g Sally has apparently gone beyond the end of the standard probationary period without receiving a probationary evaluation. What can Donna do about this, and how might this affect Sally’s status?
Answer:
Donna is to first consult with the HR department to find out the reason behind the delay in not receiving the Sally's probationary evaluation form. If the reason is due to Sally, then Donna should discuss with Sally on that but it is an omission from HR, then they should regularize accordingly.
Explanation:
This is because HR department handles probationary evaluation based on the length of stay for the new staff and availability of receipt of all their required documentations. or it can also be a mere omission from the angle of HR. These are the reasons why the supervisor needs to liaise with the HR department to better information on what might be the delay and it would be handled on a need to know basis.
g Explain Locke's view that we can have knowledge of an external world despite our being directly aware only of sense data. Do you agree with him, or do you side with his critics who say that we can know only the contents of our minds?
Locke understood the world as an extension of our consciousness.
Explanation:
John Locke's beliefs about human consciousness and our understanding of the world that surrounds us is very influential in the development of western thought. He was a prime liberal thinker.
He is seen as the father of liberalism because he believed that humans have the innate ability to make sense of the world around them and to live in harmony in an egalitarian society by questioning their own knowledge that they have.
John Locke argued that while we are directly aware only of sense data, the external world's existence can be inferred through the consistent and predictable nature of our sensory experiences. Despite skepticism, Locke's empiricist view suggests that our experiences provide reliable knowledge of an external world beyond our subjective perceptions.
John Locke's view on our knowledge of the external world begins with the belief that our minds are a blank slate (“tabula rasa”) at birth, and that all our knowledge comes from experience. This experience is obtained through sensation and reflection, wherein our senses provide data from the external world, and our minds reflect on these sensations to form ideas. Locke distinguished between “primary” qualities, which exist independently of our perception (like shape and motion), and “secondary” qualities, which are dependent on our perception (like color and taste). He argued that even though we are directly aware only of our sense data, the consistency and predictability of these sensations allow us to infer the existence of an external world beyond our subjective experiences.
When the sound of the word is the aspect that cannot be retrieved, leaving only the feeling of knowing the word without the ability to pronounce it, this is known as __________.
Answer:
The tip of the tongue effect
Explanation:
When the sound of the word is the aspect that cannot be retrieved, leaving only the feeling of knowing the word without the ability to pronounce it, this is known as the tip of the tongue effect and this effects refers to the experience of feeling confident that one knows an answer, yet is unable to produce the word for example in conversation or writing, most people have had the occasional experience of trying, but failing to retrieve someone's name or a word from memory.
When children living in poverty compare themselves to their middle-school classmates, they become very susceptible to developing _____, which can trigger a downward spiral.
Answer:
Low self esteem refers to a situation in which a person suffers from lack of confidence and negative feelings.
Explanation:
Children usually feel low-self esteem, when they compare themselves with middle class, because of variety of problems that affects the mental health of the children. they start feeling awkward when compared with others. these children start hiding themselves away from social situations, stop trying new things, and avoid things you find challenging.
Sue was driving along and texting her new boyfriend, not paying attention to her surroundings. She came up to a stop sign and rather than stop, went right through it. Little Johnny was about to cross the street in front of Sue when he saw her driving fast so he hesitated and was not physically injured.
Sue committed a tort by running the stop sign even though no one was injured.
True or False?
Answer:
True
Explanation:
First what is a tort , a tort is a wrong act or an infringement leading to unlawful act. It is just a unlawful act.
Where sue got it wrong is ,she was texting her boyfriend while driving ,which is the first unlawful act she carried out,secondly she got to a stop sign which she was meant to stop, she didn't ,second unlawful act which according to the passage is the question if she committed a tort, yes she did commit a tort although little johnny was not injured physically.
Cesar credits his grandfather with being a model for his understanding of dogs, a clear case of_______BLANK. This type of relatively enduring change in behavior is more likely to occur if you are paying attention to the model; it can also lead to aggressive or prosocial behaviors.
Answer:
observational learning
Explanation:
Observational learning is a behavioral process of learning that involves observing the behavior of others, retaining the observed information and then applying repeating what one has learned through observation.
Cesar crediting his grandfather with being a model for his undertsanding of dogs is an example of observational learning because he observed how his father behaved around dogs and through this he was able to gain an understanding by watching his grandfather.
Answer: Observational learning
Explanation: Observational learning can be explained as a learning process acquired by being attentive to details such as behavior, action and reaction, emotional expression or language and other gestures which precedes or succeeds a behavior. The individual whose behavior is being observed and learnt is called the model. A model could be an individual's parent, guardian, relative or a social personality who possess a certain attribute or character which is learnt or modeled by others.
In the scenario above, Cesar acquired his understanding of dogs from his father, Here his father is the model through which Cesar's understanding of dogs was learnt.
In developing his theory of cognitive development, Schaie focused on changes in the way adults _________ information rather than looking at changes in the way adults _______ information.
The correct answer is use; understand
The theoretical model planted by Schaie is based on the fulfillment of motivational objectives over the life cycle that answered the three questions previously explained: what do I need to know? How do you practice ?; Why is that what? Under these three premises, Shaie proposes 7 stages of cognitive development.
The first attempt to protect children from material that they might stumble upon while online was: Question 5 options: A) The Decency Act of 1991 B) The Telecommunications Act of 1985 C) The Family Values Act of 1990 D) The Communications Decency Act of 1996
Answer:
Option D, The Communications Decency Act of 1996, is the right answer.
Explanation:
In order to control the po-r- nographic stuff on the Internet, the Congress of the United States enacted the Communications Decency Act of in the year 1996. It was the primary response of the U.S. Congress to control children's access to minors’ access to po-rnography via the Internet. In the year 1997, the Supreme Court of the United States in a milestone case of Reno v. ACLU opposed the anti-indecency requirements of the act.
Final answer:
The Communications Decency Act of 1996 was the first legislative attempt to protect children from harmful online content, but it was struck down by the Supreme Court.
Explanation:
The first attempt to protect children from material they might stumble upon while online was The Communications Decency Act of 1996. This Act was signed into law by President Clinton and it made it a federal crime to knowingly transmit to a minor or post on a website material that was obscene, indecent, or patently offensive.
However, this Act faced immediate legal challenges and was ultimately struck down by the Supreme Court in Reno v. ACLU (1997).
The Court argued that the Internet could not be restricted only to information suitable for children, drawing an analogy that "the level of discourse reaching a mailbox cannot be limited to that which would be suitable for a sandbox."
Following the Act's failure, Congress passed the Child Online Protection Act of 1998, which also aimed to protect minors from harmful content on the Internet but met a similar fate, with its enforcement eventually stalled by legal battles until it was abandoned in 2009.
Scientists inoculated a bacterial species to the medium. The bacterial population showed a rapidly growth due to the unlimited resources provided at the beginning of the incubation. Which population model do you think would best describe its current growth
Answer:
Exponential growth
Explanation:
Exponential growth (sometimes called the log phase) is a type of population growth where bacteria are regularly doubling, uninhibited by any limitations such as nutrient availability. During exponential growth, the population will double at each interval of time, and therefore the rate of increase doubles at each interval.
Exponential growth is only part of the life of a bacterial population. Eventually, space/nutrient availability will drop and the waste products will rise, and the growth of the population will cease.
The bacterial population's rapid growth in an environment with unlimited resources is best described by the exponential growth model, characterized by a growth rate that increases proportionally with population size, resulting in a J-shaped growth curve.
Explanation:The bacterial growth described in the scenario best fits the exponential growth model. This model applies when resources are unlimited, allowing the population to grow at a rate proportional to the current population size. In this model, the growth rate of the population accelerates as it increases, which is what occurs when the bacteria have ample resources and minimal constraints on their population size.
The formula for exponential growth is often represented as dN/dt = rN, where N is the population size, dN/dt is the rate of change in population size over time, and r is the intrinsic rate of increase. This model predicts a rapidly growing population that doubles over regular intervals, resulting in a J-shaped curve when the population size is plotted against time.
When Alex held the car door open for Stephanie, she made a big fuss over what a gentleman he was becoming. Alex no longer holds the car door open for her. The consequence for holding the door was the __________ of a stimulus, and the behavior of holding open the door subsequently decreased in frequency; therefore, this is an example of positive __________.
Answer:
The consequence for holding the door was the presentation of a stimulus, and the behavior of holding open the door subsequently decreased in frequency; therefore, this is an example of positive punishment.
Explanation:
Stephanie made a fuss when Alex opened the door for her, this is a reaction to behavior he had. The effect of that response acted as a positive pushishment to Alex, since the action of opening the door decreased.
Stephanie's response weakened Alex behavior.
Answer: Presentation; Punishment
Explanation: Operant conditioning as a type of learning forms associations between behaviors and resulting events. It uses reinforcers and punishments to shape behavior towards a desired behavior. Positive punishment refers to the addition or presenting of a negative consequence to an individual once an undesired behaviour is exhibited. By holding the car door open, Alex presents a stimulus to Stephanie which elicited a negative response (making a big fuss) that resulted in a decrease in the frequency of holding doors open for her (which is a reduction in the undesired behaviour).
Game Play As an adventurer, you will be concerned with three things: (1) reaching some stated goal, (2) collecting some random trinket (e.g., gold pieces), and (3) protecting some personal resource (e.g., keeping a health level above 0).
Answer:
As a gamer who tries to experience the visuals of the different environments and follows the very specific pathway to reach a certain goal or objective inside the game. While, the given pathway provides different levels and forms of experiences for the gamer.But, we can just say any person who is playing a game will experience the level of environment that is been visualized on software plate form. As, each game is comprised of different units, components or fragments, and themes that characterizes the whole story line of the game play.As, a person is required to have the knowledge about the three basic terms when we are meant to play a game,Reaching some stated goal.Collecting some random trinket (e.g., gold pieces).Protecting some personal resource (e.g., keeping a health level above 0).
Janine was convicted of a felony, as was Troy. Both defendants were convicted of the same crime and under similar situations. Because she is a female, Janine is likely to receive _____ Troy.
Answer:
A lighter sentence than
Explanation:
Studies and cases over time has shown that women tend to receive lighter punishments than men even when they commit the same crime.
The judges most times tends to be lenient with women when dishing out judgement
A researcher is testing a new drug for a condition that has no existing effective treatments. A sample of people with the condition is recruited and randomly divided into two groups – treatment (which receives the new drug) and control (which receives a placebo). The placebo looks exactly like the real drug but it does not contain the active ingredients, and the participants do not know which they are receiving. To ensure this study is ethical, what needs to be included in the research procedures?
Answer: For the study on drugs for the two parties to be ethical ,the following needs to be included in the research procedures.
Identify the Problem.
Review the Literature. Clarify the Problem. Clearly Define Terms and Concepts. . Define the Population. Develop the Instrumentation Plan.
Collect Data. Analyze the Data.
Explanation: The listed points are very essential for any research study . Companies like Pfizer, Novartis, Danone etc. Make use of this process in their research processes.
Some authors claim that ethics in human research is different from ethics in clinical practice. The doctor's obligations to his patient would be different from those of the researcher to the research subject. However, it should not be forgotten that the researcher is the patient's doctor (research subject) most of the time and, as such, must protect the subject as a patient.
Olivia is married and has two children. She works full-time and struggles to get off of work early to make it to her kids' school play. She also often runs late coming home due to commuting traffic, which cuts into her time to spend with family. Olivia and her husband share household duties, but she finds that they often have to catch up with house cleaning and upkeep on the weekends due to their work schedules.
In this example, Olivia's situation most resembles that of:
a.AIssues between work and family institutions found in preindustrial society more often than today.
b.Current issues between work and family institutions rather than preindustrial times.
Answer: B. Current issues between work and family institutions rather than preindustrial times.
Explanation:
The fact that Olivia has a full-time job that exposes her to commuting traffic shows that this example refers to contemporary problems and not those of the preindustrial era.
Furthermore, Olivia and her husband sharing household duties is a modern arrangement difficult to even imagine in a preindustrial time, when household chores were exclusively done by women.
Answer:
The most befitting answer is b. Current issues between work and family institutions rather than preindustrial times.
Explanation:
In this example, Olivia’s situation is similar to the issues that are being experienced in the modern-day era which is post-industrial: as opposed to the pre-industrial times—in which women often took care of the kids and household duties, while men worked part-time/full-time in offices—the present-day post-industrial era of work for husband and wife (who live in the same house) is mostly characterized by equal (or almost equal) share of household duties, attendance to office work, and the challenge of commuting from home to office, and back to home. In the present-day, women have taken up more roles in office, politics and leadership, as opposed to the pre-industrial times; husbands have been much more involved in household activities, and the increase in population and automobiles has made commuting to take up a lot of time.
China has a one-child policy that encourages families to only have one child. Families who have more children may face fines and other restrictions. The policy has been successful in slowing population growth in the country. Do you think policies like this are a good idea?
Answer:
Policies are subjective
Explanation:
The China one-child policy was introduced after ten years of implementing the two-child policy. The one-child policy was implemented to slow down population growth and manage the number of persons that were being born. This was done by providing birth control options namely, contraceptives, sterilization, abortions and adoptions to prevent over 400 million births. The policy did not include the minorities and ingenious people who were allowed to have two children or those that gave birth to a girl on their first try. This policy is misunderstood and hotly contested by many but as of 2008 over 76% of the persons surveyed in China were in support of such a policy.
Answer and explanation:
The setting of policies depends on the situation that forces creating them. They are neither good or bad. In China's situation, in particular, the one-child policy was established to slow its population growth. From 1950 to 1979 China's population almost doubled from 540 million to 969 million. It was in 1979 when the one-child policy was enacted.
The country's birth rate in 2019 declined by 2% from 2018. There are approximately 12 births per 1000 people in China. In 1979 China's average Gross Domestic Product (GDP) was 5% per year. In 2010 its GDP reached a peak of 10%.
Thus, the one-child policy in China's case seems to be successful. However, it does not imply that establishing the same measure in another country will have positive results.
your text suggests that waiting for an elevator is a good example of a ________ reinforcement schedule. continuous fixed ratio variable ratio fixed interval variable interval
Answer: waiting in an elevator is a good example of variable interval reinforcement schedule
Explanation:
Schedule of reinforment (an important component of learning process) is a rule that states the conditions of a response to be reinforced. The goal of reinforcement (either positive or negative) is to fortify a behaviour so that it will likely happen.
Variable interval reinforcement schedule happens when a response is rewarded after an unpredictable amount of responses has moved by. This kind of reinforcement produces slow and steady responses. An example is waiting in an elevator. One can decide to press the button once or fifteen times in succession, but the lift still appears randomly.
Waiting for an elevator exemplifies a fixed interval reinforcement schedule, where reinforcement is provided after a pre-set, constant time interval.
Explanation:The student's question is referring to the concept of reinforcement schedules in psychology, particularly in the context of operant conditioning. In the scenario provided, waiting for an elevator is a good example of a fixed interval reinforcement schedule. This type of schedule provides reinforcement for the first response after a specific, constant amount of time has passed. For example, if an elevator arrives at a set time interval regardless of how many times a button is pressed, it would be analogous to a rat receiving a reinforcement for the first lever press after a set interval of time in a research setting.
In contrast, other schedules like variable ratio and fixed ratio relate to the number of responses before reinforcement, and variable interval varies the time intervals between reinforcements. These schedules generate different patterns of behavior. For instance, variable interval schedules produce moderate, steady response rates since the time until the next reinforcement is unpredictable.
An alternative group model,"the punctuated-equilibrium model, reduces" the traditional five stages of group development to two and it is in the second phase when a group tries new ideas and new perspectives.
a. true
b. false
Answer:True
Explanation: According to this model groups doesn't change that much, they remain fairly static , in a particular state of equilibrium for a long time. There are high chances of resistance to change as Institutionalization takes place.
This model states that a revolutionary change will take place as punctuated bursts , as crises arise , which challenges the structure of an organization.
This is where the group get a chance to create new structures that will suit the new situations they face at that time .
This model suggest that a group will go repeatedly through these cycles of storming and performing stages, opportunity arises for a company to be innovative and creative as the company experiences a transitional window.
A small town in West Texas declares that only professed Christians can work for the city or serve in city government. Would this action be constitutional
A small town in West Texas declares that only professed Christians can work for the city or serve in city government. The act can not be considered a constitution as it spread discrimination.
What is Constitution?A constitution is a fundamental document that defines rules and regulations, laws and legislation as well as the power and authority of the government to conduct the functioning of any country.
The constitution defines some elements like equality, justice, and freedom for each and every citizen of the country and allows them some rights and responsibilities.
It prevents discrimination in society on the basis of caste, education, social status as well as gender and provides equal treatment and opportunities to citizens.
In the given case it entails that "only professed Christians can work for the city or serve in city government" which reflects discrimination in the society and consider unconstitutional.
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What is the most critical principle for non-Pakistanis to understand about how Pakistan views its neighbors? Why is this principle important to understand?
Answer:
Check the explanation
Explanation:
Prior to having the understanding of some like Pakistan, Iran, Afghanistan, I used to think they’re some list of hated countries. When I learned about Pakistan and how close China and Pakistan are, that changed. I think it is very important to see that Pakistan does have strength in numbers, particularly because one of their best allies is China who is a major economic bloc on their own.
Imagine that a friend has just read a magazine article that discusses flashbulb memories, and your friend argues that people retain a very clear memory of certain emotional events. What would you respond?
Answer:
"No, the article overstates the case; these memories can be inaccurate and can fade with time."
Explanation:
Flashbulb memories are those memories that are learned so shocking and surprising memories. It creates and seemingly the true memory of the learning that is accurate. It is about the event vent but not the event itself.
In old days we captured the photo and after captured the photo flash get off and that moment captured in the picture is called a type of flashbulb memory example. The flashbulb memories are the autobiographical memories.
One way to detect fraud in research is to ____. a. replicate the study b. verify all the citations in the study c. look for a floor effect d. look for a ceiling effect
Answer:
a. replicate the study
Explanation:
One way to detect fraud in research is to replicate the study. Replication involves carrying out a similar study under similar experimental conditions. Replication of study is useful for some reasons which include; a test of validity or reliability of the previous results, determination of generalizability or the role of extraneous variables among others. When a study is replicated and the results are similar to those obtained in the previous study, such result can be termed reliable and valid. However, if on several replications, the obtained results differs from those of the initial study, it is an indication of fraud.
Replicating the study is one technique to identify research fraud. Replication entails conducting a similar investigation under comparable experimental circumstances. Hence option A is correct.
A study's validity or reliability can be tested, and the generalizability of the results, as well as the contribution of auxiliary factors, can all be determined through a study's replication.
When a study is repeated and the findings are consistent with the earlier study's findings, the results are said to be reliable and valid. However, it is a sign of fraud if, after numerous replications, the resulting results diverge from those of the original study.
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Sergio buys a bag of cookies that contains 9 chocolate chip cookies, 5 peanut butter cookies, 4 sugar cookies and 5 oatmeal cookies. What is the probability that Sergio randomly selects a sugar cookie from the bag, eats it, then randomly selects an oatmeal cookie?
Answer: the probability of selecting a sugar cookies is 4/23
The probability of selecting an oatmeal cookies after eating a sugar cookies is 5/22
Explanation: probability is the chances of a possible outcome.
In the bag we have;
9 chocolate chip cookies
5 peanut butter cookies
4 sugar cookies
5 oatmeal cookies
Therefore the total cookies in the bag is
9 + 5 + 4 + 5 = 23
The probability of Sergio to randomly select sugar cookies in the bag is the member of sugar cookies all over the total number of cookies;
4/23
The probability of selecting an oatmeal cookies, after eating one sugar cookies is the number of oatmeal cookies all over the remaining total number of cookies after eating one sugar cookies.
5/22
1. So-called "citizen journalism" has exploded as smartphones, glasses-based cameras, and other tools make it easier for average people to report breaking news. What are some of the positives and negatives with citizen journalism? Type your answer in the box below
Citizen journalism upsides include democratization of information, speed of news dissemination, and localized coverage. Its downsides are potential accuracy issues, bias, and possible legal or privacy concerns.
Explanation:Citizen journalism, facilitated by the revolution of smartphones and other such digital tools, has both its advantages and disadvantages. On the positive side, citizen journalism contributes to enhanced democratization of information, meaning that it allows a broader community of people to have their voices heard and diversifies the type of news and perspectives available. It also presents breaking news faster as it isn't subject to traditional news cycles and offers the potential for more coverage of local events that mainstream media may overlook.
However, there are also negative aspects to consider. Accuracy can often be compromised as citizen journalists typically lack formal journalistic training that emphasizes fact-checking and ethical guidelines. There's also the possibility of biased representation of information due to personal views or lack of understanding of the context. Lastly, due to the lack of professional training, citizen journalism can at times raise legal or privacy issues.
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Where it is located and a general description on the area Why it's such a popular destination Describe two positive and two negative impacts that mass tourism has had on the area/local population Discuss one solution the local government has implemented to address mass tourism
Answer:
Positive: Jobs created
Negative: Jobs are often seasonal (based on the time of year) and are poorly paid
More
Positive: money for the country
Negative: Most money goes out of the area to big companies.
Explanation: The government necessitates creating local networks based on cooperation between local governments, associations, and organizations as well as local businesses is emphasized in other to address mass tourism.
Answer:
Explanation:
Mass Tourism is a form of tourism where a large number of people go to a particular place e.g a resort at the same time in a year for holidaying or sight seeing. It is often accompanied by both negative and positive impacts, and below are the advantages and disadvantages that could be associated with this practice. Mecca, a religious place located in Saudi Arabia welcomes millions of people every year for lesser hajj, a form of tourism. mecca is a part of Saudi Arabia, a country located in the middle east. The reason for mass tourism to Mecca is t perform the religious obligation called umrah( lesser hajj) and Hajj(main pilgrimage).
Positive Impacts:
1. It is enhances the generation of employment opportunity for both the locals as well as those outside of the area of tourism. e.g many roads leading to tourist centers may need to be constructed, and this will require a large workforce of both skilled and unskilled workers. in addition to the cited example, there may be a need for a travel guide, security personnel, a chef, as well as other workers that will make the the experience of the tourists at the resort memorable.
2. It generates income for the Government through tax and open up the country of the location of the resorts to economic progress as many people would want to establish firms in such a place to cater for the some need of the people (tourist) visiting the place that may need to be met.
Negative Impacts:
1. loss of land which are meant for agriculture to feed the local community may sometimes be allocated to resorts, thereby depriving the immediate community of certain opportunities.
2. Incivility: There could be incivility in the land when tourist desecrate sacred places as a result of mass tourism or speaking loudly in the mosque, taking pictures in holy places: this which may anger the local community and could lead to grumbling.
in order to address the menace, the Local Government has given out a quota of people expected to visit the country from each country of the world yearly. This has drastically reduced many of the problems that could arise from mass tourism as countries of the world now have a specific number of pilgrims yearly.
Studying the way people change and the way they stay the same throughout the life span would be defined as ______________________________. (Note: your text discusses the changes of growth and decline, but I always include the possibility of staying the same as well.)
Answer:
human development
Explanation:
Human development refers to the process of enhancing the freedoms and possibilities of people and working to improve their well-being. It is about the real independence that ordinary people have in deciding what they want to do, and how they want to live their life. It provides people the opportunity to lead a life they value. In other words, improving people's capabilities and allowing them opportunities to use them.
Repeating the items on a grocery list such as "cheese, bread, soda, canned soup, salad dressing, and paper napkins" over and over again in your mind is an example of what process?
Answer:
Rehearsal
Explanation:
According to psychology, when we need to store information in our short-term-memory, we can use different methods. One of them is Rehearsal.
Memory rehearsal consists in repeating over and over again the thing that we want to memorize in order to store it in our short-term memory (like when we repeat a telephone number before writing it down), this process doesn't involve an actual learning but rather a way of keeping things in our mind until the moment we need them, after this, they are discarded and they don't go into our long term memory.
Repeating items on a grocery list over and over again is an example of rehearsal since you are repeating them so you can remember until you go to the store and get them and then you forget about it and it doesn't go into your long-term memory.
While listening to sad rather than happy music, people are more likely to perceive a spoken word as mourning rather than morning. This best illustrates that perception is influenced by Group of answer choices tinnitus. interposition. precognition. context effects.
Answer:
Context effect
Explanation:
Context effect explains how an individual's perception of a stimulus is affected by the individual's environment. Context effects can have an influence on one's day to day activities, such as one's learning abilities, recognition of words, recognition of object and memory. Context effect is considered to be part of top-down processing.
In the example illustrated, the perception of people are influenced by their environment which is the sad music that is being listened to, and this best explains context effect.
5. Professor Tilton measured the variable "feelings toward drafting women" with the categories strongly agree, agree, indifferent, disagree, and strongly disagree. Professor Tilton was using the ____ level of measurement
Answer:
ordinal
Explanation:
Professor Tilton measured the variable "feelings toward drafting women" with the categories strongly agree, agree, indifferent, disagree, and strongly disagree. Professor Tilton was using the ordinal level of measurement
Answer:
The answer is the ordinal level of measurement.
Explanation:
The ordinal level of measurement is related to rank order. It means that data can be sorted. However, there is no relative degree of difference between them. The ordinal level allows to put different events in order.
Rank orders are a representation of ordinal scales and they are usually utilized in research concerning qualitative phenomena. Ordinal scales only allow to rank items from highest to lowest, as well as ordinal measures are not related to absolute values.
Forensic investigators are required to visit crime scenes and conduct interviews with witnesses. What personal attributes and interpersonal skills may be required for this type of work? Explain.
Answer:
Explanation:
The forensic investigators search the crime scene and collect the necessary evidences required for the conviction of the criminal. These also conduct interviews to the potential witnesses to draw some relevant information related to the case. The forensic investigators are required to be skilled enough to obtain the evidences from the crime scene without compromising the integrity of any evidence. Their interrogative nature should be questioning, without actually providing the knowledge to the witness which the investigator already know. The interpersonal skills should be strict and scrutinizing in nature to draw almost information from the witness. The forensic investigator must be fearless while asking questions even if the criminal belongs to the designation of high authority.
Whenever Mr. Kerrigan picked up his young son, Billie, from soccer practice he would have to drive past a Dairy Queen. Every time Billie saw the large Dairy Queen sign, Billie would begin to scream. Mr. Kerrigan did not like his son’s screaming. To make his son stop screaming for ice cream, Mr. Kerrigan would pull over and buy ice cream for Billie. This stopped Billie’s screaming. In this short example, what is an example of positive reinforcement? What is an example of negative reinforcement? (Hint: both Billie and his dad are being conditioned in this story). How could Billie’s dad use conditioning to prevent Billie from screaming in the future?
Answer and Explanation:
Positive reinforcement involves giving reward for desired behaviour so as to reinforce and make that behavior happen again. Negative reinforcement involves removing bad consequences so as to get desired behaviour or make certain behavior happen again.
In the above, Mr. Kerrigan rewards his son with an ice cream to stop screaming. This is called positive reinforcement. His son Billie, screams to get ice cream, and stops screaming after he gets ice cream. This is negative reinforcement.
Mr. Kerrigan can bring ice cream when he goes to pick up his son Billie from soccer practice. This way Billie won't have to scream when they pass the Dairy Queen sign.
Final answer:
Positive reinforcement is seen when Billie gets ice cream after screaming, and negative reinforcement is seen when Mr. Kerrigan stops the screaming by buying ice cream. Mr. Kerrigan could prevent future screaming by setting up a new reward system for not screaming when passing by the Dairy Queen.
Explanation:
In the example provided, positive reinforcement is demonstrated when Mr. Kerrigan buys ice cream for Billie after he screams, thus increasing the likelihood that Billie will scream in the future when he desires ice cream. Negative reinforcement occurs when Mr. Kerrigan's action of buying the ice cream leads to the cessation of Billie's screaming, which is the undesirable stimulus for Mr. Kerrigan, increasing the likelihood that Mr. Kerrigan will buy the ice cream again to avoid the screaming. To prevent Billie from screaming in the future, Mr. Kerrigan could use conditioning by establishing a new routine or rewards system. For instance, he might tell Billie that if he doesn't scream when they pass by the Dairy Queen, he will be rewarded with an alternate treat or privilege at the end of the week, thus establishing a controlled and consistent reward system not tied directly to the stimulus of seeing the Dairy Queen.