied force by Julie is same as that of weight of her suitcase

So we will have

[tex]F = mg[/tex]

[tex]F = (8\times 9.81)[/tex]

[tex]F = 78.48 N[/tex]

now we know that the total height to which the suitcase is raised is given as

[tex]H = L sin\theta[/tex]

[tex]H = 18 sin15[/tex]

[tex]H = 4.66 m[/tex]

now the work done is given as

[tex]W = F.d[/tex]

[tex]W = 78.48(4.66)[/tex]

[tex]W = 365.7 J[/tex]

All waves, regardless of their type, carry energy from one place to another without transporting matter. They do not all carry light, matter, or particles.

All waves, regardless of whether they are light waves, sound waves, electromagnetic waves, or even water waves, carry energy. Therefore, the answer to your question is a) energy.

Waves transfer energy from one place to another without transporting matter. They do this through oscillations and disturbances in a medium. For example, when you throw a stone into a pond, the waves created by the stone do not transport the water from one side of the pond to another. Instead, they transport the energy created by the stone's impact.

Not all waves carry light, matter, or particles. Light is specifically carried by electromagnetic waves, while particles and matter are not typically associated with waves in the conventional sense.

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The decomposition of CaCO3 in a container with a piston results in the formation of CO2 gas, which increases the volume and hence work done is -2265 Joules. If the reaction was in an open container, the work done would be zero as there is no opposing force and volume change in the container.

The decomposition of Calcium carbonate i.e. CaCO3, leads to the formation of calcium oxide and carbon dioxide, as shown by the equation CaCO3(s) → CaO(s)+CO2(g). The process is a type of expansion work, which can be calculated using the formula W=PΔV, where W = work, P = pressure and ΔV = change in volume. Carbon dioxide being gas increases the volume. For 1 mole of CO2 at STP, the volume is approximately 22.4 liters or 22.4*10^-3 m^3. As we know Pressure = 1 atm = 1.01325*10^5 Pascals, work done = - PΔV = -1.01325*10^5 Pascals * 22.4*10^-3 m^3 = -2265 Joules.

Now if instead of a piston, the container was open to the atmosphere, the work done would be different as the work will depend on the volume change. In an open container, the system does work but due to no restriction or expansion against any opposing force, the work done is zero since the pressure outside and inside the container is same (atmospheric pressure) and there is no volume change in the container.

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The work done during the complete decomposition of 1.0 mol of CaCO3 at 800°C and 1.0 atm is -88.07 L·atm or -8920.3 J. This work would be the same if the container were open to the atmosphere.

To find the work done during the complete decomposition of 1.0 mol of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), we follow these steps:

Using the ideal gas law (PV = nRT) at 800°C (which is 1073 K):

Since work done is calculated by w = -PΔV:

Conclusion: The work done during the complete decomposition of 1.0 mol of CaCO3 at 800°C and 1.0 atm is -88.07 L·atm or -8920.3 J. This work would be the same if the container were open to the atmosphere because the external pressure remains 1.0 atm.

By definition we have to:

A system or frame of reference are those conventions used by an observer (usually standing at a point on the ground) to be able to measure the position and other physical magnitudes such as speed and acceleration of one or several objects.

The numerical value of some magnitudes can also be relative to the reference system when we refer to the relative movement. There are always mathematical relationships between the observer and the relative magnitudes.

Answer:

C. a position from which something is observed

Pressure is the force per unit area. It is calculated by dividing the force applied on an object by the area over which the force is distributed.

Pressure is defined as force per unit area.

Pressure is calculated by dividing the force applied on an object by the area over which the force is distributed.

For example, if you push down on a table with a force of 50 Newtons over an area of 2 square meters, the pressure on the table is 25 Newtons per square meter.

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Answer:

C. Mercury → Mars → Neptune → Uranus      

Explanation:

There are 8 planets in the solar system. The smallest planet is mercury and the largest planet is Jupiter. There are 4 rocky planets and 4 gaseous planets.

The arrangement of planets in increasing of their diameter is:

Mercury

Mars

Venus

Earth

Neptune

Uranus

Saturn

Jupiter

Thus, from the given options, the correct sequence is:

C. Mercury → Mars → Neptune → Uranus  

By definition, the law of conservation of energy states that:

Ei = Ef

Where,

Ei: initial energy

Ef: final energy

Therefore, no matter the type of energy, always the final energy is equal to the final energy.

Energy can be transformed into another type of energy. For example, the potential energy can be transformed into kinetic energy.

Also, energy is not created, nor destroyed.

Answer:

The following is not true about the Law of Conservation of Energy:

A. It states that the total energy in the universe keeps increasing.

Explanation:

Given that,

Force of gravity acting on the person, F = mg = 850 N

The roof is on the 20 degrees slope with the surface. We need to find the magnitude of normal force of the roof on the worker. It can be calculated as :

[tex]F_N=mg\ cos\theta[/tex]

[tex]F_N=850\times \ cos20[/tex]

[tex]F_N=798.73\ N[/tex]

So, the normal force of the roof on the worker is 798.73 N. Hence, this is the required solution.

The magnitude of the normal force of the roof worker is 798.66 N

The parameters given in the question are

Weight= 850 N

angle=  20°

The formula for calculating the magnitude of the normal force of the roof worker is

= mg cos 20°

= 850 × 0.9396

= 798.66

Hence the magnitude of the normal force of the roof worker is 798.66 N

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Answer: Atmosphere can be broadly divided into four distinct layers based on their altitude and temperature.

These layers are- Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, and Thermosphere.

1) Troposphere ( extends upto 18 km from earth surface)- a layer that is closest to the surface of earth. It is called zone of weather as all the weather phenomenon ( such as storm, wind, precipitation, formation of clouds) occur in this layer. Temperature decreases with altitude in this layer.

2) Stratosphere (extends from 18 km to 50 km) - a layer above troposphere, where temperature increases with increase in altitude.

A boundary between stratosphere and mesosphere where temperature remains constant as elevation increases  is called Stratopause.

3) Mesosphere (extends 50 km upto 85 km) - a layer above stratosphere, where temperature decreases with increase in altitude.

A boundary between mesosphere and thermosphere, where temperature remains constant as elevation increases  is called Mesopause.

4) Thermosphere (extends from 85 km upto 600 km)-  a layer above mesosphere, where temperature again increases with increase in altitude. It is an extremely hot layer because of absorption of X rays and UV rays.

Thus, correct match for the question is-  

Troposphere -A) Layer closest to the Earth where all weather occurs.

Mesosphere- E) begins between 50-60km and decreases in temperature as elevation increases.

Mesopause- C) temperature remains constant as elevation increases.

Stratosphere -B) temperature increases as elevation increases.

Stratopause -D) temperature remains at a constant zero degrees Celsius as elevation increases.

Final answer:

The layers of the atmosphere can be matched with their descriptions based on the temperature profile as follows: Troposphere - layer closest to the Earth where all weather occurs. Mesosphere - begins between 50-60 km and decreases in temperature as elevation increases. Stratosphere - temperature increases with an increase in elevation. Stratopause - temperature remains constant as elevation increases. Mesopause - temperature remains at a constant zero degrees Celsius as elevation increases.

Explanation:

The layers of the atmosphere can be matched with their descriptions based on the temperature profile as follows:

Refraction is the bending of light rays as they pass through different mediums due to a change in speed, explained by the refractive index and described by Snell's law. It's observable in everyday phenomena and is crucial for the functionality of optical instruments like telescopes.

Refraction refers to the change in direction of a light ray as it passes through variations in matter, such as moving from air into water or glass. This bending occurs due to a change in the light's speed between different mediums. Each material has a refractive index, which dictates how much the light will bend. This index is the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to that in the material. For example, when looking into a pond, a stick that is partially submerged in water appears bent at the water's surface; this visual effect is due to refraction.

The extent of refraction follows Snell's law, which relates the angle of incidence to the angle of refraction, keeping in mind the refractive indices of the two media. This law is the foundational principle behind the design of lenses, prisms, and various optical instruments like refracting telescopes.

In astronomy, refraction is observed when light from celestial bodies enters Earth's atmosphere at various angles. Due to the atmosphere's density variations, stars appear slightly higher in the sky than they truly are, as the light they emit is refracted. The amount of this refraction can be calculated, and is negligible near the zenith but increases towards the horizon.

Final answer:

The mass attached to the elastic band travels approximately 12.04 centimeters from its equilibrium position, as calculated by the amplitude of the given motion equation.

Explanation:

To determine how far from its equilibrium position the mass travels, we must find the amplitude of the motion described by the given equation: s = 8 cos t + 9 sin t. The amplitude can be found by recognizing that the equation represents the sum of two simple harmonic motions, and we use the Pythagorean theorem to find the resultant amplitude.

The general formula for the amplitude, A, when given a cos t + b sin t is A = sqrt(a^2 + b^2). Substituting the given coefficients 8 and 9 into this formula gives us the amplitude A = sqrt(8^2 + 9^2) = sqrt(64 + 81) = sqrt(145), which is approximately A ≈ 12.04 cm.

Thus, the mass travels approximately 12.04 centimeters from its equilibrium position.

Answer:

a. 2.545 *10^8 J

b. 2.545 *10^8 J

c. 2.545 *10^8 J

d. 141.688 m/s

Explanation:

Data:

mass, m =  2.5*10^4 kg

Force, F = 5.00*10^5 N

distance, d = 509 m

a. Work, W = F*d = 5.00*10^5 N * 509 m = 2.545 *10^8 J

b. Change in kinetic energy, ΔKE = W = 2.545 *10^8 J

c. Change in kinetic energy = final kinetic energy - initial kinetic energy

If the train started from rest, initial kinetic energy = 0

Then, final kinetic energy, KEf = ΔKE = 2.545 *10^8 J

d. From the definition of kinetic energy we can get the final speed (vf) as follows:

KEf = (1/2)*m*vf^2

vf = √(KEf*2/m)

vf = √(2.545 *10^8*2/2.5*10^4 )

vf = 141.688 m/s

Final answer:

Snell's Law is the physical principle that defines the relationship between the angles of incidence and refraction when light transitions between two different media, mathematically expressed as n1 sin θ1 = n2 sin θ2.

Explanation:

Snell's Law, also known as the law of refraction, describes the relationship between the angles of incidence and refraction when a light ray passes through the interface between two different media. This fundamental physical principle is expressed mathematically as n1 sin θ1 = n2 sin θ2, where 'n1' and 'n2' are the indices of refraction of the first and second media, respectively, and 'θ1' and 'θ2' are the angles of incidence and refraction. Snell's Law is crucial for understanding phenomena such as the bending of light, and it has applications in fields like optics and engineering.

To find the force that the boy is exerting on the stuffed animal, subtract the net force from the girl's force. The boy is exerting a force of 3N.

To find the force that the boy is exerting, we first need to determine the net force acting on the stuffed animal. The net force is equal to the mass of the stuffed animal multiplied by its acceleration. In this case, the mass is 0.2 kg and the acceleration is 2.5 m/s^2. So the net force is 0.2 kg * 2.5 m/s^2 = 0.5 N.

Since the girl exerts a force of 3.5 N, and the net force is 0.5 N, the boy's force must be equal to the difference between these two forces. Therefore, the boy is exerting a force of 3.5 N - 0.5 N = 3 N.

Using basic kinematics and trigonometry in projectile motion, we find the horizontal and vertical velocity components, time to reach the highest point, and the maximum height. We then determine the range of the projectile and the acceleration and velocity components at the highest point.

Let's solve the question step by step:

(a) Horizontal and Vertical Components of Velocity

To find the components of the shell's initial velocity, we can use trigonometry:

• Horizontal component (vx): vx = v * cos(θ) = 70.0 m/s * cos(60.0°)

• Vertical component (vy): vy = v * sin(θ) = 70.0 m/s * sin(60.0°)

(b) Time to Reach the Highest Point

The time to reach the highest point can be determined using the formula: t = vy / g, where g is the acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m/s2).

(c) Maximum Height

The maximum height is given by H = (vy2) / (2g).

(d) Horizontal Range

The horizontal range can be calculated once we have the total time of flight and the horizontal velocity: range = vx * total time of flight.

(e) Components of Acceleration and Velocity at the Highest Point

At the highest point:

• Horizontal velocity component remains unchanged: same as initial vx.

• Vertical velocity component is 0 m/s because the projectile stops rising and is about to start falling.

• Horizontal acceleration is 0 m/s2 because no forces are acting in the horizontal direction.

• Vertical acceleration remains -9.8 m/s2 (negative because it is directed downwards).

Answer:

The correct answer is option D

Explanation:

Wave Energy is given by

[tex]= \frac{1}{2} M(w^2 *A^2*\frac{1}{2})\\[/tex]

Wave energy is directly proportional to the square of the amplitude.

thus,

[tex]\frac{E1}{E2} = \frac{A1^2}{A2^2} \\\frac{3}{E2} = \frac{2^2}{4^2} \\E2 = 12 units\\[/tex]