A localized electron has been polarized so that its spin is oriented in the positive z- direction. It is now subject to the application of a constant uniform magnetic field B = Bî along x over a period of time of duration T. After that, it is subject to the application of another magnetic field of the same magnitude B but along y: B2 = Bý, also with duration T. (a) What is the probability P that the spin-flip would occur as a result? That is, what is the probability that the spin of the electron would be found oriented in the negative z-direction after the application of the magnetic fields is over? (b) Is it possible to find such duration that the spin-flip would occur with certainty: P = 1? If yes, what would be that time r?

Answers

Answer 1

Answer: The answer is attached

Explanation:

A Localized Electron Has Been Polarized So That Its Spin Is Oriented In The Positive Z- Direction. It
A Localized Electron Has Been Polarized So That Its Spin Is Oriented In The Positive Z- Direction. It
Answer 2

Final answer:

In quantum mechanics, the probability of a spin-flip and the potential for achieving a spin flip with certainty are explored through the application of magnetic fields in different directions.

Explanation:

P(a): The probability that the spin-flip would occur can be calculated using quantum mechanics. When applying magnetic fields B along x and y, the probability of finding the spin of the electron oriented in the negative z-direction after is over is determined by the transition probabilities.

P(b): The time to ensure a spin flip with certainty (P = 1) can be calculated by adjusting the duration of the magnetic field application. By manipulating the duration, the spin can be controlled to achieve a certain outcome at a specific time.


Related Questions

An electron beam in an oscilloscope is deflected by the electric field produced by oppositely charged metal plates. If the electric field between the plates is 2.07 x 105 N/C directed downward, what is the force on each electron when it passes between the plates?

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

Given

Electric Field Strength [tex]E_0=2.07\times 10^5\ N/C[/tex]

Charge on electron [tex]q=1.6\times 10^{-19}\ C[/tex]

Force on any charged particle in an Electric field is given by

[tex]Force=charge\ on\ electron\times Electric\ Field\ strength [/tex]

[tex]F=1.6\times 10^{-19}\times 2.07\times 10^5[/tex]

[tex]F=3.312\times 10^{-14}\ N[/tex]

as the electric field is pointing downward therefore force will be acting downward on a positively charged particle but opposite for an electron i.e. in upward direction                                                  

A roofing tile slides down a roof and falls off the roof edge 10 m above the ground at a speed of 6 m/s. The roof makes an angle of 30 degrees to the horizontal. How far from the exit point on the roof does the tile land?

Answers

Final answer:

The roofing tile will land around 3.1 meters away from the roof edge. This is found by using equations of motion and breaking the problem into vertical and horizontal components.

Explanation:

To solve this, we can break the problem down into two dimensions (horizontal and vertical) and use equations of motion. On the vertical, the roofing tile starts off 10 m above the ground, and falls under acceleration due to gravity. On the horizontal, the tile leaves the roof edge with a horizontal speed of 6 m/s * cos(30), and continues with this speed (since there's no horizontal acceleration).

The time it takes the tile to hit the ground can be found using the equation y = v(initial)*t - 0.5*g*t^2. Assuming upward is positive and taking the initial velocity on the vertical as 6 m/s * sin(30), y = -10 m, v(initial) = 3 m/s and g = 9.8 m/s^2, we can solve for t to get approximately 0.598 seconds.

The distance from the exit point on the roof can be found by multiplying the horizontal speed 5.2 m/s (6 m/s * cos(30)) by the time (0.598 sec) to get approximately 3.1 m.

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A football player runs the pattern given in the drawing by the three displacement vectors , , and . The magnitudes of these vectors are A = 4.00 m, B = 13.0 m, and C = 19.0 m. Using the component method, find the (a) magnitude and (b)direction of the resultant vector + + . Take to be a positive angle.

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

check the attached for the solution

If an aircraft is loaded 90 pounds over maximum certificated gross weight and fuel (gasoline) is drained to bring the aircraft weight within limits, how much fuel should be drained?

Answers

Answer:

15 gallons.

Gallons = (Pounds) ÷ (Pounds ÷ Gallons)

Explanation:

To bring an aircraft's weight under the maximum certificated gross weight by 90 pounds, 15 gallons of gasoline should be drained.

If an aircraft is loaded with 90 pounds over the maximum certificated gross weight and needs to be brought within the weight limit by draining fuel, we need to calculate how much fuel, in pounds, should be drained. Gasoline's weight can vary slightly with temperature, but for general aviation purposes, it's usually taken to be about 6 pounds per gallon.

Hence, to remove 90 pounds of weight, the amount of fuel that should be drained would be 90 divided by 6.
Performing the calculation, 15 gallons of fuel should be drained to remove 90 pounds of weight from the aircraft and bring it back to or below the maximum certificated gross weight.

An object moves in a circle of radius R at constant speed with a period T. If you want to change only the period in order to cut the object's acceleration in half, the new period should be A) Th/2 B) 7V2. C) T/4. D) 4T E) TI2

Answers

Answer: Option (B) is the correct answer.

Explanation:

Expression for centripetal acceleration is as follows.

                a = [tex]r \omega^{2}[/tex] .......... (1)

Also, we know that

             [tex]\omega = \frac{2 \pi}{T}[/tex] ........... (2)

Putting the value from equation (2) into equation (1) as follows.

             a = [tex]r (\frac{2 \pi}{T})^{2}[/tex]

                = [tex]r \frac{2 (\pi)^{2}}{4}[/tex]

As,       [tex]a \propto \frac{1}{T^{2}}[/tex]

               a = [tex]\frac{k}{T^{2}}[/tex]

or,              [tex]aT^{2} = k[/tex]

Now, we will reduce a to [tex]\frac{a}{2}[/tex]. So, new value of [tex]T^{2}[/tex] will be equal to [tex]2T^{2}[/tex].

Therefore, value of new period will be as follows.

           [tex]T' = \sqrt{2T^{2}}[/tex]

                      = [tex]\sqrt{2}T[/tex]

Thus, we can conclude that the new period is equal to [tex]T \sqrt{2}[/tex].

The new period should be [tex]T\sqrt{2}[/tex]

Calculation of new period:

The expression for centripetal acceleration should be [tex]a = r\omega^2[/tex]

Now

we know that [tex]w = 2\pi \div T[/tex]

Now here we put the values

[tex]a = r(2\pi\div T)^2\\\\= r (2(\pi)^2\div 4\\\\Since\ a \alpha \frac{1}{T^2}\\\\ aT^2 = K[/tex]

Now here we have to decrease to a by 2. So the new T value should be [tex]2T^2[/tex]

So, the new period should be

[tex]T = \sqrt{2T^2}\\\\ = \sqrt{2T}[/tex]

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A boy drags a wooden crate with a mass of 20 kg, a distance of 12 m, across a rough level floor at a constant speed of 1.5 m/s by pulling on the rope tied to the crate with a force of 50 N. The rope makes an angle of 25° with the horizontal.

a. What are the horizontal and vertical components of the applied force?

b. What is the magnitude of each of the forces? i) Applied Force ii) Weight ii) Normal Force iii) Frictional Force

c. How much work is done by each of the forces? i) WApplied Force ii) WWeight iii) WNormal Force iv) WFrictional Force

d. What is the total amount of work done on the object?

e. What is the coefficient of friction of the crate on the floor?

Answers

Answer:

A) Fx = 45.3N Fy = 21.1N

B) Fm = 45.3N R = 196N Ff = 35.4N

C) i) 0KJ ii) 11.5KJ iii) 11.5KJ iv) 0KJ

D) 23KJ

E) 0.047

Explanation:

a) Horizontal component of the force Fx = 50cos 25° = 45.3N

Vertical component = 50sin25° = 21.1N

b) Magnitude of the applied force = moving force Fm = Fx = 50cos25° =45.3N

Magnitude of the weight = mg = 20×9.8 = 196N

Magnitude of normal force which is the reaction is equal to the weight = mg = 20×9.8 = 196N

Frictional force = moving force = 50cos45° = 35.4N

c) since workdone = Force done × perpendicular distance in the direction of the force

- workdone on the moving force is 0Joules since it has no perpendicular distance

- workdone on weight is the weight × distance = (20×9.8)×12 = 11.5KJ

= work done on normal force = workdone by the weight = 11.5KJ

Workdone on the frictional force is is 0Joules since the force is along the horizontal (no perpendicular distance)

d) the total work done = work done by Applied Force +Weight + Normal Force + Frictional Force= 0+11.5+11.5 = 23KJ

e) the coefficient of friction = moving force / normal reaction = 45.3/196 = 0.047

Explanation:

A.

Horizontal component, Fy = F * cos(a)

= 50cos25

= 50 * 0.91

= 45.32 N

Vertical component,Fx = F * sin(a)

= 50sin25

= 50 * 0.42

= 21.13 N

B.

Applied force = 50 N

Weight,W = m * g

= 20 * 9.81

= 196.2 N

Normal force, N = W - Fx

= 200 - 21.13

= 179 N

Frictional force = Fy

= 45.32 N.

C.

Workdone by Normal and Weight forces are = 0, because they both act perpendicular to the movement.

Workdone by friction = Workdone by applied forces

= force * distance

= 12 * 45.32

= 543.84 J

D.

Total amount of work done on the crate = 0 (the movement with a constant speed).

E.

The coefficient of friction, u = Fy/(W - Fx)

= 45.5/(196.2 - 21.13)

= 0.26

Two manned satellites approaching one another at a relative speed of 0.150 m/s intend to dock. The first has a mass of 4.50 ✕ 103 kg, and the second a mass of 7.50 ✕ 103 kg. Assume that the positive direction is directed from the second satellite towards the first satellite. (a) Calculate the final velocity after docking, in the frame of reference in which the first satellite was originally at rest. Incorrect: Your answer is incorrect. m/s (b) What is the loss of kinetic energy in this inelastic collision? Incorrect: Your answer is incorrect. J (c) Repeat both parts, in the frame of reference in which the second satellite was originally at rest. final velocity Incorrect: Your answer is incorrect. Check the sign of your answer for velocity in part (c). m/s loss of kinetic energy Correct: Your answer is correct. J

Answers

a) Final velocity after docking: +0.094 m/s

b) Kinetic energy loss: 31.6 J

c) Final velocity after docking: -0.056 m/s

d) Kinetic energy loss: 31.6 J

Explanation:

a)

Since the system of two satellites is an isolated system, the total momentum is conserved. So we can write:

[tex]p_i = p_f[/tex]

Or

[tex]m_1 u_1 + m_2 u_2 = (m_1 + m_2)v[/tex]

where, in the reference frame in which the first satellite was originally at rest, we have:

[tex]m_1 = 4.50\cdot 10^3 kg[/tex] is the mass of the 1st satellite

[tex]m_2 = 7.50\cdot 10^3 kg[/tex] is the mass of the 2nd satellite

[tex]u_1 = 0[/tex] is the initial velocity of the 1st satellite

[tex]u_2 = +0.150 m/s[/tex] is the initial velocity of the 2nd satellite

v is their final velocity after docking

Solving for v,

[tex]v=\frac{m_2 u_2}{m_1 +m_2}=\frac{(7.50\cdot 10^3)(0.150)}{4.50\cdot 10^3 + 7.50\cdot 10^3}=0.0938 m/s[/tex]

b)

The initial kinetic energy of the system is just the kinetic energy of the 2nd satellite:

[tex]K_i = \frac{1}{2}m_2 u_2^2 = \frac{1}{2}(7.50\cdot 10^3)(0.150)^2=84.4 J[/tex]

The final kinetic energy of the two combined satellites is:

[tex]K_f = \frac{1}{2}(m_1 +m_2)v^2=\frac{1}{2}(4.50\cdot 10^3+7.50\cdot 10^3)(0.0938)^2=52.8 J[/tex]

Threfore, the loss in kinetic energy during the collision is:

[tex]\Delta K = K_f - K_i = 52.8 - 84.4=-31.6 J[/tex]

c)

In this case, we are in the reference  frame in which the second satellite is at rest. So, we have

[tex]u_2 = 0[/tex] (initial velocity of satellite 2 is zero)

[tex]u_1 = -0.150 m/s[/tex] (initial velocity of a satellite 1)

Therefore, by applying the equation of conservation of momentum,

[tex]m_1 u_1 + m_2 u_2 = (m_1 + m_2)v[/tex]

And solving for v,

[tex]v=\frac{m_1 u_1}{m_1 +m_2}=\frac{(4.50\cdot 10^3)(-0.150)}{4.50\cdot 10^3 + 7.50\cdot 10^3}=-0.0563 m/s[/tex]

d)

The initial kinetic energy of the system is just the kinetic energy of satellite 1, since satellite 2 is at rest:

[tex]K_i = \frac{1}{2}m_1 u_1^2 = \frac{1}{2}(4.50\cdot 10^3)(-0.150)^2=50.6 J[/tex]

The final kinetic energy of the system is the kinetic energy of the two combined satellites after docking:

[tex]K_f = \frac{1}{2}(m_1 + m_2)v^2=\frac{1}{2}(4.50\cdot 10^3+ 7.50\cdot 10^3)(-0.0563)^2=19.0 J[/tex]

Therefore, the kinetic energy lost in the collision is

[tex]\Delta K = K_f - K_i = 19.0 -50.6 = -31.6 J[/tex]

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What kind of line does Edward Hopper use in New York Movie to divide theatre space from lobby space?

Answers

Answer:

hard line, soft line

Explanation:

A horse pulls on an object with a force of 300 newtons and does 12,000 joules of work. How far was the object moved?

1. 40
2. 0.03
3. 5 ×10↑5
4. 10 ×10↑4

Answers

Answer:

1.

Explanation:

because 12,000 divided by 300 is 40 so its 40m

A small box of mass m1 is sitting on a board of mass m2 and length L. The board rests on a frictionless horizontal surface. The coefficient of static friction between the board and the box is μs. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the board and the box is, as usual, less than μs.

Throughout the problem, use g for the magnitude of the acceleration due to gravity. In the hints, use Ff for the magnitude of the friction force between the board and the box.

uploaded image

Find Fmin, the constant force with the least magnitude that must be applied to the board in order to pull the board out from under the the box (which will then fall off of the opposite end of the board).

Express your answer in terms of some or all of the variables mu_s, m_1, m_2, g, and L. Do not include F_f in your answer.

Answers

Answer: Fmin = (m₁ + m₂) μsg

Explanation:

To begin, we would first define the parameters given in the question.

Mass of the box = m₁

Mass of the board = m₂

We have a Frictionless surface given that Fr is acting as the frictional force between the box and the board.

from our definition of force, i.e. the the frictional force against friction experienced by the box, we have

Fr = m₁a ...................(1)

Also considering the force between the box and the board gives;

Fr = μsm₁g .................(2)

therefore equating both (1) and (2) we get

m₁a = μsm₁g

eliminating like terms we get

a = μsg

To solve for the minimum force Fmin  that must be applied to the board in order to pull the board out from under the box, we have

Fmin  = (m₁ + m₂) a  ...........(3)

where a = μsg, substituting gives

Fmin = (m₁ + m₂) μsg

cheers i hope this helps

The constant force with the least magnitude that must be applied to the board in order to pull the board out from under the the box is  [tex]\mu_{s} g({m_{1}+m_{2}})[/tex].

Given data:

The mass of small box is, [tex]m_{1}[/tex].

The mass of board is, [tex]m_{2}[/tex].

The length of board is, L.

The coefficient of static friction between the board and box is, [tex]\mu_{s}[/tex].

The linear force acting between the box and the board provides the necessary friction to box. Therefore,

[tex]F=F_{f}\\F=\mu_{s}m_{1}g\\m_{1} \times a = \mu_{s} \times m_{1}g\\a= \mu_{s} \times g[/tex]

a is the linear acceleration of board.

Then, the minimum force applied on the board is,

[tex]F_{min}=({m_{1}+m_{2}})a\\F_{min}=({m_{1}+m_{2}})(\mu_{s} \times g)\\F_{min}=\mu_{s} g({m_{1}+m_{2}})[/tex]

Thus, the constant force with the least magnitude that must be applied to the board in order to pull the board out from under the the box is

[tex]\mu_{s} g({m_{1}+m_{2}})[/tex].

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Compact fluorescent bulbs are much more efficient at producing light than are ordinary incandescent bulbs. They initially cost much more, but last far longer and use much less electricity. According to one study of these bulbs, a compact bulb that produces as much light as a 100 W incandescent bulb uses only 23.0 W of power. The compact bulb lasts 1.00×104 hours, on the average, and costs $ 12.0 , whereas the incandescent bulb costs only 76.0 ¢, but lasts just 750 hours. The study assumed that electricity cost 9.00 ¢ per kWh and that the bulbs were on for 4.0 h per day.

Answers

Answer:

The resistance is 626.0 Ω.

Explanation:

Given that,

Power of compact bulb= 100 W

Power of incandescent bulb = 23.0 W

Time [tex]t= 1.00\times10^{4}\ hours[/tex]

What is the resistance of a “100 W”fluorescent bulb? (Remember the actual rating is only 23W of powerfor a 120V circuit)

We need to calculate the resistance of the bulb

Using formula of power

[tex]P=\dfrac{V^2}{R}[/tex]

[tex]R=\dfrac{V^2}{P}[/tex]

Where, P = power

R = resistance

V = voltage

Put the value into the formula

[tex]R=\dfrac{120^2}{23}[/tex]

[tex]R=626.0\ \Omega[/tex]

Hence, The resistance is 626.0 Ω.

A racing car travels on a circular track of radius 158 m, moving with a constant linear speed of 19.1 m/s. Find its angular speed. Answer in units of rad/s.

Answers

Answer:

[tex]\omega=0.12\frac{rad}{s}[/tex]

Explanation:

In a uniform circular motion, since a complete revolution represents 2π radians, the angular velocity, which is defined as the angle rotated by a unit of time, is given by:

[tex]\omega=\frac{2\pi}{T}(1)[/tex]

Here T is the period, that is, the time taken to complete onee revolution:

[tex]T=\frac{2\pi r}{v}(2)[/tex]

Replacing (2) in (1):

[tex]\omega=\frac{2\pi}{\frac{2\pi r}{v}}=\frac{v}{r}\\\omega=\frac{19.1\frac{m}{s}}{158m}\\\omega=0.12\frac{rad}{s}[/tex]

The angular speed of the racing car is approximately 0.1208861 rad/s.

The angular speed of the racing car can be calculated using the formula that relates linear speed (v) to angular speed and the radius (r) of the circular path, which is:

[tex]\[ v = r \cdot \omega \][/tex]

Given that the linear speed (v) of the car is 19.1 m/s and the radius (r) of the circular track is 158 m, we can solve for the angular speed (Ï) as follows:

[tex]\[ \omega = \frac{v}{r} \][/tex]

[tex]\[ \omega = \frac{19.1 \text{ m/s}}{158 \text{ m}} \][/tex]

[tex]\[ \omega =\frac{19.1}{158} \text{ rad/s} \][/tex]

[tex]\[ \omega \ = 0.1208861 \text{ rad/s} \][/tex]

Therefore, the angular speed of the racing car is approximately 0.1208861 rad/s.

To express this in a more simplified fraction, we can write:

[tex]\[ \omega \ = \frac{19.1}{158} \text{ rad/s} \][/tex]

[tex]\[ \omega \ = \frac{191}{1580} \text{ rad/s} \][/tex]

[tex]\[ \omega \ = \frac{191}{1580} \times \frac{10}{10} \text{ rad/s} \][/tex]

[tex]\[ \omega \ = \frac{1910}{15800} \text{ rad/s} \][/tex]

[tex]\[ \omega \ = \frac{191}{1580} \text{ rad/s} \][/tex]

Since 191 and 1580 do not have any common factors other than 1, this fraction is already in its simplest form. Thus, the final answer for the angular speed of the racing car is:

[tex]\[ \ {0.1208861 \text{ rad/s}} \][/tex]

A closed Gaussian surface in the shape of a cube of edge length 1.9 m with one corner at x = 1 4.8 m, y = 1 3.9 m.
The cube lies in a region where the electric field vector is given by [tex]E = 3.4 \hat{i} + 4.4 y^2 \hat{j} + 3.0 \hat{k}[/tex] NC with y in meters.
What is the net charge contained by the cube?

Answers

Answer:

Net charge = 2.59nC

Explanation:

Gauss' Law states that the net electric flux is given by:

∮→E⋅→d/A = q enc/ϵ0

At this point, we have to solve the net electric flux through each side.

One corner is at (4.8, 3.9, 0).

The other corners are each 1.9m apart, so the other corners are at

(4.8, 5.8, 0), (6.7, 3.9, 0) and (6.7, 5.8, 0).

The other four corners are 1.9m away in the z-axis:

(4.8, 5.8, 2), (6.7, 3.9, 2) and (6.7, 5.8, 2).

Therefore, there are two planes (parallel to the x-z plane), one at

y = 3.9

and the other at

y = 5.8 which have a constant y-coordinate and are facing in the −^j and +^j respectively.

Area = 1.9m * 1.9m = 3.61m²

The flux through the first plane (area of 3.61m²) is given by:

E.A = (3.4i + 4.4 * 3.9²j + 3.0k) * (-3.61m²j) = -241.59564

The flux through the other plane is

E.A = (3.4i + 4.4 * 5.8²j + 3.0k)* (3.61m²j) = 534.33776

Now, for the other planes. There are no ^j components for the unit vectors for the area.

Therefore, even though they change in y-coordinate, those terms cancel out.

Therefore, for the planes with unit vector in the x-direction, we get:

E.A = (3.4i + 4.4y²j + 3.0k) * (1.9m * 1.9m) = ±12.274

And in the z-direction:

E.A = (3.4i + 4.4y²j + 3.0k) * (1.9m * 1.9m) = ±10.83

Now, when we sum all these fluxes together, the contribution from the x- and z-directions cancel out. Therefore, our net flux is:

-241.59564 + 534.33776 = 292.74212

Therefore, the enclosed charge is given by

q enc = ϵ0* (292.74212)

= 2.5856871136363E−9C

= 2.59E-9 nC--_- Approximated

= 2.59nC

Answer:

Q_enclosed = 1.576 nC

Explanation:

Given:

- The edge length of the cube L = 1.9 m

- One corner of the cube P_1 = ( 4.8 , 13.9 ) m

- The Electric Field vector is given by:

                             E = 3.4 i + 4.4*y^2 j + 3.0 k   N/C

Find:

What is the net charge contained by the cube?

Solution:

- The flux net Ф through faces parallel to y-z plane is:

                           net Ф_yz = E_x . A . cos (θ)

Where, E_x is the component of E with unit vector i.

            θ is the angle between normal vector dA and E.

Hence,

             net Ф_yz = 3.4 . 1.9^2 . cos (0) + 3.4 . 1.9^2 . cos (180)  

             net Ф_yz = 3.4 . 1.9^2  - 3.4 . 1.9^2 . cos (180)    

             net Ф_yz = 0.

- Similarly, The flux net Ф through faces parallel to x-y plane is:

                            net Ф_xy = E_z . A . cos (θ)

Where, E_z is the component of E with unit vector k.    

             net Ф_xy = 3 . 1.9^2 . cos (0) + 3 . 1.9^2 . cos (180)  

             net Ф_xy = 3 . 1.9^2  - 3 . 1.9^2 . cos (180)    

             net Ф_xy = 0                    

-The flux net Ф through faces parallel to x-z plane is:

                           net Ф_xz = E_y . A . cos (θ)

Where, E_y is the component of E with unit vector j.

             net Ф_xz = 4.4y_1^2 * 1.9^2 . cos (0) + 4.4y_2^2. 1.9^2 . cos (180)  

Where, The y coordinate for face 1 y_1 = 3.9 - 1.9 = 2, & face 2 y_2 = 3.9

             net Ф_xz = - 4.4*2^2*1.9^2 . cos (0) - 4.4*3.9^2. 1.9^2 . cos (180)

            net Ф_xz = -63.536 + 241.59564 = 178.0596 Nm^2/C      

- From gauss Law we have:

             Total net Ф_x,y,z = Q_enclosed / ∈_o

Where,

Q_enclosed is the charge contained in the cube

∈_o is the permittivity of free space = 8.85*10^-12

Hence,

             Total net Ф_x,y,z =  net Ф_xz +  net Ф_yz + net Ф_xy

             Total net Ф_x,y,z =  178.0596 + 0 + 0 = 178.0596 Nm^2/C  

We have,

             Q_enclosed = Total net Ф_x,y,z *  ∈_o

             Q_enclosed = 178.0596 *  8.85*10^-12

             Q_enclosed = 1.576 nC        

Two charges that are separated by one meter exert 1-N forces on each other. If the charges are pushed together so the separation is 25 centimeters, the force on each charge will be______

Answers

Final answer:

If the charges are pushed together so the separation is 25 centimeters, the force on each charge will be 16 N.

Explanation:

In electrostatics, the force between two charged particles is given by Coulomb's law. The formula to calculate the force is F = k * (q1 * q2) / r^2, where F is the force, k is the electrostatic constant, q1 and q2 are the charges of the particles, and r is the distance between them.

Using this formula, if the distance between the charges is decreased from 1 meter to 25 centimeters, the force on each charge will increase. The force is inversely proportional to the square of the distance, so when the distance is reduced to 0.25 meters (25 centimeters), the force will be 16 times stronger. Therefore, the force on each charge will be 16 N.

What is the energy per photon absorbed during the transition from n = 2 to n = 3 in the hydrogen atom?

Answers

Answer : The energy of one photon of hydrogen atom is, [tex]3.03\times 10^{-19}J[/tex]

Explanation :

First we have to calculate the wavelength of hydrogen atom.

Using Rydberg's Equation:

[tex]\frac{1}{\lambda}=R_H\left(\frac{1}{n_i^2}-\frac{1}{n_f^2} \right )[/tex]

Where,

[tex]\lambda[/tex] = Wavelength of radiation

[tex]R_H[/tex] = Rydberg's Constant  = 10973731.6 m⁻¹

[tex]n_f[/tex] = Higher energy level = 3

[tex]n_i[/tex]= Lower energy level = 2

Putting the values, in above equation, we get:

[tex]\frac{1}{\lambda}=(10973731.6)\left(\frac{1}{2^2}-\frac{1}{3^2} \right )[/tex]

[tex]\lambda=6.56\times 10^{-7}m[/tex]

Now we have to calculate the energy.

[tex]E=\frac{hc}{\lambda}[/tex]

where,

h = Planck's constant = [tex]6.626\times 10^{-34}Js[/tex]

c = speed of light = [tex]3\times 10^8m/s[/tex]

[tex]\lambda[/tex] = wavelength = [tex]6.56\times 10^{-7}m[/tex]

Putting the values, in this formula, we get:

[tex]E=\frac{(6.626\times 10^{-34}Js)\times (3\times 10^8m/s)}{6.56\times 10^{-7}m}[/tex]

[tex]E=3.03\times 10^{-19}J[/tex]

Therefore, the energy of one photon of hydrogen atom is, [tex]3.03\times 10^{-19}J[/tex]

What are constellations?

1. Apparent groupings of stars and planets visible on a given evening
2. Groups of galaxies gravitationally bound and close together in the sky
3. Groups of stars gravitationally bound and appearing close together in the sky
4. Groups of stars making an apparent pattern in the celestial sphere
5. Ancient story boards, useless to modern astronomers

Answers

Answer:

Option 4

Explanation:

A constellation can be defined as that region formed by the stars in such a way that the formation by the group of stars in that area appear to seem an imaginary pattern of some mythological creature, animal, god or some inanimate object formed apparently.

Thus in accordance with the above definition a constellation is a group of stars that forms some apparent pattern in the celestial sphere.

A tennis ball has a mass of 0.059 kg. A professional tennis player hits the ball hard enough to give it a speed of 41 m/s (about 92 miles per hour.) The ball moves toward the left, hits a wall and bounces straight back to the right with almost the same speed (41 m/s).
A) What is the average speed of the ball during the period from first contact with the wall to the moment the ball's speed is momentarily zero?
B) How much time elapses between first contact with the wall, and coming to a stop?
C) What is the magnitude of the average force exerted by the wall on the bal dring contact?
D) In contrast, what is the magnitude of the gravitational force of the Earth on the ball?

Answers

There is an omission of some sentences in the question which affects the answering of question B and C, so we will based the omission of the sentences on assumption in order to solve the question that falls under it.

NOTE: The omitted sentences are written in bold format

A tennis ball has a mass of 0.059 kg. A professional tennis player hits the ball hard enough to give it a speed of 41 m/s (about 92 miles per hour.) The ball moves toward the left, hits a wall and bounces straight back to the right with almost the same speed (41 m/s).

As indicated in the diagram below, high-speed photography shows that the ball is crushed about d = 2.0 cm at the instant when its speed is momentarily zero, before rebounding.

A) What is the average speed of the ball during the period from first contact with the wall to the moment the ball's speed is momentarily zero?

B) How much time elapses between first contact with the wall, and coming to a stop?

C) What is the magnitude of the average force exerted by the wall on the bal dring contact?

D) In contrast, what is the magnitude of the gravitational force of the Earth on the ball?

Answer:

a) [tex]V_{avg} = 20.5m/s[/tex]

b) 9.76 × 10⁻⁴s

c) 247.9 N

d) 5.8 N

Explanation:

Given  that;

Initial speed [tex](V_i)[/tex] = 0

Final speed [tex](V_f)[/tex] = 41 m/s

Distance (d) = 0.002

mass (m) = 0.059 kg

g = 9.8 m/s²

a)

The average speed of the ball can be calculated as;

[tex]V_{avg} = \frac{V_i+V_f}{2}[/tex]

[tex]V_{avg} = \frac{0+41}{2}[/tex]

[tex]V_{avg} = 20.5m/s[/tex]

b)

The time elapsed can be calculated by using the second equation of motion which is given as:

[tex]S=(\frac{V_i+V_f}{2})t[/tex]

If we make time (t) the subject of the formula; we have:

[tex](V_i+V_f)t=2S[/tex]

[tex]t= (\frac{2S}{V_I+V_f})[/tex]

[tex]=\frac{2(0.02)}{41+0}[/tex]

[tex]=\frac{0.04}{41}[/tex]

= 0.000976

=9.76 × 10⁻⁴s

c)

the magnitude of the average force (F) exerted by the wall on the bal dring contact can be determined using;

Force (F) = mass × acceleration

where acceleration [tex](a)= \frac{Vo}{t}[/tex]

[tex]\frac{41}{0.00976}[/tex]

acceleration (a) = 4200.82 m/s²

F = m × a

= 0.059 × 4200.82

= 247.85

≅ 247.9 N

d)

the magnitude of the gravitational force of the Earth on the ball

Force (F) = mass (m) × gravity (g)

= 0.059kg × 9.8 m/s²

= 5.782 N

≅ 5.8 N

Final answer:

The average speed of the tennis ball during contact with the wall is zero, and without the time of contact, we cannot determine the time elapsed or the average force exerted by the wall. However, the gravitational force on the ball is 0.5782 N.

Explanation:

The question relates to the change in momentum and the forces involved when a tennis ball bounces off a wall. Specifically, a tennis ball with a mass of 0.059 kg is hit at a speed of 41 m/s, bounces off a wall, and comes back at the same speed. To tackle the posed questions, it is essential to apply concepts from Newton's laws of motion and the conservation of momentum.

Part A

The average speed of the ball during contact is zero since the speed decreases uniformly from 41 m/s to zero.

Part B

Without the time of contact with the wall, this cannot be determined. Previous examples of collisions show time of contact can vary, so it must be provided to answer this part of the question.

Part C

To calculate the magnitude of the average force exerted by the wall on the ball, we would need the time of contact with the wall. Since it is not given, this cannot be calculated accurately.

Part D

The magnitude of the gravitational force of the Earth on the ball is calculated as the product of the mass of the ball and the acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m/s²), which is 0.059 kg * 9.8 m/s² = 0.5782 N.

A pair of oppositely charged parallel plates is separated by 5.38 mm. A potential difference of 623 V exists between the plates. What is the strength of the electric field between the plates? The fundamental charge is 1.602 × 10−19 . Answer in units of V/m.

Answers

Answer:

115799.256V/m

Explanation:

Given V = 623v, d = 5.38mm = 0.00538m

Strength of electric field E = V/d

E = 623/0.00538

= 115799.256V/m

A(n) _____ satellite system employs many satellites, each in an orbit at an altitude of less than 1,000 miles.

Answers

Answer:

The correct answer is a Low earth orbit.

Explanation:

A low earth orbit can be understood as an earth orbit with an altitude of 1,000 miles or less. It is a satellite sustem that employs many satelites, in fact, most man-made objects that are currently in outer-space are part of this low earth orbit. (LEO).

The most famous LEO satellite system is the one from planet earth. Almost every space flight that human beings have ever done are done in LEO, and every spacial station is located in this zone.

In conclusion, A low earth orbit satellite system employs many satellites, each in an orbit at an altitude of less than 1,000 miles.

Answer:A(n) low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite system employs many satellites, each in an orbit at an altitude of less than 1,000 miles.

Explanation:A low Earth orbit (LEO) is an Earth-centered orbit with an altitude of 2,000 km (1,200 mi) or less (approximately one-third of the radius of Earth), or with at least 11.25 periods per day (an orbital period of 128 minutes or less) and an eccentricity less than 0.25. Most of the manmade objects in outer space are in LEO.

There is a large variety of other sources that define LEO in terms of altitude. The altitude of an object in an elliptic orbit can vary significantly along the orbit. Even for circular orbits, the altitude above ground can vary by as much as 30 km (19 mi) (especially for polar orbits) due to the oblateness of Earth's spheroid figure and local topography

A baseball is hit at an initial speed of 40 m/s at an angle of 60° above the horizontal and reaches a maximum height of h meters. What would be the maximum height reached if it were hit at 80 m/s? a.) 2h b.) 4h c.) 6h d.) 8h

Answers

c) 6h i’m not that great at math but that’s what i got hope it helps!!

Answer:

b.) 4h

Explanation:

A riverboat took 2 h to travel 24km down a river with the current and 3 h to make the return trip against the current. Find the speed of the boat in still water and the speed of the current.

Answers

Speed of boat in still water = 10 km/hrSpeed of current of river = 2 km/hr

Explanation:

Let the speed of river be r and speed of boat be b.

Distance traveled = 24 km

Time taken to travel 24 km with current = 2 hr

We have

          Distance = Speed x Time

          24 = (b + r) x 2

          b + r = 12 --------------------eqn 1

Time taken to travel 24 km against current = 3 hr

We have

          Distance = Speed x Time

          24 = (b - r) x 3

          b - r = 8 --------------------eqn 2

eqn 1 + eqn 2

          2b = 20

            b = 10 km/hr

Substituting in eqn 1

            10 + r = 12

                     r = 2 km/hr

Speed of boat in still water = 10 km/hr

Speed of current of river = 2 km/hr

Final answer:

The speed of the boat in still water is 10 km/h and the speed of the current is 2 km/h. This is a solved by using a system of linear equations with speed of the boat and the current as variables.

Explanation:

This problem is a case for a system of linear equations. Let's denote the speed of the boat in still water as b km/h and the speed of the current as c km/h. When the boat travels down the river, the boat and the current speeds are added, because they move in the same direction. When the boat travels up the river, the speeds are subtracted, because they move in opposite directions.

So we have the following equations:

b + c = 24km/2h = 12 km/h (down the river)b - c = 24km/3h = 8 km/h (up the river)

The solution to this system of equations will give you the speed of the boat in still water and the speed of the current. Adding these two equations together, we get:

2b = 20 km/h

Therefore, b = 10 km/h, which is the speed of the boat in still water. Substitute b = 10 km/h into the first equation to find the speed of the current, c = 12 km/h - 10 km/h = 2 km/h.

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Charles is having a lot of problems with errors in a very complicated spreadsheet that he inherited from a colleague, and he turns to another co-worker, Seymour, for tips on how to trace errors in the sheet. If Charles sees which of the following, Seymour explains, there is a mistyped function name in the sheet.
a.#FORM?
b.#NAME?
c.#####
d.#FNCT?

Answers

Answer:

b.#NAME?

Explanation:

Remember, in Spreadsheet programs like Ms Excel several types of errors can occur such as value error.

However, since Seymour explains that there is a mistyped function name in the sheet it is more likely to display on the affected cell as #NAME?.

For example the function =SUM is wrongly spelled =SOM.

Therefore it is important to make sure the function name is spelled correctly.

A springboard diver leaps upward from the springboard, rises dramatically to a peak height, and than drops impressively into the water below the board. Neglect any influences of air or the atmosphere. During this trip, the diver experiences ________.

Answers

Answer:

a constant downward net force.

Explanation:

The diver experiences a constant downward net force because while on his was up he decelerates until he gets to his maximum height when the acceleration is zero, during this phase force is not constant. While on his way down neglecting influences of air or atmosphere he falls with a constant downward net acceleration hence his net downward force will be constant.

In order to ensure that a cable is not affected by electromagnetic interference, how far away should the cable be from fluorescent lighting?

Answers

Answer:

the answer is at least 3 feet

Explanation:

In order to ensure that a cable is not affected by electromagnetic interference, it should be at least 3 feet  away from fluorescent lighting.

This is because, cables can be adversely affected by electromagnetic interference - which is a disturbance that affects an electrical circuit due to either electromagnetic induction or radiation emitted from an external source - and insulation alone cannot provide adequate protection for these cables.

Therefore, the cables should be kept a few feet away from flourescent lighting in order to prevent this interference.

Final answer:

To minimize the EMI on a cable from fluorescent lighting, it should be kept at a distance of at least 2 feet or 0.6 meters. The distance can vary depending on the cable type, the electromagnetic field size and the data's sensitivity.

Explanation:

To minimize the electromagnetic interference (EMI) effect on a cable from fluorescent lighting, it is recommended to maintain a distance of at least 2 feet or 0.6 meters. This is because the fluorescent light produces a magnetic field that can interact with the cable and cause electromagnetic interference. The above mentioned distance is considered a safe threshold, yet it can vary depending on the type of cable, the strength of the electromagnetic field produced by the light and the sensitivity of the data being transmitted.

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A 3.42 kg mass hanging vertically from a spring on the Earth (where g = 9.8 m/s2) undergoes simple oscillatory motion. If the spring constant is 12 N/m, find the period of oscillation of this setup on the moon, where g = 1.6 m/s2.

Answers

Answer:

Time period of oscillation on moon will be equal to 3.347 sec

Explanation:

We have given mass which is attached to the spring m = 3.42 kg

Spring constant K = 12 N/m

We have to find the period of oscillation

Period of oscillation is equal to [tex]T=2\pi \sqrt{\frac{m}{K}}[/tex], here m is mass and K is spring constant

So period of oscillation [tex]T=2\times 3.14\times \sqrt{\frac{3.42}{12}}[/tex]

[tex]T=2\times 3.14\times 0.533=3.347sec[/tex]

So time period of oscillation will be equal to 3.347 sec

As it is a spring mass system and from the relation we can see that time period is independent of g

So time period will be same on earth and moon

A 2,000 kg car starts from rest and coasts down from the top of a 5.00 m long driveway that is sloped at an angel of 20o with the horizontal. If an average friction force of 4,000 N impedes the motion of the car, find the speed of the car at the bottom of the driveway.

Answers

Answer:

The speed at the bottom of the driveway is3.67m/s.

Explanation:

Height,h= 5sin20°= 1.71m

Potential energy PE=mgh= 2000×9.8×1.71

PE= 33516J

KE= PE- Fk ×d

0.5mv^2= 33516 - (4000×5)

0.5×2000v^2= 33516 - 20000

1000v^2= 13516

v^2= 13516/1000

v =sqrt 13.516

v =3.67m/s

One end of a horizontal rope is attached to a prong of an electrically driven tuning fork that vibrates at a frequency 129 Hz. The other end passes over a pulley and supports a mass of 1.50 kg. The linear mass density of the rope is 0.0590 kg/m. What is the speed of a transverse wave on the rope? What is the wavelength? How would your answers to parts (a) and (b) be changed if the mass were increased to 2.80 kg?

Answers

Answer:

(a). The speed of transverse wave on the rope is 15.78 m/s.

(b). The wavelength is 0.122 m.

(c). The changed speed of transverse wave on the rope is 21.56 m/s.

The changed wavelength is 0.167 m.

Explanation:

Given that,

Frequency = 129 Hz

mass = 1.50 kg

Linear mass density of the rope = 0.0590 kg/m

(a). We need to calculate the speed of a transverse wave on the rope

Using formula of speed

[tex]v=\sqrt{\dfrac{T}{\mu}}[/tex]

Put the value into the formula

[tex]v=\sqrt{\dfrac{1.50\times9.8}{0.0590}}[/tex]

[tex]v=15.78\ m/s[/tex]

(b). We need to calculate the wavelength

Using formula of wavelength

[tex]\lambda =\dfrac{v}{f}[/tex]

Put the value into the formula

[tex]\lambda=\dfrac{15.78}{129}[/tex]

[tex]\lambda=0.122\ m[/tex]

(c). If the mass were increased to 2.80 kg.

We need to calculate the speed of a transverse wave on the rope

Using formula of speed

[tex]v=\sqrt{\dfrac{T}{\mu}}[/tex]

Put the value into the formula

[tex]v=\sqrt{\dfrac{2.80\times9.8}{0.0590}}[/tex]

[tex]v=21.56\ m/s[/tex]

We need to calculate the wavelength

Using formula of wavelength

[tex]\lambda =\dfrac{v}{f}[/tex]

Put the value into the formula

[tex]\lambda=\dfrac{21.56}{129}[/tex]

[tex]\lambda=0.167\ m[/tex]

Hence, (a). The speed of transverse wave on the rope is 15.78 m/s.

(b). The wavelength is 0.122 m.

(c). The changed speed of transverse wave on the rope is 21.56 m/s.

The changed wavelength is 0.167 m.

Final answer:

The speed of the transverse wave on the rope is 2.48 m/s and the wavelength is 0.019 m. If the mass were increased to 2.80 kg, the speed of the wave would stay the same but the wavelength would be different.

Explanation:

To find the speed of a transverse wave on the rope, we can use the equation:

v = √(T/μ)

where v is the speed of the wave, T is the tension in the rope, and μ is the linear mass density of the rope. Plugging in the values given in the question, we get:

v = √(1.50 kg * 9.8 m/s^2 / 0.0590 kg/m) = 2.48 m/s

To find the wavelength of the wave, we can use the equation:

λ = v/f

where λ is the wavelength, v is the speed of the wave, and f is the frequency of the tuning fork. Plugging in the values given in the question, we get:

λ = 2.48 m/s / 129 Hz = 0.019 m

If the mass were increased to 2.80 kg, the speed of the wave on the rope would remain the same. However, the wavelength would be different because it is determined by the frequency of the tuning fork and the speed of the wave, not the mass of the hanging weight.

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A(n) _____ is a procedure for using ultrasonic sound waves to create a picture of an embryo or fetus.

Answers

Answer:

Sonogram

Explanation:

A sonogram is a medical diagnostic method that is commonly uses sound waves in order to generate images of any tissues, organs, or some other internal structures inside the human body. This sonogram does not use any kind of harmful radiations like the X-rays. These are sound waves of high frequencies.

This is widely used by doctors for health checkups. The other name for sonogram is ultrasound.

A cannonball is shot out of a long cannon and then a short cannon with the same amount of force. The short cannon cannonball has Group of answer choices
more mometum, velocity, and impulse.
more momentum only.
more impulse only.
less mometum.
more velocity only.

Answers

Answer:

The correct answer is less momentum.

Explanation:

The momentum of an object is directly linked to the force exerted on that object. In a longer barrel, the shot cannonball will have a greater impulse changing to occur a larger momentum and therefore a higher speed will be applied to the bullet, contrary to what would happen in a shorter barrel.

Final answer:

The cannonball shot from a short cannon does not have more momentum, velocity, or impulse by virtue of the cannon's length alone, since momentum and impulse depend on both the force applied and the time the force acts on the cannonball.

Explanation:

If a cannonball is shot from both a long and a short cannon with the same amount of force, we need to understand that force, momentum, and impulse are interrelated but distinct concepts in physics. The product of an object's mass and velocity is its momentum.

Impulse is the change in momentum, often calculated as force multiplied by the time the force is applied. Because the question states that the force is the same, the impulse given to the cannonball would be identical regardless of the cannon length, assuming the force is applied over the same time period.

However, a longer cannon might allow the cannonball more time to accelerate, potentially resulting in greater final velocity and therefore more momentum, since momentum is mass times velocity. Conversely, a shorter cannon may allow less time for the force to act, possibly resulting in a lower velocity and, by extension, less momentum.

Thus, the cannonball from the short cannon does not necessarily have more velocity only, as it depends on the time the force acts on the cannonball.

In summary, the answer choice would be that the short cannon cannonball does not categorically have more momentum, velocity, or impulse based solely on the length of the cannon.

What possible source of errors would be in this experiment besides human error and why?

Answers

Explanation:

Besides human error, other sources of error include friction on the cart (we assumed there is no friction, but in reality, that's never the case), and instrument errors (imprecision in the spring scale).

Final answer:

Besides human error, experiments can also encounter sampling errors, nonsampling errors, uncertainty factors, and spontaneous errors. These can be caused by an inaccurate sampling process, equipment malfunctions, variability in samples, and limitations in the measuring device.

Explanation:

Possible sources of error in an experiment, besides human error, could include sampling errors and non-sampling errors. Sampling errors occur when the sample utilized may not be large enough or not accurately representative of the larger population.

This can lead to inaccurate assumptions and conclusions. Non-sampling errors, on the other hand, are unrelated to the sampling process and could be a result of equipment or instrument malfunction (like a faulty counting device). An example for this would be an uncertainty in measurement induced by the fact that smallest division on a measurement ruler is 0.1 inches.

Further, variability in samples can also lead to errors called spontaneous errors. These can be due to natural phenomena such as exposure to ultraviolet or gamma radiation, or to intercalating agents. Lastly, uncertainty factors can contribute to errors as well. These factors include limitations of the measuring device, inaccuracies caused by the instrument itself (e.g., a paper cutting machine that causes one side of the paper to be longer than the other).

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