A. Reactant side: K(+1), Br2(0); Product side: K(+1), Br(-1). B. Potassium is oxidized, and bromine is reduced. C. Bromine is the oxidizing agent in this reaction.
A. Let's analyze the oxidation numbers for each element in the given equation:
On the reactant side:
- Potassium (K) has an oxidation number of 0.
- Bromine (Br2) is a diatomic molecule, and its oxidation number is 0.
On the product side:
- Potassium bromide (KBr) has potassium with an oxidation number of +1, and bromine with an oxidation number of -1.
B. To determine which element is oxidized and which is reduced, compare the oxidation numbers:
- Potassium goes from an oxidation number of 0 to +1, indicating that it loses electrons and is oxidized.
- Bromine goes from an oxidation number of 0 to -1, indicating that it gains electrons and is reduced.
C. The oxidizing agent is the substance that causes another substance to be oxidized. In this reaction, bromine is the oxidizing agent because it causes potassium to lose electrons (undergo oxidation).
Final answer:
In the reaction 2K + Br2 → 2KBr, K is oxidized from an oxidation number of 0 to +1 and Br2 is reduced from 0 to -1. Br2 is the oxidizing agent as it gains electrons; K is the reducing agent as it loses electrons.
Explanation:
To answer the question about the chemical reaction 2K + Br2 → 2KBr:
Assigning oxidation numbers: Potassium (K) has an oxidation number of 0 as a pure element, and Bromine (Br2) also has an oxidation number of 0 as a diatomic molecule. In the product, potassium bromide (KBr), K has an oxidation number of +1 and Br has an oxidation number of -1.
Identifying what is oxidized and what is reduced: Potassium (K) is oxidized because its oxidation number increases from 0 to +1. Bromine (Br2) is reduced because its oxidation number decreases from 0 to -1.
Determining the oxidizing agent and reducing agent: The oxidizing agent is Bromine (Br2), because it gains electrons and is reduced to Br- ions. The reducing agent is Potassium (K), as it loses electrons and is oxidized to K+ ions.
Now moles: _(1, 2, or 3)_moles of H2 + _(1, 2, or 3)_ moles of O2 → _(1, 2, or 3)_moles of H2O
Answer:
2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O.
Explanation:
For the reaction of water formation:2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O.
It should apply the the law of conservation of mass that the no. of reactants atoms is equal to the no. of products atoms.So, every 2.0 moles of H₂ react with 1.0 mole of O₂ to produce 2.0 moles of H₂O.
The balanced equation of the reaction is:
[tex]\underline{2}H_2\ +\ \underline{1}O_2\ \rightarrow \underline{2}H_2O\\[/tex]
How to balance the equation given?A balanced equation must have equal numbers of moles of the various element on both sides of the equation.
Now, lets us analyze the given equation. This is show below:
[tex]\_H_2\ +\ \_O_2\ \rightarrow \_H_2O\\[/tex]
Reactants:
H = 2O = 2Products:
H = 2O = 1From the above, it is obviously clear that the equation is not balanced.
Therefore, the equation can be balanced by writing 2 before hydrogen gas, H₂ and 2 before water, H₂O as shown below:
[tex]\underline{2}H_2\ +\ \underline{1}O_2\ \rightarrow \underline{2}H_2O\\[/tex]
Now, we can say that the equation is balanced.
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A population of gray foxes lives in a forest ecosystem. These foxes prey mostly on a large population of mice. If a fatal disease infects the mouse population, which of these is most likely to happen to the fox population through time?
Answer and Explanation:
Answer: C. An increase in food availability increases the birth rate in the population.
Explanation:
The conveying limit of a biological system can be characterized as the greatest size of a populace of an animal types an environment can uphold based on accessibility of assets, for example, food, water, living space and different necessities.
An increase in food availability increases the birth rate in the population
is the right choice in light of the fact that to build the populace till the conveying limit there should be excess stock of food ought to be accessible to the populace which can uphold in expansion in birth rate so the populace can achieve a level at the conveying limit.
Which solution will change red litmus to blue?
A: NaCl
B: CH3COOH
C: KOH
D: HCl
The first law of thermodynamics is a restatement of the
the law of thermodyanamic is the restatement of the law of conservation of energy
Can someone explain what each of the answer choices will do to the equilibrium? Shiftwise?
Answer:
[tex]\boxed{\text{(B)}}[/tex]
Explanation:
CaF₂(s) ⇌ Ca²⁺(aq) + F⁻(aq); ΔH > 0
According to Le Châtelier's Principle, when a stress is applied to a system at equilibrium, the system will respond in a way that tends to relieve the stress.
Let's consider each of the stresses in turn.
(A) Evaporating some of the water
The concentrations of the ions will increase, so calcium fluoride will precipitate out to remove the stress (the Ca²⁺ and F⁻ ions). The position of equilibrium does not shift, and [Ca²⁺] stays the same.
(B) Adding HNO₃
HF is a weak acid, so F⁻ is a relatively strong base. The added HNO₃ will convert the F⁻ ions to HF, removing them from solution. More CaF₂ will dissolve to replace the F⁻ ions, and this will add more Ca²⁺ ions as well. The position of equilibrium will shift to the right, and [Ca²⁺] will increase.
(C) Adding NaNO₃(aq)
There is no common ion, so NaNO₃ will have no effect. The added water will dilute the solution and decrease the concentrations of the ions. However, more CaF₂ will dissolve to increase the concentrations. The position of equilibrium does not shift, and [Ca²⁺] stays the same.
(D) Adding NaF
This is the common ion effect. F⁻ is the common ion. The added NaF will dissolve, increasing the concentration of F⁻ ions. More CaF₂ will precipitate to remove the added F⁻ ions, but it removes Ca²⁺ ions at the same time. The position of equilibrium shifts to the left, and [Ca²⁺] decreases.
For which of the following can a relative age be determined? Select all that apply.
A.
fossil
B.
rock layer
C.
volcanic eruption
D.
folded rock layers
E.
faulted rock layers
Answer: A. fossil
B. rock layer
Explanation:
Relative aging or dating can be define as the technique for determination of the age of the rock and fossil. It is a method of determining the chronological order of the past events by comparing the stratigraphic column of rocks and sediments with each other. This method can only give relative age of one object in comparison with the other but does not give the absolute date.
How many moles of NH3 DOES it take to make 8.0 moles of H2O according to the reaction shown, 4NH3 + 5O2 yields 4NO + 6H2O A)8.0 mol B) 3.5 mol C) 12.0 mol D) 5.3 mol
Answer:
The answer is 5.3 because when looking at the moles produced from the coefficient from the balanced equation all you have to do is make the 6 on the left equal 8. IN order to do that you multiply by 1 and 1/3, then do that to the number 4 to get 5.3
Explanation:
A 100-w light bulb is about 16% efficient. how many joules of heat energy are siddipated by the bulb each second
Answer:
84 Joules are wasted per second.
Explanation:
An efficiency of 16% means 84% is wasted as heat energy.
Therefore;
For a 100W bulb;
Heat wasted = 84/100 × 100 W
= 84 W
Therefore;
84 W or 84 joules are wasted as heat per second
How many moles of helium are 8.84×1024 atoms of He?
Answer:
14.68 moles of He
Explanation:
To do this, just remember Avogadro's Constant or Avogadro's number. This constant tells us how many units ( in this case atoms) there are in a mole of ANY type of substance.
Avogadro's constant is 6.022140857 × 10²³ units per mole.
Now that we know how many atoms there are in 1 mole, we can use this as our conversion factor.
8.84 x 10²⁴ atoms of He → moles of He
[tex]8.84\times10^{24} atoms of He\times\dfrac{1moleofHe}{6.022140857\times10^{23}atomsofHe}=14.68molesofHe[/tex]
So the answer would be:
14.68 moles of He
Carbon disulfide burns with oxygen to form carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide in the following manner: CS2 + 3O2 → CO2 + 2SO2
What is the volume of sulfur dioxide (SO2 gas), formed when 2 moles of carbon disulfide (CS2) are burned? The reaction is taking place at STP.
5.6 L
22.4 L
89.6 L
44.8 L
Answer:
89.6 L.
Explanation:
For the balanced reaction:CS₂ + 3O₂ → CO₂ + 2SO₂.
It is clear that 1.0 mole of CS₂ with 3.0 moles of O₂ to produce 1.0 mole of CO₂ and 2.0 moles of SO₂.Using cross multiplication:
1.0 mole of CS₂ produces → 2.0 moles of SO₂.
2.0 mole of CS₂ produces → ??? moles of SO₂.
∴ The no. of moles of SO₂ produced = (2.0 mol)(2.0 mol)/(1.0 mol) = 4.0 mol.
It is known that 1.0 mole of any gas at STP occupies 22.4 L.∴ 4.0 moles of SO₂ occupy = (4.0)(22.4 L) = 89.6 L.
Answer:
89.6 L.
Explanation:
Identify the base and conjugate acid pair in the following equation: HF + H 2 O >
H 3 O + + F -
Answer:
Here's what I get.
Explanation:
An acid is a proton donor; a base is a proton acceptor.
Thus, HF is the acid and H₂O is the base.
The conjugate base is what's left after the acid has given up its proton.
The conjugate acid is what's formed when the base has accepted a proton.
HF/F⁻ make one conjugate acid/base pair, and H₂O/H₃O⁺ are the other conjugate acid/base pair.
[tex]\rm \underbrace{\hbox{HF}}_{\hbox{acid}} + \underbrace{\hbox{H_{2}\rm O}}_{\hbox{base}} \rightleftharpoons \underbrace{\hbox{H_{3}\rm O^{+}}}_{\hbox{conj. acid}} +\underbrace{\hbox{F^{-}}}_{\hbox{conj. base}}[/tex]
In which set of elements would all members be expected to have very similar chemical properties?A) O, S, SeB) S, Se, SiC) N, O, FD) Ne, Na, MgE) Na, Mg, K
Answer:
A. O, S, Se
Explanation:
If you look up Oxygen (O), Sulfur (S) and Selenium (Se) in the periodic table, you will see that these three fall under the same column. In the periodic table, elements are arranged in rows and columns. Columns are called groups. The elements that fall under the same group share similar chemical properties.
The elements given above are all in Group VIA or group 16.
What is quantum physics
It has to do with time travel
Final answer:
Quantum physics is a branch of physics focusing on the behavior of matter and energy at atomic and subatomic levels, defining energy, momentum, and other quantities in discrete values. It introduces the wave-particle duality of quantum particles and quantization, where energy is exchanged in fixed quanta.
Explanation:
Introduction to Quantum Physics:
Quantum physics, also known as quantum mechanics, is a fundamental theory in physics that explains the behavior of matter and energy at the atomic and subatomic levels. Unlike classical physics, which adequately describes the motion of macroscopic objects, quantum physics is essential for understanding phenomena that occur at extremely small scales where wave-particle duality and quantization become significant. The quantization aspect of quantum mechanics means that energy, momentum, and other quantities of a system can only take on discrete values.
It's this branch of physics that reveals the dual nature of particles, such as electrons, acting both as particles and as waves. This duality is one of the many counterintuitive aspects of quantum mechanics that do not align with everyday experiences and observations. In the world of quantum mechanics, particles gain or lose energy in fixed amounts called quanta. The field also delves into the strange properties and behaviors of quantum entities, predicting probabilities rather than certainties.
Understanding quantum mechanics is crucial for a variety of applications, including the study of atoms, construction of lasers, and the development of quantum computers. It's a field that continues to challenge our perceptions of reality and pushes the boundaries of what we consider possible in the physical world.
What element marks the boundary between using fusion and fission to release energy?
Answer:
matter
Explanation:
Iron marks the boundary between fusion and fission for energy release. Lighter elements than iron release energy through fusion, while heavier elements release energy through fission. Iron has the highest binding energy per nucleon, making it a turning point on the energy-mass curve.
The element that marks the boundary between using fusion and fission to release energy is iron (Fe). In the context of nuclear reactions, fusion occurs when two light nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus, releasing energy because the combined nucleus has a higher binding energy per nucleon.
In contrast, fission is the process of splitting a heavy nucleus into smaller nuclei, releasing energy because the products have a higher binding energy per nucleon than the original heavy nucleus.
Iron possesses the highest binding energy per nucleon, which is why it is an energy-increasing process to fuse nuclei lighter than iron. For elements heavier than iron, fission becomes an energy-releasing process. Thus, iron is a unique marker in the periodic table where the more energy-efficient method of releasing nuclear energy switches from fusion to fission.
Fusion is responsible for powering stars and for the creation of elements in the universe through a process known as nucleosynthesis. Furthermore, while fission has been utilized in nuclear weapons and reactors, fusion promises to release far more energy per reaction, making it an attractive but technically challenging energy source. On an energy-mass curve, nuclei to the left of iron release energy through fusion while those to the right produce energy through fission.
PLEASE HELP WILL MARK BRAINLIEST!!!Which balanced equation represents an oxidation-reduction reaction? (explain)
(1) Ba(NO3)2 + Na2SO4 ==> BaSO4 + 2NaNO3
(2) Fe(s) + S(s) ==> FeS(s)
(3) H3PO4 + 3KOH==> K3PO4 + 3H2O
(4) NH3(g) + HCl(g)==> NH4Cl(s)
Answer:
(2) Fe(s) + S(s) → FeS(s)
Explanation:
The oxidation-reduction reaction contains a reductant and an oxidant (oxidizing agent).An oxidizing agent, or oxidant, gains electrons and is reduced in a chemical reaction. Also known as the electron acceptor, the oxidizing agent is normally in one of its higher possible oxidation states because it will gain electrons and be reduced.A reducing agent (also called a reductant or reducer) is an element (such as calcium) or compound that loses (or "donates") an electron to another chemical species in a redox chemical reaction.The only reaction that include oxidant and reductant:(2) Fe(s) + S(s) → FeS(s).
Fe is oxidized to Fe²⁺ in (FeS) (loses 2 electrons). "reducing agent".
S is reduced to S²⁻ in (FeS) (gains 2 electrons). "oxidizing agent".
The first reaction: (1) Ba(NO3)2 + Na2SO4 ==> BaSO4 + 2NaNO3
is replacement reaction.
The third reaction: (3) H3PO4 + 3KOH==> K3PO4 + 3H2O
is acid-base reaction.
The fourth reaction: (4) NH3(g) + HCl(g)==> NH4Cl(s)
is synthesis reaction.
The balanced chemical equation which represents a redox reaction is:[tex]Fe_(_s_)+S_(_s_) \rightarrow FeS_(_s_)[/tex] as it includes an oxidant and a reductant. The correct option is 3.
Redox reactions comprise of two parts a reduced part and an oxidized part, which occur simultaneously . The part which is reduced gain electrons and hence there is a increase in oxidation state of the species.
While, the part which is oxidized looses electrons and hence there is a decrease in oxidation state of the species.During redox reactions, there is no net change in the number of electrons . Electrons which are given off in oxidation are used up in reduction.
The ion or molecule which accepts electrons is called as oxidizing agent while the ion or molecule which donates electrons is called as a reducing agent.The only reaction which is an oxidation-reduction reaction is that of iron and sulfur where iron is oxidized and sulfur is reduced.
Thus, the correct option is 3.
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In terms of bonds, what would the molecule C₆H₁₂ be classified as?
Alkyne
Alkane
Alkene
Inorganic compound
Answer:
Alkene
Explanation:
A tank has a total pressure of 285 kPa and contains Hydrogen, Oxygen, Carbon dioxide, and Neon. If Neon has a partial pressure of 14 kPa, carbon dioxide is 13 kPa, and Oxygen has a partial pressure of 157 kPa, what is the partial pressure of Hydrogen?
Answer:
Lets the total pressure is Pt and the individual gases are designated as pH2, pCO2, pNe, pO2.
Pt = pCO2+ pNe+pO2+ pH2
285KPa = 13 KPa+ 14 KPa + 157 KPa +pH2
Now add the partial pressure of CO2, Ne and O2 which is equal to 184 KPa.
285 KPa = 184 KPa + pH2
Now subtract the individual pressure of each gas from thje total pressure.
285 KPa - 184 KPa = pH2
101 KPa = pH2
The partial pressure of hydrogen is 101 KPa.
Which type of reaction happens when a base is mixed with an acid
nutrition reaction or saline reaction because these reactions generate salts , such as:
HCl + NaOH==>NaCl + H2O
Would a solution with a pOH of 11 be acidic or basic?
Answer:
Its acidic.. With pH=3
Explanation:
pH + pOH =14
Let pH be x then
x + 11 = 14
x = 3
pH less than 7, solution is acidic.
The solution with a pOH of 11 will be acidic in nature.
Explanation:When the aqueous solution is dissociated based upon the ions released by them it is categorized as acids or bases. When the solution gives out [tex]H^+[/tex] ion it is called as acid, whereas if it gives out [tex]OH^-[/tex] ions it is called as bases.
The concentration of [tex]H^+[/tex] ions is represented by pH, whereas the concentration of [tex]OH^-[/tex] ion is represented by pOH. In pOH scale value seven refers to neutral, whereas value below seven shows that the substance is basic whereas the value above seven indicates the substance as acidic.
Thus, it can be inferred that the solution with a pOH of 11 will be acidic in nature.
In terms of bonds, what would the molecule C₃H₆ be classified as?
Inorganic compound
Alkene
Alkyne
Alkane
The molecule C3H6 is classified as a Alkene.
The answer is alkene
How many functional groups are in the compound?
Four
Two
Three
One
Answer:
Two functional groups
Explanation:
We have the carboxylic group and the amine group.
The COOH group to the left is the alkanoic acid/carboxylic acid group..
The NH₂ to the right is the amino functional group.
Rutherford's model of the atom was similar to Bohr's model because they both thought that:
electrons were located in the nucleus of the atom
the nucleus of the atom was centrally located in the atom and was positively charged
the nucleus was negatively charged and that the electrons were positively charged
electrons were too small in size to affect the properties of atoms
Answer:
the nucleus of the atom was centrally located i n the atom and was positively charged
Explanation:t
Answer:
the nucleus of the atom was centrally located in the atom and was positively charged
Explanation:
Electrons orbit outside the nucleus. Option A is incorrect.
Nucleus is positive in charge and is located at the center of the atom. Option B is correct.
The nucleus is positively charged and that the electrons are negatively charged. Option C is incorrect.
Electrons do affect the properties of atoms. Option D is incorrect.
Drag each tile to the correct location on the image.
Use the periodic table to write the electron configuration of selenium (Se).
s
p
d
1
2
3
4
6
10
Answer:
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p4
Explanation:
Answer: The electronic configuration of selenium is [tex][Ar]4s^23d^{10}4p^4[/tex]
Explanation:
Electronic configuration is the representation of electrons that are present in an element.
Selenium is the element which is present in Group 16 and has an atomic number of 34.
Atomic number is defined as the number of protons or number of electrons present in an atom.
The number of electrons present in this element is 34.
So, the electronic configuration of selenium = [tex]Se:[Ar]4s^23d^{10}4p^4[/tex]
Words to equation and balancing
Answer:
Pb(NO₃)₂ ₍aq₎ + 2 KI ₍aq₎ ------------> PbI₂ ₍s₎ + 2 KNO₃ ₍aq₎
Explanation:
Chemical Equation:
lead(II) nitrate: Pb(NO₃)₂
potassium iodide: KI
lead(II) iodide: PbI₂
Potassium nitrate: KNO₃
Pb(NO₃)₂ ₍aq₎ + KI ₍aq₎ ------------> PbI₂ ₍s₎ + KNO₃ ₍aq₎
Balancing the equation:
For balancing the equation all atoms of the elements on both sides of equation i.e reactants and products are equal.
So balancing the above equation we get:
Pb(NO₃)₂ ₍aq₎ + 2 KI ₍aq₎ ------------> PbI₂ ₍s₎ + 2 KNO₃ ₍aq₎
The differences between two molecules include the type of sugar that forms a section of the molecules and the identity of one of the four nitrogenous bases that make up another section of the molecules. These two molecules are —
The answer is nucleic acids
Identify which one is the oxidizing agent in this reaction:
2 KNO3 (s) → 2 KNO2 (s) + O2 (g)
Show ALL work.
Answer:
Nitrogen atom
Explanation:
Oxidation and reduction in a equation can be shown using oxidation numbers.Oxidation number of Oxygen in KNO3 is -2 while in O2 is 0; this indicates reduction.Oxidation number of Nitrogen (N) in KNO3 is + 5, while in KNO2 is +3 , this indicates oxidation.Hence;
Nitrogen has undergone reduction while oxygen has undergone oxidation and therefore, nitrogen is the oxidizing agent and oxygen is the reducing agent.in which of the following cases will there be precipitation
A)QB)Q=Ksp
C)Q<D)Q>Ksp
Answer:
I think D
Explanation:
Q > Ksp, there are more ions in solution than are necessary for saturation. This is a supersaturated solution (i.e There is a tendency for the extra solute to precipitate).
This is a temperature where the vapor pressure of a liquid equals the atmospheric pressure.
Answer:
The answer is boiling point.
Explanation:
The boiling point of a substance refers to the temperature at which the vapour pressure of a liquid equals the atmospheric pressure; at this point the liquid will boil. Different liquids have different boiling points that are unique to them. This makes it possible for scientists to use boiling points as one of the criteria by which a liquid substance can be identified. At boiling point, the chemical bonds that are holding liquid particles together are destroyed and the liquid turn to gas.
Assign oxidation numbers for the following:
P2O5
(SO4)2-
KClO3
NH4Cl
(NH4)2S
Show all the steps, please.
Answer:
1. P₂O₅ → oxidation number of phosphorous is +5 and Oxygen is -2.
2. (SO₄)²⁻ → oxidation number of sulfur is +6 and Oxygen is -2.
3. KClO₃ → oxidation number of Potassium is +1, Chlorine is +5, and Oxygen is -2.
4. NH₄Cl → oxidation number of Nitrogen is -3, Hydrogen is +1, and Chlorine is -1
5. (NH₄)₂S → oxidation number of Nitrogen is -3, Hydrogen is +1, and Sulfur is -2
Explanation:
General Rules for assigning oxidation numbers
The oxidation number of a free element is always 0.
The oxidation number of a mono-atomic ion equals the charge of the ion.
The alkali metals (group I) always have an oxidation number of +1.
The alkaline earth metals (group II) are always assigned an oxidation number of +2.
Oxygen almost always has an oxidation number of -2, except in peroxides (H₂O₂) where it is -1 and in compounds with fluorine (OF₂) where it is +2.
Hydrogen has an oxidation number of +1 when combined with non-metals, but it has an oxidation number of -1 when combined with metals.
The algebraic sum of the oxidation numbers of elements in a compound is zero.
The algebraic sum of the oxidation states in an ion is equal to the charge on the ion.
Using the above rules:
1. P₂O₅
∵ it is a neutral compound its total charge is 0.
Also, we know that oxygen has an oxidation number of -2.
Let oxidation number of P be x
∴ 2(x)+5(-2)=0 → 2x=+10 → x=+5
∴oxidation number of phosphorous is +5.
2. SO₄²⁻:
∵ it is a charged ion its total charge is -2.
Also, we know that oxygen has an oxidation number of -2.
Let oxidation number of S be x
∴ (x)+4(-2)= -2 → x=+6
∴oxidation number of sulfur is +6.
3. KClO₃:
∵ it is a neutral compound its total charge is 0.
Also, we know that oxygen has an oxidation number of -2 and the oxidation number of K (group I) is +1
Let oxidation number of Cl be x
∴ (+1) + (x) + 3(-2) = 0 → x=+5
∴oxidation number of Chlorine is +5.
4. NH₄Cl:
∵ it is a neutral compound its total charge is 0.
Also, we know that chloride has an oxidation number of -1
Hydrogen has an oxidation number of +1 when combined with non-metals
Let oxidation number of N be x
∴ (x) + 4(+1) + (-1) = 0 → x=-3
∴oxidation number of Nitrogen is -3.
5. (NH₄)₂S:
∵ it is a neutral compound its total charge is 0.
Also, we know that chloride has an oxidation number of -1
Ammonium ion (NH₄⁺) has an oxidation number of +1
Let oxidation number of N be x
∴ 2(+1) + (x) = 0 → x= -2
∴oxidation number of sulfur is -2.
The main reason why H2CO has a higher vapor pressure at a given temperature when compared to CH3OH is that H2CO
Answer:
Cannot form hydrogen bonds to its neighbours.
Explanation:
The strongest intermolecular forces in H₂CO are dipole-dipole attractions between the polar C=O bonds in nearby molecules.
The strongest intermolecular forces in CH₃OH are strong hydrogen bonding attractions between the O-H group in one molecule and the O atom in a nearby molecule.
Since H₂CO molecules have weaker intermolecular forces than methanol, more of them can escape from the liquid to the vapour phase.
Thus, CH₂O has a higher vapour pressure than methanol.
Formaldehyde (H2CO) has a higher vapor pressure than methanol (CH3OH) due to weaker intermolecular forces, as methanol can form stronger hydrogen bonds which formaldehyde cannot, leading to a lower vapor pressure for methanol.
Explanation:The main reason why H2CO (formaldehyde) has a higher vapor pressure at a given temperature compared to CH3OH (methanol) is because of the different types of intermolecular forces (IMFs) present in each compound. Methanol can form hydrogen bonds due to its -OH group, which are much stronger than the dipole-dipole interactions and London dispersion forces present in formaldehyde.
Despite methanol and formaldehyde having similar molar masses, the stronger hydrogen bonding in methanol means that more energy is needed to escape from the liquid phase, resulting in a lower vapor pressure for methanol compared to formaldehyde.