a
Answer:
structure of ATP
The ATP molecule is composed of three components.
The center holds a sugar molecule known as ribose which is the same sugar that forms the basis of RNA.
One side of the sugar has an attachment of a string of phosphate groups which are key to the activity of ATP.
The other side has a base attached to it. This is a group consisting of linked rings of carbon and nitrogen atoms.
The base is adenine.
b
Answer:
During chemiosmosis, a concentration gradient of hydrogen ions is generated between the matrix of the mitochondria and the inter-membrane space.
This gradient is generated because hydrogen ions move from the matrix to the inter membrane space using the energy released by the electrons as they travel through the electron transport chain.
Hydrogen ions diffuse from the inter-membrane space of the mitochondrion to the matrix, through the ATP synthase in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
This diffusion happens due to the above mentioned concentration gradient of hydrogen ions formed between the matrix of the mitochondria and the inter-membrane space.
Kinetic energy released during the movement of hydrogen ions by diffusion is used to phosphorylate ADP, to produce ATP.
c
Answer:
Active Transport
There are four different types of proteins found in cell membranes that can transport molecules across the membrane known as P-class pumps.
In order for active transport to occur, you need ATP.
Such specific pumps include:
sodium-potassium pumpscalcium pumps.Molecular ions will bind to the main site on the protein, and then an ATP will bind to a secondary site in order for movement into and out of the cell. If there is no ATP, then the molecular ions can not go where they are needed.
Anabolic Reactions
Anabolic reactions refer to reactions in which molecules, such as fats, lipids carbohydrates and proteins, are made.
In order to build new molecules, energy is needed to form molecular bonds.
When one of the phosphates on the triphosphate of the molecule gets cleaved off, energy that was needed to form the phosphate bond is released
Therefore, ATP turns into ADP or adenosine diphosphate.
A _______ represents a single pathway through which energy and matter flow
The food chain would be the correct answer
An ecologist studied the same species of deer during the summer and the winter. She noticed that during the summer, when there was plenty of food, the deer were energetic and playful. However, during winter when food was scarce, the deer moved more slowly and did not run unless they needed to escape a predator.
Answer:
The plants would not grow so they have no food
Explanation:
Its cold
Answer: To study island, it would be: food is the fuel that gives animals energy.
Describe two applications of transgenic organisms
A genetically modified organism (GMO) is any organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques. The exact definition of a genetically modified organism and what constitutes genetic engineering varies, with the most common being an organism altered in a way that "does not occur naturally by mating and/or natural recombination". A wide variety of organisms have been genetically modified (GM), from animals to plants and microorganisms. Genes have been transferred within the same species, across species (creating transgenic organisms) and even across kingdoms. New genes can be introduced, or endogenous genes can be enhanced, altered or knocked out.
Control of thirst response due to increased plasma osmolarity by a negative feedback loop rank from the first to the last steps to describe the correct order of events to maintain homeostasis.
Thirst response is controlled by the master of all endocrine gland i.e. the hypothalamus. The increase in the osmolarity of the cells causes the hypothalamus to trigger the thirst response. This is subsidized by fluid intake which helps in operating the feedback loop.
Further Explanation:
Feedback mechanism is the process by which the body tries to maintain a homeostasis. They are of two types,
a. Positive Feedback Loop
b. Negative Feedback Loop
Positive feedback loop is the self-regulating process in which the increase in input decreases the output. A sufficient decrease in the output leads to decrease in input.
Negative feedback loop is a self-regulating cycle in which the increase in input increases the output. The increase in output regulates the level of input.
Hypothalamus is the master endocrine gland that plays a vital role in maintaining homeostasis that is a stable condition inside the body.
The control of thirst response is carried out in the following manner,
i. The increase in osmoregularity of the cells.
ii. This increase is detected by the control center in the brain i.e. hypothalamus.
iii. Hypothalamus triggers the thirst response.
iv. The triggering helps in increasing the fluid intake.
v. The fluid intake is detected and the osmoregularity comes back to normal.
vi. The hypothalamus detects the change in osmoregularity.
vii. The change detected leads to decrease in thirst response.
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Answer Details:
Grade: College biology
Subject: Biology
Chapter: Homeostasis
Keywords:
Homeostasis, hypothalamus, fluid, Fluid intake, Brain, master endocrine gland, feedback mechanism, negative feedback loop, feedback loop, endocrine gland.
Final answer:
The control of thirst response due to increased plasma osmolarity is maintained by a negative feedback loop involving osmoreceptors signaling the hypothalamus to induce thirst and release ADH, leading to increased water reabsorption by the kidneys until homeostasis is restored. The correct order of events is: detection of increased plasma osmolarity, activation of osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus, thirst response and drinking water, release of antidiuretic hormone to recover water from urine, and decrease in watery output from salivary glands.
Explanation:
The body detects an increase in plasma osmolarity due to dehydration.The osmoreceptors in the thirst center of the hypothalamus monitor the concentration of solutes in the blood.If the blood osmolality increases above its ideal value, the hypothalamus signals thirst and the person responds by drinking water.The hypothalamus also releases antidiuretic hormone (ADH) through the posterior pituitary gland, which signals the kidneys to recover water from urine, diluting the blood plasma.To conserve water, the hypothalamus sends signals to the salivary glands, resulting in a decrease in watery output and an increase in stickier mucus output, causing a dry mouth and the sensation of thirst.This process efficiently regulates water intake and urine production to ensure that the body's plasma osmolarity remains within the optimal range.
Steroid hormones ________. begin their action outside the membrane usually diffuse through the plasma membrane into target cells bind to receptors in the plasma membrane are water soluble
Answer hormone signaling
seroid hormones hormon signaling it doesent make sense but its the correct answer pls mark me brainliest i need 1 more
HOPE THIS HELPS
Explanation:
Steroid hormones usually diffuse through the plasma membrane into target cells. Thus, the correct option for this question is B.
What are Steroid hormones?Steroid hormones may be defined as a type of hormones that are synthesized in the adrenal cortex, the gonads, and the placenta. They are all derived from cholesterol and many are of clinical importance. Steroid hormones are synthesized in the mitochondria and smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
According to the context of this question, lipid-derived (soluble) hormones such as steroid hormones diffuse across the membranes of the endocrine cell. Once outside the cell, they bind to transport proteins that keep them soluble in the bloodstream.
Therefore, steroid hormones usually diffuse through the plasma membrane into target cells. Thus, the correct option for this question is B.
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Consider the characteristics of marine and freshwater ecosystems. It is an exceptionally cold winter and water all over the Earth is freezing. We would expect the extreme drop in temperatures to have the least effect on the ocean ecosystems because of what factors? All BUT ONE could apply.
A) salt concentration
B) sunlight at the equator
C) volume of the body of water
D) the fact that it is moving water
D) the fact that it is moving water.
Answer:
D) the fact that it is moving water
Explanation:
Water molecules form crystals while they freeze. Na + and Cl- ions of the salt are in the path of the water molecules, making it difficult to rearrange them in crystals. This means that the salt water of the ocean remains in the liquid state for longer when the temperature decreases.
For salt water to freeze, the temperature needs to be well below the melting temperature of pure water which is zero degrees Celsius (0 ° C). In addition, the volume of water in the ocean decreases chances of freezing and sunlight at the equator decreases the freezing point and increases the boiling point.
However, the movement of ocean waters does not interfere with the freezing of these waters.
What type of blood capillary located in this sublayer is uniquely suited for absorption of nutrient material?
Answer:
Fenestrated capillaries
Explanation:
Fenestrated capillaries are found in some tissues where there is extensive molecular exchange with the blood such as the small intestine, endocrine glands and the kidney.
What part of a neuron relays signals from one neuron to another neuron or to an effector?
Answer:
Synaptic terminal
Explanation:
Neuron or nerve cell is excitable cell of the nervous system which consists of cell body or soma (karyon), dendrites and an axon. Dendrites are short, numerous filaments responsible for the signal receiving. On the other hand, axon is long "filament" and it originates from the cell body from the swelling called axon hillock. At the end of an axon there are axon terminals (Synaptic terminals) from which neuron can transmit a signal another cell. Synaptic terminal is axonic end of presynaptic neuron.
Axons and their terminals, or synaptic terminals, are the parts of a neuron that relay signals to another neuron or an effector. They accomplish this through the release of neurotransmitters into a synaptic gap which can then bind to the next cell, transmitting the signal.
Explanation:The part of a neuron that relays signals to another neuron or to an effector is the axon and its terminal, also known as the synaptic terminal. The signals are sent across a gap called a synapse, which lies between the axon terminal of one neuron and the dendrites of another neuron. The axon terminal releases neurotransmitter molecules into this gap, these molecules then bind to receptors in the next neuron or effector cell's membrane, potentially initiating a response in that cell.
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Which of the following describes fat utilization during physical activity?
a. fat that is stored closest to the exercising muscle is oxidized first resulting in 'spot reduction'b. fat represents the major fuel source during sustained, moderate activityc. fat oxidation makes more of a contribution as the intensity of the exercise increasesd. fat is burned in higher quantities during short, high intensity exercises than prolonged, low intensity exercises
Answer:
D
Explanation:
Answer:
The answer is b)fat represents the major fuel source during sustained, moderate activity
Explanation:
During physical exercise, the majority use of fat will mainly be due to the intensity and duration of said exercise. According to the exercise, the intensity of the fat decreases and the fat contribution increases. For example, during low intensity and very long duration exercises, an increase in the use of fat begins as the only source of energy.
"which drug name is correctly paired with its general category of drugs?"
a. morphine—hallucinogen
b. morphine—stimulant
c. valium—benzodiazepine
d. valium—barbiturate
C. Valium is a benzodiazepine
Answer:
The correct answer is option c. valium—benzodiazepine.
Explanation:
Valium is categorized into benzodiazepines, and contains diazepam as the active substance.
The effects of this drug are tranquilizers, sedatives, muscle relaxants and anticonvulsants, and is consumed by those patients who present with symptoms of anxiety, insomnia or some type of psychoneurotic disorder.
In the category of benzodiazepines are all those drugs that act directly on the central nervous system.
It is also a drug widely used to treat those people who suffer from anxiety for having consumed an excess of hallucinogens.
The cleft chin trait follows a dominant-recessive inheritance pattern with cleft chin being the dominant trait. john is heterozygous for a cleft chin as is his wife betty. john and betty have three kids all of which have a cleft chins. according to punnett square prediction what is the likelihood that their next child will have a cleft chin
Answer:
A
B
Explanation:
:))
At what point in the female cycle would the indicated structure be prominent?
Answer:
During formation of the luteum.
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Methane hydrates are kept in sediments deep in the ocean by the cold temperature and high pressure. Some scientists are concerned that there could be a release of immense amounts of natural gas contained in methane hydrates. Why are climate scientists concerned about this?
Methane is a greenhouse gas, so its release would likely increase global warming.
Methane is toxic to marine organisms and would damage the ecosystem if released by killing species.
This would lead to massive pollution of drinking water.
We want to extract and use this gas as a fuel source, but it would be lost to the environment through this process.
Greenhouse, it’s release would most definitely increase global warming chances by a major amount.
Methane is a potent greenhouse gas, so its release would likely increase global warming.Therefore, option (A) is correct.
What are greenhouse gases?Greenhouse gases are gases that trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere and contribute to the greenhouse effect, which is the warming of the Earth's surface temperature. Methane is a powerful greenhouse gas, with a warming potential 28 times greater than carbon dioxide over a 100-year time frame.
It is produced through natural processes such as decomposition of organic matter, but it is also emitted as a result of human activities such as livestock farming, natural gas production and transport, and waste management. Methane emissions contribute significantly to climate change, and reducing methane emissions is an important strategy for mitigating the impacts of climate change.
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How does the number of chromosomes in a daughter cell compare to the number of chromosomes in a parent cell?
Question options:
The daughter cell has one-half the number of chromosomes.
The daughter cell has twice the number of chromosomes.
The daughter cell has one-fourth the number of chromosomes.
The daughter cell has the exact same number of chromosomes.
the answer is the first option
' the daughter cell has one half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell'
Ants carry dead ants out of an anthill and dump them on a trash pile. To study this behavior, a scientist paints a live ant with a chemical from dead ants. The scientist observes that the other ants repeatedly carry the live ant, which is kicking and struggling, to the trash pile, until the chemical wears off. What do these observations suggest?A. The chemical is a stimulus that triggers an innate behavior.B. The process of carrying a live ant to the trash pile is an example of problem solving.C. The ants have become imprinted on the chemical.D. The ants have learned through the experiment to associate the chemical with dead ants.
I think the answer is B but if not it’s A
Why are carbon dioxide concentrations expected to increase? A. Carbon dioxide concentrations are expected to increase, because fossil fuel burning is expected to increase. B. Carbon dioxide concentrations are expected to increase, because of an increase in agriculture. C. Carbon dioxide concentrations are expected to increase, because more land will have to be cleared for increasing populations and agricultural use. D. All of the above Please select the best answer from the choices provided A B C D
The correct option is D. All of the above statements are carbon dioxide concentrations expected to increase.
A. Carbon dioxide concentrations are expected to increase because fossil fuel burning is expected to increase.
Burning fossil fuels (like coal, oil, and natural gas) for energy and transportation releases significant amounts of CO₂ into the atmosphere. This is a major contributor to increased CO₂ concentrations.B. Carbon dioxide concentrations are expected to increase because of an increase in agriculture.
Agriculture can contribute to CO₂ emissions through activities such as soil cultivation, which releases CO₂ from the soil, and through the respiration of plants and animals. However, this is generally a smaller contributor compared to fossil fuels.C. Carbon dioxide concentrations are expected to increase because more land will have to be cleared for increasing populations and agricultural use.
Clearing land (deforestation) for agriculture or urban development reduces the number of trees that absorb CO₂ and releases stored carbon from vegetation and soil into the atmosphere. This is a significant factor in CO₂ increases.All three factors (A, B, and C) contribute to increased CO₂ concentrations, making option D the most comprehensive and accurate choice.
The complete question is- Why are carbon dioxide concentrations expected to increase?
A. Carbon dioxide concentrations are expected to increase, because fossil fuel burning is expected to increase.
B. Carbon dioxide concentrations are expected to increase, because of an increase in agriculture.
C. Carbon dioxide concentrations are expected to increase, because more land will have to be cleared for increasing populations and agricultural use.
D. All of the above
During winter, the pigment-producing genes of the arctic fox and other arctic animals do not function and the result is a white coat. This is an example of ___________ change due to environmental influence.
Answer:
chamouflage
Explanation:
Answer: phenotypic
Explanation: phenotypic changes result from environmental variation in many animal or plant species
Why is lily walking in the woods, counting how long it takes her to see a bird land in a tree?
Lily, or Sylvia in the text, is in the woods engaging in a deeper experience, possibly a personal quest or fulfilling a task, where birds and their nests play a significant narrative role.
It appears that Lily (or Sylvia, as per your reference) is not simply walking in the woods to see how long it takes to spot a bird landing in a tree, but rather she's engaged in a more complex, meaningful experience. This activity might be connected to a rite of passage, self-discovery, or a connection with nature. The references you provided suggest a narrative where the protagonist undertakes a quest or challenge, possibly to satisfy personal curiosity or to fulfill a task set by or for a stranger.
Within these moments, birds and their nests become significant elements of the storyline, revealing secrets or contributing to the character's understanding of the environment and potentially her own place within it.
How does polygenic inheritance differ from mendelian inheritance
Answer:
Mainly, the number of genes that control traits.
Explanation:
Polygenic inheritance does not follow Mendel's law of dominance. According to Mendel the dominant trait will mask the recessive trait however, this is not always the case. Polygenic inheritance states that traits are controlled by two or more genes and is also dependent on the environment.
Let's take skin color for example. A fair-skinned person will have a child with a dark-skinned person.
Mendelian inheritance would assume that the offspring would either be fair or dark only.
Polygenic inheritance would assume that the offspring would be either fair, dark, or a tone in between, depending on the environment they are in as well.
Hope you understood it.
What would happen if the capsular hydrostatic pressure were increased above normal?A) Net filtration would increase above normal.B) Net filtration would decrease.C) Filtration would increase in proportion to the increase in capsular pressure.D) Capsular osmotic pressure would compensate so that filtration would not change.
Answer:
A
Explanation:
If you could "get inside the head" of a person experiencing auditory hallucinations, you would most likely find that:
Answer:
The person actually produces nerve signals of sound in his brain
Which of the following pairs are the best examples of homologous structures?(a) bat wing and human hand(b) owl wing and hornet wing(c) porcupine quill and cactus spine(d) bat forelimb and bird wing(e) Australian mole and North American mole
Answer:
(a) bat wing and human hand
Explanation:
The homologous structures are structures at living organisms that are the same, very similar, or have the same function, despite the organisms having different appearance. This can mostly be seen in the bones of the animals, and this type of structures more often then not suggest a distant common ancestor between the species. Usually the homologous structures appear among animals from the same class, so it can be expected that animals from the mammalia class can have these structures, or animals from the reptilia etc. In this case we have the bat wing and the human hand. Both have similar bone structure, and the function of the bones in the bat wing and the human hand is also similar. Both of them are in the class of mammalia, and they do share a very distant common ancestor in the small shrew-like mammals during the reign of the dinosaurs.
Which of the following models presents a species relationship as it would typically be drawn within a food web? Vertical model. From top to bottom: an oval with the label rabbit, a down arrow, an oval with the label fox. Vertical model. From top to bottom: an oval with the label fox, a down arrow, an oval with the label rabbit. Vertical model. From bottom to top: an oval with the label rabbit, an up arrow, an oval with the label fox. Vertical model. From bottom to top: an oval with the label fox, an up arrow, an oval with the label rabbit.
Final answer:
The correct food web model shows a predator like a fox above its prey, a rabbit because arrows in a food web indicate the direction of energy flow from the eaten to the eater.
Explanation:
The model that presents a species relationship as it would typically be drawn within a food web is the Vertical model. From top to bottom, you would have a predator such as a fox, shown with a down arrow to a prey species such as a rabbit. This is because, in a food web, arrows represent the flow of energy from the organism being eaten to the organism that does the eating. Therefore, the correct sequence within a food web is the second option: Vertical model. From top to bottom: an oval with the label fox, a down arrow, an oval with the label rabbit.
in the nineteenth century, what was the primary concern of marine scientists ?
a. documenting species
b. sustainable agriculture
c. noting the role of currents
d. taking over unoccupied territory to study it
Answer:
a. Documenting species
Explanation:
first half of the century, time in which primarly scientists the discovery of the depth and size of the ocean.
Water can leave the air as a result of which processes? A. infiltration or transpiration B. precipitation or evaporation C. evaporation or transpiration D. condensation or precipitation
Answer:
D
Explanation:
The water in the air is in its gas form. The act of evaporation is water in its liquid form turning into gas. Condensation and precipitation both are acts of water in its gas form turning back into its liquid form.
Answer:
The correct answer is: D) condensation or precipitation.
Explanation:
Condensation refers to the change in the state of water, from the gas phase into the liquid phase - making it the opposite of evaporation.
Precipitation is basically any product of the condensation of atmospheric water that falls under gravity. For precipitation to happen, the atmosphere must become saturated with water vapor.
Water in the air is normally in the gaseous phase and, in order to descend, it needs to go to the liquid state (rain).
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Which two factors would a biologist need to know to identify an ecosystem?
A the biotic and abiotic factors
B the plants and animals in the area
C the weather and climate in the area
D the population and individuals that live then
Which organism holds the largest amount of energy in a most ecosystem?
A the biotic and abiotic factors
B the plants and animals in the area
C the weather and climate in the area
D the population and individuals
Answer:B D
Explanation:
i just had a test and got both right
Someone who fosters an individual's development by believing in the person, sharing the person's dreams, and helping the person achieve those dreams; a role model that helps the individual get started in adult life.
Answer:A
Explanation:
Which of the following options best depicts the flow of information when a gene directs the synthesis of a cellular component? A) RNA → DNA → RNA → protein B) DNA → RNA → protein C) protein → RNA → DNA D) DNA → amino acid → RNA → protein E) DNA → tRNA → mRNA → protein
When a gene directs the synthesis of a cellular component, the information flow typically follows the path DNA → RNA → protein, as per the Central Dogma of molecular biology. In this process, DNA is first transcribed into mRNA, which is then translated into a specific protein.
Explanation:The flow of genetic information in a cell, often referred to as the Central Dogma, typically follows the path DNA → RNA → protein. This path is crucial in the synthesis of a cellular component led by a gene. Here's how it works: First, during the process of transcription, a section of DNA, which constitutes a gene, is transcribed into RNA, specifically messenger RNA (mRNA). Then, this mRNA is translated into a specific protein in a process called translation.
So, the answer to the question 'Which of the following options best depicts the flow of information when a gene directs the synthesis of a cellular component?' is B) DNA → RNA → protein.
Each mRNA codon, or group of three nucleotides, corresponds to a specific amino acid, which building block of proteins. Importantly, this process of information flow from DNA to RNA to protein is universal among organisms.
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How does nuclear fusion differ fundamentally from nuclear fission? Nuclear fusion combines atomic nuclei. Nuclear fusion doesn’t produce energy. Nuclear fusion is a cold process. Nuclear fusion splits atomic nuclei.
A) Nuclear fusion combines atomic nuclei.
Answer:
Nuclear fusion combines atomic nuclei.
Explanation:
The main difference between nuclear fusion and fission is that nuclear fusion involves fusion of 2 smaller nuclei into a bigger nuclei. Nuclear fission on the other hand involves fission/splitting of a large radioactive nucleus into smaller nuclei which are comparatively stable.
Option 2nd is incorrect because nuclear fusion produces huge amount of energy more than even nuclear fission. Option 3rd is also incorrect because nuclear fusion is a real process not a cold process which is considered as hypothetical. Option 4th is also incorrect because nuclear fusion is a process in which 2 hydrogen nuclei fuse to form a helium nucleus which is bigger in size. That means fusion does not involve splitting of atomic nuclei.
Cells that are specialized
A)are less complex.
B)perform different functions for the organism.
C)reproduce.
D)are stem cells.
Answer:
perform different functions for the organism