Write the missing statements in the following program so that:
1. it prompts the user to input two numbers.
2. If one of the numbers is 0, the program should output a message indicating that both numbers must be nonzero.
3. If the first number is greater than the second number, it outputs the first number divided by the second number;
4. if the first number is less than the second number, it outputs the second number divided by the first number; otherwise, it outputs the product of the numbers.
C++ PROGRAM:#includeusing namespace std;int main(){ double firstNum, secondNum, thirdNum; double output; //missing statements return 0;}

Answer:

def new_list_function(initial_list):

   new_list = initial_list*3

   return new_list

def main():

   initial_list = []

   while True:

     item = input("Enter value to be added to list: ")

     item = item.rstrip()

     if item.lower() == "exit" and "EXIT" and "Exit":

         break

     initial_list.append(item)

     new_list = new_list_function(initial_list)

   for item in new_list:

     print(item)

main()

Explanation:

Answer:

#include<iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()

{int num1,num2;

cout<<"enter 2 numbers:"<<endl;

cinn>>num1;

cinn>>num2;

cout<<("value without swapping of num1",num1);

cout<<("value without swapping of num2",num2);

 num1 ^= num2;

   num2 ^= num1;

   num1 ^= num2;

cout<<("num1 after swapping",num1);

cout<<("num2 after swapping,num2);

return 0;

}

Answer:

360 msec

Explanation:

Data provided in the question:

Distance between the two hosts = 15,000 kilometer

= 1.5 × 10⁷ m    [ ∵ 1 km = 1000 m ]

Transmission rate, R = 5 Mbps = 5 × 10⁶ bits per second

Propagation speed over the link = 2.5 × 10⁸ meters/sec

Size of file to be sent = 1,500,000 bit

Now,

Propagation delay (dprop)

= Distance ÷ Speed

= ( 1.5 × 10⁷ ) ÷ (2.5 × 10⁸)

= 0.06 sec

= 60 msec           [ ∵ 1 sec = 1000 millisecond ]

Transmission delay (dtrans)

= Size of file ÷ Rate of transmission

= 1500000 ÷ ( 5 × 10⁶ )

= 0.3 sec

= 300 msec

Therefore,

Time required for transmitting the file

= Propagation delay + Transmission delay

= 60 msec + 300 msec

= 360 msec

Final answer:

The total time to send a 1,500,000-bit file from host A to host B over a distance of 15,000 kilometers at a rate of 5 Mbps is 0.36 seconds, which is the sum of the transmission time (0.3 seconds) and the propagation delay (0.06 seconds).

Explanation:

To calculate the time taken to send a 1,500,000-bit file from host A to host B separated by 15,000 kilometers at a rate of 5 Mbps, you need to consider both the transmission time and the propagation delay. The transmission time is the time required to push all the file's bits onto the wire and is given by the file size divided by the transmission rate. The second part is the propagation delay, which is the time it takes for the first bit to travel from the source to the destination.

The transmission time can be calculated as: Transmission Time = File size / Rate = 1,500,000 bits / (5 x 10⁶ bits/sec) = 0.3 seconds.

The propagation delay is the distance divided by the speed of light in the medium, which is: Propagation Delay = Distance / Speed of light = 15,000 km / (2.5 x 10⁸ m/s) = 0.06 seconds. Since the distance needs to be in meters, we convert it by multiplying by 1,000: Propagation Delay = 15,000,000 m / (2.5 x 10⁸ m/s) = 0.06 seconds.

The total time to send the file is the sum of transmission time and propagation delay: Total Time = Transmission Time + Propagation Delay = 0.3 s + 0.06 s = 0.36 seconds.

Answer:

0.24 seg

Explanation:

We have 600 MB of data if we convert it to Gb we get 0.6Gb of data, the bandwidth is telling us that we can transfer 2.5 Gb of data per second if we assume that the data transfer is lineal we can apply the rule of three to solve the problem:

2.5 Gb -> 1 seg

0.6 Gb -> X

Applying the cross multiplication we get that X = 0.6 Gb* 1 seg / 2.5 Gb = 0.24 seg

The time required to transfer a 600-MB database over a DMA channel with a bandwidth of 2.5 GB/s is 0.24 seconds.

To calculate the transfer speed of a 600-MB database over a DMA channel with a bandwidth of 2.5 GB/s, you first need to convert the database size to the same unit as the bandwidth. In this case, 600 MB = 0.6 GB.

The time to transfer data over a channel is equivalent to the size of the data (in GB) divided by the bandwidth (in GB/s). Therefore, the time to transfer the 600-MB database would be 0.6 GB / 2.5 GB/s = 0.24 seconds.

Learn more about Data Transfer here:

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#SPJ3

Answer:

C++.

Explanation:

int main() {

   const float package_A = 9.95;

   const float package_B = 14.95;

   const float package_C = 19.95;

   const int package_A_extra = 2;

   const float package_B = 1;

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

   int user_package_choice;

   int hours_used;

   cout<<"Your package? Enter option number,"<<endl;

   cout<<"1. Package A"<<endl<<"2. Package B"<<"3. Package C";

   cout<<endl;

   cin<<user_package;

   cout<<endl;

   cout<<"Hours used?: ";

   cin<<hours_used;

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

   cout<<endl;

   float total_amount;

   if (user_package_choice == 1) {

       total_amount = package_A + ((hours_used - 10) * package_A_extra));

       if (total_amount - (package_B + ((hours_used - 20) * package_B_extra)) > 0)

          cout<<"If you had opted for Package B, you would have saved $"<<total_amount - (package_B + (hours_used * package_B_extra))<<endl;

       if (total_amount - package_C > 0)

           cout<<"If you had opted for Package C, you would have saved $"<<total_amount - package_C;

   }

   else if (user_package_choice == 2) {

       total_amount = package_B + ((hours_used - 20) * package_B_extra);

        if (total_amount - package_C > 0)

           cout<<"If you had opted for Package C, you would have saved $"<<total_amount - package_C;

   }

   else {

       total_amount = package_C;

   }

   return 0;

}

Final answer:

A program is needed to compute a customer's monthly internet bill based on their subscription package and calculate potential savings for switching to other packages.

Explanation:

The task involves writing a program to calculate a customer's monthly bill based on the subscription package for internet access. There are three packages: Package A offers 10 hours for $9.95 with additional hours at $2 each, Package B provides 20 hours for $14.95 with additional hours at $1 each, and Package C offers unlimited access for $19.95. The program will also calculate potential savings for customers of Package A if they switch to Package B or C, and for Package B customers if they switch to Package C, provided switching would result in savings.

Answer:

The correct option is B: Old brick-and-mortar rules, regulations, and habits

Explanation:

Globalization has been made possible because of the internet. However, the promise of what is considered "borderless commerce" is limited due to the old brick and mortar rules, regulations, and habits. Brick and mortar is considered the traditional businesses offering products and services to customer in a rented or owned store and requires face-to-face business. Hence globalization via the internet is limited because companies have to sort out their building and stores, follow every law and regulation to opening offices and other habits practiced by these brick-and-mortar businesses.

Answer:

b. Play music

Explanation:

Digital technology helps improve an existing process and makes things better. In this scenario of an MP3 player, digital technology takes care of music. Before a portable MP3 player came into the picture, people had to carry large physical records or multiple CD packs but now, a small device can hold thousands of those same songs in it.

Answer:

Option C and Option D.

Explanation:

When the title indicates, a greedy algorithm often makes the decision which imply to be the best overall. Which obviously makes a locally-optimal choice throughout the expectation that such a option can contribute to an answer that is generally optimal.

so, Earliest finish time and latest start time are the greedy methods resulting in an effective solution for the problems of operation selection.

MOHR-COULOMB FAILURE CRITERIA:

In 1900, MOHR-COULOMB states Theory of Rupture in Materials which defines as “A material fails due to because of a critical combination of normal and shear stress, not from maximum normal or shear stress”. Failure Envelope is approached by a linear relationship.

If you can not understand the below symbols see the attachment below

 f   f ()  

Where:      f = Shear Stress on Failure Plane  

       ´= Normal Stress on Failure Plane

 See the graph in the attachment

For calculating the shear stress, when Normal stress, cohesion and angle of internal friction are given. Use this formula:   shear stress =  f  c   tan 

Where,  

• f  is Shear Stress on Failure Plane

• c  is Cohesion

•  is Normal Total Stress on Failure Plane

•  is Friction Angle

The largest numeric value that can be represented in 3 bytes is 224

Explanation:

Final answer:

The largest value with three bytes using ASCII is 127127127, but for practical numerical storage in binary notation, the largest value with three bytes is 16777215, represented as 11111111 11111111 11111111 in binary.

Explanation:

The largest numeric value that could be represented with three bytes using one ASCII pattern per byte depends on the ASCII printable characters range. ASCII characters are represented within the range of 0 to 127, therefore in three bytes, the largest decimal values you could represent would be 127127127. However, this is not typically how numeric values are stored.

When using binary notation, each byte consists of 8 bits, and the maximum value for each bit is 1. Therefore, the largest value in a single byte is 11111111, which is 255 in decimal. Hence, in three bytes, the largest decimal number that can be stored is 16777215 (which is 11111111 11111111 11111111 in binary).

Answer:

The answer to this question can be described as follows:

Explanation:

Relational data model:

The use of data tables to organize sets of entities into relationships requires a relational data model. this model work on the assumption, which is a primary key or code, that is included in each table configuration. The symbol for "relational" data links and information is used by other tables.

Model Design:

This model is used for database management, it consists of structure and language consistency. It is design in 1969.

Importance of data model:  

This provides a common standard for processing the potentially sound data in machines, that was usable on almost any one device.  

Big Data:

It moves to locate new and innovative ways to handle large volumes of authentication tokens and to gather business insights when offering high efficiency and usability at an affordable cost at the same time.

Answer:

c. When a mobile device is turned on, it connects to the nearest available base station through a control channel

Explanation:

A network is the communication and interconnection between Computer devices for sharing of data resources. The connection of these devices could be wireless or wired.

Wired network connection is the use of cables to connect devices, while wireless connection requires no wire.

Wireless communication could be electromagnetic, microwave, cellular etc. Cellular is mainly used for cell phone communication.

The cell phone has a database of cell tower connections and automatically connects to the nearest one through a control channel, when it's turned on.

There are various connectivity technologies that we use to connect. They are Ethernet, Internet (Wireless Connection), Bluetooth, Wi-Fi and Cellular.

Explanation:

Final answer:

In an enterprise, fiber-optic Ethernet is used for its high bandwidth and long-distance capabilities, typically in the network backbone, while wireless technologies like Wi-Fi are deployed for their convenience and mobility in offices and meeting spaces. The use and impact of technology can vary across different contexts, and strategic decisions must be made when developing IT infrastructures to ensure efficiency and security.

Explanation:

In an enterprise, you might see a range of technologies in use, each tailored to specific needs and applications. Fiber-optic Ethernet technologies, for instance, are often found in the backbone of an enterprise’s network infrastructure where high bandwidth and long-distance communication are essential.

They might be used to connect data centers, mainframes, or to handle high-speed internet connections for the entire organization.

Wireless technologies, on the other hand, are typically deployed in areas where mobility is important or where it is impractical to run physical cabling.

This includes offices for Wi-Fi connections to laptops and smartphones, warehouses for barcode scanning devices, and meetings or conference rooms to facilitate presentations and collaborative work without the need for physical connections.

Wi-Fi is an example of a wireless service that has become indispensable in both professional and personal contexts, offering convenience and mobility.

When considering the integration of technology, it's important to assess the impact it has on communication across various contexts, such as academic, professional, and personal.

Engagement with technology can vary greatly; for example, the use of sophisticated online platforms may be prevalent in professional settings, while personal communication might still favor traditional methods like phone calls or face-to-face interactions in certain contexts.

Additionally, the development of efficient and secure physical IT infrastructures to facilitate public e-services requires a strategic approach, weighing options such as outsourcing versus in-house development based on criteria like security and transmission capacity.

Answer:

Scripts for businesses are always followed exactly.

Explanation:

A computer script is a list of commands that are executed by a certain program or scripting engine. Scripts may be used to automate processes on a local computer.

Answer:

Certification                  

Explanation:

Certification verifies that a person has appropriate experience and skills to carry out their task or job.

This is achieved through some test or examination, through some professional training or by gaining some work experience.

This provides with the credentials required to perform their jobs efficiently with proficient skills that can be trusted by companies and customers.

For example having an IT certification means having necessary skills to perform IT related tasks. IT field is a vast field which keeps evolving with time so being an IT certified refers to having updated knowledge about dynamic computer and information technologies.

Answer:

C++ Program

Explanation:

#include <iostream>

#include <iomanip>

using namespace std;

void arrSelectSort(double *, int);

void showArrPtr(double *, int);

void showAverage(double, int);

int main()

{

 //dynamically allocate an array

 //acumulator

 //averge scores

 //number of test scores

 double *scores,                        

 total = 0.0;                  

//average;                              

int nScores;                      

   //Get how many test scores the users wants to enter.

cout << "How many test scores would you like to process?";

cin >> nScores;

//condition about the scores

scores = new double[nScores];

if (scores == NULL)

 return 0;

//Get the number of each test

cout << "Enter the test scores below.\n";

for (int count = 0; count < nScores; count++)

{

 cout << "Test score #" << (count + 1) << ": ";

 cin >> *(scores + count);

}

//total score operation

for (int count = 0; count < nScores; count++)

{

 total += *(scores + count);

}

showAverage(total, nScores);

//the array pointers

arrSelectSort(scores, nScores);

cout << "the ascending order is: \n";

showArrPtr(scores, nScores);

//free memory.

delete[] scores;

scores = 0;

return 0;

}

// bubble sort  

void arrSelectSort(double *array, int size)

{

int temp;

bool swap;

do

{

 swap = false;

 for (int count = 0; count < (size - 1); count++)

 {

  if (*(array + count) > *(array + count + 1))

  {

   temp = *(array + count);

   *(array + count) = *(array + count + 1);

   *(array + count + 1) = temp;

   swap = true;

  }

 }

} while (swap);

}

// sort function

void showArrPtr(double *array, int size)

{

for (int count = 0; count< size; count++)

 cout << *(array + count) << " ";

cout << endl;

}

// average function

void showAverage(double total, int nScores)

{

double average;

//average operation

average = total / nScores;

//Display the results.

cout << fixed << showpoint << setprecision(2);

cout << "Average Score: " << average << endl;

}

Following are the responses to the given question:

Given instruction:

[tex]10101100100001010000000000010100[/tex]

For point A)

Sign extend and leap "shift left 2": The sign extend can be determined by taking the LSB 16 bits and expanding it to 32 bits.

Sign Extend

[tex]00000000000000000000000000010100[/tex]

A jump command "shift left 2" can be discovered by extracting the LSB 26 bit and shifting left by 2 bits.

Jump Shift Left 2

[tex]0010000101000000000001010000[/tex]

For point B)

ALU control units' inputs are as follows:

Its ALUop has two LSBs.

[tex]ALUop\\\\00[/tex]

The instructions are a 6 bit LSB instruction.

Instruction

[tex]010100[/tex]

For point C)

New PC address:

[tex]New PC Address \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Path \\\\ PC+4 \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ PC \to Add (PC +4) \to Branch MUX \to Jump MUX \to PC[/tex]

For point D)

Input values:

[tex]ALU \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Add (PC+4) \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Add (Branch)[/tex]

[tex]In put \#1 \ \ \ In put \# 2 \ \ \ \ In put \# 1 \ \ \ In put \# 2 \ \ \ \ In put \# 1 \ \ \ In put \# 2\\\\[/tex]

[tex]-4 \ \ \ \ 20 \ \ \ \ \ \ PC \ \ \ \ 4 \ \ \ \ \ \ PC+4 \ \ \ \ 20*4[/tex]

For point E)

Calculating the inputs into the "Registers" units:

[tex]\text{Bits\ 25-21 specify the Read Reg#1} \\\\\text{Bits\ 20-16 specify the Read Reg#2}[/tex]

[tex]Read \ \ \ \ \ \ Read \\\\Reg\#1 \ \ \ \ \ \ Reg\#2 \ \ \ \ \ \ WriteReg \ \ \ \ \ \ WriteData\ \ \ \ \ \ RegWrite[/tex]

[tex]4 \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 5 \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ X \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ X \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 0[/tex]

Learn more:

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Answer:

The correct answer to the following question will be "False".

Explanation:

Therefore, the given statement is false.

Final answer:

The task requires a Python code using a for loop to count down from a specified starting number, printing 'Ready!', each number on a new line, and 'Run!' at the end.

Explanation:

To write code that counts down from a given number and prints 'Ready!', followed by each number, and ending with 'Run!', we can use a for loop. Here is a sample Python code snippet that accomplishes this:

firstNumber = 3
print('Ready!')
for num in range(firstNumber, 0, -1):
   print(num)
   print('\n')
print('Run!')

This code starts by printing 'Ready!', then it enters a for loop that counts down from firstNumber to 1, printing each number followed by a newline. Finally, it prints 'Run!' after exiting the loop. Remember to replace firstNumber with the actual starting number you wish to count down from.

Answer:

Option A.

Explanation:

It is a business association working to protect your online privacy. Opa members agree to establish a User privacy Policy that is readable and understandable. So, the option of choosing who sees the data  is the provision is not available in the policy because It has data types policy gathered and how data collected is protected.

Answer:

85 %

Explanation:

Historically, data warehouses had been formed using structured repetitive data that was filtered before entering the data warehouse. However, in recent years, the data warehouse has evolved due to contextual information that can now be attached to unstructured data and that can also be stored.

Those first structured relational data could not be mixed and matched for analytical subjects with unstructured textual data. But with the advent of contextualization, these types of analyzes can now be done naturally and easily.

Classic analytical processing of transaction-based data is performed in the data warehouse as it has always been done. Nothing has changed there. But now you can become analytical about contextualized data, and that form of analysis is new. Most organizations, until now, did not have to base their decision making on unstructured textual data. And now there is a new way of analysis possible in a Data Warehouse: the possibility of mixing analysis. The combined analysis is performed by a combination of structured transactional data and unstructured contextual data.

According to a research by Merrill Lynch indicates that 85 % of all coporate date is stored in some sort of unstructured form like data warehouse.

Answer:

   public static void printTotalInches(double num_feet, double num_inches){

       double inches = 12*num_feet;

       System.out.println("Total value in feets is: "+(inches+num_inches));

   }

This function is written in Java Programming Language. Find a complete program with a call to the function in the explanation section

Explanation:

public class ANot {

   public static void main(String[] args) {

//Calling the function and passing the arguments

   printTotalInches(5,8);

   }

   public static void printTotalInches(double num_feet, double num_inches){

       double inches = 12*num_feet;

       System.out.println("Total value in feets is: "+(inches+num_inches));

   }

}

Answer:

def calc_total_inches(num_feet, num_inches):

   return num_feet*12+num_inches

Explanation:

Final answer:

To solve the student's problem, input the current and last month's house prices, calculate the price change, compute the estimated mortgage, and correctly format the output presenting the figures.

Explanation:

To create a program that takes the current price and last month's price of a house as inputs, and outputs a summary of the price change and estimated monthly mortgage, follow these instructions:

Here's how the output should look like:

This house is $200000. The change is $-10000 since last month. The estimated monthly mortgage is $850.000000.

```python

current_price, last_month_price = map(int, input().split())

print(f'This house is ${current_price}. The change is ${last_month_price - current_price} since last month. The estimated monthly mortgage is ${(current_price * 0.051) / 12:.6f}.')

```

The program takes two integer inputs, representing the current house price and last month's price. It then uses a formatted string to output a summary, including the current price, the change since last month (calculated by subtracting the current price from last month's price), and the estimated monthly mortgage computed using the given formula. The use of f-strings in Python allows for concise and readable code, embedding expressions directly within the string.

The map function is employed to convert the input values into integers. The program calculates the change in price by subtracting the current price from last month's price. To ensure precise spacing and formatting, the f-string includes the required text and variable values in a structured manner. The estimated monthly mortgage is calculated using the provided formula and formatted as a floating-point value with six decimal places.

The code adheres to the assignment's emphasis on precision in spacing, punctuation, and newlines. By using f-strings and the specified formula, the program produces the required output with clarity and accuracy.

An ER Diagram can be created for an art museum scenario, including entities like Artwork, Artist, Show, ShowCity, ShowSchedule, Gallery, and Loan.

The ER Diagram for the given scenario can be created with the following entities:

The relationships between the entities can be represented as follows:

Answer:

The correct answer to the following question will be "True".

Explanation:

Therefore, the given statement is true.

Answer:

The Java code is given below with appropriate comments

Explanation:

import java.util.*;

class Main {

   static Set<String> set = new HashSet();

   static void printPerms(char ch[], int ind){

       //If end of string is reached, add it to set

       if(ind==ch.length){

           set.add(new String(ch));

           return;

       }

       for(int i=ind;i<ch.length;i++){

           //Only swap if lower case

           if((ch[i]>='a' && ch[i]<='z')&&((ch[ind]>='a' && ch[ind]<='z'))){

               char t  = ch[i];

               ch[i] = ch[ind];

               ch[ind] = t;

           }

           printPerms(ch,ind+1);

           if((ch[i]>='a' && ch[i]<='z')&&((ch[ind]>='a' && ch[ind]<='z'))){

               char t  = ch[i];

               ch[i] = ch[ind];

               ch[ind] = t;

           }

       }

   }

   public static void main(String[] args) {

       printPerms("aBbCc".toCharArray(),0);

       System.out.println(set);

   }

}

Final answer:

The question involves creating an algorithm to generate permutations of a given string without altering the positions of uppercase alphabets, a problem suitable for Computers and Technology at the college level.

Explanation:

The task requires generating all permutations of a given string while maintaining the original positions of the uppercase alphabets. This is typically a problem that can be approached algorithmically, falling under the category of Computers and Technology. To solve it, you would need to find permutations of the lowercase letters only and then insert them back into the string at the positions not occupied by uppercase letters.

One way to achieve this is to extract all lowercase letters and use a permutation algorithm, such as Heap's algorithm, to generate all permutations while the uppercase letters act as anchors, holding their respective positions fixed. As each permutation of the lowercase letters is generated, it's interlaced with the uppercase ones to construct a full-string permutation that meets the condition. This process is repeated until all permutations of the lowercase characters are exhausted.

Answer:

import java.util.Scanner;

public class TestClock {

   public static void main(String[] args) {

       Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);

       System.out.println("Enter num 1");

       double num1 = in.nextDouble();

       System.out.println("Enter num 2");

       double num2 = in.nextDouble();

       System.out.println("enter \"s\" for addition\t \"d\" for difference\t \"p\" for the product\t and \"q\" for the quotient");

       char op = in.next().charAt(0);

       if(op =='s'||op=='S'){

           double sum = num1+num2;

           System.out.println("The sum is "+sum);

       }

       else   if(op =='d'||op=='D'){

           double diff = num1-num2;

           System.out.println("The difference is "+diff);

       }

       else if(op =='p'||op=='P'){

           double prod = num1*num2;

           System.out.println("The product is "+prod);

       }

       else if(op =='q'||op=='Q'){

           double quo = num1/num2;

           System.out.println("The Quotient is "+quo);

       }

   }

}

Explanation:

Answer:

Explanation:

In this case, the price of the RAM can rise because cost increase, assume the news of the Wall Street Journal, people with earning lower $80,000 they won't buy RAM because is too expensive, and people with over these earnings will buy less RAM, in addition, the incomes will fall, and the demand of RAM will fall too, but for the same reason the price could fall for the poor demand.

Answer:

"Classification" is the correct answer to this question.

Explanation:

Classification is primarily a method of data processing, it makes easy for information to be separated and divided into a different business or personal goals by the data set demands.  

Answer:

There are four options for this question: A and D are correct.

A. By adding a mobile layout and assigning it to a profile.

B. By adding quick actions in the publisher section

C. By adding actions in the Salesforce1 action bar section.

D. By adding Visualforce page to the mobile cards section.

Explanation:

We can add a different view for the users instead of the standard web, we can use a mobil design and assign a different profile, addition, we can implement the visualforce page to create a new view, with this option we make a better and interesting user interface with interaction with different views.