Answer:
Vascular plants have separate tubular tissues such as xylem, phloem for smooth transport of water, minerals and food while non-vascular plants do not show these attributes.
Explanation:
Although both life cycles are divided between the sporophytic and gametophytic generations, vascular plants have a dominant diploid sporophytic phase while non-vascular plants have a dominant haploid gametophytic phase.
Non-vascular plants are poikilohydric (they can withstand dehydration and can recover without any damage to their tissues), though they cannot control the water level in their cells and tissues. On the other hand, vascular plants are homoiohydry. They can survive in any habitat and can control the water content in cells and tissues, though they have low capacity to survive dessication compared to the non-vascular plants.
Non-vascular plants do not have true leaf. The leaves are mere chlorophyll containing. Photosynthesized food are directly sent from one cell to the other. They lack proper transport mechanism for food and water.
On the other hand, the vascular plants have complex multilayered leaf (cells) structure. The waxy layer cuticles on the leaves prevent dessication. That are more chlorophyll containing than their counterpart.
What major changes to farming made it difficult for average farmers to compete with large agricultural corporations during the 1920s? Group of answer choices Chemical fertilizers increased yield. Hybrid seeds increased yield. Mechanization increased efficiency. All of the above.
Answer:
The answer includes all of the options.
Explanation:
Some of the major changes that happened in agriculture during the 1920s include the use of electrical tools and vehicles and chemical fertilizers. These changes along with their low availability to the average farmers made it harder for them to compete with agricultural corporations who could use these advanced methods easily. Hybrid seeds were also used by corporations to get increase the yield of the fields. The answer includes all of the options.
I hope this answer helps.
Two members of the excavate clade that can cause disease are:______. a. euglenids and kinetoplastids. b. dinoflagellates and apicomplexans. c. loboseans and plasmodial slime molds. d. cercozoans and foraminiferans. e. diplomonads and parabasalids.
Answer:
E. diplomonads and parabasalids.
The gene for the MyoD transcription factor is introduced into cultured fat cells. When the gene is expressed, the fat cells are transformed into muscle cells. What does this result imply about the fat cells and their commitment to the fat-cell fate?
Answer:
The result implies that fat cells are committed to this fate, but not irreversibly determined.
Explanation:
The expression of Myod is capable of converting a fibroblast to a skeletal muscle cell. Due to the fact that it can do this, it is therefore a model system in developmental biology for studying how a single initiating event can orchestrate a highly complex and predictable response. Recent findings indicate that Myod functions in an instructive chromatin context and it regulates muscle cell differentiation by inducing cell cycle arrest, a prerequisite for myogenic initiation. The protein is also involved in muscle regeneration. It activates its own transcription which may stabilize commitment to myogenesis.
You are designing an artificial drug-delivery cell that can penetrate animal cells. Which protist structures should provide the most likely avenue for research along these lines?
Explanation:
A group of cytoskeletal structures and related layer limited organelles found at the foremost finish of grown-up commit intracellular protozoan parasites in the phylum Apicomplexa. The apical complex is engaged with connection to and infiltration of the host cell and in parasite multiplication. Apicomplexans : Ciliates are pretty cool, but they're not the only group of alveolates out there. Next, we've got the apicomplexans. This group is characterized by an asymmetrical collection of alveoli at one end of the cell, which is called the apical complex. the apical complex has shaped the way it is because it helps the cell latch onto and infects other cells.That's right, apicomplexans are parasitic. There are 4,000 known species of apicomplexans, all of them parasitic, and some of them pretty nasty.The insects in the order Odonata, including the dragonflies and damselflies, begin life as wingless aquatic nymphs and only later in life emerge as sexually mature, winged adults. If an evolutionary change produced a dragonfly that reached maturity while still in the aquatic stage, this would be an example of __________.
Answer:
Pedomorphosis
Explanation:
Pedomorphosis is a type of evolutionary change that occurs when features or traits that are usually common with the juveniles or larval of an ancestral organisms, become displaced by the adult traits or features in the descendants of that organism. This can either be as a result of slowing down or the acceleration of the physiological development of the organism.
The dragon fly that is produced, which shows features of adult development at its aquatic stage, is an example of Pedomorphosis.
__________ is your ability to integrate eye, hand, and foot movements into cohesive action. When it comes time to execute a maneuver, this makes it happen smoothly.
Answer:
The answer is Coordination
The boxer crab, Lybia tesselata, carries a small pair of anemones in its claws. When approached by a predator, it waves the anemones around, presenting the stinging tentacles and chasing away the predator. The anemones benefit by eating food particles from prey that the crab catches. What type of relationship is this?
Explanation:
Mutualism is most normally characterized such that mirrors the positive signs describing the result of their cooperations, that is, as connections between people of various species that advantage them two. However, mutualism can be all the more unequivocally characterized as a cooperation between people of various species that outcomes in constructive (useful) consequences for per capita proliferation or potentially endurance of the interfacing populaces. As in other interspecific cooperations, the level of reliance of every mutualist upon different reaches from commit to facultative; henceforth, they can be commit, commit facultative, or facultative–facultative communications.Answer:
Mutualism.
Explanation:
Edmentum.
Which of the following would not be a basis for misrepresentation? a. These shrubs will survive in direct sunlight. b. This lawnmower has a safety turn-off switch. c. This soft water system will add five years to the life of your washing machine. d. All of the above are a basis for misrepresentation.
Answer:
i believe your answer is d.
In a neuron, an action potential travels from the soma to the last structure of the neuron called the ________. The signal is received from the next neuron through its ________.
An action potential travels from the soma to the axon terminal of a neuron. The signal is then received by the next neuron through its dendrites.
Explanation:In a neuron, an action potential travels from the soma (or cell body) to the last structure of the neuron called the axon terminal. This is where the electrical signal that travels down the neuron is converted into a chemical signal. The signal is received from the subsequent neuron through its dendrites. This is a process called synaptic transmission and is fundamental to the communication between neurons in the nervous system.
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In a neuron, an action potential travels from the soma to the axon terminal. The signal is then received by the next neuron through its dendrites.
Explanation:In a neuron, an action potential travels from the soma, or the cell body, towards the last structure of the neuron, known as the axon terminal. The signal is then received by the next neuron through its dendrites. Dendrites serve as input sites where signals are received from other neurons. The signal then passes through the soma and is taken up by the axon. The axon is a tube-like structure which carries this signal or action potential down to the axon terminals. The axon terminals consist of synaptic vesicles that contain neurotransmitters. These neurotransmitters are the chemical messengers of the nervous system that allow signals to be communicated to other neurons, muscle cells, or target organs. Thus, the process of signal transfer in the nervous system continues.
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One example of a cellular response to a signal is the triggering of cell division. If a mutation occurred in the gene for the signal receptor in this pathway that caused the receptor to reject binding of the signal, what response can be predicted?
Answer:
Automatically, the cell does not divide.
With the endosymbiotic hypothesis in mind, what structure within modern-day chloroplasts is likely derived from the cytoplasm of an ancestral cyanobacterium that took up residence within a eukaryotic cell?
Inner membrane of the chloroplasts
Explanation:
The present day eukayrotes are all considered to be derived from its original ancestor – the cyanobacteria.
Earlier, photosynthesis by the first photoautotrophs took place utilizing hydrogen sulphide as the electron donor. However, it was later when the cyanobacteria, which were originally residing in the mitochondria of an eukaryotic cell under an endosymbiotic relationship, developed into true chloroplasts, the use of water as electron donor to perform photosynthesis began.
The cyanobacteria were aerobic in nature and required oxygen to survive. They evolved the chloroplasts covered with an external protective membrane and an internal membrane. It is the internal membrane which contains all the necessary organelles or components necessary for photosynthesis like thyllakoids, stroma etc which helped them to utilize water as an electron donor during photosynthesis like all the eukaryotes.
Final answer:
The thylakoid membrane system within chloroplasts is likely derived from the cytoplasm of an ancestral cyanobacterium. Supported by the endosymbiotic hypothesis, chloroplasts show evidence of a double membrane indicative of their symbiotic origins with an ancestral eukaryotic host.
Explanation:
Within modern-day chloroplasts, the structure that is likely derived from the cytoplasm of an ancestral cyanobacterium is the thylakoid membrane system. These membranes are the site of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. The endosymbiotic hypothesis, primarily attributed to Lynn Margulis, holds that plastids, including chloroplasts, originated as cyanobacteria taken up by an ancestral eukaryote through primary endosymbiosis. The chloroplasts are characterized by their double membrane, reflecting this endosymbiotic origin. The inner membrane is thought to have originated from the cyanobacterial plasma membrane, while the outer membrane likely came from the engulfing vacuole of the host cell. Additionally, chloroplasts retain a circular DNA structure and ribosomes closely resembling those of cyanobacteria, providing further evidence of their endosymbiotic origins.
Tay-Sachs disease is a human genetic abnormality that results in cells accumulating and becoming clogged with very large, complex, undigested lipids. Which cellular organelle must be involved in this condition
Answer:
Lysosome is the cellular organelle that involved in Tay Sachs disease condition.
Explanation:
This is a rare inherited disorder that occur in the brain due to mutation in HEXA gene that unable to produce beta-hexosaminidase.
This enzyme mainly located in the lysosomes and helps in break down of fatty acid substance called GM2 ganglioside.
Mutation in HEXA gene causes disrupt in the activity of beta hexosaminidase a that prevents enzyme from breaking down into GM2 ganglioside. as a result the toxic level enters into the neuron in the brain and spinal cord and thus causes symptoms of Tay Sachs disease.
Symptoms-
Deafness,progressive blindness,decrease muscle strength,paralysis,seizure,muscular stiffness,slow growth,red spot on macula,increased startle response etc.Tay-Sachs disease is a genetic disorder that results from the absence of a certain enzyme in the lysosome, a cell organelle responsible for breaking down waste materials. This causes a buildup of large, complex, undigested lipids in cells.
Explanation:Tay-Sachs disease is a genetic disorder that involves the buildup of large, complex, undigested lipids, or fats, in cells. The cellular organelle involved in this condition is the lysosome. Lysosomes, often referred to as the cell's waste disposal system, contain enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris. In individuals with Tay-Sachs, a specific enzyme in the lysosome is missing, resulting in the accumulation of lipids.
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Fill in the blanks.1. The specific location within an enzyme molecule where the substrate binds is called the:_______ . 2. During an enzymatic reaction, a molecule of binds to the enzyme and is broken down into one or more molecules of , __________which are released. 3. A_____________ is a molecule that can bind to an enzyme and prevent the enzyme from working. 4. Lactose takes years to break down on its own. But if exposed to the protein lactase, the reaction proceeds very quickly, while lactase itself remains unchanged. Lactase is an example of a_____________ . 5. The___________ between an active site and its substrate often strains bonds and helps the reaction proceed.
Answer:
Active siteProductsInhibitor Enzyme Enzyme-susbtrtae complexExplanation:
1. Active site: The active site is the region of an enzyme where the substrate gets attached undergo a chemical reaction.
2. Products: Products are the molecules which formed at the end of enzymatic reaction.
3. Inhibitor: A chemical molecule other than enzyme that binds to the active site and prevents enzymatic reaction.
4. Enzyme: It is a biocatalyst which speed up chemical reaction.
5. Enzyme-substrate complex: A short-lived complex formed when substrate binds to the active site of enzyme.
This response explains key terms related to enzyme reactions, including the active site, substrates, products, competitive inhibitors, catalysts, and the interaction between an active site and substrate.
Explanation:1. The specific location within an enzyme molecule where the substrate binds is called the active site.
2. During an enzymatic reaction, a molecule of substrate binds to the enzyme and is broken down into one or more molecules of product, which are released.
3. A competitive inhibitor is a molecule that can bind to an enzyme and prevent the enzyme from working.
4. Lactase is an example of a catalyst.
5. The interaction between an active site and its substrate often strains bonds and helps the reaction proceed.
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In examining a protist, you notice that it lacks a cell wall, and has movement with cytoplasmic streaming. These data allow you to infer that the species belongs to which of the following protist groups? In examining a protist, you notice that it lacks a cell wall, and has movement with cytoplasmic streaming. These data allow you to infer that the species belongs to which of the following protist groups? A) Rhizaria B) Stramenopila C) Alveolata D) Excavata E) Amoebozoa
Answer:
E. Amoebozoa
Explanation:
Amoebozoa is ranked as a phylum within either the kingdom Protista or the kingdom Protozoa. They lack cell wall with cytoplasmic streaming and possesses false projections used for locomotion.
The protist in question, characterized by the lack of a cell wall and movement through cytoplasmic streaming, is most likely a member of the Amoebozoa group.
Explanation:In examining a protist that lacks a cell wall and shows movement through cytoplasmic streaming, you can determine that the species likely belongs to the Amoebozoa group. The defining characteristics of pseudopodia exhibiting cytoplasmic streaming for movement and nutrient distribution, as seen in Amoebozoans, match the observations described. While Rhizaria also utilizes pseudopodia, the absence of cell walls is more characteristic of Amoebozoa, which includes many free-living and parasitic species known for this feature.
Inexhaustible resources are renewable energy sources that are found in unlimited amounts in nature. Water is an example of an inexhaustible resource. Humans can impact the amount and quality of the water. Which description is not how developing countries are affecting water as an inexhaustible resource?
Explanation:
Many developing countries are implementing renewable energy sourcesSolid air, sunny skies, plentiful plant matter, heat from the earth, and quick-moving water can each give a tremendous and continually renewed stockpile of vitality. A moderately little division of US power right now originates from these sources, however, that could change: examines have over and again indicated that sustainable power source can give a noteworthy portion of future power needs, much in the wake of representing potential imperativesRenewable sources of energy are those which can be used again and again and they do not get extinct after usageFor example – solar energy, wind energy, geothermal energy, etc. The use of renewable energy sources depicts that the country is well aware of the harms caused by the usage of non-renewable energy resources. Therefore instead of using water (considering it as an inexhaustible resource), the developing countries are exploring other renewable sources of energyAnswer:
d
Explanation:
How do phagocytes protect the body?
A. They produce fever, which slows germ growth.
B. They produce mucus that traps germs.
C. They increase blood flow to infected areas.
D. They eat infected and foreign cells.
Answer: They eat infected and foreign cells.
Explanation:
Phagocytes are the cell having ability to ingest foreign cells such as bectaria or dead cells so if any foreigner enter it readily digest it to protect.
When an _____ occurs the skin usually gets red, swollen and painful
1) respiratory infection
2) inflammatory response
3) vaccination
4) antibody
Answer:
I would guess 2) inflammatory response, as inflammatory refers to burning.
Explanation:
Answer:
B inflammatory response
Explanation:
Which of the following is a protein produced by cells when exposed to a virus. This
protein binds to the cell membranes of neighboring cells and "interferes" with the
ability of a virus to enter the cell.
A. interferon
B. prion
C. vaccine
D. bacteriophage
Answer: Interferon - a protein produced by cells when exposed to a virus. This protein binds to the cell membranes of neighboring cells and "interferes" with the ability of a virus to enter the cell.
Explanation: Hope this helps have a great day! please mark brainliest!
Interferon is the protein produced by virus-exposed cells, signaling neighboring cells to defend against viral infection by inhibiting virus entry and promoting the destruction of the virus. It plays a crucial role in the immune system's fight against viral infections.
The protein produced by cells when exposed to a virus, which binds to the cell membranes of neighboring cells and "interferes" with the ability of a virus to enter the cell, is interferon. Interferons are types of cytokines released by a cell that has been infected with a virus. They play a critical role in the immune response by signaling uninfected neighboring cells to inhibit mRNA synthesis, destroy RNA, and reduce protein synthesis, as well as promoting apoptosis in cells infected with the virus. This action helps in preventing the spread of the virus, protecting uninfected cells from becoming infected.
Interferons stimulate antiviral responses in nearby cells as well as in the cells secreting them, although they do not cure the cells releasing them. The significant antiviral effects of interferons include inhibition of viral mRNA synthesis, destruction of viral RNA, reduction of protein synthesis, and promoting the apoptosis (programmed cell death) of infected cells. This collective action effectively stems the infection from further spreading.
Suppose you dissolve 1 gram of solid glucose crystals in 1 kg of water to make a solution. Which calculation would be best to describe the concentration of glucose?
Answer:
"mass/mass percent" calculation to express the concentration of glucose.
Explanation:
Concentration of the solution is generally a ratio between the amount of solute and the amount of solvent (or solution). In this case, the amount of solute is measured in grams, and the amount of solvent (water) is measured in kilograms. Both units are units of mass. It would be most likely to use by mass/mass percent.
Answer: The calculation that would make the most sense to use in this scenario is mass/mass percent.
Explanation: For anyone who's taking the quiz
10points
Which of the following happens when infected body cells are detected during a cell-mediated immune response?
Helper T cells divide and activate cytotoxic T cells, which destroy the infected cells.
Memory T cells divide and form helper T cells, which destroy the infected cells.
B lymphocytes divide and activate memory B cells, which destroy the infected cells.
Memory B cells divide and form plasma cells, which destroy the infected cells.
Answer:
destruction of infected cells by cytotoxic T cells, or the destruction of intracellular pathogens by macrophage
Explanation:
A cell-mediated immune response is an immune response that does not involve antibodies. Cell-mediated immune responses involve the destruction of infected cells by cytotoxic T cells, or the destruction of pathogens by macrophages.
The answer cannot be either of the options involving B cells, as these are involved in the antibody response. The cytotoxic T cells are what actually destroy the infected cells (not helper T cells). Therefore, the answer is destruction of infected cells by cytotoxic T cells, or the destruction of intracellular pathogens by macrophage
Answer:
the correct answer is option A
The relative location of four genes on a chromosome can be mapped from the following data on crossover frequencies Genes B and D Frequency of Crossover 5% Cand A 15% A and B 30% C and B 45% Cand D 50% Which of the following represents the relative positions of these four genes on the chromosome? 1. ABCD 2. ADCB 3. CABD 4. CBAD
Answer:
The relative position of the genes on the chromosome is CABD
Explanation:
According to the observed recombination events, C and D are the furthest from each other, while C is closest to A, being therefore CABD the correct gene order in the chromosome
In at least one paragraph (3-5 sentences), discuss the 3 types of asexual reproduction that are used by fungi. Your response should be in your own words with proper grammar and mechanics.
Answer:
Fungi can reproduce sexually, as well. This process involves mating between opposite types of fungi; the types are known as (+) and( -). Afterwards, the nuclei can fuse together to form a diploid zygospore that develops upward through meiosis. Since there are two organisms included in this method of reproduction, genetic variability is made possible.
Explanation:
What is the name for the new field of study that focuses on the relationship among the brain, immune system, and psychological factors with regard to stress-related events?
Answer:
psyconeur
Psychoneuroimmunology.
Explanation:
This is now known to be the study of the interaction between psychological processes and the nervous and immune systems of the human body. It explains further is the interaction between psychological processes and the nervous and immune systems and stress related events of the human body.
Dayton's pupils are dilated and his heart is pounding immediately after he gets terrified by a large groundhog running across his driveway after he parks his car. His _____ nervous system is activated. parasympathetic afferent sympathetic efferent
Answer:
Sympathetic Nervous system
Explanation:
The sympathetic nervous system is the part of the nervous system that is responsible for "Fight or flight" reactions.
Two eukaryotic proteins were found to be very similar except for one domain that was very different. Which of the following processes is most likely to have contributed to this phenomenon?
A. multiple random mutations within specific exons of the gene.
B. use of different transcriptional activators.
differential acetylation of specific histone proteins prior to transcription.
C. differences in pre-mRNA splicing that results in an altered pattern of exon inclusion.
D. All of the above.
"The differences in pre-mRNA splicing that results in an altered pattern of exon inclusion" is most likely to have contributed to this phenomenon.
Option: C
Explanation:
The expression of the eukaryotic gene requires several stages and can be regulated by several of them. Different genes are controlled at different locations and it is not unusual for a gene to be controlled at multiple steps, especially a significant or powerful one.
In accessibility of Chromatin the chromatin structure includes DNA and can be regulated by its assembling proteins. More free or 'relaxed' chromatin allows a gene more transcriptible.For many genes transcription is a key regulatory point. Its factor protein sets bind to unique DNA sequences within or near to a gene and encourage or suppress its transcription into an RNA.It is possible to control the splicing, capping, and attaching a poly-A tail to an RNA molecule, and thus exit the nucleus. Specific mRNAs might be produced by alternative splicing from the same pre-mRNA.Which of the following are current applications of microsystem technology in modern automobiles (three best answers): (a) air-bag release sensors, (b) alcohol blood level sensors, (c) driver identification sensors for theft prevention, (d) oil pressure sensors, (e) temperature sensors for cabin climate control
Answer:
The current applications of microsystem technology in modern automobiles includes;
(a) air-bag release sensors
(d) oil pressure sensors
(e) temperature sensors for cabin climate control.
Explanation:
Microsystem Technologies examines electromechanical, materials, design, and manufacturing issues of microsystems and their components.
Within the automotive industry, micro-electro-mechanical-systems (MEMS) technology has contributed to the improved performance, reliability and lower-cost sensors that support basic automobile functions, including driving, turning, and stopping.
Microsystem technology includes; LIGA technology, microelectromechanical systems and micromachines
A species of small lizard has three color forms, pale gray, brown, and black. In its original range, the colors of the rocky environment were mixed from pale gray to very dark, and the population had an even mix of all three color forms. The blending of colors with the environment helps the lizards hide from predators. A group of these lizards ended up on an island with only gray and black rocks. Eventually, the brown lizards disappeared. This is an example of A. directional selection. B. artificial selection. C. stabilizing selection. D. diversifying selection. E. mutation.
Answer:
D. diversifying selection
Explanation:
Diversifying selection, also called disruptive selection, occurs when changes in the environmental conditions act on a population to favor individuals with extreme phenotypes, while individuals with intermediate phenotypes are not favored ad become unfit to survive in the environment.
In the example cited in the question, diversifying section is said to have occurred, as the new environment only helps gray and black lizards to blend with the background color of the rocks, shielding them against predators.Since brown lizards can’t blend with the color of the rocks, they become easily preyed on, and with time,the population of brown lizards disappeared.
The phosphorus cycle differs from the carbon cycle in that: A. there is little or no human impact on the phosphorus cycle. B. phosphorus is not a critical component of living organisms. C. plants play a role in the carbon cycle, but have no role in the phosphorus cycle. D. the atmosphere does not contribute to the phosphorus cycle. E. the hydrosphere plays a role in the phosphorus cycle.
Answer: D. the atmosphere does not contribute to the phosphorus cycle.
Explanation:
The phosphorus cycle is different as compared to the carbon, water and nitrogen cycle as the phosphorus element cannot be found in the gaseous state as a result of this the phosphorus cannot be found in the earth atmosphere. The phosphorus can be found in the sedimentary mineral rocks. The weathering process of the sedimentary mineral rocks provides the inorganic phosphorus to the plants. This way the phosphorus cycle begins with the food chain.
Carbon in the form of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and other gases can be found in the atmosphere.
The phosphorus cycle differs from the carbon cycle in that the atmosphere does not contribute to the phosphorus cycle, which is not the case with the carbon cycle.
Explanation:The phosphorus cycle differs from the carbon cycle mainly in that the phosphorus cycle does not include a significant atmospheric component. While plants and human activities impact both cycles, the key distinction for the phosphorus cycle is that the atmosphere does not contribute to it, unlike the carbon cycle where the atmosphere plays a major role through processes like photosynthesis and respiration.
Phosphorus is an essential nutrient in living processes, being a crucial part of nucleic acids and phospholipids, and as calcium phosphate, it is a component of our bones. Phosphorus is often the limiting nutrient for growth in aquatic ecosystems, highlighting its importance.
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Which phylum has members that secrete a hard, calcium carbonate shell?
- Arthropoda
- Nematoda
- Cnidaria
- Mollusca
Answer:
i believe your answer would be Mollusca.
Explanation:
(i looked it up on britannica if you have any questions.) Mollusk, also spelled mollusc, any soft-bodied invertebrate of the phylum Mollusca, usually wholly or partly enclosed in a calcium carbonate shell secreted by a soft mantle covering the body.
The anadromous stickleback fish that made their was from the ocean to the lake had what type of protection from predators in the ocean?
A. Lots of spikes
B. They had full armored plates along their sides
C. Only A
D. Both A and B
Explanation:
D. Both A and B
The anandromous stickleback fish has a protective armour in the form of lots of spikes and full armoured side plates. Whenever chased by a predator it spreads its plates and spine . As a result , the predator could not swallow it or tears its jaw injuring itself.