Answer:
Sexual harassment
Explanation:
In psychology, the term sexual harassment refers to a type of unwelcome sexual behavior that is either humiliating, offensive or intimidating. It includes making comments regarding appearance in a work environment, usually by people who have more power than the person who is being harassed.
In this example, Allison's boss often makes comments about how fit and attractive she looks, we can see that he has more power than Allison and he's making comments that are offensive or intimidating to her and therefore she is starting to ignore him. This is an example of sexual harassment.
Sonia's mother is often busy and doesn't pay very much attention to her. When Sonia cries or screams, her mother comes over and scolds her. Though she doesn't like being scolded, Sonia prefers some attention to no attention at all. Sonia learns that when she wants her mother's attention, she should scream or cry. What kind of learning is this?
operant conditioning T/F
Answer: True
Explanation:
Operant conditioning is a method of learning born out of rewards and punishments for behavior.
The kind of learning where Sonia's mother does not attend to her baby unless she cries or screams is TRULY an operant conditioning.
Operant conditioning is based on voluntary behaviors that attract some consequences, like scolding and a nursing mother's attention. Operant conditioning is the opposite of classical conditioning. The latter involves some involuntary responses based on some stimuli.
Some of the characteristics of operant conditioning include
Reinforcement,Punishment, and Shaping.
Thus, it is true that the learning in this situation is operant conditioning.
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To encourage more people to use mass transit, ads from providers of mass transportation compare the ease and comfort of riding mass transit with the difficulties of driving in congested traffic and parking headaches. With respect to the positioning strategies, these mass transportation providers are making use of positioning by
Answer:
Product Class
Explanation:
The product class positioning strategy consists in the comparison between two classes of products that are substitutes of each other, with the goal of highlighting the advantages of one over the other.
Mass transit is a substitute for private transit because they both have the same basic goal: allowing a person to move from one place to the other.
Those who are pro-mass transit then, try to highlight what makes mass transit different, or better, from individual transit. (more comfort, less traffic, less parking headaches, etc).
Mass transportation providers use positioning strategies in advertising by contrasting the comfort and efficiency of mass transit with the challenges of driving and parking. They capitalize on economies of scale and global commuter behaviors to present mass transit as a preferable option.
Explanation:Positioning Strategies in Mass Transit AdvertisingMass transportation providers are leveraging positioning strategies in advertising by highlighting the advantages of mass transit over personal vehicle use. Ads emphasize the ease and comfort of using mass transit systems, comparing it favorably against the congestion and stress associated with driving and parking in urban areas. These strategic comparisons cater to the consumer's desire for a more relaxed and efficient commuting experience, positioning mass transit as the superior choice.
In the case of urban transit systems, especially those with rail, the significant economies of scale benefit both the provider and the user, as higher quantities of riders can lead to lower average costs. Additionally, practices such as offering free access to public transportation for students not only alleviates personal expenses but also promotes the broader use of public services.
Whether it's navigating through bustling train stations or adapting to local boarding customs, the experience of mass transit varies globally. The manner in which commuters interact with these services can influence their perception and thus is an important aspect of positioning. Ultimately, the advertising strategies of mass transit providers aim to reshape public perception by presenting mass transit as a more appealing alternative to driving in the complexities of urban transport.
According to Thoreau, what should a good citizen do about an unjust law? What are the consequences of this type of thinking?
Answer:
Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862) developed the theory of Civil Disobedience in an essay called Resistance to Civil Government, under which individuals should not allow any government to interfere with their consciences. According to Thoreau, conscientious citizens have the duty take action so as not to be turned into agents of the government's unjustice by, for example, refusing to pay taxes in the face of an unjust law.
This type of reasoning, exemplified in Thoreau's words "Unjust laws exist; shall we be content to obey them, or shall we endeavor to amend them, and obey them until we have succeeded, or shall we transgress them at once?," triggers consequences such as a sense of defiance between individuals and their governments and various legal implications.
Which sociological perspective/theory stresses that society is a whole unit, made up of interrelated parts that work together harmoniously?
Answer: Structural functional perspective/theory
Explanation: Structural functional perspective/theory is a school of thought that view society as a complex entity but with interconnected system which each area(part) work hand in hand harmoniously. Metaphorically speaking, it views society like the human body which has the hands, legs, brain, ears, eyes, heart and all the human body parts you can think of, each part has is own system for working and work specification but still each has to work harmoniously for a fully functional human body system.
There are many roadblocks that can interfere with one pursuing a college degree. Identify five common roadblocks to college success. Describe useful strategies to overcome the five roadblocks that you listed. Reply to two students.
Answer: Some of the common roadblocks to college success are:
Poor time managementPoor Organizational skillsMoney problemsFamily problemsConfusion about choosing a majorExplanation:
Strategies to help overcome these problems include:
Poor time management: Learn to prioritize and identify what is draining your time the most. List your activities according to their importance and avoid any activity that does not add to achieving your college or life goals.
Poor Organizational skills: Use the trick above, order extra curricular activities around your studies and make enough time for studying, don't lose track of what is important. Also, limit the time you spend on distractions.
Money problems: Plan ahead of your expenses. You can take part time jobs and save up before you need to make a purchase. If it is related to tuition fees, apply for bursaries or student loans.
Family problems: There is no way to avoid this. But if and when it does happen, find people around you who can help you get through the problems. Talk to friends, a therapist of other members of your family who you find supportive.
Confusion about choosing a major: decide to stick with one major. You will come across many discouraging moments when you are tempted to change but stick to your guns and see it through to the end.
A series of services celebrated in religious communities are called the
The series of services celebrated in religious communities are called worship services or religious rituals.
Explanation:The series of services celebrated in religious communities are called worship services or religious rituals. These services can vary depending on the specific religion and may include prayers, hymns, sermons, sacraments, and other religious practices. For example, in Christianity, worship services are commonly known as mass or church services.
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A series of services celebrated in religious communities are called religious rituals.
Religious rituals are a fundamental aspect of many religious traditions and play a significant role in the spiritual and communal life of believers. These rituals often involve specific actions, words, symbols, and gestures that hold deep religious and symbolic meanings.
Religious rituals vary greatly across different religions and denominations. They can include ceremonies such as worship services, sacraments, prayers, meditations,
These rituals serve various purposes within religious communities, including expressing devotion to a higher power or deity, seeking spiritual guidance or blessings, commemorating important events or figures in religious history,
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For his post-doctorate research, Yani plans to study human development among indigenous cultures in the mountains of Peru. He plans to move to Peru to integrate with his study subjects, make social connections with them, and observe their daily life up close. Which type of research design is he using _________.a. An intervention
b. Ethnographic research
c. An experiment
d. A quasi-experiment
Answer:
b. Ethnographic research
Explanation:
In sociology and research, an ethnographic research is a type of research where the researcher interact with the population he/she wants to study in their natural environment (this means, not in a lab or an artificial environment). This type of research allows the researcher to get a better understanding of the culture and the population he/she is studying.
In this example, Yani wants to study human development among indigenous cultures in the mountains of Peru and he plans to move to Peru to integrate with his study subjects and make social connections and observe their daily life up close, we can see that he wants to interact with his study subjects in their natural environment in order to get a better understanding of their culture. Therefore, this type of research design is an ethnographic research.
You can check your credit report annually for free through TransUnion, Equifax, and Experian. This allows you to catch signs of identity theft early and note any problems in your credit reports. This is an example of an ethical issue that falls into the category of __________.
Identity theft is an ethical issue that pertains to cyber safety and consumer protection, involving the wrongful use of personal information. Regular monitoring of annual free credit reports from TransUnion, Equifax, and Experian helps in detecting and preventing financial fraud. It's crucial for individuals to protect their personal information and to act swiftly by reporting to the FTC and placing a fraud alert in the event of identity theft.
Explanation:Understanding Identity TheftIdentity theft is an ethical issue that falls under the category of cyber safety and consumer protection. It typically involves the wrongful acquisition and use of personal identification, credit, or account information without permission. The annual free credit report provided by TransUnion, Equifax, and Experian is a consumer's defense mechanism to spot potential fraudulent activities early and safeguard their financial wellbeing. Credit scores determined by these agencies have significant impacts on one's ability to secure loans, credit cards, and even housing. Regular monitoring, as recommended by experts, helps maintain the accuracy of credit reports and protects against the damaging aftermath of identity theft.
Victims of identity theft often face drained bank accounts and massive debts accrued by criminals purchasing expensive items like cars or jewelry. For prevention, individuals are advised to share only the minimum necessary personal information and to regularly monitor their credit. In the event of identity theft, one should immediately report the incident to the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), contact the involved companies, and place a fraud alert on their credit reports to mitigate the damage.
Several incidents have highlighted the importance of cybersecurity. For example, the Equifax data breach in 2017 affected millions and raised awareness of the potential scale of cyber-attacks. Actions like getting a secured credit card and regularly checking one's credit reports can aid in recovering from financial troubles caused by such thefts and help in rebuilding credit scores over time.
Judith and Peter Blau developed the concept of __________, the idea that anger and mistrust result from perceptions of inequality that lead lower-class people to feel deprived and embittered in comparison with those more affluent.
a) inequality concentration
b) collective deprivation
c) cultural inequality
d) relative deprivation
Answer:
d) relative deprivation
Sally plays soccer for her university's team. She is constantly comparing herself to her teammate Molly. Sally does this to see how she measures up to Molly's soccer abilities. This is an example of: a. Social comparison. b. Making generalizations. c. Self-disclosure. d. Direct definitions.
Answer:
a. Social comparison
Explanation:
In psychology, social comparison theory states that people have an innate drive to evaluate themselves, often in comparison to others. This means that we make judgements in relation to others. The case of Sally is an example of this psychological theory because as a soccer player she compares her abilities to her teammate Molly in order to measure her own performance
"Your professor suggests that because people are especially attracted to those who are good-looking, handsome men will be more successful than average-looking men in securing employment. The professor's prediction regarding employment success is an example of"
Answer: A HYPOTHESIS
Explanation: Hypothesis is stern used in experimental process to refer to the tentative suggestions or analysis which acts as the building blocks of an experiment. Hypothesis is needed in experiments because it aids the quick delivery of results and gives the foundation which is the possible options upon which the scientist or researcher can base his or her work hypothesis can be described into the following
Simple Hypothesis.
Complex Hypothesis.
Research Hypothesis.
Null Hypothesis.
Alternative Hypothesis.
Logical Hypothesis.
Statistical Hypothesis.
The main goal of normalization is to construct tables in a way so that tables have many themes or topics. Group of answer choices True False
Answer: True
Explanation: Normalization is the process of converting poorly structured tables into two or more well-structured tables. The data integrity problem can occur only if data are duplicated. The general goal of normalization is to construct tables such that every table has a single topic or theme.
’m the referee in an adult game, and I see a defender challenge for the ball in an effort to make the other team lose the ball. The defender tackles for the ball but misses and with her momentum accidently, yet carelessly, trip her opponent. The ball continues to move over the touchline. What is the restart of the game?
The restart of the game when the ball continues to move over the touchline is the direct free kick.
Football is a team sport that involves kicking a ball with the help of your foot in order to achieve a score if the ball is placed inside the goal. The game consists of 11 players in each team. The games go with certain rules and guidelines.
In the given case, when the defender is tackling the ball but the ball is continuously moving over the touchline then it is the case of fault. Against the fault of the defender, he needs to fulfill the penalty by doing a direct free-kick from the touchline.
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The restart of the game would be a throw-in for the opposing team from where the ball went out of bounds over the touchline.
Explanation:The restart of the game in this situation would be a throw-in for the opposing team from the point where the ball went over the touchline.
In soccer, when the ball goes out of bounds over the touchline, the opposing team is awarded a throw-in. The player must use both hands to throw the ball back into play, with both feet on the ground and behind the touchline. This is a way to restart the game after the ball has left the field of play.
Although the defender accidentally tripped her opponent, the restart is not affected by the foul since the ball had already gone out of bounds.
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If we conduct a research study using a sample of 14- to 16-year old adolescents attending school in ethnically-diverse middle class communities, we could correctly generalize our results to___________
Answer:
Adolescents who have characteristics similar to those of the sample.
Explanation:
If you are conducting a study and you use a sub-population, which means you choose a certain sample with similar characteristics, the result of the study cannot be generalized to the entire population. For example, you use a sample of adolescent between 14 to 16 years, this means that the result from this study would be applied to only adolescents with the characteristics that were similar to those participants used for the study.
Microeconomics focuses on A. aggregate economic variables like the rate of unemployment or national income. B. inflation and growth in our overall economy. C. all households and firms grouped together and how they interact with the government. D. decisions made by individual households and firms.
Answer:
D). Decisions made by individual households and firms.
Explanation:
'Microeconomics' is described as the branch of economics that is associated with the study of individual units like a household, firm, etc. or solitary factors that contribute to affecting the allocation or distribution of the limited(scarce) resources through their specific actions or decisions.
As per the question, Microeconomics concentrates on the 'decisions made by the individual households and firms' as their decision-making influences the allotment of scarce resources. Thus, this branch of economics is focused on analyzing the individual factors that contribute to influencing resource allocation and produce the situations in which they can attain the desirable allotment. Thus, option D is the correct answer.
On the left of the classroom user interface you will find the ____________________________ tools which link you to different areas in the course. Group of answer choices Breadcrumb Navigation Course Navigation Global Navigation Help Link
Answer:
The correct answer choice is Navigation Course
Explanation:
On the left of the classroom user interface you will find the Navigation Course tools which link you to different areas in the course.
This means that in order to go through different areas of a particular course, the link of navigation course must be visited. It will help to explore different areas of the course thoroughly.
I hope the answer is helpful.
Thanks for asking.
Four-year-old Craig understands that birds build nests in trees. In his front yard, Craig notices an unusually large nest. He is scared to go near it, fearing that some large bird may attack him. Craig’s father explains to him that squirrels also build nests and that the nest in the front yard is that of a squirrel. Craig changes his thinking to now include the fact that squirrels build nests. Jean Piaget would say that Craig’s new way of thinking about nests is an example of
insightaccomodationan algorithma heuristicconvservation
Craig’s new way of thinking about nests is an example of accomodation that is stated under Piaget's theory of cognitive development.
Accomodation thinking implies making changes in the existing thinking in order to incorporate new information or way of thinking effectively to get accomodated in existing information.
The reason behind improper accomodation is due to pre-conceived notions, biased perceptions, and environmental influence. Thus, in the given case, Craig is efficiently able to accept the new thinking from the information gained from his father.
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Craig's modification of his understanding about nest builders to include squirrels, as explained by Jean Piaget's theory, is an example of accommodation, which involves changing one's schemata to incorporate new information.
Explanation:Jean Piaget would say that Craig’s new way of thinking about nests after learning squirrels also build them is an example of accommodation. When children learn new information, they adjust their schemata, which are mental models used to categorize and interpret information. This process can involve either assimilation, where new information is incorporated into existing schemata without changing them, or accommodation, where schemata are changed to incorporate new information.
In Craig’s case, he had to change his existing schema that associated nest building only with birds, to now including squirrels as nest builders. This process of modifying his schema to include this new information is clearly an example of accommodation, as per Piaget’s theory of cognitive development.
an informal communication network that involves numerous people sharing information with a few of their friends, leading to the shared information flowing freely and quickly through the organization
Answer:
Cluster chain
Explanation:
Cluster chain is referred to that informal communication in which, first one individual pass information to a particular set of people then that particular set of people share that same information to other people and the chain continues. largely most of the communication done in an informal way is part of the cluster chain.
A Pure Risk is defined as: A) a situation in which there are only the possibilities of loss or no loss. B) the chance a loss will occur C) a diversifiable risk D) a contingency that increases the chance of a loss
Answer: A. a situation in which there are only the possibilities of loss or no loss.
Explanation:
A pure risk is a situation in which there are only the possibilities of loss or no loss.
A Pure Risk is a situation where there are only possibilities of loss or no loss. It doesn't present potential for gain; you either experience a loss or remain in the same state.
Explanation:The correct answer to your question is option A: Pure Risk is defined as a situation in which there are only possibilities of loss or no loss. Unlike speculative risks, where there is a chance of gain or profit, Pure Risk scenario does not offer any potential for gain. Instead, you either experience a loss or continue in the same state. For instance, the risk of a house burning down is a Pure Risk. If the event occurs, there is a loss, if it doesn't occur, there is no gain – you simply remain in the same situation (no change of state).
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Isabella goes to a fortune teller who tells her, "You are the type of personwho is very outgoing and sociable, yet at times you enjoy being alone."Isabella thinks this captures her personality amazingly well, because she±nds many instances in her memories of such behaviors. Isabella has justfallen prey to the ________.
Answer:
Barnum effect
Explanation:
Barnum effect: In psychology, the term Barnum effect is also referred to as Barnum-Forer effect, or Forer effect and is defined as one of the psychological phenomenon in which a person tends to give a very high and precise description of his or her personality that are limited to him or her and considered as vague yet general that can be applied to a variety of different people. It is filled with particular information that can be applied to different people.
In the question above, Isabella has just fallen prey to the Barnum effect.
Donders' measurement of reaction time is particularly important because it demonstrated the "time course" on which the mind operates. Donders found that it took ______ to decide which of two buttons to push in response to a stimulus
Answer:
Donders found that it took less than a second to decide which of two buttons to push in response to a stimulus.
1. Which statement best reflects the role best reflects the senate?
The correct answer is A senator represents the entire state.
Explanation:
Sheryl and Harry recently had their first child. As two working parents, they struggled to find good, economical child care. As a result, they decided to rent out the basement of their home to a daycare, so they could get reduced-cost child care. This is an example of the:
Answer: Sharing economy
Explanation:
Sharing economy is an economic system whereby assets or services are shared between private individuals based on agreement reached by parties involved.
Sheryl and Harry's decision to rent out their basement as a daycare to receive reduced-cost child care is an example of how parents cope with high child care costs, which can act like a regressive tax, disproportionately affecting women and low-income families.
Explanation:When considering the financial aspects of childcare and economic activity, particularly how the costs affect working parents like Sheryl and Harry, it's important to understand that child care expenses can act as a form of regressive tax. This is especially true for women, who, due to societal roles as primary caregivers, may find the cost of childcare a significant barrier to entering or remaining in the workforce. The decision of Sheryl and Harry to rent out their basement to a daycare in exchange for reduced-cost child care is an example of a creative solution to mitigate these high costs, highlighting the relationship between child care costs and labor force participation. This arrangement can help overcome a key challenge to economic participation, particularly for women, and reflects broader societal shifts in viewing children less as economic assets and more as substantial investments requiring resources such as health care, education, and childcare.
An artist paints a scene with a large mountain, which lacks detail and is out of focus, and a tree, which is sharply defined and bright green. The viewer might assume that the mountain is ________ than the tree.
Final answer:
The artist uses atmospheric perspective to make the mountain appear farther away than the tree by rendering it with less detail and a hazy appearance, simulating depth in the painting.
Explanation:
In the described scene, the large mountain appearing out of focus and lacking detail juxtaposed with the sharply defined and vividly colored tree exemplifies the artistic technique known as atmospheric perspective. This technique is used by artists to convey depth in a painting, indicating that objects, such as mountains, which are painted with less detail and in a hazier manner, are perceived as being farther away than detailed and brightly colored objects in the foreground, like the tree in this example. By using variations in color, tone, and clarity, artists like the one described apply aerial perspective to simulate distance and atmospheric conditions, creating a realistic depiction of how we view landscapes in the natural world.
Audrey is taking a history of science class. She was surprised to learn how old the scientific approach is. In fact, she read that Aristotle is credited with laying the foundation for the scientific approach to answer questions about psychological concepts through his suggestion that:
Answer:
We learn through our sensory experiences.
Explanation:
Aristotle was a famous Greek philosopher who made contribution to nearly every aspect of life from psychology to biology and from ethics to aesthetics.
He laid the foundation for scientific approach to questions relating psychological concepts by stating that we learn many scientific concepts and phenomenon by sensory touch and learning from our senses.
We learn the many of the scientific approach by our sensory experiences.
An elderly woman in her mid-70's was walking to the local drugstore. On her way, a man shoved her as he walked by and stole her purse. She was not injured in the altercation but was clearly shaken up. About 10 minutes later, she began to experience shortness of breath and chest pain. She was taken to the emergency room. While she was being examined, she developed and irregular heartbeat and died.
What is the manner, cause, and mechanism?
Answer:MANNER: HOMICIDE
CAUSE: HEART ATTACK
MECHANISM: ARRHYTHMIA
Explanation:An Arrhythmia is an issue where your heart rate start to have problems , it may start beating too quickly than usually or slow down below what is normal or have an irregular patterns.When the heart beats faster than normal, this is referred to as tachycardia.
Homicide refers to killing someone and murder falls under unlawful homicide. Lawful homicide can be when police shot someone because they want to shot back.
Under the common law, murder can be intentional if a person can't justify why they killed the victim and if the person committed murder with malice aforethought. Malice aforethought isn't limited to killing driven by hate or out of spite it can also happen if a person intentionally inflicted severe bodily harm that caused the victim to die or if a person acted recklessly with a disregard for the victim's life and as a result the victim ended up dying like in this case a man who shoved this old lady disregarded her life and because of that the old lady died hence it is homicide
The elderly woman's death can be classified as a homicide, with the cause being a heart attack triggered by stress from the robbery. The mechanism was cardiac arrhythmia leading to cardiac arrest.
Manner of Death: Homicide. While the woman was not physically injured in the altercation, the stress from the event led to her death. This makes it a death caused by another person.Cause of Death: Heart Attack. The woman's symptoms of chest pain, shortness of breath, and eventual irregular heartbeat indicate she suffered from a heart attack.Mechanism of Death: Cardiac arrhythmia. The irregular heartbeat caused by the heart attack led to cardiac arrest, which ultimately resulted in her death.The stress from being robbed likely caused a surge of adrenaline and other stress hormones.This stress could have triggered a heart attack, indicated by chest pain and shortness of breath.The heart attack likely led to an arrhythmia, or irregular heartbeat, ultimately causing cardiac arrest and death.How did western expansion and industrialization affect the lives of the different people who lived in the United States at the turn of the twentieth century?
Answer:
Explanation:
How did the westward expansion and the Industrial Revolution affect American society?
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Westward expansion profoundly changed American society. As the nation grew, more people looked west in order to obtain cheaper land. Once there, they developed communities with stores and professional positions, such as blacksmiths and lawyers, many of these Western towns were some of the fastest growing places in the United States. These people in the West also aspired to own manufactured goods, and the United States was beginning to get into the Industrial Revolution after the Revolutionary War.
Before the war and immediately thereafter, American manufacturing was considered secondary to British work. After the war, Americans looked to develop their own manufacturing as a way to grow industries at home and also as a source of national pride. More people would work in American factories in the period leading up to the Civil War and after the war this number would increase significantly with more European immigration.
Most of the factory jobs were in the North, but in order to facilitate transportation of raw materials and finished products, the US government undertook a program of internal improvements called the American System which improved railroads and canals in most of the United States. This benefited the West as it made transportation of goods and people easier; it also benefited Americans as a whole, as American manufacturing increased and new jobs were being created.
Which term refers to a modern form of concentration that involves maintaining awareness in the present moment? Question 8 options: actualization desensitization mindfulness imagery transcendence
Answer: Mindfulness
Explanation:
Mindfulness is the process concentration of which involves the maintaining awareness in the present moment. Mindfulness is the basic human ability to be fully present, aware of where we are and what we’re doing, and not overly reactive or overwhelmed by what’s going on around us. It involves awareness, and impartiality about what we gain from this awareness. Mindfulness is a state that can be brought on through practice. It’s not static, nor are some people ‘born more mindful’ than others.
Principles of conduct that help govern the behavior of individuals and groups are known as ________.
Answer:
The correct answer to the following question will be "Ethics".
Explanation:
A section of philosophy, called Ethics, relating to the systematization, preservation and suggestion of principles of correct and incorrect conduct. Together with aesthetics, the area of morality addresses questions of meaning, and thus contains the division of materialist philosophy called axiology.Ethics is the behavioral principle that helps regulate groups of people's behavior.Therefore, Ethics is the right answer.
Abigail volunteers to help Congressman Bob's campaign. Along the way she notices that Congressman Bob, a Republican, is much more popular in the wealthier parts of his district. What strategy should she use to turn what she has observed into a theory about politics?
a. Try to move from the specific to the more general.
b. Try to drop the proper nouns.
c. Examine previous research.
d. All of the above.
Answer:
The correct option is D: All of the above
Explanation:
To turn this concept into a theory Abigirl must try to show that "Politicians are well known and popular in the wealthier districts." From this theory in quotes, it can be seen that she moved from Bob to Politician, which satisfied option A of "moving from the specific to the more general". The "his district" has been changed to "wealthier districts", and this satisfies option B, which is dropping the proper nouns, and thirdly she is expected to examine if any previous research has been conducted in this line of study. Hence the answer is All of the above.