All of the following equations are statements of the ideal gas law except

a. P = nRTV
b. PV/T = nR
c. P/n = RT/v
d. R = PV/nT

Answer:

C

Explanation: a is incorrect since the lower the ph = more acidic and b is incorrect because it produces hydronium ion and d I’m not sure what it is but I no that base recieve the protons

C. decreases by 2

The mass number decreases by 4, and the atomic number decreases by 2

Final answer:

The atomic number of a nuclide decreases by 2 during alpha decay due to the emission of an alpha particle, which consists of two protons and two neutrons.

Explanation:

The atomic number of a nuclide that undergoes alpha decay decreases by 2. Alpha decay is a nuclear reaction where an unstable atom emits an alpha particle, which consists of two protons and two neutrons (the same as a helium-4 nucleus). Because two protons are lost, the atomic number decreases by two.

At the same time, because a total of four nucleons (two protons and two neutrons) are lost, the mass number of the atom decreases by four.

apply Boyle's law

Boyle's Law, an ideal gas law which states that the volume of an ideal gas is inversely proportional to its absolute pressure at a constant temperature

V = 1/P

PV = 1

PV= constant

let 15L = V1 and 125kPa = P1

9L =V2 and P2 = ?

Now from Boyle's law

P1V1 = P2V2

Substitute the values

15L * 125kPa = 29 * P2

P2 = 64.65kPa

convert Pascal's into atm

1 pascal =

9.869 × 10-6 atmosphere

P2 = 64.65 *10^3 *9.869 × 10-6 (kPa is kilo Pascal's)

Answer:A. Both animals and plants have changed over time.

Explanation:

Because plants and animals go through adaptations.

Answer: A. Both animals and plants have changed over time.

Explanation: study island

The Tyndall Effect is the effect of light scattering in colloidal dispersion, while showing no light in a true solution. This effect is used to determine whether a mixture is a true solution or a colloid.

The Tyndall Effect in chemistry refers to the scattering of light by particles in a colloid or very fine suspension, making the mixture appear cloudy or opaque. It is used to differentiate between solutions and colloids, and plays a significant role in light scattering phenomena and microscopy.

The Tyndall effect is a phenomenon associated with the scattering of light by particles in a colloid or in a very fine suspension. It can be used to differentiate between solutions and colloids as the particles in a colloid are large enough to scatter light, making colloidal mixtures appear cloudy or opaque. For instance, clouds are colloidal mixtures composed of water droplets that are much larger than molecules, but that are small enough that they do not settle out.

Similar effects of light scattering are observed in other phenomena like thin-film interference seen in oil slicks or the varying colors in a soap bubble. In microscopy, contrast agents or stains are frequently used along with light sources to create sharp images of structures or organisms up to about 1000x magnification. These substances can also be differentiated on the basis of their light absorption or reflection properties owing to the Tyndall effect.

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Decreasing the activation energy needed for the reaction.

Miscible-liquids that dissolve freely in one another in any proportion

Miscible liquids, such as ethanol and water, can be mixed together in any proportion to form solutions. Miscibility is a unique property that facilitates the infinite mutual solubility of these liquids. This concept is different from solubility, which pertains to a solid's ability to dissolve in a liquid, and Henry's law, that relates to gaseous solutes.

The question pertains to liquids that can be mixed together in any proportions to form solutions. These liquids are referred to as miscible. Examples of such liquids include ethanol, sulfuric acid, and ethylene glycol, which are all miscible with water. Miscible liquids have infinite mutual solubility, meaning they can dissolve into each other in any ratio.

Miscibility is different from solubility, which refers to a solid's ability to dissolve in a liquid. In contrast, miscibility refers to the ability of two liquids to mix without separating into two stages. For instance, water and oil are considered immiscible because they cannot mix together and will instead separate into two layers.

Another important concept related to the behavior of solutions is Henry's law, which states that the concentration of a gaseous solute in a solution is proportional to the partial pressure of the gas to which the solution is exposed. This law, however, is more relevant when discussing solubilities for gaseous solutes.

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Answer:

D. I < III < II

Explanation:

π = iMRT.

where, π is the osmotic pressure.

i is van 't Hoff factor.

M is the molarity of the solution.

R is the general gas constant.

T is the temperature.

M, R and T are constant for all solutions.

So, the osmotic pressure depends on the van 't Hoff factor.

For C₂H₆O₂ (non-electrolyte solute): i = 1.

For MgCl₂: i = 3.

It dissociates to give (Mg²⁺ + 2Cl⁻).

For NaCl: i = 2.

It dissociates to give (Na⁺ + Cl⁻).

So, the solute that has the highest osmotic pressure is  II. 0.15 M MgCl₂, then III. 0.15 M NaCl, then I. 0.15 M C₂H₆O₂.

D. I < III < II.

D. I < III < II

Given:

(I). 0.15 M C₂H₆O₂

(II) 0.15 M MgCl₂

(III) 0.15 M NaCl

Question:

Place the following solutions in order of increasing osmotic pressure assuming the complete dissociation of ionic compounds.

The Process:

The osmotic pressure of a nonelectrolyte solution is calculated as follows:

[tex]\boxed{ \ \pi = MRT \ }[/tex]

The osmotic pressure of an electrolyte solution is calculated as follows:

[tex]\boxed{ \ \pi = MRTi \ }[/tex]  

The van't Hoff factor is i = 1 + (n - 1)α, with  

In our problem, assuming the complete dissociation of ionic compounds results in α = 100% and i = n.

From the information above, each type of solution can be prepared as follows:

Now we compare the amount of osmotic pressure from each solution.

From the previous results, it can be observed that 0.15 M MgCl₂ delivers the most considerable osmotic pressure while 0.15 M C₂H₆O₂ has the smallest.

Thus, the rank of the solutions according to their respective osmotic pressures in increasing orders is 0.15 M C₂H₆O₂ < 0.15 M NaCl < 0.15 M MgCl₂.

- - - - - - - - - -

Notes:

0.131 mol of carbon dioxide gas, [tex]CO_2[/tex], are there in 2.94 L of this gas at STP.

The ideal gas equation, pV = nRT, is an equation used to calculate either the pressure, volume, temperature or number of moles of a gas.

We use the formula PV=nRT. The conditions STP are 1 atm of pressure and 273K of temperature:

PV=nRT

n=[tex]\frac{PV}{RT}[/tex]

n =  [tex]\frac{1 atm\; X \;2.94 L}{0,082 l atm/K mol X 273K}[/tex]

n=0.131 mol

Hence, 0.131 mol of carbon dioxide gas, [tex]CO_2[/tex], are there in 2.94 L of this gas at STP.

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Explanation:

Lewis dot structure is the representation of the valence electrons around the atom of an element. it also shows the number of unpaired electrons present in a molecule.

Nitrogen has atomic number of 7 and electronic configuration is given as:

[tex][N]=1s^22s^22p^3[/tex]

Fluorine has atomic number of 9 and electronic configuration is given as:

[tex][F]=1s^22s^22p^9[/tex]

Since fluorine is highly electronegative atom.will attract electrons of nitrogen towards itself.So in Lewis dot structure the fluorine atom will present around single nitrogen atom.

The Lewis structure is given in an image attached.

Using Lewis dot symbols, nitrogen forms three covalent bonds with fluorine atoms to create a molecule where each achieves an octet. Nitrogen shares its three unpaired electrons with each fluorine's unpaired electron, resulting in nitrogen trifluoride (NF3) with all atoms following the octet rule.

Using Lewis dot symbols, we can visualize the sharing of electrons between a nitrogen atom and fluorine atoms to form a molecule where each atom achieves an octet of electrons. Nitrogen, being a Group 15 element, has five valence electrons: one lone pair and three unpaired electrons. The Lewis dot symbol for nitrogen is represented as 'N' with three dots surrounding it, each representing one unpaired valence electron and a pair of dots for the lone pair.

Fluorine is a Group 17 element and has seven valence electrons: three lone pairs and one unpaired electron. Its Lewis dot symbol is 'F' with three pairs of dots and one single dot.

To form a stable compound, nitrogen shares its three unpaired electrons with three fluorine atoms, each of which contributes an unpaired electron of its own. Consequently, nitrogen forms three single covalent bonds with three fluorine atoms. Each fluorine atom in the molecule will have three lone pairs of electrons in addition to the shared electron pair, satisfying the octet rule.

The resulting compound, nitrogen trifluoride (NF3), has a Lewis structure symbolized as:

:F:
  |
N
  |
:F:

With the nitrogen atom in the center sharing a pair of electrons with each of the three fluorine atoms and each fluorine atom having three lone pairs, all atoms satisfy the octet rule, with nitrogen having its octet by sharing three pairs of electrons and each fluorine by having three lone pairs and one shared pair.

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Answer:

Alkene.

Explanation:

C₂H₄ is the formula of ethene.

C forms four bonds.

Its structure is: CH₂=CH₂.

The bond between the two carbon atoms is double bond.

When the hydrocarbon contains a double bond, it is classified as an alkene.

Answer

Light

Explanation:

The gamma emission is an electromagnetic radiation, this kind of radiation come from the light.  

In gamma ray emission, a gamma ray is photon of light. Given that light does not have mass or charge, the symbol we use to identify it is: 00γ. With two zeroes.

Answer:

electromagnetic radiation

Explanation:

Answer:

Final pH of the solution: 2.79.

Explanation:

What's in the solution after mixing?

[tex]\displaystyle c = \frac{n}{V}[/tex],

where

[tex]V(\text{Final}) = 0.050 \;\textbf{L} + 0.050\;\textbf{L} = 0.100\;\textbf{L}[/tex].

Acetic (ethanoic) acid:

[tex]\displaystyle \begin{aligned}n &= c(\text{Before})\cdot V(\text{Before}) \\&= 0.050\;\text{L} \times 0.200\;\text{mol}\cdot\text{L}^{-1}\\ &= 0.0100\;\text{mol}\end{aligned}[/tex].

[tex]\displaystyle \begin{aligned}c(\text{After}) &= \frac{n}{V(\text{After})}\\ &= \frac{0.0100\;\text{mol}}{0.100\;\text{L}}\\ &= 0.100\;\text{mol}\cdot\textbf{L}^{-1}\\ &= 0.100\;\text{M}\end{aligned}[/tex].

Hydrochloric acid HCl:

[tex]\begin{aligned}n &= c(\text{Before})\cdot V(\text{Before})\\ &= 0.050\;\text{L} \times 1.00\times 10^{-3}\;\text{mol}\cdot\text{L}^{-1}\\ &= 5.00\times 10^{-5}\;\text{mol}\end{aligned}[/tex].

[tex]\displaystyle \begin{aligned}c(\text{After}) &= \frac{n}{V(\text{After})}\\ &= \frac{5.00\times 10^{-5}\;\text{mol}}{0.100\;\text{L}}\\ &= 5.00\times 10^{-4}\;\text{mol}\cdot\textbf{L}^{-1}\\ &= 5.00\times 10^{-4}\;\text{M}\end{aligned}[/tex].

HCl is a strong acid. It will completely dissociate in water to produce H⁺. The H⁺ concentration in the solution before acetic acid dissociates shall also be [tex]5.00\times 10^{-4}\;\text{M}[/tex].

The Ka value of acetic acid is considerably small. Acetic acid is a weak acid and will dissociate only partially when dissolved. Construct a RICE table to predict the portion of acetic acid that will dissociate. Let the change in acetic acid concentration be [tex]-x\;\text{M}[/tex]. [tex]x > 0[/tex].

[tex]\begin{array}{c|ccccc}\textbf{R}&\text{CH}_3\text{COOH}\;(aq) &\rightleftharpoons &\text{CH}_3\text{COO}^{-}\;(aq) &+& \text{H}^{+}\;(aq)\\\textbf{I}&0.100\;\text{M} & & & & 5.00\times 10^{-4}\;\text{M}\\\textbf{C}&-x\;\text{M} & & +x\;\text{M} & & +x\;\text{M} \\ \textbf{E}&0.100\;\text{M}-x\;\text{M} & & x\;\text{M} & & 5.00\times 10^{-4}\;\text{M} + x\;\text{M}\end{array}[/tex].

[tex]\displaystyle K_a = \frac{[\text{CH}_3\text{COO}^{-}\;(aq)]\cdot[\text{H}^{+}\;(aq)]}{[\text{CH}_3\text{COOH}\;(aq)]} = \frac{x\cdot(x + 5.00\times 10^{-4})}{0.100 - x}[/tex].

Rewrite as a quadratic equation and solve for [tex]x[/tex]:

[tex]x\cdot(x + 5.00\times 10^{-4}) = (1.8\times 10^{-5} )\cdot (0.100 - x)[/tex]

[tex]x\approx 0.00111[/tex].

The pH of a solution depends on its H⁺ concentration.

At equilibrium

[tex][\text{H}^{+}\;(aq)] = 5.00\times 10^{-4}\;\text{M} + x\;\text{M} = 0.00161\;\text{M}[/tex].

[tex]\text{pH} = -\log{[\text{H}^{+}]} = 2.79[/tex].

To calculate the pH of the given solution, we first use the ICE approach and Henderson-Hasselbalch equation to determine the initial pH. After adding HCL, HCL ionizes to increase the hydronium ion concentration. The pH of solutions with excess titrant is determined mostly by the amount of excess strong base.

To calculate the pH of the solution containing 50.0 ml of 0.200 m acetic acid and 50.0 ml of 1.00 x 10-3m hcl, we can use the ICE (Initial - Change - Equilibrium) approach and the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. Initially, we determine the hydronium ion concentration [H3O+] using the expression: [H3O+] = √(Ka × [CH3CO₂H]). Substituting known values, [H3O+] = √(1.8 × 10-5 × 0.100).

Following that, we can find the initial pH, which is -log([H3O+]). After HCL is added, since HCL is a strong acid, it will further ionize, increasing the [H3O+].

Furthermore, in cases where excess titrant is used, the solution pH is determined mainly by the amount of excess strong base. For instance, if the titrant volume is 37.50 mL, which represents a stoichiometric excess of titrant, and the reaction solution contains both the titration product, acetate ion, and the excess strong titrant, we calculate [OH-] and use that to find pOH and then pH.

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Answer:

C

Explanation:

it only bonded with one other molecule carbon/ oxgen=carbon dioxide

b. CH3CH3(Ethane) is the only molecule in the following that has only single bonds.

Chemical bonds are defined as the connection between two atoms or the strong force of attraction that is binding the two atoms which are the result of sharing of electrons.

Hence option a. is the right option.

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A titration is a precision technique utilized in chemistry to identify the concentration of an unknown solution by neutralizing it with a reactant of known concentration, using an indicator or pH meter to detect the endpoint.

A titration is a quantitative chemical analysis method used to determine the concentration of an unknown solution. During a titration, a reactant solution of known concentration is added to a sample containing the analyte. The volume required to completely neutralize the analyte is measured, indicating the endpoint of the titration.

In the case of an acid-base reaction, when the weak acid HA reacts with the strong base OH⁻, the products formed are A− and water (H₂O).

An indicator or pH meter is employed to detect the point at which equivalent amounts of acid and base have reacted, signifying that the reaction has reached neutrality. This stoichiometric point allows the concentration of the second reactant to be calculated.

Answer:

[tex]\boxed{\text{190 g}}[/tex]

Explanation:

We know we will need a balanced equation with masses, moles, and molar masses, so let’s gather all the information in one place.

M_r:                                          44.01  

                 2C₆H₁₀ + 17O₂ ⟶  12CO₂ + 10H₂O

n/mol:                         6

1. Use the molar ratio of CO₂:O₂ to calculate the moles of CO₂.

[tex]\text{Moles of CO$_{2}$ = 6 mol O$_{2}$}  \times \dfrac{\text{12 mol CO$_{2}$}}{\text{17 mol O$_{2}$}} =\text{4.24 mol CO$_{2}$}[/tex]

2. Use the molar mass of CO₂ to calculate the mass of CO₂.

[tex]\text{Mass of CO$_{2}$ = 4.24 mol CO$_{2}$} \times \dfrac{\text{44.01 g CO$_{2}$}}{\text{1 mol CO$_{2}$}} = \text{190 g CO$_{2}$}\\\\\text{The reaction will produce }\boxed{\textbf{190 g}}\text{of CO}_{2}[/tex]

Answer:

Na.

Explanation:

2Na + S → Na₂S.

Na is oxidized to Na⁺ in (Na₂S) (loses 1 electron). "reducing agent".

S is reduced to S²⁻ in (Na₂S) (gains 2 electrons). "oxidizing agent".

Answer:

ye its b

Explanation:

Air resistance highly depends on the velocity of a moving object. It also depends on other factors like the object's shape, size, and the fluid's density. Among the given options, velocity is the most accurate answer.

Air resistance, often termed as drag in physics, is the force that opposes an object's motion through a fluid (either gas or liquid). The statement 'Air resistance depends upon _____.' pertains to the factors affecting the magnitude of air resistance that an object experiences. Most accurately, air resistance depends on the velocity of a moving object (Option B). This relationship is particularly evident in larger velocities, where the air resistance can increase exponentially.

Additionally, air resistance is also affected by factors such as the shape and size of the object, and the density of the fluid (air in this case). For example, a smoothly shaped, small object experiences less air resistance compared to a larger or irregularly shaped object at the same velocity.

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Answer:

Ne

Explanation:

Answer: The correct answer is Beryllium.

Explanation:

Ionization energy is defined as the energy required to remove valence electron from an isolated gaseous atom. It is expressed as [tex]E_i[/tex]

[tex]X(g)\rightarrow X^{n+}(g)+ne^-[/tex]

Energy required for a stable molecule (having fully filled and half filled electronic configuration)

The electronic configuration for the elements given are:

1. Be : [tex]1s^22s^2[/tex]

This element will have the highest ionization energy because this element has stable electronic configuration and electrons present in '2s' orbital is near to the nucleus. So, to remove this electron, we need a huge amount of energy.

2. B : [tex]1s^22s^22p^1[/tex]

This element does not have stable electronic configuration. So, this will not have highest ionization energy.

3. Ne : [tex]1s^22s^22p^6[/tex]

As, this element has stable electronic configuration but the valence electron is far from the nucleus and does not require a huge amount of energy to remove it. So, this will not have highest ionization energy.

4. O : [tex]1s^22s^22p^4[/tex]

This element does not have stable electronic configuration. So, this will not have highest ionization energy.

From the above information, we can conclude that the Beryllium has the highest ionization energy.

The final temperature of a 68 gram sample of sodium initially at 42°C, after 1840 joules of heat energy are applied, can be calculated using the formula for specific heat capacity. The final temperature results in approximately 63.73°C.

Your question involves the concept of specific heat in physics. The specific heat of a substance is the energy required to change the temperature of 1 gram of the substance by 1 degree Celsius. For sodium, this is approximately 1.23 J/g°C.

Given a 68 g sample of sodium, the initial temperature of 42°C, and energy applied of 1840 J, we are looking to find the final temperature. We use the formula q = mcΔT, where q is the heat energy, m is the mass, c is the specific heat capacity, and ΔT is the change in temperature.

First, rearrange the formula to find ΔT: ΔT = q / (mc). Then, substitute the given values: ΔT = 1840 J / (68 g * 1.23 J/g°C) = approximately 21.73°C. To find the final temperature, add this change in temperature to the initial temperature: 42°C + 21.73°C = 63.73°C. Hence, the final temperature of the sodium, after 1840 joules of heat are applied, is approximately 63.73°C.

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The question involves using the specific heat capacity formula to calculate the final temperature of a sodium sample. By rearranging the formula and inserting the given values, we can calculate the final temperature.

The question involves the concept of specific heat capacity, which in physics, is the amount of heat required to change the temperature of a substance. In this case, we are dealing with sodium and we are given the initial temperature, the mass of the sample, and the amount of heat applied.

First, we need to know the specific heat capacity of sodium, which is different from water used in these examples. For sodium, the specific heat capacity is approximately 1.23 J/g°C. The relevant formula to use is q=mcΔT, where 'q' is heat energy, 'm' is mass, 'c' is specific heat capacity, and 'ΔT' is change in temperature (final-initial).

By rearranging the formula to solve for the final temperature, we obtain ΔT = q/(mc), and thus the final temperature is calculated as: final temperature = initial temperature + ΔT. Inserting the given values: ΔT = 1840 J / (68 g * 1.23 J/g°C), will give us the temperature rise, and by adding the initial temperature we can find the final temperature of the sodium.

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Answer:

this

Explanation:

a prefix meaning “with,” “together,” “in association,” and (with intensive force) “completely,” occurring in loanwords from Latin ( commit ): used in the formation of compound words before b, p, m: combine; compare; commingle.

In chemistry, the 'cis-' prefix indicates that two substituents are positioned on the same side of a double bond or ring structure, significantly impacting the compound's properties, as seen with cis-platin in cancer treatment.

In chemistry, the prefix cis- refers to molecules where two substituents are on the same side of a double bond or a ring structure. Cis/trans isomerism is an important concept where the arrangement of atoms can greatly affect the physical and biological properties of a compound. For instance, in cycloalkanes, a cis configuration has both groups oriented in the same direction, which is different from the trans configuration where groups are on opposite sides. An example of this significance in biology is the drug cis-platin, which is used in the treatment of ovarian and testicular cancers due to its ability to bind to DNA and inhibit replication.

Additionally, cis/trans isomerism can also be referred to as Z/E isomerism based on Cahn, Ingold, and Prelog's priority rules. While both cis and trans compounds share similar qualities, their different spatial arrangements result in distinct characteristics.

Answer:

Explanation:

The skeleton equation shows which reactants are being used and which products are being formed.

The reactants are shown on the left and the products are shown on the right side of the equations, separeted by an arrow.

For example, the skeleton equation to obtain water is:

From it you know that hydrogen and oxygen react to form water, yet you do not know in which ratio they do it.

Then, you balance the equation, adding the appropiate coefficients, to make the number of atoms of each kind on the reactant side equal to the number of the same kind of atoms on the product side.

This is, for the example of water, the number of hydrogen atoms on  the left must equal the number of atoms of hygrogen on the right side, and  the number of oxygen atoms of the left must equal the number of oxygen atoms on the right.

For the water example that is:

Answer:

Explanation:

Here are the ones I'm certain of.

10, Transfer of electrons occurs in NaCl. That's another way of saying that the bond is ionic.

12. What is a polar molecule. The two hydrogens are + and the Oxygen is minus.

9. Contains just one sigma bond. H2 is made up of only 1 bond type. I'd pick this, but It's not certain.

=============

The one I'm uncertain of is 11. I'd pick E but it is a pure guess. The only other  choice is CO2 but I don't think CO2 is that way. You'll have to enter the answers to find out which is which.

Answer:

c.) increase the concentration of one of the solutions

Explanation:

Answer:

A. 29.9

Explanation:

Average atomic mass of P = ∑(Isotope mass)(its abundance)

∴ Average atomic mass of P = (P-29 mass)(its abundance) + (P-30 mass)(its abundance) + (P-31 mass)(its abundance) + (P-33 mass)(its abundance)

Abundance of isotope = % of the isotope / 100.

∴ Average atomic mass of P = (29)(0.327) + (30)(0.4803) + (31)(0.184) + (33)(0.0087) = 29.88 a.m.u ≅ 29.9 a.m.u.

So, the right choice is: A. 29.9

in absence of oxygen.

i have resd about in my biology textbook.

sorry i kniw this much

It’s CO2

Carbon dioxide

The molar concentration of [H3O+] in a cola with a pH of 3.120 is approximately 7.92 x 10^(-4) M.

The molar concentration of [H3O+] in a cola with a pH of 3.120 can be determined using the equation:

pH = -log[H3O+]

First, we need to convert the pH to a hydronium ion concentration. Using the given pH of 3.120, we can rearrange the equation and solve for [H3O+]:

[H3O+] = 10^(-pH)

Plugging in the pH value, we get:

[H3O+] = 10^(-3.120)

Calculating this, we find that the molar concentration of [H3O+] in the cola is approximately 7.92 x 10^(-4) M.

This is known as photochemistry

Answer:

4 outer atoms, 2 lone pairs

Explanation:

A square planar molecular structure has four outer atoms bonded to the central atom, and two lone pairs of electrons on opposite sides of the central atom, contributing to the square planar shape.

A molecule with a square planar shape essentially has an octahedral electron-pair geometry, but with two lone electron pairs on opposite sides of the central atom. By occupying these positions, the lone pairs minimize repulsions with other atoms and lone pairs around the central atom. As a result, the molecule appears square planar.

In this case, there are four outer atoms bounded to the central atom, without any additional lone pairs on them. The molecule, therefore, also has two lone pairs on opposite sides (180° apart) of the central atom, hence appearing square planar. These two lone pairs are considered when describing the electron-pair geometry, but not when we describe the molecular structure, which focuses on the position of atoms rather than electron pairs.

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